CN106146229A - A kind of alkaline land improving the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of alkaline land improving the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106146229A CN106146229A CN201610512924.9A CN201610512924A CN106146229A CN 106146229 A CN106146229 A CN 106146229A CN 201610512924 A CN201610512924 A CN 201610512924A CN 106146229 A CN106146229 A CN 106146229A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
- C05D1/02—Manufacture from potassium chloride or sulfate or double or mixed salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G1/00—Mixtures of fertilisers belonging individually to different subclasses of C05
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of alkaline land improving the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly and preparation method thereof, it is that the Chemical Mixed Fertilizer mixing cool drying pelletize melted with 79 116 parts obtains long-acting compound fertilizer by after 0.5 1.5 parts of urease inhibitors, 0.2 0.6 portions of nitrification inhibitors and 0.5 2 parts of γ polyglutamic acid mix and blends；Afterwards 46 parts of potassium feldspars, 58 parts of Vermiculitums, 5 10 parts of peat, 15 20 parts of maleic anhydrides, 6 10 parts of ardealites, 0.1 2 parts of EDTA, 12 15 parts of biochemical fulvic acids, 15 25 parts of potassium humates, 35 40 parts of poultry fermentation fertilizers, 80 120 parts of long-acting compound fertilizers and 15 parts of water-retaining agent are sufficiently mixed uniformly and get final product.The present invention can carry out effective salt reduction, fall alkali to alkaline land soil, and can improve utilization rate of fertilizer, alleviates the environmental pollution caused because using a large amount of chemical fertilizer, has fertilizer efficiency persistently long, the advantage of raw material environmental protection.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to alkaline land improving technical field, be specifically related to a kind of alkaline land improving the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly and system thereof
Preparation Method.
Background technology
Salt-soda soil is solonchak and alkaline earth and various salinization, the general name of alkali-affected soil.Solonchak refers to soluble organic fraction in soil
Content reaches to a certain degree, it is possible to the g and D of plant is produced the great soil group substantially endangered.Alkaline earth refers in soil containing big
Amount commutativity ion, quantity reaches to endanger the degree of plant growing and growth, and makes the soil that soil property changes.
Salt-soda soil is important land resource, and it is a kind of soil types widely distributed on the earth.Salt-soda soil preventing and treating and exploitation are to fill
The problem that district's agricultural development can not be ignored, for promoting agricultural sustainable development, Ensuring Food Safety has important function.
It is a kind of alkaline land improving means that salt-soda soil is used soil improvement fertilizer, but fertile the using of existing soil improvement
Often easily cause and use the defect that early stage fertilizer efficiency is relatively strong, late-acting weakens, additionally, existing soil improvement fertilizer there is also following the most not
Foot: ability and the effect of (1) reduction soil salt content are limited；(2) soil pH and alkalization of soils degree can not be effectively reduced simultaneously；
(3) water conservation of soil, water holding, water holding capacity can not be effectively improved；(4) permeability of soil is poor.
To this end, exploitation one can simultaneously effectively salt reduction fall alkali, improve the water conservation of soil, moisture holding capacity, enhancing soil
Physicochemical property, and effectively can alleviate the improving fertilizer of the secondary injury to the salinization of soil and have highly important by releasing nutrients composition
Meaning.
Summary of the invention
For above technological deficiency, the technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of alkaline land improving water conservation and delays
Releasing fertilizer and preparation method thereof, alkaline land soil can be improved by this alkaline land improving the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly, effective salt reduction, fall
Alkali, and utilization rate of fertilizer can be improved, alleviate the environmental pollution caused because using a large amount of chemical fertilizer, save the energy, improve soil
Earth fertility, have effect of increasing production substantially, fertilizer efficiency persistently length, low cost, raw material environmental protection, small investment, the simple advantage of production.
For solving above technological deficiency, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of alkaline land improving the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly, including the raw material of following parts by weight: maleic anhydride 15-20 part, phosphorus
Gypsum Fibrosum 6-10 part, EDTA0.1-2 part, biochemical fulvic acid 12-15 part, potassium humate 15-25 part, poultry fermentation fertilizer 35-40
Part, pyroligneous liquor 8-12 part, peat 5-10 part, potassium feldspar 4-6 part, Vermiculitum 5-8 part, long-acting compound fertilizer 80-120 part and water-retaining agent
1-5 part；
Described long-acting compound fertilizer includes gamma-polyglutamic acid-0.5-2 part, urease inhibitor 0.5-1.5 part, nitrification inhibitor
0.2-0.6 part and Chemical Mixed Fertilizer 79-116 part；
Described Chemical Mixed Fertilizer includes nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, middle trace element mixture, and the content of each component is for containing
Carbamide 35-45 part of nitrogen quantity 46%, the MAP 10-22 part containing phosphorus pentoxide amount 49% and nitrogen content 9%, containing potassium oxide
Potassium sulfate 15-18 part of amount 50%, ammonium sulfate 10-15 part of nitrogen content 21%, surplus is middle trace element mixture；
Described middle trace element mixture includes ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, Borax, ammonium molybdate and sulfur
Acid magnesium, and the ratio of weight and number of described ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, Borax, ammonium molybdate and magnesium sulfate is 1:
0.8-1.5:0.5-1.0:0.4-0.8:0.2-0.5:0.3-0.4:0.1-0.4.
