CN106160065A - 维护车辆电池 - Google Patents
维护车辆电池 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
提供一种方法,该方法用于根据电池的测量温度来确定下限电压设定点、上限电压设定点、依赖温度的上限电流设定点、时间极限值、和下限电流滞后阈值设定点。提供来自电池充电电路的充电电流。如果充电电压高于下限电压设定点且低于上限电压设定点并且充电电流超过依赖温度的上限电流设定点,则启动定时器。如果定时器达到时间极限值同时充电电流超过依赖温度的上限电流设定点且充电电压在下限电压设定点和上限电压设定点之间,则降低充电电流。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及维护车辆电池,并且更具体地,涉及一种维护车辆电池的方法和***。
背景技术
电动车辆正变得越来越普遍。这些车辆包括混合动力车辆,比如结合有电池和主电源——比如内燃发动机、燃料电池***等——的增程式电动车辆(EREV)。EREV通常采用高电压电池和低电压电池。高电压电池可以是各种电池类型,比如锂离子电池、镍-金属氢化物电池、铅酸电池等。EREV的低电压电池通常是富液式铅酸(FLA)电池,并且通常提供12.6-15.0伏特以供车辆中车载计算机、娱乐***、导航***、照明等使用。低电压电池的重要功能是关闭高电压总线的接触器,这确保混合动力车辆的操作。换句话说,如果耗尽低电压电池,则车辆将不能运行。
插电式混合动力车辆的用户期望是能够将它插电、离开它一段无人看守的时间、并且能够后来回来且简单地开走。然而,在车辆停放的时间期间,低电压电池提供电力给电子模块以允许它们保持信息(也称存储器)并且执行其它至关重要的车辆监测功能。这种点火开关关断负载可以随着时间耗尽12伏特电池。此外,许多车辆具有与用户的智能电话的蜂窝链路,该蜂窝链路通过可以允许用户请求车辆状态的低电压电池来供电。这些负载可以耗尽低电压电池到一点,在该点将不能够关闭高压电池的接触器。
发明内容
根据本发明,提供一种***,该***包含计算机,该计算机被配置为为电池充电,并且进一步被配置为:
根据电池的温度来确定下限电压设定点、上限电压设定点、依赖温度的上限电流设定点、时间极限值、和下限电流滞后阈值设定点;
将充电电流提供给电池;
确定充电电流何时超过依赖温度的上限电流设定点且充电电压在下限电压设定点和上限电压设定点之间,并且如果是,则当充电电流超过依赖温度的上限电流设定点且充电电压在下限电压设定点和上限电压设定点之间时启动定时器;以及
确定定时器是否达到时间极限值同时充电电流超过依赖温度的上限电流设定点且充电电压在下限电压设定点和上限电压设定点之间并且如果是,则当定时器期满时将充电电流降低到低于下限电流滞后阈值设定点。
在本发明的一个实施例中,其中在定时器超过定时器期限之后,将充电电流逐渐地降低到大体上没有电流。
在本发明的一个实施例中,其中依赖温度的上限电流设定点随着电池的温度增加而降低。
在本发明的一个实施例中,其中电池是车辆电池。
在本发明的一个实施例中,其中电池充电电路在车辆中。
在本发明的一个实施例中,其中电池是富液式铅酸(FLA)电池。
在本发明的一个实施例中,其中电力源来自电网、车辆交流发电机、再生制动***、和高电压电池中的至少一个。
根据本发明,提供一种***,***包含计算机,计算机被编程为控制电池的充电,对于计算机,包括被配置为:
确定电池需要充电;
一经确定电池需要充电就将充电电流施加到电池;
接收来自电池监测传感器的表明充电电流是否在可接受范围内的数据;
确定充电电流是否超过依赖温度的上限电流设定点;
确定充电定时器是否期满;以及
一经确定充电电流在可接受范围之外、充电电流超过依赖温度的上限电流设定点、和充电定时器期满中的任一个,就使充电电流终止。
在本发明的一个实施例中,其中在充电电流终止之后,计算机启动第二充电定时器。
在本发明的一个实施例中,其中计算机被进一步编程为:
确定电池需要充电;
