CN106103846B - 高光泽金属效应纸 - Google Patents
高光泽金属效应纸 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106103846B CN106103846B CN201480054661.0A CN201480054661A CN106103846B CN 106103846 B CN106103846 B CN 106103846B CN 201480054661 A CN201480054661 A CN 201480054661A CN 106103846 B CN106103846 B CN 106103846B
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- paper
- base material
- phenyl
- alkyl
- cardboard
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 36
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title abstract description 36
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- -1 amine Ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 93
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920006317 cationic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- KCTAWXVAICEBSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoyloxy prop-2-eneperoxoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OOOC(=O)C=C KCTAWXVAICEBSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 6
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- UHESRSKEBRADOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl carbamate;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.CCOC(N)=O UHESRSKEBRADOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 28
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 58
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 40
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- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 24
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
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- 125000004642 (C1-C12) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical class [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052740 iodine Chemical class 0.000 description 11
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 11
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- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid Substances CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 9
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 9
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- 125000006710 (C2-C12) alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
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- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Substances C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 6
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 6
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- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
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- PNGLEYLFMHGIQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3-(n-ethyl-3-methoxyanilino)-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonate;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)CC(O)CN(CC)C1=CC=CC(OC)=C1 PNGLEYLFMHGIQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
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- SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CC(C)(C)O SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical group COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical class ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
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- 125000005428 anthryl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
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- PTJWCLYPVFJWMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO PTJWCLYPVFJWMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NYGZLYXAPMMJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-M metanil yellow Chemical group [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC(N=NC=2C=CC(NC=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)=C1 NYGZLYXAPMMJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005394 methallyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940095102 methyl benzoate Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003136 n-heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 235000021081 unsaturated fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WGEATSXPYVGFCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc ferrite Chemical compound O=[Zn].O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O WGEATSXPYVGFCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
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- D21H19/06—Metal coatings applied as liquid or powder
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种在纸基材上产生明亮光泽的金属涂层的方法。本发明的其他方面为可使用该方法得到的纸产品及该纸用于装饰性或包装目的的用途。
