CN110915504B - Windproof and winter-proof method for young trees in arid sunny slope mountainous region microtopography nursery land and application - Google Patents
Windproof and winter-proof method for young trees in arid sunny slope mountainous region microtopography nursery land and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN110915504B CN110915504B CN201911313849.3A CN201911313849A CN110915504B CN 110915504 B CN110915504 B CN 110915504B CN 201911313849 A CN201911313849 A CN 201911313849A CN 110915504 B CN110915504 B CN 110915504B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000018650 Pinus massoniana Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000011610 Pinus tabuliformis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000002066 Amorpha fruticosa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000004047 Amorpha fruticosa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000223025 Caragana microphylla Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000003145 Hippophae rhamnoides Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000218652 Larix Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005590 Larix decidua Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000002924 Platycladus orientalis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000000950 Hippophae rhamnoides Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000229143 Hippophae Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000218636 Thuja Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000008109 Thuja occidentalis Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000544657 Larix gmelinii Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008582 Pinus sylvestris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000218626 Pinus sylvestris Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001839 pinus sylvestris Substances 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a windproof and cold-proof method for young trees in a arid sunny slope mountainous micro-terrain nursery land, and belongs to the technical field of windproof and cold-proof of young tree seedling in the mountainous nursery land. The invention reasonably selects tree species for planting, establishes the first windproof belt and the second windproof belt, and covers the nursery field young trees with straws or hay before the soil is frozen, so that the nursery field young trees can safely overwinter. Wherein, the first windproof belt adopts the windward side at the periphery of the nursery land to plant the native tree seed Chinese pine with good performance of mountain afforestation for wind prevention and cold resistance; and digging a ditch on the windward side of the periphery of the nursery land by the second windproof belt, cutting straws into long sections, bundling the straws into bundles, binding each bundle by using a rope, filling redundant crushed straws into the ditch to be used as green manure, erecting the straws in the ditch, inclining towards the nursery land, filling soil and treading solid to form a windproof and cold-resisting fence. The invention prevents the water loss of the nursery stock in the transportation process, shortens the seedling reviving period, effectively improves the survival rate of afforestation, takes the nursery stock for afforestation, saves the transportation cost of the nursery stock and reduces the cost of afforestation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wind prevention and cold prevention for seedling raising of saplings in a mountain nursery land, and particularly relates to a wind prevention and cold prevention method for saplings in a arid sunny slope mountain micro-terrain nursery land and application of the wind prevention and cold prevention method.
Background
Most of the arid hills and mountains in the north of the Ji are bald mountains, lack of forest coverage, serious water and soil loss, rare vegetation of grasses and trees, poor soil layers, large slopes, less rainfall and large evaporation capacity, and meanwhile, because the seedlings lose water in the transportation process, the survival rate of forestation is low, which is a difficult problem of forestation work all the time.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for preventing wind and cold of young trees in a micro-terrain nursery land on a drought sunny slope mountain land. A microtopography nursery is established in a section with relatively flat mountain terrain and thick soil layer, a suitable afforestation tree species is selected for seedling culture, a windproof barrier is established at an air inlet of a sunny slope in winter to protect the saplings, and the windproof and cold-proof technology for the mountainous region is simple to operate, low in manufacturing cost and easy to popularize.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for preventing wind and cold of young trees in a arid sunny slope mountain micro-terrain nursery land comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a nursery land: selecting small areas with relatively flat topography, thick soil layer, good water conservation and wind and sand erosion in the mountain nursery lands;
(2) selection of afforestation tree species: selecting 1-2 year-old tree species suitable for growth of the Jibei drought sunny slope;
(3) afforestation density: adopting strip or block planting, and reasonably and densely planting the seedlings during afforestation;
(4) wind and cold prevention: arranging double layers of wind-proof, sand-proof and cold-proof barriers on the windward side of the periphery of a drought sunny slope microtopography nursery land, wherein a plant protection belt is adopted in the first step, the method is that the windward side 8-12m away from the periphery of the nursery land is used for planting the rural tree oil pine with good mountain afforestation performance, and wind prevention, cold defense and sand resistance are carried out; the second protective belt is arranged at the position 0.5-1.5m away from the windward side of the periphery of the nursery land, and a ditch is dug, wherein the length of the ditch is determined according to the wind direction and the terrain and the topography of the nursery land; cutting straws into sections with the length of 1.5-2.5m, bundling into bundles with the diameter of 30-40cm, binding each bundle by using a rope, filling redundant crushed straws into a ditch as green manure, erecting the straws in the ditch, inclining towards a nursery for 15 degrees, filling soil and compacting to form a windproof and cold-proof fence, covering nursery young trees with straws or hay before soil is frozen, and enabling the nursery young trees to safely overwinter;
(5) taking seedlings for forestation: and (4) afforesting in spring in the next year, taking seedlings in a nursery land in an interlaced mode, and planting nearby.
