CN106171798A - A kind of Picea Mongolica land for growing field crops, Arid Desert Area seed seedling-raising method - Google Patents
A kind of Picea Mongolica land for growing field crops, Arid Desert Area seed seedling-raising method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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Abstract
The present invention relates to fine tree species seed seedling-raising technical field, the method for Picea Mongolica land for growing field crops, a kind of Arid Desert Area seed seedling-raising, select to make and sterilization, seed treatment, sowing, field management in seedling stage and Overwintering Seedlings management with farming, seedbed including Seedling；The present invention solves in prior art only resides within greenhouse to the research experiment of Picea Mongolica or the problem of feeding block seedlings raising, cultivate in a large number for Arid Desert Area the fine tree species Picea Mongolica checked winds and fixed drifting sand provide a kind of with low cost, system is complete and comprehensive, nursery effect good, practical method for culturing seedlings, nursery stock survival rate of seedlings reaches 82～88.4%, shelter-forest is built for Arid Desert Area, preferably it is applied to improvement of the ecological environment and effective practicable guarantee is provided, provide a kind of effective method for the Picea Mongolica seedling-wood breeding in Arid Desert Area.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fine tree species seed seedling-raising technical field, particularly Desert Regions check winds and fix drifting sand fine tree species sand ground cloud
China fir land for growing field crops seed seedling-raising method.
Background technology
Picea Mongolica (Picea mongolica) belong to Pinaceae Picea aiphyllium, it is the rare rare tree in the world, is also
The endemic tree of China.Wildwood is distributed only over Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and integrated distribution is in Keshiketeng Banner.Picea Mongolica is natural
Standing forest cloth area is narrow and small, natural renovation difficulty, causes wildwood quantity to reduce, and Picea Mongolica will become China's Precious, Rare, Endangered and plant
Thing.Picea Mongolica long term growth, on arid, barren sand ground, defines the characteristic that many adaptations are arid, cold and barren.Remove
At building, aviation, shipbuilding, papermaking, plywood, Furniture manufacture, extraction mimosa extract, Colophonium and Oleum Terebinthinae aspect, there is the highest economy
Outside value, also with checking winds and fixing drifting sand, there is the important ecological value at families in West-North Desert of China shelterbelt construction.
In order to allow Picea Mongolica play a greater role in the economy and ecological construction of China.Nineteen sixty-five, Liaoning Province fixed the sand to make
Woods institute is introduced a fine variety Liaoning Province Zhang Gutai first and succeeds, and is generalized to Beijing of more than annual rainfall 300mm afterwards, exhales
With the ground such as hot, existing introduction range gradually expands.Become one of husky district, north Major Tree Species Planted.On this basis, many
Artificial breeding technology, natural renovation, afforestation technology and the eco-physiological characteristics etc. of Picea Mongolica are studied by scholar.Mesh
Before, the most substantially solve Picea Mongolica seed seedling-raising technology and afforestation technology at semiarid region.
But, in precipitation less than the arid biogeographic zone of 200mm, the desert area that especially precipitation is less, because day and night temperature is big,
Summer is hot, winter is cold, and these harsh environmental conditions bring the biggest to the seed seedling-raising of the Picea Mongolica of this area
Challenge.
Many scholars have carried out certain research to the seed seedling-raising of sandy land in the arid area PiceameyeriRehd. Et Wils..Such as: Man Duoqing is at plastics
Seed nutritional alms bowl breeding experiment has been carried out in booth；Li get Lu has carried out sowing media in flowerpot, has covered material, cladding thickness
With the seed treatment exploration on the impact of seed seedling-raising；Zhu Guoqing is to seed water suction Germination characteristics, seed germination before seed seedling-raising
Requirement, seed treatment and the nursery of salinity are covered husky thickness studied；Kang Caizhou is to seed treatment, seedbed in field seedling raising
Select and thickness of sowing is studied.More than some key links during seed seedling-raising or the factor are mainly entered by research
Go research, lack systematicness；And some experiment is to carry out or feeding block seedlings raising in greenhouse, relatively costly, so, visit
The method of PiceameyeriRehd. Et Wils. land for growing field crops, the sandy land in the arid area seed seedling-raising of a kind of with low cost, system of rope is necessary.
State Administration of Forestry's industry special project project in 2010, " Arid Desert Area Picea Mongolica introduced a fine variety skill of breeding and afforest in our unit
Art research and demonstration " support under, according to Picea Mongolica physio-ecology characterristics, in conjunction with Arid Desert Area ecological environmental condition, logical
Cross repeatedly the research of some guardian techniques during the experiment of land for growing field crops seed seedling-raising and nursery, a condensed Arid Desert Area sand ground cloud
The technology of China fir land for growing field crops seed seedling-raising, provides one for Picea Mongolica at the seedling-wood breeding of Arid Desert Area and the research and development of afforestation technology
Effective method.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Picea Mongolica land for growing field crops, Arid Desert Area seed seedling-raising method, in order in arid
This excellent seeds of checking winds and fixing drifting sand are cultivated, in a large number for Arid Desert Area shelter-forest and improvement of the ecological environment service by husky district.