Description
本发明涉及一种在纸基材上产生明亮光泽的金属涂层的方法。本发明的其他方面为可使用该方法得到的纸产品和该纸用于装饰性或包装目的的用途。
现今在纸上的金属效应印刷通过直接在纸或卡纸板上印刷,例如含溶剂的铝油墨并随后用高光泽UV漆罩印而进行。结果为光泽表面,但是其比金属镜样表面的明亮光泽差得远。另一方面,明亮的光泽是包装工业以及装饰性目的的一个重要方面。因此,在这些工业中强烈需要非常高光泽的明亮金属化纸。本发明满足该需求并提供具有明亮金属光泽的纸。
令人惊奇地,已发现当直接在纸上印刷高光泽UV漆并用溶剂基金属油墨罩印时,光泽变得极其高和明亮。
在UV漆的组合物中使用的环氧丙烯酸酯和/或乙氧基化胺改性的聚醚丙烯酸酯与例如基于最细的蒸气沉积的铝片的油墨的组合为最终纸印刷提供镜样光泽。当将着色剂进一步加入金属油墨时,实现高光泽有色金属效应。
本发明涉及一种在纸或纸板基材上形成显现出光泽度的光滑装饰性表面涂层的方法,包括如下步骤:
A)将包含一种或多种烯键式不饱和化合物和一种或多种光敏引发剂的可固化组合物施加至纸基材的正面的至少一部分;
B)通过使用UV灯使所述组合物固化;和
C)将铝层印刷于经固化的组合物上,其中所述铝层包含粘合剂和平均直径为5.0μm至15μm且厚度为7nm至32nm的经蒸气沉积的铝颗粒。
该方法优选在包括如下的印刷装置上进行:
a)将纸基材进料通过所述装置的机构,
b)包括液体UV可固化组合物源和用于将液体组合物由所述源施加至基材表面的工具的涂覆站以及用于固化所述组合物的工具,
c)用于印刷金属油墨并随后干燥油墨的工具。
在一个实施方案中,本发明装置可为离线或独立应用的单元,或者在一个替换的优选实施方案中,其可为具有其它进一步的常规印刷、层压、切割、纵切和其它转换站作为整合制造工艺一部分的在线或整合***。
纸或纸板基材可呈一片或多片或卷材的形式。纸基材优选为能够使UV光透过的不透明纸基材。基材例如具有12微米至300微米的厚度。纸基材选自普通纸(regular paper)、钞票纸、合成纸或聚合物钞票。普通纸由木浆制成。钞票纸通常由棉制成。合成纸含有大部分衍生自石油的合成树脂作为其主要材料。合成纸存在三个主要的小类:
-薄膜合成纸如(PPG Industries;微孔的、高度填充的、单层(sinlelayer)的、聚烯烃合成材料)或(Covert-All,Inc.;不透明的白色的、多层的、双向拉伸聚丙烯(BOPP)产品);
-纤维合成纸(聚合物纤维,而不是木纤维);和
-薄膜层压合成纸:纸/薄膜/纸,例如(Landquart);薄膜/纸/薄膜,例如复合型钞票基材(Giesecke&Devrient;保护性聚酯膜包围棉纤维芯的组合)。
纸可含有荧光增白剂,例如均二苯代乙烯类型的增白剂。
在一个具体实施方案中,纸基材为单面涂覆或双面涂覆的涂料纸。该类纸为商业制品,且例如可由UPM-Kymmene Oyj以商品名Raflabrite(RTM)得到。该类纸的厚度通常为50-150μm。
在另一实施方案中,纸基材为可具有多层结构的纸板。纸板通常具有180-400μm的厚度。该类纸板例如可由IGGESUND(Holmen Group)以商品名Invercote(RTM)得到。这些类型的纸板广泛用于香烟包装。
纸的厚度根据ISO 534测量。
在本发明中合适的纸或纸板通常具有12-400μm的厚度,优选50-150μm的纸和151-300μm的纸板。
例如,纸或纸板基材具有根据ISO 8791-4(PPS 10)测得为小于1.5μm,优选小于1.1μm的粗糙度。
纸或纸板基材通常具有根据ISO 536测得为30g/m2至300g/m2的重量。
术语纸或纸板基材意指在所述方法中涂覆的最初的纸或纸板基材。
基材可包括由木浆或棉或合成木材游离纤维制成的纸。该纸可以经涂覆、压光或机械上光。
涂料纸的表面质地或粗糙度为最终的纸产品的一个重要特征,并且本质上导致镜样光泽。其例如可以通过数字全息显微镜(DHM)使用放大率x5的物镜以1st-WL的模式测量。测得的表面积例如为1mmx1mm。
Sz值为以纳米计的轮廓中测得的最大高度(峰)和最大深度(完整)值的平均距离。对于根据本发明涂覆的纸产品而言,这些Sz值通常等于或小于300nm。
本发明方法和装置中使用的灯具有例如处于UV-A区(400-320nm)和短波可见光谱(400-450nm)的发射峰。即,所述灯具有处于320-450nm范围的发射峰。
UV辐射通常按如下归类为UV-A、UV-B和UV-C:UV-A:400-320nm UV-B:320-290nmUV-C:290-100nm。
任何紫外线源可用作辐射源,例如高或低压汞灯、冷阴极管、黑光、紫外线LED、紫外线激光器和闪光。
本发明方法中可使用的灯的实例示于下文:
-中压汞弧通过引入小比例的金属卤化物而改性以改变光谱输出:
-掺杂铁-光谱输出移至350-450nm;
-掺杂镓-发射非常少的UV;在紫色和蓝色谱区的发射(通过用金属碘化物掺杂汞弧所预期的额外UV谱线,在如下波长/nm下:镓(Ga)403、417和铁(Fe)358、372、374/5、382、386、388);和
-聚焦反射二极管阵列(Focussed Reflected Diode Array)(FRDA)***(igb-tech GmbH),例如具有约400nm发射峰的FRDA 202。也可使用多光谱灯。