Further, the tree species suitable for growing in the north-JI drought sunny slope in the step (2) are one or more of Chinese pine, arborvitae and larch.
Further, the tree species suitable for the Jibei drought sunny slope growth in the step (2) are one or more of sea buckthorn, caragana microphylla and amorpha fruticosa.
Further, when the tree species in the step (3) is one or more of Chinese pine, arborvitae and larch, the plant row spacing is 0.3m multiplied by 0.3 m.
Further, when the tree species in the step (3) is one or more of sea buckthorn, caragana microphylla and amorpha fruticosa, the cluster planting density is 0.3-0.5 m × 0.3-0.5 m.
Furthermore, the row spacing of the Chinese pine afforestation plants in the step (4) is 2m multiplied by 3m, one strip is planted in three rows, two strips are planted, and the strip spacing is 6 m.
Further, the depth of the second guard band trench in the step (4) is 0.6m, and the width of the second guard band trench is 0.2 m.
Furthermore, the straws in the step (4) are cut into sections with the length of 2.0m and then are beaten into bundles with the diameter of 35 cm.
Further, in the step (4), the young trees in the nursery land are covered with straws or hay, and the young trees grown for more than 2 years are subjected to trunk whitewashing and cold protection.
The invention also provides application of the method for wind prevention and cold prevention of the young trees in the arid sunny slope mountainous micro-terrain nursery in seedling nursery in mountainous region nursery seedling culture.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the windproof and cold-proof method prevents water loss of the nursery stock in the transportation process, shortens the seedling reviving period, effectively improves the survival rate of afforestation, and saves the transportation cost of the nursery stock and reduces the cost of afforestation by taking the nursery stock for afforestation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a band diagram of Pinus sylvestris in example 1.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of the second protection belt crushed straw ditch filling in the embodiment 1.
FIG. 3 is a second protective band diagram formed by the straw in example 1.
Fig. 4 is a view showing the overall effect of wind and cold prevention in embodiment 1.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for preventing wind and cold of young trees in a arid sunny slope mountain micro-terrain nursery land comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a nursery land: selecting small areas with relatively flat topography, thick soil layer, good water conservation and wind and sand erosion in the mountain nursery lands;
(2) selection of afforestation tree species: selecting 1-2 year-old tree species suitable for growth in the dry sunny slope in the North Ji, including one or more of Chinese pine, Chinese arborvitae, and Larix Gmelini;
(3) afforestation density: adopting strip or block planting, reasonably and densely planting the seedlings when afforesting, wherein the row spacing of the plants is 0.3m multiplied by 0.3 m;
(4) wind and cold prevention: arranging double layers of wind-proof, sand-proof and cold-proof barriers on the windward side of the periphery of a drought sunny slope microtopography nursery land, wherein the first step adopts a plant protection belt, the method is to plant soil-planted pine with good mountain forestation performance for wind prevention, cold defense and sand resistance, the plant row spacing is 2m multiplied by 3m, three rows of one belts are planted, and the belt spacing is 6 m; the second protective belt is arranged at the position 0.5-1.5m away from the windward side of the periphery of the nursery land, a ditch is dug, the depth of the ditch is 0.6m, the width of the ditch is 0.2m, and the length of the ditch is determined according to the wind direction and the terrain and topography of the nursery land; cutting straws into sections with the length of 2.5m, bundling the straws into bundles with the diameter of 40cm, binding each bundle by using a rope, filling redundant crushed straws into a ditch to be used as green manure, vertically bundling the straws in the ditch, inclining the straws 15 degrees towards the nursery, filling soil and treading the straws tightly to form a windproof and cold-proof fence, covering nursery field young trees with the straws or hay before soil is frozen, and performing tree trunk whitening and cold protection on the young trees grown for more than 2 years to ensure that the nursery field young trees can safely overwinter;
(5) taking seedlings for forestation: and (4) afforesting in spring in the next year, taking seedlings in a nursery land in an interlaced mode, and planting nearby.
