CN106183822A - 电动车辆高电压***警报 - Google Patents

电动车辆高电压***警报 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106183822A
CN106183822A CN201610357292.3A CN201610357292A CN106183822A CN 106183822 A CN106183822 A CN 106183822A CN 201610357292 A CN201610357292 A CN 201610357292A CN 106183822 A CN106183822 A CN 106183822A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
vehicle
battery
voltage
traction battery
controller
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
CN201610357292.3A
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English (en)
Inventor
凯琳·罗维特
凯思林·蒂斯图
威廉·大卫·特莱汉
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Publication of CN106183822A publication Critical patent/CN106183822A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K26/00—Arrangements or mounting of propulsion unit control devices in vehicles
    • B60K26/02—Arrangements or mounting of propulsion unit control devices in vehicles of initiating means or elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q9/00—Arrangement or adaptation of signal devices not provided for in one of main groups B60Q1/00 - B60Q7/00, e.g. haptic signalling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • B60R16/033—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60W30/18054—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations at stand still, e.g. engine in idling state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W50/08—Interaction between the driver and the control system
    • B60W50/14—Means for informing the driver, warning the driver or prompting a driver intervention
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0803—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by means for initiating engine start or stop
    • F02N11/0807—Remote means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0814—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
    • F02N11/0818—Conditions for starting or stopping the engine or for deactivating the idle-start-stop mode