在另一实施方案中,紫外线LED灯可以单独或以与上述灯中的一种组合使用。
例如,用于固化组合物的灯为镓或铁掺杂的中压汞弧。
灯为辐照器的一部分,所述辐照器由铝壳构成,其含有具有椭圆形(或取决于应用呈抛物线)横截面的线性反射器。附于辐照器壳的反射器由具有高程度的UV反射率和耐锈蚀和腐蚀的特定铝制成。
为了实现最佳印刷速度,所使用的光敏引发剂或光敏引发剂混合物和灯应优化,取决于特定基材类型。
在一个实施方案中,UV-可固化组合物由正面固化。然而,还可由相反侧固化组合物,只要纸具有一定的不透明度或透明度以允许UV光通过。
光敏引发剂通常选自二苯甲酮、α-羟基酮类化合物、α-烷氧基酮类化合物、α-氨基酮类化合物、单和双酰基氧化膦化合物、苯甲酰甲酸酯化合物、肟酯化合物和盐化合物(锍盐化合物和碘盐化合物)及其混合物。
例如,光敏引发剂选自单和双酰基氧化膦化合物、α-氨基酮类化合物、肟酯化合物或其混合物。
在一个优选实施方案中,光敏引发剂选自单和双酰基氧化膦化合物及其混合物。
作为替换,可固化组合物包含单或双酰基氧化膦化合物与二苯甲酮化合物、α-羟基酮、α-烷氧基酮或α-氨基酮化合物的混合物。
当前最优选的光敏引发剂为单和双酰基氧化膦化合物。单和双酰基氧化膦化合物可单独使用。作为替换,可使用单和双酰基氧化膦化合物的混合物,或者单和双酰基氧化膦化合物可与如下的其它光敏引发剂混合使用:如二苯甲酮类、α-氨基酮类、α-羟基酮类、缩酮化合物、苯甲酰甲酸酯化合物、肟酯化合物或盐化合物,特别是二苯甲酮化合物、α-羟基酮、α-烷氧基酮或α-氨基酮化合物,非常特别是二苯甲酮化合物、α-羟基酮或α-烷氧基酮化合物。α-氨基酮化合物可单独地或与其它光敏引发剂混合地使用,如果泛黄不成问题的话。
光敏引发剂的实例是本领域熟练技术人员已知的且例如由Kurt Dietliker出版于“A compilation of photoinitiators commercially available for UV today”,SitaTechnology Textbook,Edinburgh,London,2002中。
合适酰基氧化膦化合物的实例具有式XII:
其中
R50为未取代的环己基、环戊基、苯基、萘基或联苯基;或为被一个或多个卤素、C1-C12烷基、C1-C12烷氧基、C1-C12烷硫基或被NR53R54取代的环己基、环戊基、苯基、萘基或联苯基;
或者R50为未取代的C1-C20烷基或为被一个或多个卤素、C1-C12烷氧基、C1-C12烷硫基、NR53R54或被-(CO)-O-C1-C24烷基取代的C1-C20烷基;
R51为未取代的环己基、环戊基、苯基、萘基或联苯基;或为被一个或多个卤素、C1-C12烷基、C1-C12烷氧基、C1-C12烷硫基或被NR53R54取代的环己基、环戊基、苯基、萘基或联苯基;或R51为-(CO)R’52;或R51为未取代或被一个或多个卤素、C1-C12烷氧基、C1-C12烷硫基或被NR53R54取代的C1-C12烷基;
R52和R’52相互独立地为未取代的环己基、环戊基、苯基、萘基或联苯基;或为被一个或多个卤素、C1-C4烷基或C1-C4烷氧基取代的环己基、环戊基、苯基、萘基或联苯基;或R52为包含S原子或N原子的5或6元杂环;
R53和R54相互独立地为氢、未取代的C1-C12烷基或被一个或多个OH或SH取代的C1-C12烷基,其中烷基链任选地被1-4个氧原子间隔;或R53和R54相互独立地为C2-C12链烯基、环戊基、环己基、苄基或苯基;
具体实例为双(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基)-苯基氧化膦2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基-二苯基-氧化膦(2,4,6三甲基苯甲酰基苯基)次膦酸乙酯;(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基)-2,4-二戊氧基苯基氧化膦;双(2,6-二甲氧基苯甲酰基)-2,4,4-三甲基戊基氧化膦。
进一步令人感兴趣的是式XII化合物与式XI化合物的混合物以及不同的式XII化合物的混合物。
实例为双(2,6-二甲氧基苯甲酰基)-2,4,4-三甲基戊基氧化膦与1-羟基环己基-苯基-酮的混合物、双(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基)-苯基氧化膦与2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基-丙-1-酮的混合物、双(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基)-苯基氧化膦与(2,4,6三甲基苯甲酰基苯基)次膦酸乙酯的混合物等。
合适二苯甲酮化合物的实例为式X化合物:
其中
R65、R66和R67相互独立地为氢、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、Cl或N(C1-C4烷基)2;
R68为氢、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、苯基、N(C1-C4烷基)2、COOCH3、
Q为具有2-6个羟基的多羟基化合物的残基;