Example 2
A method for preventing wind and cold of young trees in a arid sunny slope mountain micro-terrain nursery land comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a nursery land: selecting small areas with relatively flat topography, thick soil layer, good water conservation and wind and sand erosion in the mountain nursery lands;
(2) selection of afforestation tree species: selecting 1-2 year-old tree species suitable for the growth of the dry sunny slope in the North Ji, including one or more of sea buckthorn, caragana microphylla and amorpha fruticosa;
(3) afforestation density: adopting strip-shaped or block-shaped planting, reasonably and densely planting the seedlings during afforestation, wherein the cluster-shaped planting density is 0.3-0.5 m multiplied by 0.3-0.5 m;
(4) wind and cold prevention: arranging double layers of wind-proof, sand-proof and cold-proof barriers on the windward side of the periphery of a drought sunny slope microtopography nursery land, wherein a plant protection belt is adopted in the first step, the method is to plant soil pine of a country tree with good performance in mountain afforestation on the windward side of the periphery of the nursery land, prevent wind, protect against cold and block sand, the row spacing of the plants is 2m multiplied by 3m, one belt in three rows is planted, and the distance between the belts is 6 m; the second protective belt is arranged at the position 0.5-1.5m away from the windward side of the periphery of the nursery land, a ditch is dug, the depth of the ditch is 0.6m, the width of the ditch is 0.2m, and the length of the ditch is determined according to the wind direction and the terrain and topography of the nursery land; cutting straws into sections with the length of 1.5m, bundling the straws into bundles with the diameter of 30cm, binding each bundle by using a rope, filling redundant crushed straws into a ditch to be used as green manure, vertically bundling the straws in the ditch, inclining the straws 15 degrees towards the nursery, filling soil and treading the straws tightly to form a windproof and cold-proof fence, covering nursery field young trees with the straws or hay before soil is frozen, and performing tree trunk whitening and cold protection on the young trees grown for more than 2 years to ensure that the nursery field young trees can safely overwinter;
(5) taking seedlings for forestation: and (4) afforesting in spring in the next year, taking seedlings in a nursery land in an interlaced mode, and planting nearby. The micro-plot type nursery can take seedlings for afforestation nearby, not only can shorten the seedling revival period of the seedlings, but also can save the transportation cost of the seedlings and reduce the cost of afforestation.
Comparative example 1
The container seedling afforestation process is as follows: digging planting holes on a soil-prepared afforestation ground, wherein the specification is determined according to the size of a seedling, firstly, cutting the side surface of a cup body when a container seedling is afforested, enabling the seedling to fall off the cup, adopting a 'three-burying two-stepping one-lifting' method for planting the seedling, enabling the root system of the seedling to be unfolded without digging roots, enabling the buried depth to be slightly larger than the original soil print of the root part, covering the cut nutrition cup around the seedling in a pot-bottom buckling mode, and reducing the water evaporation of the root system. The results of this method are shown in table 1, in comparison with the method of example 1, in which the nursery seedlings of the microtopography were windproof and cold-proof.