一经确定电池需要充电就将充电电流施加到电池;
接收来自电池监测传感器的表明充电电流是都在可接受范围内的数据;
确定充电电流是否超过依赖温度的上限电流设定点;
确定充电定时器是否期满;以及
一经确定充电电流在可接受范围之外、充电电流超过依赖温度的上限电流设定点、和充电定时器期满中的任一个,就使充电电流终止。
在本发明的一个实施例中,其中计算机被进一步编程为确定***是否处于值充电模式下,并且如果是,则编程为大体上继续地确定是否接收到状态请求,并且如果是,则编程为将充电电流施加到电池,且编程为确定电池监测传感器是否在可接受电池极限内,并且充电电流是否未超过依赖温度的上限电流设定点且充电定时器未期满,并且如果没有,则编程为使充电电流终止。
在本发明的一个实施例中,其中计算机被进一步编程为确定***未连接到电网,并且如果***未连接到电网,则编程为大体上继续地确定电池是否需要充电,并且如果是,则编程为将充电电流施加到电池,并且编程为检查电池监测传感器在可接受电池极限内,且充电电流未超过依赖温度的上限电流设定点且充电定时器未期满,并且如果没有,则编程为使充电电流终止。
在本发明的一个实施例中,其中电池是富液式铅酸(FLA)电池。
在本发明的一个实施例中,其中依赖温度的上限电流设定点随着电池的温度增加而降低。
附图说明
图1是示例性低电压电池充电***的框图;
图2是示例性低电压电池充电***的正时图;
图3是示例性温度补偿曲线图的图;
图4是示出了用于图1的***的示例性过程的过程流程图;
图5A-5C是示出了用于图1的***的另一个示例过程的过程流程图。
具体实施方式
当混合动力车辆***电且充电时,保持低电压电池充电参数的持续监视以检测电池充电异常或潜在电池故障是非常重要的,如在此所公开的。例如,富液式铅酸(FLA)电池的充电和诊断***可以连续地运行以检查内部短路和/或可以在电池板之间发展的低电阻路径。所公开的***还可以检测和防止FLA电池的两种最常见的故障模式,这两种最常见的故障模式是硫酸化和过度放气,并且分别由充电不足和过度充电造成。当车辆正在驾驶时或当车辆***电且无人看守时,本电池的充电和维护***也可以使用。
因此提供用于混合动力车辆的智能电池维护器。图1示出了示例性电池维护***100。***100包括电池50,该电池50可以是混合动力车辆(未示出)的低电压富液式铅酸(FLA)电池和电池传感器阵列50。维护***100包括连接到电力供应模块12的电力源10。电池维护***100进一步包括充电电路模块14、电流传感器模块24、和电压传感器模块26。***100又进一步包括子***计算机控制器30,该子***计算机控制器30具有处理器20、通信输入/输出(I/O)模块18和存储器22。电池维护***100还包括控制和I/O寄存器16模块,以及电池温度确定器电路模块28。
电力源10可以是电网,比如通过电力供应商或在充电站的一排太阳能电池提供。在供选择的方案中,电力源可以在车辆正在运行时由车辆通过车辆交流发电机、由高电压电池、或由混合动力车辆的再生制动***提供。众所周知,再生制动***是能量回收机构,该能量回收机构可以操作为通过将它的动能转换为另一种形式,比如电力来减慢车辆。转换的动能可以立即使用或存储直到在电池50中需要。与此相反,在传统制动***中,过量的动能通过制动衬片中的摩擦转换为热并因此被浪费。
电力供应模块12转换且调节从电力源10接收到的电压并将它供应给充电电路14。电力供应模块12还可以供应电力以使其它模块——即,充电电路模块14、电流传感器模块24、电压传感器模块26、通信I/O模块18、控制和I/O寄存器模块16、和电池温度确定器电路模块28——供电并且运行以及供应电力给处理器20和存储器22。
充电电路模块14为电池50提供充电电流和充电电压。充电电路模块14通过控制和I/O寄存器模块16配置。电池50的充电电流和充电电压分别通过电流传感器模块24和电压传感器模块26来监测。电流传感器模块24和电压传感器模块26各自发送充电电流和充电电压测量值到控制和I/O寄存器模块16以供计算机控制器30使用。换句话说,电流传感器模块24和电压传感器模块26监测充电电流值和充电电压值且将值发送到计算机控制器30,以确定是否需要通过计算机控制器30采取校正动作,如下面进一步详细所讨论的。