x为大于1但不大于Q中可获得羟基数的数;
A为-[O(CH2)bCO]y-或-[O(CH2)bCO](y-1)-[O(CHR71CHR70)a]y-;
R69为氢、甲基或乙基;并且如果N大于1,则基团R69可相互相同或不同;
a为1-2的数;
b为4-5的数;
y为1-10的数;
n为;和
m为2-10的整数。
具体实例为BP(=二苯甲酮)、可得自Lamberti的Esacure(2,4,6-三甲基二苯甲酮和4-甲基二苯甲酮的混合物)、4-苯基二苯甲酮、4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、4,4’-二甲氧基二苯甲酮、4,4’-二甲基二苯甲酮、4,4’-二氯二苯甲酮、4,4’-二甲基氨基二苯甲酮、4,4’-二乙基氨基二苯甲酮、4-甲基二苯甲酮、2,4,6-三甲基二苯甲酮、4-(4-甲硫基苯基)二苯甲酮、3,3’-二甲基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、2-苯甲酰基苯甲酸甲酯、4-(2-羟基乙硫基)二苯甲酮、4-(4-甲苯基硫)二苯甲酮、4-苯甲酰基-N,N,N-三甲基苯甲铵氯化物、2-羟基-3-(4-苯甲酰基苯氧基)-N,N,N-三甲基-1-丙铵氯化物一水合物、4-(13-丙烯酰基-1,4,7,10,13-五氧杂十三烷基)二苯甲酮、4-苯甲酰基-N,N-二甲基-N-[2-(1-氧代-2-丙烯基)氧基]乙基苯甲铵氯化物;[4-(2-羟基-乙硫基)-苯基]-(4-异丙基苯基)-甲酮;联苯基-[4-(2-羟基-乙硫基)-苯基]-甲酮;联苯基-4-基-苯基-甲酮;联苯基-4-基-对甲苯基-甲酮;联苯基-4-基-间甲苯基-甲酮;[4-(2-羟基-乙硫基)-苯基]-对甲苯基-甲酮;[4-(2-羟基-乙硫基)-苯基]-(4-异丙基-苯基)-甲酮;[4-(2-羟基-乙硫基)-苯基]-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-甲酮;1-(4-苯甲酰基-苯氧基)-丙-2-酮;[4-(2-羟基-乙硫基)-苯基]-(4-苯氧基-苯基)-甲酮;3-(4-苯甲酰基-苯基)-2-二甲基氨基-2-甲基-1-苯基-丙-1-酮;(4-氯-苯基)-(4-辛硫基-苯基)-甲酮;(4-氯-苯基)-(4-十二烷硫基-苯基)-甲酮;(4-溴-苯基)-(4-辛硫基-苯基)-甲酮;(4-十二烷硫基-苯基)-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-甲酮;(4-苯甲酰基-苯氧基)-乙酸甲酯;联苯基-[4-(2-羟基-乙硫基)-苯基]-甲酮;1-[4-(4-苯甲酰基苯硫基)苯基]-2-甲基-2-(4-甲基苯基磺酰基)丙-1-酮(可获自Lamberti)。
合适α-羟基酮、α-烷氧基酮或α-氨基酮化合物的实例具有式(XI):
其中
R29为氢或C1-C18烷氧基;
R30为氢、C1-C18烷基、C1-C12羟基烷基、C1-C18烷氧基、OCH2CH2-OR34、吗啉代、S-C1-C18烷基、基团-HC=CH2、-C(CH3)=CH2、
d、e和f为1-3;
c为2-10;
G1和G2相互独立地为聚合物结构的端基,优选氢或甲基;
R34为氢、
R31为羟基、C1-C16烷氧基、吗啉代、二甲基氨基或-O(CH2CH2O)g-C1-C16烷基;
g为1-20;
R32和R33相互独立地为氢、C1-C6烷基、C1-C16烷氧基或-O(CH2CH2O)g-C1-C16烷基;或为未取代的苯基或苄基;或被C1-C12烷基取代的苯基或苄基;或R32和R33一起与它们所连接的碳原子形成环己基环;
R35为氢、OR36或NR37R38;
R36为氢、C1-C12烷基,其任选被一个或多个不连续O-原子间隔,且任选未被间隔或被间隔的C1-C12烷基被一个或多个OH取代,
或R36为
R37和R38相互独立地为氢或者未取代或被一个或多个OH取代的C1-C12烷基;
R39为C1-C12亚烷基,其任选被一个或多个不连续O间隔,-(CO)-NH-C1-C12亚烷基-NH-(CO)-或
条件是R31、R32和R33不同时为C1-C16烷氧基或-O(CH2CH2O)g-C1-C16烷基。
具体实例为1-羟基-环己基-苯基-酮或500(与二苯甲酮的混合物)、2-甲基-1[4-(甲硫基)苯基]-2-吗啉代丙-1-酮2-苄基-2-二甲基氨基-1-(4-吗啉代苯基)-丁-1-酮2-二甲基氨基-2-(4-甲基苄基)-1-(4-吗啉-4-基-苯基)-丁-1-酮(3,4-二甲氧基-苯甲酰基)-1-苄基-1-二甲基氨基丙烷、1-[4-(2-羟基乙氧基)-苯基]-2-羟基-2-甲基-1-丙-1-酮2,2-二甲氧基-1,2-二苯基乙-1-酮2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基-丙-1-酮2-羟基-1-{4-[4-(2-羟基-2-甲基-丙酰基)-苄基]-苯基}-2-甲基-丙-1-酮2-羟基-1-{4-[4-(2-羟基-2-甲基-丙酰基)-苯氧基]-苯基}-2-甲基-丙-1-酮、由Lamberti提供的Esacure KIP、2-羟基-1-{1-[4-(2-羟基-2-甲基-丙酰基)-苯基]-1,3,3-三甲基-二氢化茚-5-基}-2-甲基-丙-1-酮。