In order to realize described purpose, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is as follows: a kind of Picea Mongolica land for growing field crops, Arid Desert Area kind
The method of sub-nursery, selects to make and sterilization, seed treatment, sowing, field management in seedling stage and children with farming, seedbed including Seedling
Seedling overwinter management；Concrete steps include:
1. Seedling ground selects and farming
1.1 Seedlings ground: Seedling ground soil selects soil thickness to be 30～35cm, fertile, aeration and the good sandy loam of water penetration；Keep away
Serious farmland is infected as nursery as disease pest in vegetable, potato class planting site and soil before exempting to select；
1.2 nursery lot farming: nursery is deep ploughed once after autumn, the degree of depth 20～25cm, tan by the sun；Treat in 12 months, the earth in the last ten-days period seals
Water foot winter water before freezing to survive the winter；After lunar regolith defrosting in next year 3, plough shallowly, the degree of depth 15～20cm；And combine shallow plowing disposably use sufficient
Base manure, base manure is cattle, sheep stool totally 1500～3000kg/ mus and the carbamide 15～20kg/ mu become thoroughly decomposed, or the cattle, the sheep stool that become thoroughly decomposed are common
1500～3000kg/ mus and phosphorus diamidogen 6.7～10kg/ mu；To carry out harrowing simultaneously, a kind of farm tools, the Measures on Soil Moisture Conservation such as suppression, ground is flattened,
Accomplish that upper Panasonic is real, do not balk that the most random soil layer does not stay soil block, removes grass roots, stone and foreign material；
2. seedbed makes and sterilization
2.1 wholely: gives the nursery lot that farming is good the most wholely, to remove grass roots, stone and foreign material further, is flattened on ground；
Execute into soil according to 1000～1200kg/ mu consumptions in conjunction with whole the pesticide-clay mixture by preventing and treating subterranean pest-insect；The manufacture method of pesticide-clay mixture: press
According to Isofenphos methyl or phoxim: sand is the weight ratio mix homogeneously of 1:3；
2.2 seedbeds make: make before seedbed 5～7 days, fill vola water；Bed is to pressing east-west direction as far as possible or along equal pitch contour side
To, bed to be accomplished is straight, face flat, along whole；There are level bed, high bed and half high bed in seedbed；When level bed makes, it often regards the reality of nursery lot
Depending on situation, the longest less than 20m, wide 1m, add the 50cm broadly ridge between bed and bed, it is simple to water, play the work of isolation simultaneously
With, it is also beneficial to emerge and growth of seedling；General half high bed is than level bed high 5～10cm, and high bed is than level bed high 10～15cm, typically
Use high bed；
2.3 nursery bed disinfections: sow first 3～5 days and use FeSO4Crystal carries out nursery bed disinfection, consumption 40kg/ mu, sterilization method be by
FeSO4Crystal is made powder and is uniformly sprinkling upon on bed surface, then pours water；Or by FeSO4It is made into the aqueous solution of 0.5%, uniformly sprays
On bed surface, drench bed surface 2～3cm deep；
3. seed treatment
The selection of 3.1 seeds and remove impurity
3.1.1. seed selects: by directly gathering or introduction of method acquisition seed, use seed then as far as possible；Picea Mongolica
Seed is best in quality with white tone pile of stones nature reserve area, Keshiketeng Banner, the Inner Mongol；
3.1.2 remove impurity: before sowing, divides seed in laboratory table or concrete floor, removes big cobble, foreign material and branch；Will
Clean seed topped up with water placed in the vessel, stirs 5～7 minutes, removes seed shrivelled on the water surface, take bottom after liquid surface static
Full seed；
The sterilization of 3.2 seeds and accelerating germination: seed full after remove impurity is immersed in mass percent concentration 0.5% potassium permanganate
In solution, wash 3～5 times with clear water after sterilization 15～20min, then seed to be sowed is placed in the gunnysack keeping moistening and urges
Bud 4～6 days, the seed to more than 60% is sowed after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
4. sowing
4.1 sowing times: Hexi prefecture was sowed in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May；Sowing nursery stock growth cycle is long around here, lignifying
Degree is high, beneficially Overwintering Seedlings；
4.2 sowings: use drilling, on ready seedbed, first open 10cm width, seed furrow deep for about 1cm with intertilling hoe,
Ditch spacing 20～25cm, is sprinkling upon in seed furrow uniformly by the seed having urged bud；Application rate 38.7～40kg/ mu；
4.3 earthing: fix the earthing standard rope of two a diameter of 0.4～0.5cm along seedbed length direction, be covered with at seed furrow
Sandy soil, thickness 0.4～0.6cm, accomplish uniformity；Suppress with Repressing roller after earthing, spray water for the first time therewith；And to spray
The seed exposed after water is with little sieve after-culture；
4.4 build sunshade net: sowing earthing builds sunshade net after completing at once, sunshade net build the most overhead 100～
120cm, in order to weeding, apply fertilizer, spray the farm work such as medicine management；
4.5 Radix Saposhnikoviaes: according to the size of nursery lot, arrange one windbreak every 10～30m in nursery lot.
5. seedling field management
The management in 5.1 seeding stages
5.1.1 moisture Control: when seedbed table soil is dried, spray water in right amount, the most repeatedly, is advisable with bed surface not water；The temperature of water spray
Degree is close to room temperature；The most handy river is sprayed；When kind bud starts to break ground, during during morning 8～10 or afternoon 5～8, suitably to increase water
Amount, and eliminate hardening layer in time；
5.1.2 temperature controls: bed surface temperature reaches 30 DEG C, need to water water for cooling immediately；
5.1.3 prevention of damage by disease: spray weekly the Bordeaux mixture protective agent of a time 0.5～1% after emerging, spray 3～5 times；Emerge 3～5
In week, with the fenaminosulf of mass percent 0.5% or the thiophanate methyl of copperas solution homogenous quantities percentage ratio 0.5% or
Many bacterium of 0.5% are used alternatingly clearly, within every 3～5 days, spray bed surface once, prevent and treat type disease of dampinging off and occur；After growth of seedling January,
Increasing dose, to 1.0%, alternately sprays above-mentioned medicament for every 7～10 days, the vertical withered type disease of preventing and treating；
The management of 5.2 Seedling Stages
5.2.1 water and fertilizer management: fertilising initial time is 15～20 days of Qi Miaohou；Use water spray fertilization method, execute carbamide, quality
Percent concentration ＜ 0.3%；
5.2.2 Radix Saposhnikoviae: firming of spraying water when blowing, prevents the grains of sand to hinder Seedling；
5.2.3 preventing disease and pest: can be watered to specifications by the Emulsion such as Isofenphos methyl or phoxim, pouring carries out parasite killing；Perfusion
Before prick hole in advance, then the medicine prepared to specifications is poured in hole, waters immediately after perfusion permeable 2～3 times, perfusion, water
All mornings at fine day are carried out；
The most anti-day burns: when surface temperature is higher than 30 DEG C, need spray cooling immediately；
5.2.5 filling the gaps with seedlings: after emerging 20～30 days, carry out after-culture with sprigging device at disconnected ridge of being short of seedling, a close benefit is dilute；
The management of 5.3 Fast-growing stage
5.3.1 water and fertilizer management: initial time about at the beginning of 7 months, sprayed once every 7～10 days later, with carbamide as standard, uses
Amount, with 6.67kg/ mu as radix, enriches 0.667kg/ mu for each issue, is incremented by by the phase, and last mixes the calcium superphosphate executing equivalent；Execute stopping
Nitrogenous fertilizer 15～start to impose potassium dihydrogen phosphate in 30 days, mass percent concentration 0.3%～1%, consumption with blade face uniformly fertile i.e.
Can；Time is advisable time big with morning, late or cloudy air humidity, every 7～10 days once, uses 2～3 times；Stop for 7 the end of month imposing
Nitrogenous fertilizer, early August stopping is poured water, and stops application of phosphoric acid potassium dihydrogen mid-September, meanwhile, withdraws sunshade net；
5.3.2 thinning: early July, for the first time thinning, pull out disease, Seedling weak, residual；Late July, for the second time thinning, conserved density
It is 233450 plants/acre～266800 plants/acre, close stays even, bad stay excellent, extract with root and do not stay stubble；
5.3.3 the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: place rat poison around nursery lot, with rat preservative；Find the ground such as chafer, black cutworm
Lower insect, available Isofenphos methyl or Phoxim emulsion are watered to specifications, carry out perfusion parasite killing；Hole is pricked in advance before perfusion,
Medicine is poured in hole, after perfusion, to water permeable 1～2 time；
5.3.4 loosen the soil, weeding: according to precipitation event, timely chesson, deep 2cm～3cm, weed out the rank grass；
The management of 5.4 nursery stock hardening periods
Nursery stock hardening period, starts from first arrival early November in October, and this period, seedling growth is slow, stops pouring water and applying fertilizer,
Pour water with 3～5 second generations of loosening the soil during nursery lot arid, remove weeds simultaneously；Late October to early November uses fumigation to prevent
Early frost endangers；
6. Overwintering Seedlings management
Early November, statistics Seedling ground nursery stock quantity, then water foot winter water, use mounding survive the winter, bury soil thickness 15～
20cm；Soil moisture content keeps 50%～60%, and soil is stacked naturally, claps broken gently by soil block excessive for surface, is never clapped by soil
Real, prevent the seedling that suffocates；After having buried soil, it is arranged around fence in nursery, prevents domestic animal and rabbit harm, outside fence, place mouse
Medicine, Mouse trap and rabbit catcher；Excavate in Second Year 4～May and bury soil, add up survival rate of seedlings.