众所周知,为了获取电池50的测量温度,电池50可以具有电池管理传感器(BMS)70,比如嵌入其中的温度传感器,和/或附加传感器比如电池单元电压和温度传感器(未示出)可以位于电池50中或邻近电池50。来自温度传感器的读数被发送到电池温度确定器模块28。电池50的测量温度也可以在***100的操作中使用,以确保电池50的温度在可接受的范围内。例如,电池50的温度可以超过电池50可能发生故障的情况下的温度。
电池50的温度传感器可以包括热电偶、热敏电阻、或提供温度读数的一些其它装置。电池温度确定器模块28然后将电池温度发送到控制和I/O寄存器用模块16以供计算机控制器30使用。
电池监测传感器(BMS)也可以是与温度传感器结合的***芯片(SoC)。SoC是将计算机或其它电子***的所有部件集成到单芯片中的集成电路(IC)。它可以包含在单芯片基片上所有的数字、模拟、和混合信号功能,比如模拟数字转换器。SoC在移动电子市场上是非常常见的,因为它们低的电力消耗,在移动电子市场中它们通常使用在嵌入式***领域的应用中。
控制和I/O寄存器模块16是模块和计算机控制器30之间的接口和缓冲器。计算机控制器30设置控制和I/O寄存器模块16中的寄存器以控制充电电路模块24。例如,计算机控制器30确定用于电池的适当的充电电压是13.8伏特且适当的充电电流应该是7.5安培。计算机控制器30设置控制和I/O寄存器模块16中的值。该值然后将编程充电电路模块14以提供在7.5安培的13.8伏特来为电池50充电。
通信I/O模块18可以连接到人机界面(HMI),比如图形用户界面(GUI)和/或其它已知的HMI,该人机界面允许用户通过图形图标和/或其它视觉指示器来与电池维护***100交互。通信I/O模块18还可以连接到控制器局域网(CAN)总线。CAN总线是已知的以允许微控制器和装置通过基于消息的协议通信来彼此通信。
通信I/O模块18还可以连接到车辆的远程信息处理单元以接收状态请求且发送通知给用户。众所周知,远程信息处理是利用技术来通过电讯装置发送、接收和存储关于各种车辆部件比如传感器、仪器仪表、无线网络状态和通信、道路状况、道路安全等的信息。
现在参照图2,图2是用模拟数据来解释***100的操作的示例性实施例的正时图。一旦电池维护***100被接通或通电,电池50的温度就通过电池温度确定器28确定并且发送到计算机控制器30。计算机控制器然后将确定适于温度的上限电压设定点41和下限电压设定点42。
接下来,依赖温度的上限电流设定点45和下限电流滞后阈值设定点46通过如图2的电流正时曲线图44上所示的计算机控制器30来确定。时间极限值49也通过定时器曲线图48上所示的计算机控制器30与时间轴52一起来确定,在时间轴52上时间随着轴向右移动而增加。
在启动操作中,充电电压43在时间轴48的T0和T1之间是瞬时的。因此,T0到T1的充电电压43的测量值是不准确的并且不被***100利用。在T1和T2之间,充电电压43在上限电压设定点41和下限电压设定点42之间,并且充电电流47高于下限电流滞后阈值46且低于依赖温度的上限设定点45。在T1和T2之间,***100被认为是处于稳定状态。
在时间间隔T2到T3期间,充电电压43在上限电压设定点41和下限电压设定点42之间,但充电电流47高于下限电流滞后阈值46且高于依赖温度的上限设定点45。当这种条件的组合发生时,启动定时器51。然而,在下一个时间间隔T3到T4期间,充电电流47的值降低到低于依赖温度的上限设定点45,并且定时器51在其达到定时器阈值49之前重置,因此***100返回到稳定状态。
在时间T4到T5,充电电压43在上限电压设定点41和下限电压设定点42之间,但充电电流47高于下限电流滞后阈值46,并且高于依赖温度的上限设定点45。当这种条件的组合发生时,启动定时器51。然而,在这种状态下,充电电流47保持高于依赖温度的上限设定点45,并且定时器51达到定时器阈值49,因此控制器30识别错误且控制器30逐渐地降低充电电流47直到它为如时间间隔T5到T6所示的零值。