Wherein, described urease inhibitor be ferrous sulfate, boric acid, N-NBPT, adjacent diphenylphosphoryl diamidogen,
One or more in hydroquinone, hexamethyl phosphoric triamide；Described nitrification inhibitor is the one in thiourea, dicyandiamide, cyanalcohol
Or it is multiple.
Wherein, described water-retaining agent is starch-grafted system water-retaining agent with cellulose graft system water-retaining agent by weight ratio for 1:3-
The mixture of 5 mixing compositions, described starch-series water-retaining agent is starch-grafted acrylonitrile or starch graft acrylamide, described fiber
Prime system water-retaining agent is cellulose graft acrylonitrile or cellulose graft acrylamide.
The preparation method of a kind of alkaline land improving the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1) after urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor goal grinding machine adding dehydrated alcohol ball milling 1-2 hour, ethanol is removed,
The mixed material obtained mixes with gamma-polyglutamic acid-, while the stirring limit that adds water is warming up to 80-95 DEG C of constant temperature and stirs 1.5-2 hour,
Lysate；
(2) being heated to melting by Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, the lysate obtained with step (1) is mixed homogeneously, the laggard cylinder of cool drying
Granulator granulation, obtains long-acting compound fertilizer；
(3), after potassium feldspar and Vermiculitum being mixed, add water and grind to form slurry, be added thereto to peat afterwards and be sufficiently mixed all
Even post-drying obtains mixed mineral powder；
(4) in the mixed mineral powder of step (3), add maleic anhydride, ardealite, EDTA, biochemical fulvic acid and corruption to plant
Acid potassium, after being uniformly mixed, is added thereto is sufficiently mixed long-acting compound fertilizer, poultry fermentation fertilizer and water-retaining agent all
Even and get final product.
Wherein, the preparation method of described poultry fermentation fertilizer is: by pig manure, cattle manure, sheep stool and chicken manure by weight ratio
1:1-1.5:1-2:2-3, the straw being added thereto to account for feces of livestock and poultry mixture weight 25-30% is broken, and accounts for mixing respectively
The humic acids of material gross mass 2-5% and the leaven of 0.2-0.5%, built heap by heap width 1.2-2m, heap height 1.2-2m, added water to contain
The water yield is 50-60%, fermentation, inserts thermometer detection temperature in heap, and every day period, stirring 1-2 time, treated that stockpile temperature first rises to
Gradually reduce to less than 40 DEG C and kept stable dry, pulverizing after more than 60 DEG C, to obtain final product.
Wherein, described leaven include bacillus subtilis, yeast, salt tolerant Azospirillum brasilense, streptococcus thermophilus and
Containing bacillus subtilis 0.8-1.2 × 10 in trichoderma reesei, and every milliliter of described fermenting agent5Cfu/g, yeast 1.5-2
×105Cfu/g, salt tolerant Azospirillum brasilense 0.6-1.0 × 105Cfu/g, streptococcus thermophilus 1-1.5 × 105Cfu/g and Richter scale wood
Mould 1.5-3.0 × 105cfu/g。
Wherein, the particle diameter of described poultry fermentation fertilizer is 80-100 mesh.
Maleic anhydride can directly neutralize the alkaline matter of alkaline land soil as acidity regulator, reduces the pH of soil, makes
Salt affected soil is suitable for the plantation of crop or plant.
The calcium ion contained in ardealite can replace the sodium of soil colloids absorption, adjusts sodium ion and calcium in soil
Ratio between ion, reduces the activity of sodium ion, plays the effect of salt reduction, and the aobvious acidity of ardealite, it is possible to neutralize saline-alkali soil
Alkali in earth, coordinates the use of potassium humate, can effectively reduce the pH in salt-soda soil.Additionally, calcium ion contained in ardealite
Can with carbonate in salt-soda soil and bicarbonate radical react generation calcium carbonate and calcium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate and calcium bicarbonate permissible
Promoting Zinc fractions spherulitic texture, its spherulitic texture can promote desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching speed with wrapping portion sodium ion, reduces soil simultaneously and holds
Weight, increases soil water permeability.