    • F02N11/0829—Conditions for starting or stopping the engine or for deactivating the idle-start-stop mode related to special engine control, e.g. giving priority to engine warming-up or learning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02N11/10—Safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N2011/0881—Components of the circuit not provided for by previous groups
    • F02N2011/0888—DC/DC converters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
    • F02N2200/06—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the power supply or driving circuits for the starter
    • F02N2200/063—Battery voltage
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2300/00—Control related aspects of engine starting
    • F02N2300/30—Control related aspects of engine starting characterised by the use of digital means
    • F02N2300/302—Control related aspects of engine starting characterised by the use of digital means using data communication
    • F02N2300/306—Control related aspects of engine starting characterised by the use of digital means using data communication with external senders or receivers, e.g. receiving signals from traffic lights, other vehicles or base stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本公开提供一种电动车辆高电压***警报。一种车辆包括牵引电池、辅助电池、电压转换器、指示器以及控制器，电压转换器选择性地与牵引电池连接且与辅助电池连接。控制器可被配置为：响应于检测到低电压总线上的辅助电压小于最小电压且高电压总线上的电压大于预定阈值，激活指示器以指示高电压总线上存在电压，高电压总线上存在电压指示在点火装置断开时间段期间来自牵引电池的电流被提供至辅助电池。

Description

电动车辆高电压***警报
技术领域
本申请总体上涉及在点火装置断开期间利用混合动力电动车辆和电动车辆中的牵引电池对辅助电池进行充电。
背景技术
混合动力电动车辆和电动车辆利用牵引电池为推进和一些辅助负载提供电力。利用高电压牵引电池的车辆可被称为电气化车辆。这些车辆还包括输出比牵引电池的电压低的电压的辅助电池。辅助电池向各种低电压负载、电子模块提供电力，并且可被用于启动发动机。另外，牵引电池可向电机供应电力以用于推进，并且可提供电力来启动发动机，以提供推进。从辅助电池接收电力的电子模块通常需要某一电压水平来保持可操作。如果辅助电池电压降低至某一电压之下，则电子模块的操作可能得不到保证。
发明内容
一种车辆包括牵引电池、辅助电池、电压转换器、指示器以及控制器，电压转换器选择性地与牵引电池连接且与辅助电池连接。控制器可被配置为：响应于检测到低电压总线上的辅助电压小于最小电压且高电压总线上的电压大于预定阈值，激活指示器以指示高电压总线上存在电压，高电压总线上的电压指示在点火装置断开时间段期间从牵引电池到辅助电池的电流。
根据本发明，提供一种车辆，所述车辆包括：牵引电池；电压转换器，选择性地与牵引电池连接；辅助电池，与电压转换器连接；指示器；控制器，被配置为：响应于经由高电压总线将牵引电池选择性地连接至电压转换器以在点火装置断开时间段期间将来自牵引电池的电流提供至辅助电池，激活指示器以指示在高电压总线上存在电压。
