CN108297701A - 电动车辆的电驱动*** - Google Patents

电动车辆的电驱动*** Download PDF

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CN108297701A
CN108297701A CN201810017176.6A CN201810017176A CN108297701A CN 108297701 A CN108297701 A CN 108297701A CN 201810017176 A CN201810017176 A CN 201810017176A CN 108297701 A CN108297701 A CN 108297701A
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voltage
vehicle
side switch
inverter
converter
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CN108297701B (zh
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法扎尔·阿拉曼·塞伊德
沙雷斯·斯坎特·柯扎雷卡尔
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/15—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with additional electric power supply
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B60L2210/12—Buck converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B60L2210/14—Boost converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
    • B60L2240/526—Operating parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547—Voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本公开涉及电动车辆的电驱动***。一种车辆可包括逆变器、马达和牵引电池，其中，所述马达连接到所述逆变器，所述牵引电池连接到所述逆变器并且具有与所述逆变器的母线之间的母线电压相等的端电压，使得所述母线电压是未经调节的。所述车辆还可包括电压转换器和辅助转换器，所述电压转换器被配置为使所述端电压降低到中间总线的中间总线电压阈值以下，所述辅助转换器被配置为从所述中间总线汲取电力以向辅助负载供电。

Description

电动车辆的电驱动***
技术领域
本公开涉及用于车辆的电驱动***。
背景技术
电动车辆包括用于电力产生和推进的电机。电机可具有逆变器，以将直流转换为电机所需的交流。高电压电池或牵引电池可向牵引电机或马达供电。逆变器可包括升压转换器以使与逆变器相关联的母线的电压增大，从而保持电池供应的逆变器电压。
发明内容
一种车辆可包括逆变器、马达和牵引电池，其中，所述马达连接到所述逆变器，所述牵引电池连接到所述逆变器并且具有与所述逆变器的母线之间的母线电压相等的端电压，使得所述母线电压是未经调节的。所述车辆还可包括电压转换器和辅助转换器，所述电压转换器被配置为使所述端电压降低到中间总线的中间总线电压阈值以下，所述辅助转换器被配置为从所述中间总线汲取电力以向辅助负载供电。
一种车辆配电***可包括半桥式降压转换器，所述半桥式降压转换器被配置为：从牵引电池汲取电力，其中，所述牵引电池可电连接到逆变器母线，并且可具有与所述逆变器母线的电压相等的端电压；使所述端电压降低为用于向辅助电压调节器供电的中间总线电压，所述辅助电压调节器被配置为保持辅助总线的辅助总线电压。
一种方法可由车辆的控制器执行，并且可包括以下步骤：操作电压转换器的开关降低牵引电池的端电压，以向中间总线供电；操作逆变器的开关从牵引电池汲取与牵引电池的端电压相等的未经调节的电压，以驱动电机；并且操作辅助转换器的开关降低中间总线的中间电压，以向辅助负载供电。
附图说明
图1是具有功率分流构造的混合动力电动车辆的总览图；
图2是用于具有降压转换器的混合动力电动车辆的电驱动示意图。
具体实施方式
在此描述本公开的实施例。然而，将理解的是，所公开的实施例仅为示例，并且其它实施例可采用各种形式和替代形式。附图不必按比例绘制；可夸大或最小化一些特征以示出特定组件的细节。因此，在此公开的具体结构和功能细节不被解释为限制，而仅仅作为用于教导本领域技术人员以多种形式利用本发明的代表性基础。如本领域普通技术人员将理解的，参照任一附图示出和描述的各种特征可与在一个或更多个其它附图中示出的特征组合，以产生未明确示出或描述的实施例。示出的特征的组合提供用于典型应用的代表实施例。然而，与本公开的教导一致的特征的各种组合和变型可被期望用于特定的应用或实施方式。
混合动力车辆和电动车辆具有用于向电机提供电力并从电机接收电力的电驱动***。电机可以是牵引马达、发电机或二者的组合。电驱动***可包括高电压电池或牵引电池。牵引电池可被配置为直接提供逆变器所需的电压。意思是，逆变器的母线在没有升压转换器的情况下连接到电池。如今，较高电压的电池使得标准辅助负载转换器(比如，电空调、辅助电压总线)不能按照标准配置的要求降低电压。为了保持需要的辅助负载处的电压，可变电压降压转换器可被配置为使牵引电池提供的总线电压降低，使得辅助电压转换器可在不作调整的情况下进一步降低电压。因此，在不作额外调整的情况下，电动车辆可通过提高牵引电池的端电压并且提供降压转换器来实现节省电能。