EDTA can react the complexations such as formation EDTA-Na, EDTA-Ca, EDTA-Fe with the sodium in soil, calcium, iron ion
Thing, the dissolubility of EDTA-Na is lower than other sodium salts, and the complex slightly soluble of EDTA-Ca, EDTA-Fe and other trace element
Yu Shui, therefore, adds EDTA and can reduce the salinity in soil.
Biochemical fulvic acid is originated and the matrix of soil beneficial microbe breeding as the significant energy of soil microorganism, can increase
Add the content of soil with organic matter, effectively improve the water of soil, fertilizer, air and heat situation, make soil become loose, promote soil
The formation of crumb structure.And the humic acids functional group in potassium humate can absorb storage potassium ion, prevent at sandy soil and leaching
Property soil outflows with water, clayed soil can be prevented again potassium fixation, have and combine the use of land with the nurturing of land, water conservation, fertilizer conservation effect
Substantially etc. the special efficacy of aspect, has good nutrients release adjusting function, is a kind of well Controlled Release Fertilizer, make nutrient early stage
Will not be too many, later stage nutrient will not be the lowest, and fertilizer curve is steady.
Chicken manure, cattle manure etc. are the fertilizers comparing high-quality, its purity nitrogen, phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) content is higher, and itself contains
Abundant nutrient, and source is wide, cheap and easy to get, fermented after poultry fertilizer can be that soil increases organic matter, abundant native
Nutrient content in earth, plays improving effect effectively, thus effectively reduces and use chemical fertilizer in a large number to saline-alkali soil soil
The secondary injury that earth causes.In sweat add crushed stalk granule etc. can increase the water penetration of soil, breathability and
Moisture retention, increases the content of organic matter of soil, and the leaven used in sweat ferments organic fertilizer application to salt with poultry
Can increase bacterial content in soil in alkaline earth earth, the increase of bacterial population can reduce the part salinity in salt-soda soil, improves soil
In microflora and the physicochemical property of soil.
Pyroligneous liquor be mainly composed of auximone, gibberellins, cytokinin (planting), abscisic acid, ethylene, organic
Acid system (phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, silicic acid etc.) hundreds of, yttrium: 12 kinds of potassium, sodium, magnesium, ferrum, manganese, calcium, chromium, zinc etc., also contain
There is multivitamin, there is the effect promoting plant growing, the improvement of saline-alkali soil can be applied to as plant growth substances, fertilizer
During.
Peat is the coal that degree of coalification is minimum, and its venting capability is good, light weight, water holding, fertilizer conservation, beneficially microbial activities,
Strengthen biological property, nutritious, it is cultivation matrix, is again good soil mediator agent, and containing the highest organic matter, rotten
Phytic acid and nutrition, with potassium feldspar, Vermiculitum with the use of, Soil ventilation water permeability can be made good, water conservation fertilizer-preserving ability is strong.
Potassium feldspar is alkali metal or the aluminium silicate minerals of alkaline-earth metal such as potassium, sodium, calcium, can come as the one of potash fertilizer
Source, and Vermiculitum contains multiple middle trace element, and the nutritional labeling of soil is had great regulation effect, the most also has ion
The ability of exchange, can promote during the reclamation of salinep-alkali soil displacement of sodium to soil colloids absorption.
Long-acting compound fertilizer as the fertile important component part of soil improvement, utilizes urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor
Effect so that it is the nitrogen element contained in middle quick-effective mixed fertilizer slowly discharges, and meanwhile, utilizes gamma-polyglutamic acid-in natural environment
Constantly degraded, and then the effect that the fertilizer element making it be chelated progressively discharges, makes crop to obtain over a period to come and continues
Nutrient supply, reach the purpose of fertilizer slow release, controlled release, the nutritional labeling concentration preventing early stage too high to soil and is grown on salt
The plant in alkali area damages, simultaneously without manuring late, time saving and energy saving.Additionally, polyglutamic acid has excellent water solublity,
Its peptide bond has the strongest biological activity in protein molecule, can intensify chemical fertilizer, and promotion nutriment in a fertilizer enlivens, therefore can be as fertilizer
The synergist of material makes the nutritional labeling in fertilizer directly be absorbed by plant, improves the utilization rate of fertilizer, reduces the usage amount of fertilizer.