当下限充电电压由于热效应而要求有效地给电池充电时,相对于在相对较暖的温度下,在较冷的温度下,电池50将需要更高的充电电压47。图3说明了示出了用于各种温度的依赖温度的上限设定点45的调整的示例性温度补偿曲线图54的图。温度范围56被表示在曲线图54的x轴上。可以看出,随着温度增加,依赖温度的上限设定点45保持平坦直到低温转折点58,并且然后依赖温度的上限设定点45降低直到高温转折点60。随着温度增加超过高温转折点60,依赖温度的上限设定点45恢复到平坦。
图4是示出了在***200的控制器30中的程序指令的过程流程图。
过程在框205开始,在框205获取电池温度。在框210,如上所述,计算机控制器30然后将确定上限电压设定点41、下限电压设定点42、充电电流47、和时间51的值。在框215,计算机控制器30然后将用充电电流47的值设置充电电路14。
接下来,在框220,充电电流47将与在框225的充电电压43一起被测量。接下来,在框230,采用电池温度的另一温度测量值。在框235,如果充电电压43在上限电压设定点41和下限电压设定点42之间并且充电电流47高于下限电流滞后阈值46且低于依赖温度的上限设定点45,则接下来执行框220。如果充电电压43在上限电压设定点41和下限电压设定点42之间并且充电电流47高于下限电流滞后阈值46且还高于依赖温度的上限设定点45,则在框240启动定时器。
在框240之后,在框250,如果充电电流47低于依赖温度的上限设定点45,则在框255重置定时器51,并且接下来执行框220。否则,执行框260且确定定时器51是否已期满。如果定时器51没有期满,则在框260之后执行框250。如果定时器51确实期满,则执行框265并且充电电流47降低直到充电电流47具有零值。过程200在框265之后结束。
图5A-5C是根据在过程300的控制器30中的程序指令的过程流程图。
方法300在框305开始,在框305确定车辆的插电状态。如果车辆已插电到电网,则在框310又一次确定关于过程300是否处于值充电模式(value charge mode)下。在框305,如果确定车辆没有连接到电网,则在框325启用高电压(HV)充电,以使***100使用车辆的HV电池作为用于给低电压电池50充电的电源。在框330执行HV电池的状态的检查。如果HV电池的状态良好,则***将进行到框350。如果当所有的,而不是大多数的HV电池的插片(blade)均保持它们的电荷且插片的电池单元没有彼此短路或到HV电池的外壳没有短路时,HV电池的状态被认为是良好的。插片是HV电池的子部并且可以容纳两个或更多个单独的电池单元。如果HV电池的状态不好,则过程300在框330之后结束。
当来自电网的电力的成本昂贵时,如它可能在高峰使用期间,控制器30可以被配置为在值充电模式下运行。在这种模式下,当控制器30做出状态请求时,***将只检查电池50并且给电池50充电。因此,如果启用值充电模式,则当控制器30确定接收到外部状态请求时接下来执行框315。例如,智能电话等等可以请求车辆的电池状态,其唤醒车辆CAN总线,该CAN总线相应地吸引来自低电压电池的电流以服务状态请求。接下来,在框320,如果未接收到状态请求,则过程300将循环回到框315。本质上,***100在开始充电循环之前等待状态请求。当在框320接收到状态请求(或查询)时,则过程300进行到框385,如下面所讨论的。
如果过程300在框310处于值充电模式下,则在框350从BMS 70确定电池50的状态。接下来,在框355中,控制器30将通过检查电池电压确定电池50是否需要充电。如果电池50不需要充电,则接下来执行框340。否则,接下来执行框360。