图1描绘了电气化车辆112，电气化车辆112可被称为插电式混合动力电动车辆(PHEV)。插电式混合动力电动车辆112可包括机械地连接到混合动力传动装置116的一个或更多个电机114。电机114能够作为马达或发电机运转。此外，混合动力传动装置116机械地连接到发动机118。混合动力传动装置116还机械地连接到驱动轴120，驱动轴120机械地连接到车轮122。电机114能够在发动机118开启或关闭时提供推进和减速的能力。电机114还可用作发电机，并且可通过回收在摩擦制动***中通常作为热损失的能量来提供燃料经济性效益。电机114还可通过允许发动机118以更高效的转速运转以及允许混合动力电动车辆112在特定状况下以发动机118关闭的电动模式运转来减小车辆排放。电气化车辆112还可以是电池电动车辆(BEV)。在BEV配置中，可不存在发动机118。在其它配置中，电气化车辆112可以是没有插电能力的全混合动力电动车辆(FHEV)。
牵引电池或电池组124储存可由电机114使用的能量。车辆电池组124可提供高电压直流(DC)输出。牵引电池124可电连接到一个或更多个电力电子模块126。一个或更多个接触器142可在断开时将牵引电池124与其它组件隔离，并且可在闭合时将牵引电池124连接到其它组件。电力电子模块126还电连接到电机114，并提供在牵引电池124与电机114之间双向传输能量的能力。例如，牵引电池124可提供DC电压，而电机114可利用三相交流电流(AC)来运转。电力电子模块126可将DC电压转换为三相AC电流以运转电机114。在再生模式下，电力电子模块126可将来自用作发电机的电机114的三相AC电流转换为与牵引电池124兼容的DC电压。
牵引电池124除了提供用于推进的能量之外，还可提供用于其它车辆电力***的能量。车辆112可包括DC/DC转换器模块128，DC/DC转换器模块128将牵引电池124的高电压DC输出转换为与低电压车辆负载兼容的低电压DC供应。DC/DC转换器模块128的输出可电连接至辅助电池130(例如，12V电池)，以用于对辅助电池130进行充电。低电压***可电连接至辅助电池130。降压转换器132可位于高电压总线上，以降低用于电负载146和DC/DC转换器128的总线电压。一个或更多个电负载146可连接至高电压总线。电负载146可具有适时地操作和控制电负载146的关联的控制器。电负载146的示例可以是风扇、电加热元件和/或空调压缩机。
可提供一个或更多个车轮制动器144，以用于使车辆112减速和防止车辆112移动。车轮制动器144可以是液压致动的、电致动的或前述致动方式的某种组合。车轮制动器144可以是制动***150的一部分。制动***150可包括用于操作车轮制动器144的其它组件。为了简要起见，附图描绘了制动***150与车轮制动器144中的一个之间的单一连接。隐含了制动***150与其它车轮制动器144之间的连接。制动***150可包括用于监测与协调制动***150的控制器。制动***150可监测制动组件，并且控制车轮制动器144以用于车辆减速。制动***150可对驾驶员命令做出响应，并且还可自主运转以实施诸如稳定性控制的功能。制动***150的控制器可实现在被另一控制器或子功能请求时施加请求的制动力的方法。
车辆112中的电子模块可通过一个或更多个车辆网络进行通信。车辆网络可包括多个用于通信的信道。车辆网络的一个信道可以是诸如控制器局域网(CAN)的串行总线。车辆网络的信道中的一个可包括由电气与电子工程师协会(IEEE)802标准族定义的以太网。车辆网络的其它信道可包括模块之间的离散连接，并可包括来自辅助电池130的电力信号。不同的信号可通过车辆网络的不同信道进行传输。例如，视频信号可通过高速信道(例如，以太网)进行传输，而控制信号可通过CAN或离散信号进行传输。车辆网络可包括辅助在模块之间传输信号和数据的任何硬件组件和软件组件。车辆网络未在图1中示出，但是可隐含车辆网络可连接到存在于车辆112中的任何电子模块。可存在车辆***控制器(VSC)148以协调各个组件的操作。
现参照图2，示出了用于车辆112的配电***。配电***具有连接到逆变器126的母线(rail)180的高电压牵引电池124。母线180具有与牵引电池124的端子的电压相同的电压。端电压可大于500伏特。逆变器126连接到牵引马达114或发电机。电压转换器132与逆变器126以及高电压电池124并联连接。电压转换器132具有对中间总线182的输出，所述中间总线182为其它辅助负载(包括DC/DC转换器128和电空调(e-AC)压缩机的DC/DC转换器146)供电。电压转换器132可以是如图2所示的降压转换器或者本领域已知的或目前未知的另一类型的电压调节器。中间总线182可具有小于400伏特的电压。转换器128和146二者是用于附加电负载的辅助调节器。辅助调节器128和146还可以是降压转换器或者本领域已知的或目前未知的任何其它类型的电压调节器。辅助调节器可被配置为保持辅助总线的辅助总线电压，以向所述电负载供电。辅助电负载可以是需要被降低的电压的车辆空调***、加热***、信息娱乐***、车辆控制***或者其它车辆或非车辆负载。电压转换器132可包括高侧开关172和低侧开关170以及按照低通滤波器布置的***的一对电感器174与电容器178，高侧开关172和低侧开关170中的每个具有各自的反并联二极管。所述开关可以是IGBT开关或任何其它类型的半导体开关。车辆还可包括与逆变器126的母线180并联的平流电容器176，以保持母线电压。
说明书中使用的词语为描述性词语而非限制性词语，并且应理解的是，可在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下作出各种改变。如前所述，各个实施例的特征可被组合，以形成本发明的可能未被明确描述或示出的进一步的实施例。尽管各个实施例可能已被描述为提供优点或者在一个或更多个期望的特性方面优于其它实施例或现有技术的实施方式，但是本领域普通技术人员应该认识到，一个或更多个特征或特性可被折衷，以实现期望的整体***属性，期望的整体***属性取决于具体的应用和实施方式。这些属性可包括但不限于成本、强度、耐久性、生命周期成本、可销售性、外观、包装、尺寸、可维护性、重量、可制造性、装配容易性等。因此，被描述为在一个或更多个特性方面不如其它实施例或现有技术的实施方式的实施例并不在本公开的范围之外，并且可被期望用于特定的应用。