TABLE 1 survey table of growth, survival rate and preservation rate of container seedlings and micro-field seedlings for afforestation
As can be seen from the above table, the growth, survival rate and preservation rate indexes of the micro-plot type nursery afforestation adopting the windproof and cold-proof measures are obviously improved compared with the container seedling afforestation in the mountainous region, wherein the growth rates of the Chinese pine and the oriental arborvitae are respectively improved by 2.4cm and 1.7cm, the survival rate is respectively improved by 3.4 percent and 2.8 percent, and the preservation rate is respectively improved by 4.3 percent and 3.8 percent. By adopting the measures of wind prevention, cold prevention and sand prevention, the strip drawing phenomenon of the arborvitae is obviously reduced by 50 percent.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for preventing wind and cold of young trees in a arid sunny slope mountain micro-terrain nursery land is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a nursery land: selecting small areas with relatively flat topography, thick soil layer, good water conservation and wind and sand erosion in the mountain nursery lands;
(2) selection of afforestation tree species: selecting 1-2 year-old tree species suitable for growth of the Jibei drought sunny slope;
(3) afforestation density: adopting strip or block planting, and reasonably and densely planting the seedlings during afforestation;
(4) wind and cold prevention: arranging double layers of wind-proof, sand-proof and cold-proof barriers on the windward side of the periphery of a drought sunny slope microtopography nursery land, wherein a plant protection belt is adopted in the first step, the method is that the windward side 8-12m away from the periphery of the nursery land is planted with the rural tree oil pine with good mountain afforestation performance, and wind prevention, cold defense and sand resistance are carried out; the second protective belt is arranged at the position 0.5-1.5m away from the windward side of the periphery of the nursery land, and a ditch is dug, wherein the length of the ditch is determined according to the wind direction and the terrain and the topography of the nursery land; cutting straws into sections with the length of 1.5-2.5m, bundling into bundles with the diameter of 30-40cm, binding each bundle by using a rope, filling redundant crushed straws into a ditch as green manure, erecting the straws in the ditch, inclining towards a nursery for 15 degrees, filling soil and compacting to form a windproof and cold-proof fence, covering nursery young trees with straws or hay before soil is frozen, and enabling the nursery young trees to safely overwinter;
(5) taking seedlings for forestation: afforesting in spring of the second year, taking seedlings in a nursery land in an interlaced mode, and planting nearby;
the tree species suitable for the growth of the dry sunny slope in the North Ji in the step (2) are one or more of Chinese pine, Chinese arborvitae and larch.
2. The method for preventing wind and cold of young trees in dry sunny slope mountain micro-terrain nursery lands as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tree species suitable for the growth of the north-Ji dry sunny slope in the step (2) are one or more of sea buckthorn, caragana microphylla and amorpha fruticosa.
3. The method for preventing wind and cold for the young trees in the arid-sunny-slope mountainous region microtopography nursery land as claimed in claim 1, wherein the row spacing during forestation in the step (3) is 0.3m x 0.3 m.
4. The method for preventing wind and cold for the young trees in the arid-sunny-slope mountain micro-terrain nursery land as claimed in claim 2, wherein the clustering planting density in the forestation in the step (3) is 0.3-0.5 m x 0.3-0.5 m.
5. The method for preventing wind and cold for the young trees in the arid-sunny-slope mountain micro-terrain nursery lands as claimed in claim 1, wherein the row spacing of the Chinese pine afforestation plants in the step (4) is 2m x 3m, one strip is planted in three rows, two strips are planted, and the strip spacing is 6 m.
6. The method for preventing wind and cold for the young trees in the arid-sunny-slope mountainous region microtopography nursery land as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the second protective zone has a depth of 0.6m and a width of 0.2 m.
7. The method for wind prevention and cold protection of young trees in arid-sunny-slope and mountainous-region microtopography nursery lands as claimed in claim 1, wherein the straws in the step (4) are cut into sections with the length of 2.0m and then are bundled into bundles with the diameter of 35 cm.
8. The method for preventing wind and cold of nursery young trees in arid sunny slope and mountainous regions in microtopography as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the nursery young trees are covered with straws or hay, and the young trees of 2 years are subjected to trunk whitewashing for preventing cold.
9. Use of the method for wind proofing and cold proofing of drought-sunny slope mountain micro-terrain nursery young trees according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in seedling in mountain nursery lands.
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