The present invention solves in prior art only resides within greenhouse to the research experiment of Picea Mongolica or nutritive cube is educated
The problem of Seedling, cultivates the fine tree species Picea Mongolica checked winds and fixed drifting sand in a large number and provides a kind of with low cost, system for Arid Desert Area
Complete and comprehensive, nursery effect good, practical method for culturing seedlings, nursery stock survival rate of seedlings reaches 82～88.4%, for Arid Desert Area build
Shelter-forest, is preferably applied to improvement of the ecological environment and provides effective practicable guarantee, for Picea Mongolica in Arid Desert Area
Seedling-wood breeding provides a kind of effective method.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1；
1. Seedling ground selects and farming
1.1 Seedling ground select: selecting the nursery lot 2 mu in the raw botanical garden of Minqin desert in April, 2010, soil is sandy loam；
1.2 nursery lot farming: after choosing nursery lot, deep plough once on October 20th, 2010, and then degree of depth 20cm tans by the sun.December
Within 17th, water foot winter water to survive the winter.On March 26th, 2011 ploughs shallowly, degree of depth 15cm；In conjunction with shallow plowing basal dressing, base manure is become thoroughly decomposed
Cattle, each 1800kg of sheep stool, carbamide 35kg；Then carry out harrowing, a kind of farm tools and suppression, ground is flattened, removes grass roots, stone miscellaneous with other
Thing.
2. seedbed makes
2.1 wholely: on the nursery lot that farming is good, the most wholely, removes the foreign material such as grass roots and stone, is flattened on ground, and whole
While ground, pesticide-clay mixture 2000kg is manured into soil.According to Isofenphos methyl: sand is the proportional arrangement pesticide-clay mixture of 500kg:1500kg,
April 6 ploughed shallowly.
The making in seedbed: behind whole good ground, filled vola water April 7.April 14 made seedbed, used high bed, and bed is to thing
Direction, height of bed 15cm, long 15m, wide 1m, add the little ridge of 50cm width between bed and bed, it is simple to water, play the effect of isolation simultaneously.Bed
Husky 15cm is covered in face.
2.3 nursery bed disinfections: seedbed is carried out disinfection by April 21, by the FeSO of 80kg4Crystal is made powder and is uniformly sprinkling upon
On bed surface, then pour water；
3. seed treatment
3.1. the selection of seed and remove impurity
3.1.1. seed selects: on October 21st, 2010 gathers sand ground in white tone pile of stones nature reserve area, Keshiketeng Banner, the Inner Mongol
PiceameyeriRehd. Et Wils. seed 120kg, then natural air drying, it is contained in gunnysack standby.
3.1.2 remove impurity: on April 19th, 2011, seed to be sowed is divided in laboratory table, remove big cobble, miscellaneous
Thing and branch, be then placed on topped up with water in vat by clean seed, stirs 5min, after liquid surface static, removes on the water surface shrivelled
Seed, seed full bottom taking-up.
The sterilization of 3.2 seeds and accelerating germination
It is to use after sterilization 15min in 0.5% potassium permanganate solution that seed full after remove impurity is immersed in mass percent concentration
Clear water is cleaned 3 times, then seed to be sowed keeps accelerating germination 6 days in the gunnysack moistened, broadcasts after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally to more than 60% seed
Kind.
4. sowing
4.1 sowing times: start sowing on April 26th, 2011；
4.2 sowings: use drilling, on ready seedbed, first open 10cm width, seed furrow deep for about 1cm with intertilling hoe,
Ditch spacing 20cm, is sprinkling upon in seed furrow uniformly by the seed having urged bud, and 80kg is sowed on 2 mu of ground altogether；
4.3 earthing: after planting, fix the earthing standard rope of two a diameter of 0.4cm, with in ground, garden along seedbed length direction
Soil, sieve earthing with earthing；Thickness 0.4cm, accomplishes uniformity.Suppress with Repressing roller after earthing, spray water for the first time therewith,
Simultaneously to the little sieve after-culture of seed exposed after water spray；
4.4 build sunshade net: on April 27th, 2011, build sunshade net after having sowed at once, and length 20m of sunshade net is wide
Degree 2m, sunshade net builds the most overhead 120cm, in order to weeding, applies fertilizer, spray the measures such as medicine；
4.5 Radix Saposhnikoviaes: on April 27th, 2011, set the plastic sand blocking grid Radix Saposhnikoviae the most vertical with wind direction every 30m in ground, garden
Barrier.
5. seedling field management
The management in 5.1 seeding stages
5.1.1 moisture Control: in 1 month after 27 days April in 2011, when seedbed table soil is dried, sprays water in right amount, the most repeatedly,
It is advisable with bed surface not water.Water spray draws up from well, shines and uses to real during room temperature, when kind bud starts to break ground, to fit at 5 o'clock of afternoon
When increasing irrigation amount, and eliminate hardening layer in time.
5.1.2 temperature controls: place thermometer, if bed surface temperature reaches 30 DEG C, fall of watering immediately on surface, seedbed
Temperature；
5.1.3 prevention of damage by disease: on May 28th, 2011 starts, the Bordeaux mixture protective agent of spray one time 0.5%, sprays 5 times weekly；Go out
Seedling, in 3 weeks, is used alternatingly with fenaminosulf homogenous quantities percentage ratio 0.5% thiophanate methyl of mass percent 0.5%, spray in every 3 days
Execute bed surface once, prevent and treat type disease of dampinging off and occur.After June 20, increasing dose, to 1.0%, alternately sprays above-mentioned medicine in every 7 days
Agent, the vertical withered type disease of preventing and treating.