在框340,控制器30确定最后充电的时间是否已达到充电间的时间值。充电间的时间参数可以通过电池50的制造商、通过用户提供,或通过控制器30确定。如果未达到充电间的时间,则在框345使定时器增值且过程300返回到框340。例如,***可以编程为在检查电池50的充电状态之间等待4小时。如果通过定时器达到充电间的时间,则接下来执行框350。
在框355,如果控制器30确定电池50需要充电,则将充电电流施加到电池50的过程在框360开始。接下来,在框365,控制器30确定BMS70的状态。如果控制器30确定电池50的电流、电压和温度均在正常参数范围内,则过程300在框370继续。如果电池50的电流、电压和温度均不在正常参数范围内,则接下来执行框368,并且因此控制器30使电池50的充电停止。然后执行框340。
在框370,控制器30确定通向电池50的电流是否在可接受范围内,例如,如通过温度所推测的。如果是,例如,如果充电电流低于依赖温度的上限设定点45,则接下来执行框375。然而,如果电流不在可接受范围内,例如,充电电流高于依赖温度的上限设定点,则接下来执行框368,其中结束电池50的充电,并且接下来执行框340。
在框375,控制器30确定电池50的充电时间是否充足,并且如果是,则接下来执行框368,使电池50的充电终止。充电时间可以通过电池50的制造商或用户提供或通过控制器30确定。然后执行框340。然而,如果控制器30确定电池50的充电时间不充足,则在框380,控制器30使充电定时器增值并且然后接下来执行框360。
在框320,如果控制器30接收状态查询,如上所述,则接下来执行框385。在框385,控制器30确定电池50是否需要充电。如果电池50需要充电,则在框390确定继续到框395以开始电池50的充电。如果电池50不需要充电,则过程300返回到框310。
在框395,在给电池50充电开始之后,控制器30确定BMS 70的状态。如果控制器确定电池50的电流、电压和温度均在正常参数范围内,则过程300在框400继续。如果电池50的电流、电压和温度均不在正常参数范围内,则接下来执行框368,并且因此控制器30使电池50的充电停止。然后执行框340。
过程300在框405继续。如果电池50的状态不是标称的,则接下来执行框340,并且在框420使充电终止并且然后接下来执行框310。
在框405,确定通向电池50的电流,并且执行关于电流是否是在可接受范围内的评估。例如,充电电流低于依赖温度的上限设定点45,则接下来执行框410。如果充电电流高于依赖温度的上限设定点,则接下来执行框420并且使电池50的充电终止,并且接下来执行框310。
在框410,控制器30确定电池50的充电时间是否充足,并且如果是,则接下来执行框420,使电池50的充电终止。如上所讨论的,充电时间可以通过电池50的制造商或用户提供或通过控制器30确定。然后执行框310。然而,如果控制器30确定电池50的充电时间不充足,则控制器30在框415使充电定时器增值并且然后接下来执行框395。
如在此所使用的,修饰形容词的副词“大体上”意味着形状、结构、测量值、数值、计算值等可以偏离精确描述的几何形状、距离、测量值、数值、计算值等,这是因为材料、机械加工、制造、传感器测量、计算、处理时间、通信时间等方面的瑕疵。
计算设备(比如在此所讨论的那些)通常各自包括可通过一个或多个计算装置(比如上面所识别的那些)执行的并用于执行上面所描述的过程的框或步骤的指令。计算机可执行指令可以从使用多种程序设计语言和/或技术创建的计算机程序来编译或解读,这些语言和/或技术包括但不限于单独或组合的JavaTM、C、C++、C#、Visual Basic、Java Script、Perl、HTML、PHP等。通常,处理器(例如微处理器)例如从存储器、计算机可读介质等接收指令,并且执行这些指令,从而执行一个或多个过程,包括在此描述的一个或多个过程。这样的指令和其它数据可以使用多种计算机可读介质存储和传送。计算装置中的文件通常是存储在计算机可读介质上的数据,该介质比如为存储介质、随机存取存储器等。