一种电池管理***包括指示器和至少一个控制器。所述至少一个控制器被配置为：响应于检测到低电压总线上的辅助电压小于最小电压且高电压总线上的电压大于预定阈值，激活指示器以指示高电压总线上存在电压，其中，高电压总线上的电压大于预定阈值指示在点火装置断开时间段期间来自牵引电池的电流被提供至辅助电池。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述电池管理***还包括仪表组，仪表组包括仪表组表面，仪表组连接至所述至少一个控制器，其中，指示器是仪表组表面上的发光装置，其中，激活指示器包括点亮所述发光装置。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述电池管理***还包括连接至所述至少至少一个控制器的无线通信模块，所述至少一个控制器还被配置为：响应于检测到高电压总线上的电压，经由无线通信模块向远程装置发送所述指示。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述至少一个控制器还被配置为：经由无线通信模块接收来自远程装置的点火装置接通请求，并且响应于所述点火装置接通请求，输出发动机启动信号并命令电机发电以对牵引电池和辅助电池进行再充电。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述至少一个控制器还被配置为：响应于所述指示以及牵引电池的荷电状态小于预定阈值，输出发动机启动信号并操作电机发电以对牵引电池和辅助电池进行再充电。
一种用于通过控制器在车辆内产生高电压指示的方法包括：响应于检测到高电压总线上的电压大于预定阈值，输出用于激活指示器的信号，所述高电压总线上的电压指示在点火装置断开时间段期间从牵引电池到辅助电池的电荷流动。
根据本发明，提供一种用于在车辆内产生高电压指示的方法，所述方法包括：响应于检测到高电压总线上的电压大于预定阈值，由控制器输出用于激活指示器的信号，高电压总线上的电压指示在点火装置断开时间段期间从牵引电池到辅助电池的电荷流动。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述方法还包括：响应于输出，启动车辆的发动机并操作连接至发动机的电机，以对牵引电池和辅助电池进行再充电。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述方法还包括：响应于输出，由安装在车辆的仪表盘上的发光装置照亮车辆的内部和车辆的外部。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述方法还包括：响应于输出，点亮仪表组的仪表组表面上的灯。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述方法还包括：响应于输出，从蜂鸣器发出声波。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述方法还包括：由控制器将所述信号发送至远离车辆的装置。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述方法还包括：接收来自所述装置的点火装置接通请求；由所述控制器输出发动机启动信号。
附图说明
图1是示出了典型的动力传动***和储能组件的混合动力车辆的示图。
图2是用于监测高电压总线的控制***的示图。
具体实施方式
在此描述本公开的实施例。然而，应理解的是，所公开的实施例仅为示例，并且其它实施例可采用多种和替代的形式。附图无需按比例绘制；可夸大或最小化一些特征以示出特定组件的细节。因此，在此公开的具体结构和功能细节不应被解释为限制，而仅仅作为用于教导本领域技术人员以多种形式利用本发明的代表性基础。如本领域普通技术人员将理解的是，参照任一附图示出和描述的多种特征可与一个或更多个其它附图中示出的特征组合以产生未明确示出或描述的实施例。示出的特征的组合提供用于典型应用的代表性实施例。然而，与本公开的教导一致的特征的多种组合和修改可期望用于特定的应用或实施。
图1描绘了典型的插电式混合动力电动车辆(PHEV)。PHEV 112可包括机械地连接至混合动力传动装置116的一个或更多个电机114。电机114能够作为马达或发电机运转。此外，混合动力传动装置116机械地连接至发动机118。混合动力传动装置116还机械地连接至驱动轴120，驱动轴120机械地连接至车轮122。当发动机118开启或关闭时，电机114可提供推进和减速能力。电机114还用作发电机，并且能通过回收在摩擦制动***中通常将作为热损失掉的能量而提供燃料经济性效益。通过允许发动机118在更高效的转速下运转并允许混合动力电动车辆112在特定条件下随着发动机118关闭而以电动模式运行，电机114还可减少车辆排放。