5.2 the management of Seedling Stage
5.2.1 water and fertilizer management: on June 14th, 2011 starts to spray carbamide, and mass percent concentration is 0.3%, weekly spray 1 time,
Spray in the evening, now height of seedling 2-3cm；
5.2.2 Radix Saposhnikoviae: between in June, 2011 to July, if blown, in time to Seedling ground firming of spraying water, prevents the grains of sand to hinder Seedling；
5.2.3 preventing disease and pest: when Seedling Stage finds the insect such as chafer, Formica fusca, hole, root can be pricked discontinuously in seedbed
According to description requirement, it is watered pouring with Isofenphos methyl Emulsion and carries out parasite killing.To water after perfusion permeable 3 times, all in the morning of fine day
Morning is carried out；
The most anti-day burns: during nursery, finds when the temperature in face, seedbed is higher than 30 DEG C, spray cooling immediately；
5.2.5 fill the gaps with seedlings: 19 to 20 June in 2011, at disconnected ridge of being short of seedling, carry out after-culture with sprigging device, a close benefit
Dilute.
5.3 the management of Fast-growing stage
5.3.1 water and fertilizer management: on July 8th, 2011 rises, and sprays once every 10 days, with carbamide as standard, first time July 8,
Consumption is 6.67kg/ mu, July 18, and for the second time, consumption is 7.337/ mu, July 28, for the third time, and dense with 8.004kg/ mu
Degree is mixed executes equivalent nitrogenous fertilizer and calcium superphosphate.August 24, impose potassium dihydrogen phosphate, with the method for foliage-spray, quality hundred for the first time
Proportion by subtraction concentration 0.5%, is advisable time big in morning, late or cloudy air humidity, JIUYUE 2 days, and second time imposes potassium dihydrogen phosphate.JIUYUE 11
Day, third time imposes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and August 8, stopping was poured water；JIUYUE 15 days, withdraws sunshade net.
5.3.2 thinning: thinning for the first time on July 2, July 24, thinning for the second time, conserved density is for pressing bed surface area
Calculate 233450 plants/acre, close stay even, bad stay excellent, extract with root and do not stay stubble.
5.3.3 the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: in July to October, finds chafer, black cutworm and Formica fusca increasing number, insect
Movable place is pricked at hole 36 altogether, and degree of depth 15cm uses Isofenphos methyl Emulsion three times in July 21, August 26, JIUYUE the morning of 28 days
Being watered (according to product description ratio), pouring carries out parasite killing, to water permeable after each perfusion；Meanwhile, in rectangular nursery
Place around ground at rat poison 16, with rat preservative.
5.3.4 loosen the soil, weeding: July 13, August 9 and JIUYUE 29 days, use hoe chesson, degree of depth 3cm, July 3
Day, August 19 and JIUYUE uprooting weed on the 21st 3 times.
The management of 5.4 nursery stock hardening periods
October 8, October 23 and November 2 loosen the soil respectively, degree of depth 3cm；October 16 and each weeding one on November 4
Secondary；Wheat straw of burning respectively on October 24 and November 6 manufactures smog and prevents early frost from endangering.
6. Overwintering Seedlings management
November 8, statistics Seedling ground nursery stock quantity is 466900 strains, and then average height 5.3cm is watered foot winter water, used November 9
Mounding is survived the winter, and buries soil thickness 20cm；Soil moisture content is 55%, and soil is stacked naturally, by soil block excessive for surface gently
Clap broken can bury soil after, November 10, place with chain link fence around nursery, prevent domestic animal and rabbit harm, place
At rat poison 5, mouse and rabbit catcher 10.Soil is excavated by April 21st, 2012, and statistics Seedling ground nursery stock amount of survival is
385700 strains, calculating survival rate of seedlings is 82.6%.
Embodiment 2；
1. Seedling ground selects and farming
1.1 Seedling ground select: select the Picea Mongolica nursery lot 1 mu of Minqin County of Gansu comprehensive sand control experimental station, soil in April, 2011
For sandy loam；
1.2 nursery lot farming: on October 22nd, 2011, nursery lot was deep ploughed once, then degree of depth 15cm tans by the sun.December waters on the 21st
Foot winter water is survived the winter.On March 26th, 2012 ploughs shallowly, degree of depth 15cm；In conjunction with shallow plowing basal dressing, base manure is cattle, the sheep stool become thoroughly decomposed
Each 800kg, carbamide 17kg；Remaining is with embodiment 1.
2. seedbed makes
2.1 wholely: according to phoxim: the weight ratio of sand is the proportional arrangement pesticide-clay mixture of 300kg:900kg, altogether 1200kg pesticide-clay mixture
Being manured into soil, remaining is with embodiment 1；
The making in 2.2 seedbeds: behind whole good ground, filled vola water April 8.April 14 made seedbed, used high bed, and seedbed is by east
West is to setting, height of bed 15cm；Remaining is with embodiment 1；
2.3 nursery bed disinfections: seedbed is carried out disinfection by April 21, by 40kg FeSO4Crystal is made powder and is uniformly sprinkling upon bed surface
On, then pour water.
3. seed treatment
3.1. the selection of seed and remove impurity
3.1.1. seed selects: on October 24th, 2011 gathers sand ground in white tone pile of stones nature reserve area, Keshiketeng Banner, the Inner Mongol
PiceameyeriRehd. Et Wils. seed 50kg, then natural air drying, it is contained in gunnysack standby；
3.1.2 remove impurity: on April 21st, 2012, divide in laboratory table by seed to be sowed, removes big cobble, foreign material and
Branch, is then placed on topped up with water in vat by clean seed, stirs 10min, and remaining is with embodiment 1；
The sterilization of 3.2 seeds and accelerating germination
Use clear after seed full after remove impurity is immersed in mass percent concentration 0.5% potassium permanganate solution sterilization 15min
Water is cleaned 5 times, then seed to be sowed keeps accelerating germination 4 days in the gunnysack moistened, sows after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally to 60% seed.
4. sowing
4.1 sowing times: start sowing on April 26th, 2012；
4.2 sowings: with embodiment 1；
4.3 earthing: with embodiment 1；
4.4 build sunshade net: on April 29th, 2012, build sunshade net after having sowed at once, and length 20m of sunshade net is wide
Degree 4m, sunshade net builds the most overhead 100cm, in order to weeding, applies fertilizer, spray the measures such as medicine；
4.5 Radix Saposhnikoviaes: on April 29th, 2012, set the plastic sand blocking grid Radix Saposhnikoviae the most vertical with wind direction every 20m in ground, garden
Barrier；
5. seedling field management
5.1 the management in seeding stage
5.1.1 moisture Control: in 1 month after 29 days April in 2012, when seedbed table soil is dried, sprays water in right amount, the most repeatedly,
With embodiment 1；
5.1.2 temperature controls: with embodiment 1；
5.1.3 prevention of damage by disease: on May 28th, 2012 starts, the Bordeaux mixture protective agent of spray one time 0.8%, sprays 3 times weekly；Go out
Seedling, in 4 weeks, alternately makes with the thiophanate methyl of the fenaminosulf homogenous quantities percent concentration 0.5% of mass percent concentration 0.5%
With, within every 3 days, spray bed surface once, prevent and treat type disease of dampinging off and occur.After June 22, increasing dose is to 1.0%, and every 9 days alternately
Spray above-mentioned medicament, the vertical withered type disease of preventing and treating.