计算机可读介质包括参与提供计算机可读数据(例如指令)的任何介质。这样的介质可以采取许多形式,包括但不限于非易失性介质、易失性介质等。非易失性介质包括,例如光盘或磁盘以及其他持续存储器。易失性介质包括动态随机存取存储器(DRAM),其典型地构成主存储器。计算机可读介质的普遍形式包括,例如软盘(floppy disk)、柔性盘(flexible disk)、硬盘、磁带、其它磁性介质、CD-ROM(光盘只读存储器)、DVD(数字化视频光盘)、任何其它光学介质、穿孔卡片、纸带、任何其它具有孔排列模式的物理介质、RAM(随机存取存储器)、PROM(可编程只读存储器)、EPROM(电可编程只读存储器)、FLASH-EEPROM(闪速电可擦除可编程只读存储器)、任何其它存储芯片或内存盒、或者任何其他计算机可读取的介质。
关于在此描述的介质、过程、***、方法等,应当理解的是,虽然这些过程等的步骤被描述成根据一定的有序序列发生,但是这些过程可以实施为以不同于本发明描述顺序的顺序来执行所述的步骤。进一步应当理解的是,某些步骤可以同时执行,其它步骤可以增加,或在此所述的某些步骤可以省略。换句话说,提供在此的过程的描述目的在于说明某些实施例,而不应以任何方式被解释为限制要求保护的发明。
因此,应当理解的是,上述说明书旨在是说明性的而不是限制性的。除了提供的示例,在阅读上述说明书的基础之上许多实施例和应用是显而易见的。本发明的范围不应参照上述说明书来确定,而是应该参照在此所附的和/或基于在此包括在非临时专利申请中的权利要求连同这些权利要求所享有的全部等效范围来确定。可以预见和预期未来的发展将会发生在在此所讨论的领域,且所公开的***和方法将被结合到这些未来的实施例中。总之,应当理解的是,所公开的主题能够进行修改和变化。
Claims (6)
1.一种方法,包含:
根据电池的测量温度来确定下限电压设定点、上限电压设定点、依赖温度的上限电流设定点、时间极限值、和下限电流滞后阈值设定点;
提供来自电池充电电路的充电电流;
确定充电电压是否高于所述下限电压设定点且低于所述上限电压设定点;以及
确定所述充电电流是否超过所述依赖温度的上限电流设定点,且如果是,
则除了所述充电电流超过所述依赖温度的上限电流设定点之外,如果所述充电电压在所述下限电压设定点和所述上限电压设定点之间,则启动定时器;并且
如果所述定时器达到所述时间极限值同时所述充电电流超过所述依赖温度的上限电流设定点且所述充电电压在所述下限电压设定点和所述上限电压设定点之间,
则当所述定时器期满时将所述充电电流降低到低于所述下限电流滞后阈值设定点。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包含当所述定时器超过所述时间极限时,将所述充电电流逐渐地降低到大体上没有电流。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包含随着所述电池的所述温度增加而降低所述依赖温度的上限电流设定点。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中预先确定所述下限电压设定点、所述上限电压设定点、所述时间极限值、和所述依赖温度的上限电流设定点中的任一个。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述电池是车辆电池。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述电池是富液式铅酸(FLA)电池。
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US20160332533A1 (en) | 2016-11-17 |
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US9789784B2 (en) | 2017-10-17 |
US20180037133A1 (en) | 2018-02-08 |
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