And, γ-PGA has excellent biodegradability, and in being manured into soil, its catabolite rear is non-harmful glutamic acid, is
A kind of excellent environment-friendly type macromolecule material, can use as water-retaining agent and flocculant, environmental protection, pollution-free.
Water-retaining agent is a kind of macromolecular material with specific function, and not only water absorption, water-retaining property are the most excellent, Er Qie
Soil can be formed crumb structure, make soil water permeability, breathability strengthen, and the temperature difference in soil daytime and evening can be made to contract
Little, fertilizer can also be absorbed simultaneously, be allowed to discharge slowly, strengthen effect of fertilizer.Water-retaining agent of the present invention is starch-series water conservation
The mixing water-retaining agent of agent and cellulose-based water-retaining agent, the advantage simultaneously remaining starch based and cellulose water retention agent, stability
Height, water absorbing properties are good.But when it is with general chemistry application of mixed fertilizers, easily reduce its water-absorbing-retaining ability.The guarantor of the present invention
Water slow release fertilizer uses physical property to blend due to various raw materials, and water-retaining agent granule and fertiliser granulates maintain certain distance, simultaneously
Slow release fertilizer nutrient releasing speed is slow, is not result in that soil salts density is too high, thus avoids fertilizer to water-retaining agent performance
Impact.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The alkaline land improving the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly of the present invention utilizes maleic anhydride and the acid of ardealite to neutralize salt-soda soil soil
Alkali in earth, reduces its pH value, and under Vermiculitum promotes the effect of ion exchange, utilizes the calcium ion displacement soil in ardealite
The sodium ion of colloid surface absorption, is formed EDTA-Na by EDTA absorption sodium ion simultaneously, plays the effect of salt reduction, reduce high salt
The injury that plant is likely to result in by high pH, utilize biochemical fulvic acid, potassium humate, poultry fermentation fertilizer, peat, potassium feldspar,
Vermiculitum provides the various nutritional labelings required for plant growing for soil, improves the physicochemical property of soil simultaneously, promotes at soil
Middle formation crumb structure, improves the water penetration of soil, breathability, creates the environment being suitable for plant growing, utilizes pyroligneous liquor to provide
Various growth regulators needed for plant growing, utilize long-acting compound fertilizer for vegetation period nutritional labeling is slowly provided, it is not necessary to
Manuring late, time saving and energy saving while prevent the nutritional labeling of excessive concentrations from crop being caused burn seedlings injury, extend fertilizer efficiency time
Between, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, utilize water-retaining agent to improve the water-absorbing-retaining ability of soil.
Mentioned component is be combined with each other by the present invention, and salt affected soil can effectively be improved by the fertilizer of preparation, and improving Soil structure has
Being beneficial to plant growing, pollution-free to environment and crops, formula is reasonable simultaneously, balanced in nutrition, and using effect is more preferable, can substantially carry
High utilization rate of fertilizer, improves the survival rate of plant, is effectively improved the environment of varieties in saline-alkali areas.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment one
The alkaline land improving the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly of the present invention includes the raw material of following weight: maleic anhydride 15 parts,
Ardealite 6 parts, EDTA0.1 part, biochemical fulvic acid 12 parts, potassium humate 15 parts, poultry fermentation fertilizer 35 parts, pyroligneous liquor 8 parts,
5 parts of peat, potassium feldspar 4 parts, Vermiculitum 5 parts, long-acting compound fertilizer 80 parts and water-retaining agent 1 part；
Wherein, long-acting compound fertilizer includes gamma-polyglutamic acid-0.5 part, urease inhibitor 0.5 part, nitrification inhibitor 0.5 part
With Chemical Mixed Fertilizer 78.5 parts；
Chemical Mixed Fertilizer used includes nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, middle trace element mixture, and the content of each component is
Carbamide 35-45 part of nitrogen content 46%, the MAP 10-22 part containing phosphorus pentoxide amount 49% and nitrogen content 9%, containing oxidation
Potassium sulfate 15-18 part of potassium amount 50%, ammonium sulfate 10-15 part of nitrogen content 21%, surplus is middle trace element mixture；
Wherein, middle trace element mixture used includes ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, Borax, molybdenum
Acid ammonium and magnesium sulfate, and the weight portion of described ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, Borax, ammonium molybdate and magnesium sulfate
Number ratio is 1:0.8:0.7:0.6:0.4:0.4:0.2.
Urease inhibitor used is ferrous sulfate；Nitrification inhibitor used is dicyandiamide.
Wherein, water-retaining agent used is starch-grafted acrylonitrile with cellulose graft acrylamide by weight ratio for 1:3
The mixture of mixing composition.