5.2 the management of Seedling Stage
5.2.1 water and fertilizer management: on June 16th, 2012 starts to spray carbamide, and mass percent concentration is 0.3%, weekly spray 1 time,
Spray in the evening, now height of seedling 2-3cm；
5.2.2 Radix Saposhnikoviae: with embodiment 1；
5.2.3 preventing disease and pest: with embodiment 1；
The most anti-day burns: with embodiment 1；
5.2.5 fill the gaps with seedlings: 20 to 22 June in 2012, at disconnected ridge of being short of seedling, carry out after-culture with sprigging device, a close benefit
Dilute.
5.3 the management of Fast-growing stage
5.3.1 water and fertilizer management: on July 5th, 2012 rises, and sprays once every 10 days, with carbamide as standard, first time July 5,
Consumption is 6.67kg/ mu, July 15, and for the second time, consumption is 7.337/ mu, July 25, for the third time, and dense with 8.004kg/ mu
Nitrogenous fertilizer and the calcium superphosphate of equivalent is executed in degree mixing.August 23, impose potassium dihydrogen phosphate, with the method for foliage-spray, matter for the first time
Amount percent concentration 0.8%, is advisable time big in morning, late or cloudy air humidity, JIUYUE 2 days, and second time imposes potassium dihydrogen phosphate.9
The moon 12, third time imposes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and August 10, stopping was poured water；JIUYUE 14 days, withdraws sunshade net.
5.3.2 thinning: thinning for the first time on July 3, July 26, thinning for the second time, conserved density is for based on bed surface area
Calculate 25360 plants/acre, remaining same embodiment 1；
5.3.3 the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: in July to December, finds chafer, black cutworm and Formica fusca increasing number, in pest activity
Place prick at hole 16 altogether, degree of depth 20cm, use Isofenphos methyl Emulsion three times the morning of 30 days in July 23, August 28, JIUYUE
Being watered (according to product description ratio), pouring carries out parasite killing, to water permeable after each perfusion；Meanwhile, in rectangular nursery
Place around ground at rat poison 12, with rat preservative.
5.3.4 loosen the soil, weeding: respectively in July 13, August 9 and JIUYUE 29 days, use hoe chesson, degree of depth 3cm,
July 3, August 19 and JIUYUE uprooting weed on the 21st 3 times.
The management of 5.4 nursery stock hardening periods
October 7, October 21 and November 3 loosen the soil 3 times altogether, degree of depth 2cm；October 15 and each weeding on November 6 are once；10
Wheat straw of burning respectively on the moon 22 and November 7 manufactures smog and prevents early frost from endangering；
6. Overwintering Seedlings management
November 8, statistics Seedling ground nursery stock quantity is 253460, and then average height 5.5cm is watered foot winter water, used November 9
Mounding is survived the winter, and buries soil thickness 15cm；Soil moisture content keeps 60%, and soil is stacked naturally, by light for soil block excessive for surface
Pat broken can bury soil after, November 12, place with chain link fence around nursery, prevent domestic animal and rabbit harm, put
Put at rat poison 4, mouse and rabbit catcher 6.Soil is excavated by April 28th, 2013, and statistics Seedling ground nursery stock amount of survival is
224100 strains, calculating survival rate of seedlings is 88.4%.
Embodiment 3；
1. Seedling ground selects and farming
1.1 Seedling ground select: selecting the nursery lot 0.5 mu at sand control station, Jinta County in April, 2012, soil is sandy loam；
1.2 nursery lot farming: after choosing nursery lot, deep plough once on October 22nd, 2012, and then degree of depth 25cm tans by the sun.December
Within 24th, water foot winter water to survive the winter.On March 22nd, 2013 ploughs shallowly, degree of depth 20cm；In conjunction with shallow plowing basal dressing, base manure is the cattle become thoroughly decomposed
Excrement 600kg, sheep stool 800kg, phosphorus diamidogen 4kg；Remaining is with embodiment 1；
2. seedbed makes
2.1 wholely: April 5 ploughed shallowly, and executes the pesticide-clay mixture 600kg of preventing and treating subterranean pest-insect into soil, is flattened on ground；Pesticide-clay mixture
Configuration part by weight is phoxim: sand=150kg:450kg；
The making in 2.2 seedbeds: April 6 filled vola water.April 12 made seedbed, used high bed, and bed is to east-west direction, the height of bed
15cm, long 15m, wide 1m, add the little ridge of 50cm width between bed and bed；Bed surface covers husky 10cm；
2.3 nursery bed disinfections: seedbed is carried out disinfection by April 18, by 20kg FeSO4Crystal is made powder and is uniformly sprinkling upon bed surface
On, then pour water.
3. seed treatment
3.1. the selection of seed and remove impurity
3.1.1. seed selects: on October 26th, 2012 gathers sand ground in white tone pile of stones nature reserve area, Keshiketeng Banner, the Inner Mongol
PiceameyeriRehd. Et Wils. seed 30kg, then natural air drying, it is contained in gunnysack standby；
3.1.2 remove impurity: on April 18th, 2013, divide in laboratory table by seed to be sowed, removes big cobble, foreign material and
Branch, is then placed on topped up with water in vat by clean seed, stirs 8min, after liquid surface static, removes seed shrivelled on the water surface,
Take out full seed.
The sterilization of 3.2 seeds and accelerating germination:
Use clear after seed full after remove impurity is immersed in mass percent concentration 0.5% potassium permanganate solution sterilization 20min
Water is cleaned 4 times, then seed to be sowed keeps accelerating germination 4 days in the gunnysack moistened, sows after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally to more than 60% seed；
4. sowing
4.1 sowing times: start sowing on April 23rd, 2013；
4.2 sowings: use drilling, on ready seedbed, first open 10cm width, seed furrow deep for about 1cm with intertilling hoe,
Ditch spacing 20cm, is sprinkling upon the seed having urged bud uniformly in seed furrow, sows 20kg altogether；
4.3 earthing: after planting, fix the earthing standard rope of two a diameter of 0.4cm along seedbed length direction, use nursery lot
In soil, sieve earthing with earthing, thickness of earth covering 0.4cm, accomplish uniformity.Suppress with Repressing roller after earthing, spray therewith
Water for the first time, simultaneously to the little sieve after-culture of seed exposed after water spray；
4.4 build sunshade net: on April 27th, 2013, build sunshade net after having sowed at once, and length 20m of sunshade net is wide
Degree 2m, sunshade net builds the most overhead 120cm；
4.5 Radix Saposhnikoviaes: on April 27th, 2013, set the plastics tall building Zhang grid Radix Saposhnikoviae the most vertical with wind direction every 10m in ground, garden
Barrier；
5. seedling field management
The management in 5.1 seeding stages
5.1.1 moisture Control: in 1 month after 27 days April in 2013, when seedbed table soil is dried, sprays water in right amount, the most repeatedly,
It is advisable with bed surface not water.Water spray draws up from well, shines and uses to during room temperature, and when kind bud starts to break ground, 5 o'clock of afternoon is wanted suitably
Increase irrigation amount, and eliminate hardening layer in time；
5.1.2 temperature controls: with embodiment 1；
5.1.3 prevention of damage by disease: on May 28th, 2013 starts, the Bordeaux mixture of mass percent concentration 0.6% of spray is protected weekly
Protect agent, spray 3 times；In emerging 3 weeks, it is 0.5% with the fenaminosulf homogenous quantities percent concentration that mass percent concentration is 0.5%
Thiophanate methyl is used alternatingly, and within every 5 days, sprays bed surface once, prevents and treats type disease of dampinging off and occurs；.After June 26, strengthen dose
To 1.0%, within every 10 days, alternately spray above-mentioned medicament, the vertical withered type disease of preventing and treating.