牵引电池或电池组124储存可被电机114使用的能量。车辆电池组124通常提供高电压直流(DC)输出。一个或更多个接触器142在断开时可使牵引电池124与DC高电压总线154A隔离，并在闭合时使牵引电池124连接至DC高电压总线154A。牵引电池124经由DC高电压总线154A电连接至一个或更多个电力电子模块126。电力电子模块126还电连接至电机114，并且提供在AC高电压总线154B与电机114之间双向传输能量的能力。例如，牵引电池124可提供DC电压，而电机114可利用三相交流(AC)来运行以起作用。电力电子模块126可将DC电压转换为三相AC电流以操作电机114。在再生模式下，电力电子模块126可将来自用作发电机的电机114的三相AC电转换为牵引电池124兼容的DC电压。在此此处的描述同样适用于纯电动车辆。对于纯电动车辆，混合动力传动***116可以是连接至电机114的齿轮箱，并且发动机118可以不存在。DC高电压总线154A和AC高电压总线154B可被单独地提及或者统称为高电压总线154。
牵引电池124除了提供用于推进的能量之外，还可提供用于其它车辆电气***的能量。车辆112可包括DC/DC转换器模块128，DC/DC转换器模块128电连接至高电压总线154。DC/DC转换器模块128可电连接至低电压总线156。DC/DC转换器模块128可将牵引电池124的高电压DC输出转换为与低电压车辆负载152兼容的低电压DC供电。低电压总线156可电连接至辅助电池130(例如，12V电池)。低电压***152可电连接至低电压总线156。低电压***152可包括车辆112内的各种控制器。如果辅助电池130的电压降低至最小阈值电压之下，低电压***152可能不能启动和运行。低电压***152不运行的结果可能是失去启动车辆的能力。例如，如果管理牵引电池124的控制器不能被启动，则接触器142会保持断开。
车辆112可以是电动车辆或插电式混合动力车辆，其中，牵引电池124可通过外部电源136被再充电。外部电源136可以连接到电插座。外部电源136可电连接至充电器或电动车辆供电设备(EVSE)138。外部电源136可以是由公用电力公司提供的配电网或网络。EVSE 138可提供用于调节和管理电源136和车辆112之间的能量传输的电路和控制。外部电源136可向EVSE138提供DC电力或AC电力。EVSE 138可具有用于***车辆112的充电端口134的充电连接器140。充电端口134可以是被构造为将电力从EVSE 138传输到车辆112的任何类型的端口。充电端口134可电连接至充电器或车载电力转换模块132。电力转换模块132可调节从EVSE 138供应的电力，以向牵引电池124提供合适的电压和电流水平。电力转换模块132可与EVSE 138进行接口连接，以协调向车辆112的电力传输。EVSE连接器140可具有与充电端口134的对应凹入紧密配合的插脚。可选地，被描述为以电的方式连接或接合的各种组件可利用无线感应耦合来传输电力。
一个或更多个车轮制动器144可被提供用于使车辆112减速并防止车辆112的移动。车轮制动器144可以是液压致动的、电致动的或它们的某种组合。车轮制动器144可以是制动***150的一部分。制动***150可包括用于操作车轮制动器144的其它组件。为了简洁，附图描绘了制动***150和车轮制动器144中的一个之间的单一连接。制动***150和其它车轮制动器144之间的连接是隐含的。制动***150可包括用于监测和协调制动***150的控制器。制动***150可监测制动器组件并控制用于车辆减速的车轮制动器144。制动***150可经由制动踏板对驾驶员命令做出响应，并且还可自主运行以实现诸如稳定控制的功能。当被另一控制器或子功能请求时，制动***50的控制器可实现施加被请求的制动力的方法。
一个或更多个高电压电力负载146可连接到高电压总线154。高电压电力负载146可具有适时地操作并控制高电压电力负载146的关联的控制器。高电压负载146可包括压缩机和电加热器。
所讨论的各种组件可具有一个或更多个关联的控制器，以控制并监测所述组件的操作。控制器可经由串行总线(例如，控制器局域网(CAN))或经由离散的导体进行通信。另外，可存在***控制器148，以协调各种组件的操作。