和产品可由BASF SE得到。
合适苯甲酰甲酸酯化合物的实例具有式XIII:
其中
R60为氢、C1-C12烷基或
R55、R56、R57、R58和R59相互独立地为氢、未取代的C1-C12烷基或被一个或多个OH、C1-C4烷氧基、苯基、萘基、卤素或被CN取代的C1-C12烷基;其中烷基链任选地被一个或多个氧原子间隔;或R55、R56、R57、R58和R59相互独立地为C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基或NR52R53;
R52和R53相互独立地为氢、未取代的C1-C12烷基或被一个或多个OH或SH取代的C1-C12烷基,其中烷基链任选地被1-4个氧原子间隔;或R52和R53相互独立地为C2-C12链烯基、环戊基、环己基、苄基或苯基;和Y1为任选地被一个或多个氧原子间隔的C1-C12亚烷基。
式XIII化合物的具体实例为氧代-苯基-乙酸2-[2-(2-氧代-2-苯基-乙酰氧基)-乙氧基]-乙酯α-氧代苯乙酸甲酯。
合适肟酯化合物的实例具有式XIV:
其中
z为0或1;
R70为氢、C3-C8环烷基;未取代或被一个或多个卤素、苯基或被CN取代的C1-C12烷基;或R70为C2-C5链烯基;未取代或被一个或多个C1-C6烷基、卤素、CN、OR73、SR74或被NR75R76取代的苯基;或R70为C1-C8烷氧基、苄氧基;或未取代或被一个或多个C1-C6烷基或被卤素取代的苯氧基;
R71为苯基、萘基、苯甲酰基或萘甲酰基,其各自被一个或多个卤素、C1-C12烷基、C3-C8环烷基、苄基、苯氧基羰基、C2-C12烷氧基羰基、OR73、SR74、SOR74、SO2R74或被NR75R76,取代,其中取代基OR73、SR74和NR75R76任选地经由基团R73、R74、R75和/或R76与苯基或萘基环上的其它取代基形成5或6元环;或其各自被苯基或被经一个或多个OR73、SR74或经NR75R66取代的苯基取代;
或R71为噻吨基或
R72为氢;未取代的C1-C20烷基或被一个或多个卤素、OR73、SR74、C3-C8环烷基或被苯基取代的C1-C20烷基;或为C3-C8环烷基;或为未取代或被一个或多个C1-C6烷基、苯基、卤素、OR73、SR74或被NR75R76取代的苯基;或为C2-C20烷酰基或苯甲酰基,其未取代或被一个或多个C1-C6烷基、苯基、OR73、SR74或被NR75R76取代;或为C2-C12烷氧基羰基、苯氧基羰基、CN、CONR75R76、NO2、C1-C4卤代烷基、S(O)y-C1-C6烷基或S(O)y-苯基,
y为1或2;
Y2为直接键或不为键;
Y3为NO2或
R73和R74相互独立地为氢、C1-C20烷基、C2-C12链烯基、C3-C8环烷基、被一个或多个(优选2个)O间隔的C3-C8环烷基、苯基-C1-C3烷基;或为被OH、SH、CN、C1-C8烷氧基、C1-C8烷酰基、C3-C8环烷基、被一个或多个(优选2个)O间隔的C3-C8环烷基取代的C1-C8烷基,或该C1-C8烷基被未取代或被一个或多个C1-C6烷基、卤素、OH、C1-C4烷氧基或被C1-C4烷基硫代取代的苯甲酰基取代;或为苯基或萘基,其各自未取代或被卤素、C1-C12烷基、C1-C12烷氧基、苯基-C1-C3烷氧基、苯氧基、C1-C12烷硫基、苯硫基、N(C1-C12烷基)2、二苯基氨基或被取代;
R75和R76相互独立地为氢、C1-C20烷基、C2-C4羟基烷基、C2-C10烷氧基烷基、C2-C5链烯基、C3-C8环烷基、苯基-C1-C3烷基、C1-C8烷酰基、C3-C12链烯酰基、苯甲酰基;或为苯基或萘基,其各自未取代或被C1-C12烷基、苯甲酰基或被C1-C12烷氧基取代;或R75和R76一起为C2-C6亚烷基,其任选地被O或NR73间隔且任选地被羟基、C1-C4烷氧基、C2-C4烷酰氧基或被苯甲酰氧基取代;
R77为C1-C12烷基、噻吩基或苯基,其未取代或被C1-C12烷基、OR73、吗啉代或被N-咔唑基取代。
具体实例为1,2-辛二酮1-[4-(苯硫基)苯基]-2-(O-苯甲酰肟)乙酮1-[9-乙基-6-(2-甲基苯甲酰基)-9H-咔唑-3-基]-1-(O-乙酰基肟)9H-噻吨-2-甲醛9-氧代-2-(O-乙酰基肟)、乙酮1-[9-乙基-6-(4吗啉代苯甲酰基)-9H-咔唑-3-基]-1-(O-乙酰基肟)、乙酮1-[9-乙基-6-(2-甲基-4-(2-(1,3-二氧代-2-二甲基-环戊-5-基)乙氧基)-苯甲酰基)-9H-咔唑-3-基]-1-(O-乙酰基肟)(Adeka N-1919)、乙酮1-[9-乙基-6-硝基-9H-咔唑-3-基]-1-[2-甲基-4-(1-甲基-2-甲氧基)乙氧基)苯基]-1-(O-乙酰基肟)(Adeka NCI831)等。
还可以加入阳离子光敏引发剂,例如过氧化苯甲酰(其它合适的过氧化物描述于US 4 950 581,第19栏第17-25行中),或芳族锍、或碘盐,例如描述于例如US 4 950581,第18栏第60行至第19栏第10行中。
合适的锍盐化合物具有式XVa、XVb、XVc、XVd或XVe:
其中
R80、R81和R82各自相互独立地为未取代的苯基或被–S-苯基或被取代的苯基;
R83为直接键、S、O、CH2、(CH2)2、CO或NR89;