The preparation method of the alkaline land improving the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1) after urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor goal grinding machine adding dehydrated alcohol ball milling 1-2 hour, ethanol is removed,
The mixed material obtained mixes with gamma-polyglutamic acid-, while the stirring limit that adds water is warming up to 80-95 DEG C of constant temperature and stirs 1.5-2 hour,
Lysate；
(2) being heated to melting by Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, the lysate obtained with step (1) is mixed homogeneously, the laggard cylinder of cool drying
Granulator granulation, obtains long-acting compound fertilizer；
(3), after potassium feldspar and Vermiculitum being mixed, add water and grind to form slurry, be added thereto to peat afterwards and be sufficiently mixed all
Even post-drying obtains mixed mineral powder；
(4) in the mixed mineral powder of step (3), add maleic anhydride, ardealite, EDTA, biochemical fulvic acid and corruption to plant
Acid potassium, after being uniformly mixed, is added thereto is sufficiently mixed long-acting compound fertilizer, poultry fermentation fertilizer and water-retaining agent all
Even and get final product.
Wherein, the preparation method of poultry fermentation fertilizer used is: pig manure, cattle manure, sheep stool and chicken manure are joined by weight
Ratio 1:1-1.5:1-2:2-3, the straw being added thereto to account for feces of livestock and poultry mixture weight 25-30% is broken, and accounts for mixed respectively
Close humic acids and the leaven of 0.2-0.5% of material gross mass 2-5%, build heap by heap width 1.2-2m, heap height 1.2-2m, add water to
Water content is 50-60%, fermentation, inserts thermometer detection temperature in heap, and every day period, stirring 1-2 time, treated that stockpile temperature first rises
After more than 60 DEG C, gradually reduce that to be dried to less than 40 DEG C and kept stable, be crushed to particle diameter be 80-100 mesh, to obtain final product.
Leaven used in sweat includes bacillus subtilis, yeast, salt tolerant Azospirillum brasilense, thermophilic chain
Containing bacillus subtilis 0.8-1.2 × 10 in coccus and trichoderma reesei, and every milliliter of described fermenting agent5Cfu/g, yeast
1.5-2×105Cfu/g, salt tolerant Azospirillum brasilense 0.6-1.0 × 105Cfu/g, streptococcus thermophilus 1-1.5 × 105Cfu/g and
Trichoderma reesei 1.5-3.0 × 105cfu/g。
It is applied to respectively on salt-soda soil with the alkaline land improving the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly of the present embodiment and conventional extended release fertilizer, enters
The cuttage planting experiment of row view salt-tolerant plant Vitex rotundifolia, under the conditions of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition content are equal, the guarantor of the present invention
Under water slow release fertilizer more conventional slow release fertilizer application conditions, the survival rate of Vitex rotundifolia improves more than 29%, and required waters waterside
Number and irrigation amount significantly reduce, and WUEL improves more than 45%, and plant recovery of nutrient improves more than 25%, and the list of next year
More preferably, vegetation cover rate improves more than 22% to leaf wild pepper upgrowth situation.
Embodiment two
The alkaline land improving the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly of the present invention includes the raw material of following weight: maleic anhydride 20 parts,
Ardealite 10 parts, EDTA2 part, biochemical fulvic acid 15 parts, potassium humate 25 parts, poultry fermentation fertilizer 40 parts, pyroligneous liquor 12 parts,
10 parts of peat, potassium feldspar 6 parts, Vermiculitum 8 parts, long-acting compound fertilizer 120 parts and water-retaining agent 5 parts；
Wherein, long-acting compound fertilizer used includes gamma-polyglutamic acid-2 parts, urease inhibitor 1.5 parts, nitrification inhibitor
0.5 part and Chemical Mixed Fertilizer 116 parts；
Chemical Mixed Fertilizer used includes nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, middle trace element mixture, and the content of each component is
Carbamide 35-45 part of nitrogen content 46%, the MAP 10-22 part containing phosphorus pentoxide amount 49% and nitrogen content 9%, containing oxidation
Potassium sulfate 15-18 part of potassium amount 50%, ammonium sulfate 10-15 part of nitrogen content 21%, surplus is middle trace element mixture；
Wherein, middle trace element mixture include ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, Borax, ammonium molybdate and
Magnesium sulfate, and the ratio of weight and number of described ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, Borax, ammonium molybdate and magnesium sulfate is
1:1.3:1.0:0.8:0.5:0.4:0.4.
Wherein, urease inhibitor used is boric acid；Nitrification inhibitor used is thiourea.