在点火装置断开状况期间，接触器142可处于断开状态，使得牵引电池124不向高电压总线154提供电力。在点火装置断开状况期间，牵引电池124可从辅助电池130断开连接。在点火装置断开状况期间，选择的电子模块(例如，低电压负载152)可以是激活的。例如，防盗***和远程无钥匙进入***可继续是激活的。激活的***可从辅助电池130汲取电流。在一些配置中，低电压负载152(诸如，灯)可能偶然地被留在激活状况并且从辅助电池130汲取电流，这会增大辅助电池130的放电速率。在点火装置断开状况期间，低电压负载152可被配置为最小化电流汲取。
图2描绘了与辅助电池130和牵引电池124接口连接以实现电池管理***的控制器100的一种可行的示图。尽管控制器100被表示为单一控制器，但是控制器100可被实现为一个或更多个控制器。控制器100可监测牵引电池124和辅助电池130的操作状况。牵引电池电流传感器102可连接至牵引电池124，以感测流过牵引电池124的电流。牵引电池电压传感器104可连接至牵引电池124，以感测跨越牵引电池124两端的电压。牵引电池电压传感器104可输出指示跨越牵引电池124两端的电压的信号。牵引电池电流传感器102可输出指示流过牵引电池124的电流的大小和方向的信号。
辅助电池电流传感器106可连接至辅助电池130，以感测流过辅助电池130的电流。辅助电池电压传感器108可连接至辅助电池130，以感测跨越辅助电池130两端的电压。辅助电池电压传感器108可输出指示跨越辅助电池130两端的电压的信号。辅助电池电流传感器106可输出指示流过辅助电池130的电流的大小和方向的信号。
牵引电池电流传感器102和牵引电池电压传感器104的输出可被输入到控制器100。辅助电池电流传感器106和辅助电池电压传感器108的输出可被输入到控制器100。控制100可包括接口电路207，以对电流传感器信号和电压传感器信号进行滤波和缩放。
控制器100可被配置为基于来自牵引电池电流传感器102和牵引电池电压传感器104的信号来计算牵引电池124的荷电状态。可利用多种技术来计算荷电状态。例如，可实现安培小时积分，在安培小时积分中通过牵引电池124的电流在时间上积分。荷电状态还可基于牵引电池电压传感器104的输出被估计。所使用的具体技术可取决于特定电池的化学组成和特性。类似地，控制器100可基于来自辅助电池电流传感器106和辅助电池电压传感器108的信号来计算辅助电池130的荷电状态。在一些配置中，辅助电池130的荷电状态可根据辅助电池电压传感器108的输出来进行估计。
荷电状态的操作范围可针对辅助电池130和牵引电池124进行限定。所述操作范围可限定上限和下限，在所述上限和下限处荷电状态可针对每个电池124、130而被限制。在车辆运行期间，控制器100可被配置为将电池124、130的荷电状态保持在关联的操作范围内。在点火装置断开状况期间，辅助电池130的荷电状态可能由于在点火装置断开状况期间运行的低电压负载152以及可能在低电压负载152中存在的任何寄生负载而下降。然而，由于牵引电池124可通过断开的开关142与高电压电力负载146断开连接，所以牵引电池124的荷电状态可以以更低的速率下降。尽管开关142是断开的，但是牵引电池124具有一些损耗，所述损耗可包括内部电池监测电路和内部牵引电池化学反应。另外，如果接触器142是闭合的，则DC/DC转换器模块128可被激活且从牵引电池124汲取电力以向低电压总线156供电。车辆处于点火开关断开状态时的能量的供应(诸如，使电荷或电流从牵引电池124流到辅助电池130)可减少由于辅助电池130上缺少电荷而使车辆变为不运行的情况。高电压总线154必须通电，并且DC/DC转换器必须将牵引电池124的电压水平改变为辅助电池130的电压水平，以便使电荷在电池124和130之间流动。通常，当车辆处于运行状态时，在高电压总线154上可能存在高电压(例如，大于100伏特的电压)。处于运行状态的车辆可通过视觉指示和听觉指示两者被确定，视觉指示和听觉指示包括与发动机的运转关联的声音和振动、内部仪表组216的点亮以及信息娱乐***的运行。然而，当车辆处于点火开关断开状态时，即使是当牵引电池124正使电荷流动到辅助电池130时，但是仪表组和信息娱乐***通常是关闭的。这里，指示器(诸如，信息娱乐***)、发光装置(诸如，灯或发光二极管)或仪表组216可响应于高电压总线154上存在高电压而进行操作或点亮。
随着辅助电池130的荷电状态下降，辅助电池130的电压会降低。辅助电池的低电压限制可被限定。辅助电池的低电压限制可被配置为辅助电池130应该被充电的电压水平，以确保辅助电池130中存储了足够的能量，从而在点火装置断开状况期间支持低电压负载152持续预定的时间段。此外，辅助电池的最小电压限制可被限定为某一电压水平，低于所述电压水平时低电压负载152可能不能操作。辅助电池的电压限制还可被限定为辅助电池的荷电状态限制。类似地，牵引电池的低电压限制或荷电状态限制可被限定。