The management of 5.2 Seedling Stages
5.2.1 water and fertilizer management: on June 14th, 2013 starts to spray carbamide, and mass percent concentration is 0.2%, weekly spray 1 time,
Spray in the evening, now height of seedling 2-3cm；
5.2.2 Radix Saposhnikoviae: between in June, 2013 to July, if blown, firming of spraying water in Seedling ground in time, prevent the grains of sand to hinder
Seedling；
5.2.3 preventing disease and pest: with embodiment 1；
The most anti-day burns: with embodiment 1；
5.2.5 fill the gaps with seedlings: on June 20th, 2013, carrying out after-culture with sprigging device at disconnected ridge of being short of seedling, a close benefit is dilute；
The management of 5.3 Fast-growing stage
5.3.1 water and fertilizer management: on July 8th, 2011 rises, and sprays once every 9 days, with carbamide as standard, first time July 8,
Consumption is with 6.67kg/ mu, July 17, and for the second time, consumption is with 7.337kg/ mu, and July 26, for the third time, with 8.004kg/ mu
Equivalent nitrogenous fertilizer and calcium superphosphate are executed in concentration mixing.August 22, impose potassium dihydrogen phosphate, with the method for foliage-spray, matter for the first time
Amount percent concentration 0.5%, is advisable time big in morning, late or cloudy air humidity, JIUYUE 1 day, and second time imposes potassium dihydrogen phosphate.9
The moon 11, third time imposes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and August 8, stopping was poured water；JIUYUE 12 days, withdraws sunshade net.
5.3.2 thinning: July 1, thinning for the first time, July 26, thinning for the second time, conserved density is for pressing bed surface area
Calculate 240120 strains/m2, remaining same embodiment 1；
5.3.3 the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: in July to October, finds chafer, black cutworm and Formica fusca increasing number, in pest activity
Place prick at hole 14 altogether, degree of depth 15cm, be watered with Phoxim emulsion for three times morning on the 23rd in July 22, August 21, JIUYUE
(being watered to specifications), pouring carries out parasite killing, to water permeable after each perfusion；Meanwhile, put around rectangular nursery lot
Put at rat poison 10, with rat preservative；
5.3.4 loosen the soil, weeding: within 22nd, loosen the soil in July 15, August 12 and JIUYUE, use hoe chesson, degree of depth 3cm, July
5 days, August 16 and JIUYUE uprooting weed on the 25th 3 times.
The management of 5.4 nursery stock hardening periods: October 8, October 19 and, November 2 and November 12 loosens the soil 4 times, deeply altogether
Degree 3cm；October 20 and each weeding on November 7 are once；Burn on October 24 and November 3 wheat straw and Sunflower Pole manufacture cigarette respectively
Mist prevents early frost from endangering；
6. Overwintering Seedlings management
November 8, statistics Seedling ground nursery stock quantity is 120060 strains, and then average height 5.6cm is watered foot winter water, used November 9
Mounding is survived the winter, and buries soil thickness 15cm；Soil moisture content is 58%, and soil is stacked naturally, by soil block excessive for surface gently
Clap broken can bury soil after, November 10, place with chain link fence around nursery, prevent domestic animal and rabbit harm, place
At rat poison 4, mouse and rabbit catcher 8.Soil is excavated by April 21st, 2014, and statistics Seedling ground nursery stock amount of survival is
104000 strains, calculating survival rate of seedlings is 86.6%.
Embodiment 4；
1. Seedling ground selects and farming
1.1 Seedling ground select: selecting the nursery lot 1 mu at sand control station, Jingtai County in April, 2013, soil is sandy loam；
1.2 nursery lot farming: after choosing nursery lot, deep plough once on October 20th, 2013, and then degree of depth 20cm tans by the sun.December
Within 20th, water foot winter water to survive the winter.On March 22nd, 2014 ploughs shallowly, degree of depth 20cm；In conjunction with shallow plowing basal dressing, base manure is cattle manure
1000kg, sheep stool 1200kg, phosphorus diamidogen 7.8kg；Remaining is with embodiment 1；
2. seedbed makes
2.1 wholely: with embodiment 1；
The making in 2.2 seedbeds: behind whole good ground, filled vola water April 5.April 12 made seedbed, used high bed, and remaining is with real
Execute example 2；
2.3 nursery bed disinfections: seedbed is carried out disinfection by April 18, with the FeSO of 0.5%4Solution, uniformly sprays on bed surface, drenches
Wet bed surface 2cm；
3. seed treatment:
3.1. the selection of seed and remove impurity
3.1.1. seed selects: on October 20th, 2013 gathers sand ground in white tone pile of stones nature reserve area, Keshiketeng Banner, the Inner Mongol
PiceameyeriRehd. Et Wils. seed 55kg, then natural air drying, it is contained in gunnysack standby；
3.1.2 remove impurity: on April 21st, 2014, treating kind of seed and carry out remove impurity, concrete operations are with embodiment 1；
The sterilization of 3.2 seeds and accelerating germination: with embodiment 1.
4. sowing
4.1 sowing times: start sowing on April 23rd, 2013；
4.2 sowings: with embodiment 1；
4.3 earthing: with embodiment 1；
4.4 build sunshade net: on April 25th, 2014, build sunshade net after having sowed at once, and length 20m of sunshade net is wide
Degree 6m；
4.5 Radix Saposhnikoviaes: on April 25th, 2014, set the plastic sand blocking grid Radix Saposhnikoviae the most vertical with wind direction every 20m in ground, garden
Barrier.
5. seedling field management
The management in 5.1 seeding stages
5.1.1 moisture Control: in 1 month after 25 days April in 2014, remaining is with embodiment 1；
5.1.2 temperature controls: with embodiment 1；
5.1.3 prevention of damage by disease: on May 26th, 2014 starts, the Bordeaux mixture of mass percent concentration 0.8% of spray is protected weekly
Protect agent, spray 3 times；In emerging 3 weeks, by the first of the fenaminosulf homogenous quantities percent concentration 0.5% of mass percent concentration 0.5%
Base thiophanate is used alternatingly, and within every 5 days, sprays bed surface once, prevents and treats type disease of dampinging off and occurs；After June 24, strengthen dose extremely
1.0%, within every 10 days, alternately spray above-mentioned medicament, the vertical withered type disease of preventing and treating.