Wherein, water-retaining agent used is that starch-grafted acrylonitrile mixes for 1:5 by weight ratio with cellulose graft acrylonitrile
The mixture being combined into.
The present embodiment alkaline land improving the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly preparation method and the manufacture method of poultry fermentation fertilizer and reality
Execute example one identical.
Use respectively with the alkaline land improving the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly of the present embodiment and conventional extended release fertilizer and carry out corn planting
Test, under the conditions of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition content are equal, the emergence rate of Semen Maydis improves 12%, and planting percent improves 15%, and
The fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly due to needed for the Water-saving effect of water-retaining agent contained therein, more conventional slow release fertilizer irrigation times and irrigation amount obvious
Reducing, WUEL improves more than 50%, and plant recovery of nutrient improves about 28%, and corn yield improves 34%.
Embodiment three
The alkaline land improving the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly of the present invention includes the raw material of following weight: maleic anhydride 18 parts,
Ardealite 8 parts, EDTA1 part, biochemical fulvic acid 13 parts, potassium humate 18 parts, poultry fermentation fertilizer 38 parts, pyroligneous liquor 10 parts,
8 parts of peat, potassium feldspar 5 parts, Vermiculitum 6 parts, long-acting compound fertilizer 100 parts and water-retaining agent 3 parts；
Described long-acting compound fertilizer include gamma-polyglutamic acid-1.5 parts, urease inhibitor 1 part, nitrification inhibitor 0.5 part and
Chemical Mixed Fertilizer 97 parts；
Chemical Mixed Fertilizer used includes nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, middle trace element mixture, and the content of each component is
Carbamide 35-45 part of nitrogen content 46%, the MAP 10-22 part containing phosphorus pentoxide amount 49% and nitrogen content 9%, containing oxidation
Potassium sulfate 15-18 part of potassium amount 50%, ammonium sulfate 10-15 part of nitrogen content 21%, surplus is middle trace element mixture；
Wherein, middle trace element mixture include ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, Borax, ammonium molybdate and
Magnesium sulfate, and the ratio of weight and number of described ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, Borax, ammonium molybdate and magnesium sulfate is
1:1.5:1.0:0.7:0.5:0.3:0.3.
Wherein, urease inhibitor used is the mixture that N-NBPT forms by weight 1:3 with hydroquinone；
Nitrification inhibitor used is the mixture of thiourea, dicyandiamide, the cyanalcohol composition of 1:1:1 by weight.
Wherein, water-retaining agent used is starch-grafted acrylonitrile with cellulose graft acrylamide by weight ratio for 1:4
The mixture of mixing composition.
The present embodiment alkaline land improving the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly preparation method and the manufacture method of poultry fermentation fertilizer and reality
Execute example one identical.
In the Semen arachidis hypogaeae Production of Large Fields of slight alkaline land with use conventional quick-acting fertilizer carbamide, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium chloride are made
Contrast test, under the conditions of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, silicon nutrient content are equal, uses owing to its nutrients release is fast after conventional quick-acting fertilizer,
Semen arachidis hypogaeae seeding stage growing way shows slightly advantage, but enters after date of nourishing and growing, and the Water-retaining slow-release fertilizer of this enforcement is made the most of the advantage gradually, flower
Growth potential is more preferable.Contrasting after harvesting, result shows, uses the slow release fertilizer of this enforcement, and ratio uses conventional quick-acting fertilizer
Every mu of volume increase Semen arachidis hypogaeae 36 kilograms, increases production 9%, simultaneously as the water holding ability of water-retaining agent in fertilizer, decreases irrigation frequency and filling
The water yield, efficiency of water application improves 20%.
The embodiment four alkaline land improving field test effect in the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly improvement salt-soda soil:
Test site: moderate saline-alkali soil district of littoral area
The basic physicochemical character of soil is: salinity is 0.43-0.59%, and pH value is 8.4-9.4, soil moisture content 7.2-
9.2%, soil with organic matter content is 6.0-6.5g/kg
Earth's surface primordial condition: only Suaeda salsa free growth, vegetation cover rate 4.8-6.0% during June
Trial crops: Cotton Gossypii
Test period: in January ,-2016 in January, 2014
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN:
Test sets 5 process, is respectively as follows:
(1) matched group 1: the usual organic-inorganic complex fertilizer of cotton planting, its nutritional labeling nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium total amount are
48%, quality of organic matter mark is 20%, acidity more than 6.0, humic acids more than 10%, living bacteria count 0.2 hundred million/more than g
(2) matched group 2: general chemistry fertilizer, total nutrient >=45%, N-P2O5-K2O 15-15-15
(3) test group 1: use the prepared slow release of embodiment 1 and press down salt fertilizer
(4) test group 2: use the prepared slow release of embodiment 2 and press down salt fertilizer
(5) test group 3: use the prepared slow release of embodiment 3 and press down salt fertilizer
The pilot region area that each process is used is 100 square meters.