在电气化车辆中，来自牵引电池124的存储的能量可被用于对辅助电池130进行充电。在车辆运行(例如，点火装置接通状况)期间，来自牵引电池124和电机114的能量可被用于经由DC/DC转换器模块128向辅助电池130和低电压负载152提供电力。然而，在点火装置断开状况中，接触器142可被断开，使得牵引电池124与DC/DC转换器模块128隔离。在这种情况下，由于电池是断开连接的，所以没有能量从牵引电池124被传送至辅助电池130。一些电气化车辆包括与电压转换器128、牵引电池124以及控制器100连接的高电压互锁机构。高电压互锁机构包括安全电路，所述安全电路被设计为：防止高电压电源(诸如，电池)通电，直到所有接入点和连接闭合时为止，并且在任何接入点或连接断开的情况下立即使该电源断电。具有高电压互锁机构的电气化车辆要求所述机构在高电压可被施加到高电压总线154之前被激活。然而，未激活的高电压互锁机构无需确保对位于高电压总线154上的组件内存储的能量完全放电，从而在高电压总线154上仍可存在高电压。
控制器100可被配置为在各种状况下监测辅助电池130的状态并请求来自牵引电池124的能量传输以对辅助电池130进行充电。在一些配置中，控制器100可将辅助电池130的电压与辅助电池的低电压限制进行比较。响应于辅助电池电压小于辅助电池的低电压限制，控制器100可请求来自牵引电池124的能量传输。在一些配置中，控制器100可将辅助电池荷电状态与辅助电池荷电状态限制进行比较。响应于辅助电池荷电状态小于辅助电池低荷电状态限制，控制器100可请求来自牵引电池124的能量传输。控制器100可监测点火装置断开状况期间的状态。为了减少控制器100在点火装置断开状况期间的电力消耗，控制器100可被配置为周期性地唤醒以检查辅助电池130的状态。周期性唤醒可以是基于固定的内部计时器的，或者，可基于接收到来自与控制器100进行通信的移动装置214的信号。
从牵引电池124到辅助电池130的能量传输被禁止的状况可包括牵引电池电压小于预定电压。该状况还可包括牵引电池荷电状态小于预定荷电状态。预定电压和预定荷电状态可以是出于性能或电池寿命的考虑而不操作牵引电池124的水平。其它状况可包括禁止牵引电池124的操作的诊断状况。在一些配置中，与DC/DC转换器模块128有关的诊断状况可禁止能量的传输。低电压警报可以以不能从牵引电池124传输能量为条件。在牵引电池电压小于预定高电压电池阈值、辅助电池电压小于辅助电池阈值并且车辆的燃料箱里有燃料的情况下，控制器100可输出信号以启动发动机，从而对牵引电池124和辅助电池130进行充电。
响应于对在点火装置断开期间来自牵引电池124的能量传输的请求，接触器142可被闭合以将牵引电池124连接至DC/DC转换器128，且最终连接至辅助电池130。当在高电压总线154上存在高电压时，高电压指示器将被激活。在一些配置中，闭合接触器142可激活DC/DC转换器128的操作。在一些配置中，在接触器142闭合之后，控制器100可经由一个或更多个控制信号管理并控制DC/DC转换器128的操作。该请求可在车辆处于点火开关断开或点火装置断开状态时发生。
控制器100可包括处理器200，处理器200控制控制器100的至少一部分操作。处理器200允许对命令和例程的车载处理。处理器200可连接至非持久性存储器202和持久性存储器204。在该示意性配置中，非持久性存储器202是随机存取存储器(RAM)，持久性存储器204是闪存。一般而言，持久性(非暂时性)存储器204可包括在计算机或其它装置掉电时保存数据的所有形式的存储器。
处理器200可连接至模数转换器206，模数转换器206被配置为将模拟信号转换为数字形式。例如，用于电流和电压传感器信号的接口电路207的输出可连接至A/D转换器206以输入到处理器200。
车辆112可包括指示器110(例如，灯(发光的装置，包括白炽灯)、真空荧光显示器(VFD)、发光二极管(LED)或显示屏的一部分)，指示器110被配置为指示高电压总线154上存在高电压。指示器110可在车辆112内(诸如，在车辆仪表盘上)，使得当指示器110被点亮时，来自发光装置的光波对于车辆112的内部和外部两者可见。当操作者未在车辆112附近时，可期望提供指示的不同方式。控制器110可被配置为：在点火装置断开周期期间，响应于在从牵引电池124到辅助电池130的能量传输期间高电压总线154上的存在高电压，输出高电压指示。