The management of 5.2 Seedling Stages
5.2.1 water and fertilizer management: on June 14th, 2014 starts to spray carbamide, percent mass score concentration is 0.2%, sprays weekly 1
Secondary, spray in the evening, now height of seedling 2-3cm；
5.2.2 Radix Saposhnikoviae: between in June, 2014 to July, concrete operations are with embodiment 2；
5.2.3 preventing disease and pest: with embodiment 1；
The most anti-day burns: with embodiment 1；
5.2.5 fill the gaps with seedlings: on June 25th, 2014, carrying out after-culture with sprigging device at disconnected ridge of being short of seedling, a close benefit is dilute.
5.3 the management of Fast-growing stage
5.3.1 water and fertilizer management: on July 7th, 2014 rises, and sprays once every 10 days, with carbamide as standard, first time July 7,
Consumption is 6.67kg/ mu, July 17, and for the second time, consumption is 7.337kg/ mu, and July 27, for the third time, with 8.004kg/ mu
Equivalent nitrogenous fertilizer and calcium superphosphate are executed in concentration mixing.August 25, impose potassium dihydrogen phosphate, with the method for foliage-spray, matter for the first time
Amount percent concentration 0.5%, is advisable time big in morning, late or cloudy air humidity, JIUYUE 4 days, and second time imposes potassium dihydrogen phosphate.9
The moon 14, third time imposes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and August 6, stopping was poured water；JIUYUE 16 days, withdraws sunshade net.
5.3.2 thinning: July 2, thinning for the first time, July 24, thinning for the second time, remaining is with embodiment 2；
5.3.3 the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: in July to October, finds chafer, black cutworm and Formica fusca increasing number, in pest activity
Place prick at hole 12 altogether, degree of depth 25cm, in July 20, August 19, JIUYUE three times on the 21st with Isofenphos methyl Emulsion according to product
Product description is watered, perfusion parasite killing, to water permeable after each perfusion；Meanwhile, around rectangular nursery lot, rat poison is placed
At 10, with rat preservative.
5.3.4 loosen the soil, weeding: in July 13, August 10 and JIUYUE 20 days, use hoe chesson, degree of depth 3cm, July
3 days, August 14 and JIUYUE uprooting weed on the 23rd 3 times.
The management of 5.4 nursery stock hardening periods: October 6, October 17, October 31 and November 10 loosen the soil 4 times altogether, the degree of depth
3cm；October 18 and each weeding on November 5 are once；Burn on October 22 and November 1 wheat straw and Sunflower Pole manufacture smog respectively
Prevent early frost from endangering.
6. Overwintering Seedlings management: November 6, statistics Seedling ground nursery stock quantity is about 253460 strains, average height 5.7cm,
Then watering foot winter water, used mounding to survive the winter on November 7, remaining is with embodiment 2；Soil is excavated by April 21st, 2015, system
Meter Seedling ground nursery stock amount of survival is 213700 strains, and calculating survival rate of seedlings is 84.3%.
Claims (1)
1. a method for Arid Desert Area Picea Mongolica land for growing field crops seed seedling-raising, selects to make with farming, seedbed and disappear including Seedling
Poison, seed treatment, sowing, field management in seedling stage and Overwintering Seedlings management；Concrete steps include:
(1) Seedling ground selects and farming
1.1 Seedlings ground: Seedling ground soil selects soil thickness to be 30～35cm, fertile, aeration and the good sandy loam of water penetration；Keep away
Serious farmland is infected as nursery as disease pest in vegetable, potato class planting site and soil before exempting to select；
1.2 nursery lot farming: nursery is deep ploughed once after autumn, the degree of depth 20～25cm, tan by the sun；Treat in 12 months, the earth in the last ten-days period seals
Water foot winter water before freezing to survive the winter；After lunar regolith defrosting in next year 3, plough shallowly, the degree of depth 15～20cm；And combine shallow plowing disposably use sufficient
Base manure, base manure is cattle, sheep stool 1500～3000kg/ mu and the carbamide 15～20kg/ mu become thoroughly decomposed, or become thoroughly decomposed cattle, sheep stool 1500
～3000kg/ mu and phosphorus diamidogen 6.67～10kg/ mu；To carry out harrowing simultaneously, a kind of farm tools, the Measures on Soil Moisture Conservation such as suppression, ground is flattened, accomplishes
Upper Panasonic is real, does not balks, the most random soil layer, does not stay soil block, removes grass roots, stone and foreign material；
(2) seedbed makes and sterilization
2.1 wholely: gives the nursery lot that farming is good the most wholely, to remove grass roots, stone and foreign material further, is flattened on ground；
Execute into soil according to 1000～1200kg/ mu consumptions in conjunction with whole the pesticide-clay mixture by preventing and treating subterranean pest-insect；The manufacture method of pesticide-clay mixture: press
According to Isofenphos methyl or phoxim: sand is the weight ratio mix homogeneously of 1:3；
2.2 seedbeds make: make before seedbed 5～7 days, fill vola water；Bed to pressing east-west direction as far as possible or along equal pitch contour direction,
Bed to be accomplished is straight, face flat, along whole；There are level bed, high bed and half high bed in seedbed；Half high bed is than level bed high 5～10cm, and high bed compares level bed
High 10～15cm, seedbed length is less than 20m, wide 1m, adds the 50cm broadly ridge between bed and bed；
2.3 nursery bed disinfections: sow first 3～5 days and use FeSO4Crystal carries out nursery bed disinfection, consumption 40kg/ mu, sterilization method be by
FeSO4Crystal is made powder and is uniformly sprinkling upon on bed surface, then pours water；Or by FeSO4It is made into the aqueous solution of 0.5%, uniformly sprays
On bed surface, drench bed surface 2～3cm deep；
(3) seed treatment
The selection of 3.1 seeds and remove impurity
3.1.1. seed selects: directly gather or introduction of method obtains seed, use seed then as far as possible；
3.1.2 remove impurity: before sowing, divides seed in laboratory table or concrete floor, removes big cobble, foreign material and branch；Will
Clean seed topped up with water placed in the vessel, stirs 5～7 minutes, removes seed shrivelled on the water surface, take bottom after liquid surface static
Full seed；
The sterilization of 3.2 seeds and accelerating germination: seed full after remove impurity is immersed in mass percent concentration 0.5% potassium permanganate
In solution, wash 3～5 times with clear water after sterilization 15～20min, then seed to be sowed is placed in the gunnysack keeping moistening and urges
Bud 4～6 days, sow after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally to more than 60% seed；
(4) sowing
4.1 sowing times: Hexi prefecture was sowed in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May；
4.2 sowings: use drilling, on ready seedbed, first open 10cm width, seed furrow deep for about 1cm with intertilling hoe,
Ditch spacing 20～25cm, is sprinkling upon in seed furrow uniformly by the seed having urged bud；Application rate 38.7～40kg/ mu；
4.3 earthing: fix the earthing standard rope of two a diameter of 0.4～0.5cm along seedbed length direction, be covered with at seed furrow
Sandy soil, thickness 0.4cm～0.6cm, accomplishes uniformity；Suppress with Repressing roller after earthing, spray water for the first time therewith；And it is right
The seed exposed after water spray is with little sieve after-culture；
4.4 build sunshade net: sowing earthing builds sunshade net after completing at once, sunshade net build the most overhead 100～
120cm；
4.5 Radix Saposhnikoviaes: in nursery lot, one windbreak is set every 10～30m；