Claims (17)

1.一种车辆，包括：
逆变器；
马达，连接到所述逆变器；
牵引电池，连接到所述逆变器，并且具有与所述逆变器的母线之间的母线电压相等的端电压，使得所述母线电压是未经调节的；
电压转换器，被配置为将所述端电压降低到中间总线的中间总线电压阈值以下；
辅助转换器，被配置为从所述中间总线汲取电力以向辅助负载供电。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其中，所述电压转换器包括高侧开关和低侧开关以及按照低通滤波器输出布置的***的电感器电容器对，使得通过所述高侧开关和低侧开关的切换来调节输出电压，所述高侧开关和低侧开关中的每个具有各自的反并联二极管。
3.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其中，所述电压转换器为降压转换器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其中，所述辅助转换器为降压转换器。
5.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其中，所述中间总线电压阈值为400伏特。
6.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其中，所述端电压大于400伏特。
7.一种车辆配电***，包括：
半桥式降压转换器，被配置为：
从牵引电池汲取电力，其中，所述牵引电池电连接到逆变器母线，并且具有与所述逆变器母线的电压相等的端电压；
使所述端电压降低为用于向辅助电压调节器供电的中间总线电压，所述辅助电压调节器被配置为保持辅助总线的辅助总线电压。
8.根据权利要求7所述的车辆配电***，其中，所述端电压大于400伏特。
9.根据权利要求7所述的车辆配电***，其中，所述中间总线电压小于400伏特。
10.根据权利要求7所述的车辆配电***，其中，所述辅助总线连接到车辆空调***。
11.根据权利要求7所述的车辆配电***，其中，所述辅助总线连接到辅助电池。
12.一种方法，包括：
通过车辆的控制器执行以下操作：
对连接到牵引电池的未经调节的端电压的电压转换器和逆变器进行操作，使得所述电压转换器降低电压以供应中间总线电压，并且使得所述逆变器驱动电机；
操作辅助转换器降低所述中间总线电压，以向辅助负载供电。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中，所述电压转换器包括高侧开关和低侧开关以及按照低通滤波器输出布置的***的电感器电容器对，使得通过所述高侧开关和低侧开关的切换来调节输出电压，其中，所述高侧开关和低侧开关中的每个具有各自的反并联二极管。
14.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中，所述电压转换器为降压转换器。
15.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中，所述辅助转换器为降压转换器。
16.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中，所述中间总线具有400伏特的电压阈值。
17.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中，所述端电压大于400伏特。
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