连同指示器110一起，信息娱乐***、发动机或仪表组216可被用于通过经由I/O方框209(诸如，连接至串行通信模块218的串行通信总线)发送信号来指示高电压总线154上存在高电压。作为高电压总线154上存在高电压的指示，信息娱乐***可启动蜂鸣器或扬声器以输出声波。作为高电压总线154上存在高电压的指示，仪表组216可点亮或通电。仪表组216的点亮可包括点亮指示器(诸如，白炽灯泡、真空荧光显示器(VFD)、发光二极管(LED)或显示屏的一部分)。作为高电压总线154上存在高电压的指示，发动机118可运行以产生与发动机的运行关联的振动和声音。
控制器100可包括无线通信模块208，以与远离车辆112的移动装置214(例如，智能电话、智能手表、电子输入板、计算机)进行通信。无线通信模块208可包括具有天线的车载调制解调器，以与非车载装置214进行通信。无线通信模块208可以是蜂窝通信装置，以启用经由蜂窝数据网络212的通信。无线通信模块208可以是与IEEE 802.11标准族(即，WiFi)或WiMax网络兼容的无线局域网(LAN)装置。无线通信模块208可包括基于车辆的无线路由器，以允许在本地路由器的范围内连接到远程网络210。无线通信模块208可被配置为与移动装置214(例如，电话、平板电脑、计算机)建立通信。移动装置214可连接至外部网络210。控制器100可被配置为在与选择的无线通信模式兼容的硬件和软件中实现适当的通信协议。尽管无线通信模块208被描绘为控制器100的一部分，但是无线通信模块208可以是车辆112内的不同的控制器的一部分，并且控制器100可经由串行通信总线与不同的控制器接口连接。
高电压指示可经由无线通信模块208被传送到移动装置214。移动装置214可包括处理器以及关联的易失性存储器和非易失性存储器，关联的易失性存储器和非易失性存储器被配置为存储并执行程序或应用。例如，移动装置214可执行应用(诸如，我的福特移动(My Ford Mobile))，所述应用被配置为在移动装置214与车辆112之间传输与车辆有关的状态和命令。在一些配置中，移动装置214可包括网页浏览器应用。可经由基于网页的界面与车辆112建立通信。移动装置214可接收包括高电压指示的通信。移动装置214可在与移动装置214关联的显示屏上向操作者显示高电压指示。当接收到高电压指示时，操作者可对行动路线做出决定。
移动装置214可包括指示高电压指示的各种方式。应用可作为后台任务运行并且周期性地监测接收到的消息。当包括高电压指示的消息被接收时，可生成通知。所述通知可中断当前运行的应用。此外，如果移动装置214处于休眠状态，则应用可唤醒移动装置214以指示高电压指示。该应用可利用视觉指示(例如，发光装置的点亮、发光装置的闪烁、仪表组216的点亮、使仪表组216通电、显示屏上的消息或闪烁灯光)、听觉指示(例如，通过扬声器或蜂鸣器发出的声音)和/或触觉指示(例如，移动装置214的振动)来指示高电压指示。
响应于高电压指示，操作者可访问车辆112并启动发动机118持续一段时间，以允许牵引电池124和辅助电池130再充电。电池管理***可被配置为确保当牵引电池124和辅助电池130中剩余足够能量以启动车辆112时发出低电压警报。牵引电池124的荷电状态可使得足以启动发动机118的能量的量存储在牵引电池124内。辅助电池130的电压和荷电状态可使得足以为点火装置断开负载供电持续预定时间的能量的量存储在辅助电池130内。
在一些配置中，由移动装置214执行的应用可为操作者提供用于远程启动发动机118的选项。响应于接收到高电压指示，操作者可经由由移动装置214执行的应用命令点火装置接通。控制器100可被配置为接收点火装置接通命令并在车辆112内发出指令以启动发动机118。控制器100可命令电力电子模块126和电机114运行以产生电力。控制器100可使发动机118保持在运行状况，直到牵引电池124已经达到预定的荷电状态和/或电压并且辅助电池130已经达到预定的荷电状态和/或电压时为止。或者，控制器100可使发动机118在预定时间(诸如，15分钟)内保持在运行状况。当电池124、130被充分地充电时，控制器100可发出指令，以使发动机118停止并返回到点火装置断开状况。可实现其它状况以能够启动发动机118。例如，在启动发动机118之前，控制器100可确定车辆112处于通风区域且有足够的燃料是可用的。
在一些配置中，控制器100可被配置为响应于高电压指示而自动启动发动机。该选项可以是可由操作者进行配置的。高电压指示还可连同发动机状态指示一起被输出。在电动车辆配置中，假如充电器138连接至车辆112并且是可操作的，则操作者可能能够远程地命令高电压总线154上存在高电压、高电压指示和车辆112的充电。在其它电动车辆配置中，当充电器138是连接的且可操作的时，高电压总线154上存在高电压、高电压指示和牵引电池124的充电可自动发生。