(5) seedling field management
The management in 5.1 seeding stages
5.1.1 moisture Control: when seedbed table soil is dried, spray water in right amount, the most repeatedly, is advisable with bed surface not water；The temperature of water spray
Degree is close to room temperature；The most handy river is sprayed；When kind bud starts to break ground, during during morning 8～10 or afternoon 5～8, suitably to increase water
Amount, and eliminate hardening layer in time；
5.1.2 temperature controls: bed surface temperature reaches 30 DEG C, need to water water for cooling immediately；
5.1.3 prevention of damage by disease: spray weekly the Bordeaux mixture protective agent of a time 0.5～1% after emerging, spray 3～5 times；Emerge 3～5
In week, with fenaminosulf or the mass percent 0.5% copperas solution homogenous quantities percentage ratio 0.5% of mass percent 0.5%
Thiophanate methyl or many bacterium of mass percent 0.5% be used alternatingly clearly, within every 3～5 days, spray bed surface once, preventing and treating is dampinged off type
Disease occurs；After growth of seedling January, strengthening dose to 1.0%, within every 7～10 days, alternately spray above-mentioned medicament, the vertical withered type of preventing and treating is sick
Evil；
5.2 the management of Seedling Stage
5.2.1 water and fertilizer management: fertilising initial time is 15～20 days of Qi Miaohou；Use water spray fertilization method, execute carbamide, quality
Percent concentration ＜ 0.3%；
5.2.2 Radix Saposhnikoviae: firming of spraying water when blowing, prevents the grains of sand to hinder Seedling；
5.2.3 preventing disease and pest: can be watered to specifications by the Emulsion such as Isofenphos methyl or phoxim, pouring carries out parasite killing；Perfusion
Before prick hole in advance, water immediately after perfusion permeable 3 times, perfusion, watering is carried out all mornings at fine day；
The most anti-day burns: when surface temperature is higher than 30 DEG C, need spray cooling immediately；
5.2.5 filling the gaps with seedlings: after emerging 20～30 days, carry out after-culture with sprigging device at disconnected ridge of being short of seedling, a close benefit is dilute；
The management of 5.3 Fast-growing stage
5.3.1 water and fertilizer management: initial time about at the beginning of 7 months, sprayed once every 7～10 days later, with carbamide as standard, uses
Amount, with 6.67kg/ mu as radix, enriches 0.667kg/ mu for each issue, is incremented by by the phase, and last mixes the calcium superphosphate executing equivalent；Execute stopping
Nitrogenous fertilizer 15～impose potassium dihydrogen phosphate after 30 days, mass percent concentration 0.3%～1%, consumption with blade face uniformly fertile；Time
Between select early, late or cloudy air humidity big time, every 7～10 days once, use 2～3 times；7 the end of month stopped Nitrogen Top Dressing,
Early August stopping is poured water, and stops application of phosphoric acid potassium dihydrogen mid-September, meanwhile, withdraws sunshade net；
5.3.2 thinning: early July, for the first time thinning, pull out disease, Seedling weak, residual；Late July, for the second time thinning, conserved density
It is 233450 plants/acre～266800 plants/acre, close stays even, bad stay excellent, extract with root and do not stay stubble；
5.3.3 the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: place rat poison around nursery lot；Find the subterranean pest-insect such as chafer, black cutworm, can
It is watered with Isofenphos methyl or Phoxim emulsion, carries out perfusion parasite killing；Prick hole before perfusion in advance, after perfusion, to water permeable 1～2
Secondary；
5.3.4 loosen the soil, weeding: according to precipitation event, timely chesson, deep 2～3cm, weed out the rank grass；
The management of 5.4 nursery stock hardening periods
Nursery stock hardening period, starts from first arrival early November in October, and this period, seedling growth is slow, stops pouring water and applying fertilizer,
Pour water with 3～5 second generations of loosening the soil during nursery lot arid, remove weeds simultaneously；Late October to early November uses fumigation to prevent
Early frost endangers；
(6) Overwintering Seedlings management
Early November, statistics Seedling ground nursery stock quantity, then water foot winter water, use mounding survive the winter, bury soil thickness 15～
20cm；Soil moisture content keeps 50%～60%, and soil is stacked naturally, claps broken gently by soil block excessive for surface, is never clapped by soil
Real, prevent the seedling that suffocates；After having buried soil, it is arranged around fence in nursery, outside fence, places rat poison, Mouse trap and rabbit
Catcher；Excavate in Second Year 4～May and bury soil, add up survival rate of seedlings.
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| CN107027464A (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2017-08-11 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | The field planting technology of the husky rice of one planting sand area wild economic plant |
| CN107750792A (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2018-03-06 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | A kind of rapidly and efficiently black fruit fructus lycii crop field seed seedling-raising method |
| CN108029278A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-05-15 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | A kind of method that Picea Mongolica seed germination rate is improved using gibberellin |
| CN109874585A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-06-14 | 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所 | A kind of remodeling method that the artificial middle-aged forest ecological functions of Minjiang River Basin dragon spruce are promoted |
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| CN107027464A (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2017-08-11 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | The field planting technology of the husky rice of one planting sand area wild economic plant |
| CN107750792A (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2018-03-06 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | A kind of rapidly and efficiently black fruit fructus lycii crop field seed seedling-raising method |
| CN108029278A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-05-15 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | A kind of method that Picea Mongolica seed germination rate is improved using gibberellin |
| CN108029278B (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2020-12-25 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | Method for improving germination rate of picea rasmae seeds by using gibberellin |
| CN109874585A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-06-14 | 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所 | A kind of remodeling method that the artificial middle-aged forest ecological functions of Minjiang River Basin dragon spruce are promoted |
| CN110915504A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-03-27 | 承德市林业技术推广总站 | Windproof and winter-proof method for young trees in arid sunny slope mountainous region microtopography nursery land and application |
| CN110915504B (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2022-02-01 | 承德市林业技术推广总站 | Windproof and winter-proof method for young trees in arid sunny slope mountainous region microtopography nursery land and application |
| CN117136782A (en) * | 2023-10-18 | 2023-12-01 | 烟台市森林资源监测保护服务中心(烟台沿海防护林省级自然保护区管理服务中心、烟台市林业科学研究所) | Container seedling raising method for introducing coastal pine postsetting seeds in north |
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