R84、R85、R86和R87相互独立地为氢、C1-C20烷基、C3-C8环烷基、C1-C20烷氧基、C2-C20链烯基、CN、OH、卤素、C1-C6烷硫基、苯基、萘基、苯基-C1-C7烷基、萘基-C1-C3烷基、苯氧基、萘氧基、苯基-C1-C7烷氧基、萘基-C1-C3烷氧基、苯基-C2-C6链烯基、萘基-C2-C4链烯基、S-苯基、(CO)R89、O(CO)R89、(CO)OR89、SO2R89或OSO2R89;
R88为C1-C20烷基、C1-C20羟基烷基、
R89为氢、C1-C12烷基、C1-C12羟基烷基、苯基、萘基或联苯基;
R90、R91、R92和R93相互独立地具有对R84所给含义之一;或R90和R91与它们所连接的苯环结合形成稠合环体系;
R95为直接键、S、O或CH2;
R96为氢、C1-C20烷基;被一个或多个O间隔的C2-C20烷基;或为–L-M-R98或-L-R98;
R97具有对R96所给含义之一或为
R98为单价敏化剂或光敏引发剂结构部分;
Ar1和Ar2相互独立地为未取代或被C1-C20烷基、卤素或OR99取代的苯基;或为未取代的萘基、蒽基、菲基或联苯基;
或为被C1-C20烷基、卤素或OR99取代的萘基、蒽基、菲基或联苯基;
或为-Ar4-A1-Ar3或
Ar3为未取代的苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基或联苯基;
或为被C1-C20烷基、OR99或苯甲酰基取代的苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基或联苯基;
Ar4为亚苯基、亚萘基、亚蒽基或亚菲基;
A1为直接键、S、O或C1-C20亚烷基;
X为CO、C(O)O、OC(O)、O、S或NR99;
L为直接键、S、O、C1-C20亚烷基或被一个或多个不连续O间隔的C2-C20亚烷基;
R99为C1-C20烷基或C1-C20羟基烷基;或为被O(CO)R102取代的C1-C20烷基;
M1为S、CO或NR100;
M2为直接键、CH2、O或S;
R100和R101相互独立地为氢、卤素、C1-C8烷基、C1-C8烷氧基或苯基;
R102为C1-C20烷基;
R103为和
E为阴离子,尤其是PF6、SbF6、AsF6、BF4、(C6F5)4B、Cl、Br、HSO4、CF3-SO3、F-SO3、CH3-SO3、ClO4、PO4、NO3、SO4、CH3-SO4或
锍盐化合物的具体实例例如为(BASF SE);UVI-6990、UVI-6974(Union Carbide),KI 85(Degussa),SP-55、SP-150、SP-170(Asahi Denka),GE UVE 1014(General Electric),KI-85(=三芳基锍六氟磷酸盐;Sartomer),CD 1010(=混合的三芳基锍六氟锑酸盐;Sartomer);CD 1011(=混合的三芳基锍六氟磷酸盐;Sartomer),
合适的碘盐化合物具有式XVI:
其中
R110和R111各自相互独立地为氢、C1-C20烷基、C1-C20烷氧基、OH-取代的C1-C20烷氧基、卤素、C2-C12链烯基、C3-C8环烷基,尤其是甲基、异丙基或异丁基;和
E为阴离子,尤其是PF6、SbF6、AsF6、BF4、(C6F5)4B、Cl、Br、HSO4、CF3-SO3、F-SO3、CH3-SO3、ClO4、PO4、NO3、SO4、CH3-SO4或
碘盐化合物的具体实例为例如四(五氟苯基)硼酸甲苯基枯基碘盐、六氟锑酸或六氟磷酸4-[(2-羟基-十四烷氧基)苯基]苯基碘盐、六氟磷酸甲苯基枯基碘盐、六氟磷酸4-异丙基苯基-4'-甲基苯基碘盐、六氟磷酸4-异丁基苯基-4'-甲基苯基碘盐(BASF SE)、六氟磷酸或六氟锑酸4-辛氧基苯基-苯基碘盐、六氟锑酸或六氟磷酸双(十二烷基苯基)碘盐、六氟磷酸双(4-甲基苯基)碘盐、六氟磷酸双(4-甲氧基苯基)碘盐、六氟磷酸4-甲基苯基-4'-乙氧基苯基碘盐、六氟磷酸4-甲基苯基-4'-十二烷基苯基碘盐、六氟磷酸4-甲基苯基-4'-苯氧基苯基碘盐。
在所提及的所有碘盐中,具有其它阴离子的化合物当然也是合适的。碘盐的制备是本领域熟练技术人员已知的且例如描述于如下文献中:US 4151175、US 3862333、US4694029、EP 562897、US 4399071、US 6306555、WO 98/46647J.V.Crivello,"光引发阳离子聚合",紫外线固化:Science and Technology,编辑S.P.Pappas,第24-77页,TechnologyMarketing Corporation,Norwalk,Conn.1980,ISBN号0-686-23773-0;J.V.Crivello,J.H.W.Lam,Macromolecules,10,1307(1977)和J.V.Crivello,Ann.Rev.Mater.Sci.1983,13,第173-190页和J.V.Crivello,Journal of Polymer Science,部分A:PolymerChemistry,第37卷,4241-4254(1999)。
卤素为氟、氯、溴和碘。