低电压警报策略可适用于包括牵引电池124和辅助电池130的任何车辆。例如，电动车辆可包括辅助电池130以保持与低电压组件的兼容性。电动车辆或插电式混合动力电动车辆可在未使用时间段期间被放置在充电器138上。由于可能存在充电器138和/或外部电源136不起作用的情况，所以低电压策略仍然是适用的。低电压警报用于提醒操作者***充电连接器140或者以其它方式确认充电设备138的操作。在充电器138是连接的且可操作的情况下，由于辅助电池130可被充电到在警告阈值之上的水平，所以可不发出低电压警报。
当辅助电池130已被再充电到预定电压水平或预定荷电状态水平以上时，低电压警报可被清除。所述水平可大于电压或荷电状态阈值，低于所述电压或荷电状态阈值时会产生低电压警报。当禁止从牵引电池124的能量传输的状况不再存在时，低电压警报可被清除。
所描述的功能可在单个控制器100中被实现，或者，所述功能可在多个控制器中被实现。在具有多个控制器的***中，数据可经由串行通信总线在控制器之间被传送。示出和描述的组件可连接至多个控制器中的一个或更多个。
在此公开的处理、方法或算法可被传送到处理装置、控制器或计算机或者通过处理装置、控制器或计算机实现，其中，处理装置、控制器或计算机可包括任何现有的可编程电子控制单元或者专用的电子控制单元。类似地，所述处理、方法或算法可被存储为可通过控制器或计算机以多种形式执行的数据和指令，包括但不限于永久地存储在不可写存储介质(诸如，ROM装置)中的信息以及可变地存储在可写存储介质(诸如，软盘、磁带、CD、RAM装置以及其它磁性介质和光学介质)中的信息。所述处理、方法或算法还可在可执行软件的对象中实施。可选地，可利用适当的硬件组件(诸如，专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、状态机、控制器或其它硬件组件或装置，或者硬件、软件和固件组件的组合)来全部或部分地实现所述处理、方法或算法。
尽管上面描述了示例性实施例，但是这些实施例并不意在描述权利要求所包含的所有可能形式。说明书中使用的词语是描述性词语而非限制性词语，并且应理解的是，可在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下做出各种改变。如前所述，可将各个实施例的特征进行组合，以形成本发明的可能未被明确描述或示出的进一步的实施例。尽管关于一个或更多个期望的特性，各个实施例可能已被描述为提供优点或者优于其它实施例或现有技术的实施方式，但是本领域普通技术人员应该认识到，一个或更多个特征或特性可被折衷，以实现依赖于特定应用和实现的期望的整体***属性。这些属性可包括但不限于成本、强度、耐用性、生命周期成本、市场性、外观、包装、尺寸、可维护性、重量、可制造性、装配容易性等。因此，针对一个或更多个特性，被描述为不如其它实施例或现有技术实施方式的实施例并非在本公开的范围之外，并且可被期望用于特定应用。

Claims (8)

1.一种车辆，包括：
牵引电池；
电压转换器，选择性地与牵引电池连接；
辅助电池，与电压转换器连接；
指示器；
控制器，被配置为：响应于经由高电压总线将牵引电池选择性地连接至电压转换器以在点火装置断开时间段期间将来自牵引电池的电流提供至辅助电池，激活指示器以指示在高电压总线上存在电压。
2.如权利要求1所述的车辆，其中，指示器是安装在车辆的仪表盘上的发光装置，其中，激活指示器包括使发光装置闪烁使得光波传播到车辆的内部和车辆的外部。
3.如权利要求1所述的车辆，所述车辆还包括仪表组，仪表组包括仪表组表面，仪表组连接至控制器，其中，指示器是仪表组的仪表组表面上的发光装置，激活指示器是点亮所述发光装置。
4.如权利要求1所述的车辆，其中，指示器是蜂鸣器，且激活指示器使得从蜂鸣器发出声波。
5.如权利要求1所述的车辆，所述车辆还包括高电压互锁机构，高电压互锁机构与电压转换器、牵引电池以及控制器相连接，并且被配置为响应于高电压互锁机构的激活而选择性地将牵引电池连接至电压转换器。
6.如权利要求1所述的车辆，所述车辆还包括无线通信模块，无线通信模块连接至控制器，其中，激活指示器包括经由无线通信模块向远离车辆的装置输出警报。
7.如权利要求6所述的车辆，所述车辆还包括发动机和电机，电机机械地连接至发动机且电连接至牵引电池，其中，控制器还被配置为：经由无线通信模块接收来自所述装置的点火装置接通请求，并且响应于所述点火装置接通请求，启动发动机并操作电机发电以对牵引电池和辅助电池进行再充电。
8.如权利要求1所述的车辆，所述车辆还包括发动机和电机，电机机械地连接至发动机且电连接至牵引电池，其中，控制器还被配置为：响应于指示器的激活以及牵引电池的荷电状态小于预定阈值，输出发动机启动信号并操作电机发电以对牵引电池和辅助电池进行再充电。
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