Process of the test:
Respectively the fertilizer of each test group and matched group 1 was applied when mid-April is at sowing cotton seed each test area, according to
The consumption of every square meter 0.5 kilogram applies, and then deep ploughs once to soil, and the degree of depth is that 35-45cm, CK2 carry out soil equally
Deep ploughing, the degree of depth is 35-45cm.Then Cotton Gossypii is carried out program request or bunch planting, hair seed every cave 3-5 grain, seed level 3-4 centimetre, broadcast after and
Time earthing suitably suppressing.Mid-November in the same year gathers in the crops, and contrasts its emergence rate, planting percent and yield etc., and result is divided
The most as shown in the table.
| Process | Emergence rate (%) | Planting percent (%) | Yield (kg) |
| Matched group 1 | 54.6 | 46.8 | 11.9 |
| Matched group 2 | 26.9 | 17.3 | 3.2 |
| Test group 1 | 71.5 | 66.4 | 28.5 |
| Test group 2 | 79.8 | 77.6 | 32.6 |
| Test group 3 | 77.3 | 69.8 | 31.8 |
After using alkaline land improving the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly (embodiment 1,2 or 3 preparation), Cotton Gossypii lint yield increases, with
The organic and inorganic compound quick-acting fertilizer control treatment of peasant habit is compared, and emergence rate, planting percent and yield all dramatically increase,
Show after the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly of the present invention is used, the soil physical chemistry performance in salt-soda soil can be obviously improved, salt reduction fall alkali
And Water-saving effect is all preferable, improves salt affected soil environment, make the ring that soil improvement is suitable for crop growth in this saline and alkaline region
Border, and the middle and late stage of cotton growth is due to the use of long-acting compound fertilizer so that whole trophophase is without follow-up fertilising, filling
Irrigate, the needs of cotton growth can be ensured.
This test when the beginning of spring next year to soil physico-chemical index having been carried out further detection, simultaneously to the ground after three months
Table vegetation average coverage rate carries out detection contrast, and result see table shown:
From upper table analysis, use the alkaline land improving the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly of the present invention after 1 year, the salinity of soil,
PH value the most substantially reduces, and soil moisture content and the content of organic matter are significantly raised, in such circumstances, and the vegetative coverage on earth's surface
Rate is also obviously improved, show the present invention the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly can salt reduction effective to alkaline land soil, fall alkali, water conservation, to soil
The improved effect of earth is good.Process of the test finds by contrast, the soil permeability after Term Fertilization, good permeability, without solid
Change, the generation of the phenomenon that hardens.Therefore, the environment of varieties in saline-alkali areas can be effectively improved, improve the survival rate of plant.
Can draw through above-mentioned result of the test, after using the alkaline land improving the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly of the present invention, salt-soda soil soil
The high salt of earth, high pH environment be improved significantly, the physicochemical property of soil includes permeable, ventilative, water conservation, the nutrient preserving capability of soil
And the content of organic matter is the most effectively promoted so that it is suitable for crop grows, and the emergence rate of crop, planting percent and yield all can obtain
To being effectively improved, wrap up additionally, long-acting compound fertilizer and potassium humate etc. have all played good slow release, press down the degeneration-resistant effect of salt,
Dramatically increase output of cotton, improve soil organic matter content, reduce soil salt content and the soil weight, preferably played fertilizer
Slow release, press down the effect in salt modified utilization salt-soda soil, and can continue in the trophophase of crop, slowly provide nutritional labeling, in
Phase is without fertilising, time saving and energy saving, and utilization rate of fertilizer is high, and decreases that to use the secondary salinization that chemical fertilizer causes in a large number existing
The generation of elephant.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention, not thereby limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, every utilize this
Amendment that bright description is made, equivalent, improvement etc., or directly or indirectly apply to other relevant technical fields,
The most in like manner it is included in the scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. an alkaline land improving the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly, it is characterised in that: include the raw material of following parts by weight: maleic anhydride
15-20 part, ardealite 6-10 part, EDTA0.1-2 part, biochemical fulvic acid 12-15 part, potassium humate 15-25 part, poultry fermentation have
Machine fertilizer 35-40 part, pyroligneous liquor 8-12 part, peat 5-10 part, potassium feldspar 4-6 part, Vermiculitum 5-8 part, long-acting compound fertilizer 80-120
Part and water-retaining agent 1-5 part；
Described long-acting compound fertilizer includes gamma-polyglutamic acid-0.5-2 part, urease inhibitor 0.5-1.5 part, nitrification inhibitor 0.2-
0.6 part and Chemical Mixed Fertilizer 79-116 part；
Described Chemical Mixed Fertilizer includes nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, middle trace element mixture, and the content of each component is nitrogen content
Carbamide 35-45 part of 46%, the MAP 10-22 part containing phosphorus pentoxide amount 49% and nitrogen content 9%, containing potassium oxide amount
Potassium sulfate 15-18 part of 50%, ammonium sulfate 10-15 part of nitrogen content 21%, surplus is middle trace element mixture；
Described middle trace element mixture includes ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, Borax, ammonium molybdate and sulphuric acid
Magnesium, and the ratio of weight and number of described ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, Borax, ammonium molybdate and magnesium sulfate is 1:
0.8-1.5:0.5-1.0:0.4-0.8:0.2-0.5:0.3-0.4:0.1-0.4.
Alkaline land improving the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described urease inhibitor is sulfur
Acid ferrous iron, boric acid, N-NBPT, neighbour diphenylphosphoryl diamidogen, hydroquinone, hexamethyl phosphoric triamide in one or
Multiple；Described nitrification inhibitor is one or more in thiourea, dicyandiamide, cyanalcohol.
Alkaline land improving the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described water-retaining agent is that starch connects
Branch is water-retaining agent mixes the mixture formed, described starch-series guarantor by weight ratio with cellulose graft system water-retaining agent for 1:3-5
Water preparation is starch-grafted acrylonitrile or starch graft acrylamide, described cellulose-based water-retaining agent be cellulose graft acrylonitrile or
Cellulose graft acrylamide.
4. according to the preparation method of a kind of alkaline land improving the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly described in any one of claim 1-3, its feature
It is: the manufacture method of described alkaline land improving the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly comprises the following steps:
(1) after urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor goal grinding machine adding dehydrated alcohol ball milling 1-2 hour, remove ethanol, obtain
Mixed material mix with gamma-polyglutamic acid-, while the stirring limit that adds water is warming up to 80-95 DEG C of constant temperature and stirs 1.5-2 hour, obtain dissolving
Liquid；
(2) being heated to melting by Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, the lysate obtained with step (1) is mixed homogeneously, cool drying laggard cylinder pelletize
Machine pelletize, obtains long-acting compound fertilizer；
(3) after potassium feldspar and Vermiculitum being mixed, add water and grind to form slurry, be added thereto to after peat is sufficiently mixed uniformly afterwards
Dry to obtain mixed mineral powder；
(4) in the mixed mineral powder of step (3), maleic anhydride, ardealite, EDTA, biochemical fulvic acid and humic acids are added
Potassium, after being uniformly mixed, is added thereto is sufficiently mixed long-acting compound fertilizer, poultry fermentation fertilizer and water-retaining agent uniformly
Obtain.
The preparation method of a kind of alkaline land improving the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: described
The preparation method of poultry fermentation fertilizer is: by pig manure, cattle manure, sheep stool and chicken manure 1:1-1.5:1-2:2-3 by weight ratio, to
Wherein add that to account for the straw of feces of livestock and poultry mixture weight 25-30% broken, and the corruption accounting for compound gross mass 2-5% respectively is planted
Acid and the leaven of 0.2-0.5%, build heap by heap width 1.2-2m, heap height 1.2-2m, and adding water to water content is 50-60%, fermentation,
In heap insert thermometer detection temperature, every day period stirring 1-2 time, gradually reduce after stockpile temperature first rises to more than 60 DEG C to
It is dried after less than 40 DEG C and kept stable, pulverizes, to obtain final product.
The preparation method of alkaline land improving the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: described fermentation
Agent includes bacillus subtilis, yeast, salt tolerant Azospirillum brasilense, streptococcus thermophilus and trichoderma reesei.
The preparation method of alkaline land improving the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: every milliliter of institute
State in fermenting agent containing bacillus subtilis 0.8-1.2 × 105Cfu/g, yeast 1.5-2 × 105Cfu/g, salt tolerant Brazil are admittedly
Nitrogen spirillum 0.6-1.0 × 105Cfu/g, streptococcus thermophilus 1-1.5 × 105Cfu/g and trichoderma reesei 1.5-3.0 × 105cfu/g。
The preparation method of alkaline land improving the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: described poultry
The particle diameter of fermentation fertilizer is 80-100 mesh.
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