C1-C24烷基(C1-C20烷基,尤其是C1-C12烷基)可能的话通常为线性或支化的。实例为甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、2-戊基、3-戊基、2,2-二甲基丙基、1,1,3,3-四甲基戊基、正己基、1-甲基己基、1,1,3,3,5,5-六甲基己基、正庚基、异庚基、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基、1-甲基庚基、3-甲基庚基、正辛基、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基和2-乙基己基、正壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十五烷基、十六烷基、十七烷基或十八烷基。C1-C8烷基通常为甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、2-戊基、3-戊基、2,2-二甲基丙基、正己基、正庚基、正辛基、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基和2-乙基己基。C1-C4烷基通常为甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基。
C2-C12链烯基(C2-C5链烯基)为直链或支化链烯基,例如乙烯基、烯丙基、甲代烯丙基、异丙烯基、2-丁烯基、3-丁烯基、异丁烯基、正戊-2,4-二烯基、3-甲基-丁-2-烯基、正辛-2-烯基或正十二碳-2-烯基。
C1-C12烷氧基(C1-C8烷氧基)为直链或支化烷氧基,例如甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、仲丁氧基、异丁氧基、叔丁氧基、戊氧基、异戊氧基或叔戊氧基、庚氧基、辛氧基、异辛氧基、壬氧基、癸氧基、十一烷氧基和十二烷氧基。
C1-C12烷硫基(C1-C8烷硫基)为直链或支化烷硫基且具有与烷氧基相同的优选含义,不同之处在于氧被硫替换。
C1-C12亚烷基为二价C1-C12烷基,即具有两个(而不是一个)自由价键的烷基,例如三亚甲基或四亚甲基。
环烷基通常为C3-C8环烷基,例如环戊基、环己基、环庚基或环辛基,其可为未取代或取代的。
在几种情况下,有利的是除了光敏引发剂外还使用敏化剂化合物。合适敏化剂化合物的实例公开于WO 06/008251,第36页,第30行至第38页,第8行中,其公开内容在此处通过引用并入。作为敏化剂,可尤其使用上述二苯甲酮化合物。
在一个本发明的实施方案中,光敏引发剂选自单和双酰基氧化膦、α-羟基酮、α-烷氧基酮或α-氨基酮化合物及其混合物。
可固化组合物通过紫外(U.V.)线固化。该类型的组合物通常称为UV漆。UV固化漆为市售产品且可例如由BASF SE得到。本发明所用暴露于光化辐射下的漆在暴露于UV光后需要达到凝固阶段。特别适于漆组合物的是工业涂料和制版技术中辐射固化工业中所用的化学品。特别合适的是含有一种或几种会引发暴露于UV辐射下的漆层聚合的光潜催化剂的组合物。特别适于快速固化和转化成固态的是包含一种或几种对自由基聚合敏感的单体和低聚物如丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯或含有至少一个烯键式不饱和基团的单体或/和低聚物的组合物。
不饱和化合物可以包括一个或多个烯属双键。它们可以具有低分子量(单体)或高分子量(低聚)。含有一个双键的单体实例为丙烯酸烷基、羟基烷基或氨基酯或甲基丙烯酸烷基、羟基烷基或氨基酯,例如丙烯酸甲基、乙基、丁基、2-乙基己基或2-羟基乙基酯、丙烯酸异冰片酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯或甲基丙烯酸乙酯。聚硅氧烷丙烯酸酯也是有利的。其它实例为丙烯腈、丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、N-取代的(甲基)丙烯酰胺、乙烯基酯如乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯基醚如异丁基乙烯基醚、苯乙烯、烷基-和卤代苯乙烯、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、氯乙烯或偏二氯乙烯。
含有两个或更多个双键的单体实例为乙二醇、丙二醇、新戊二醇、己二醇或双酚A的二丙烯酸酯,和4,4'-二(2-丙烯酰氧乙氧基)二苯基丙烷、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯或四丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸乙烯酯、二乙烯基苯、琥珀酸二乙烯酯、邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯、磷酸三烯丙酯、异氰脲酸三烯丙酯或异氰脲酸三(2-丙烯酰氧乙基)酯。
较高分子量的多不饱和化合物(低聚物)的实例为丙烯酸酯化环氧树脂,含有丙烯酸酯、乙烯醚或环氧基的聚酯以及聚氨酯和聚醚。不饱和低聚物的其它实例为不饱和聚酯树脂,其通常由马来酸、邻苯二甲酸和一种或多种二醇制备且分子量约为500-3000。此外还可以使用具有聚酯、聚氨酯、聚醚、聚乙烯基醚和环氧主链的乙烯基醚单体和低聚物以及马来酸酯封端的低聚物。特别合适的为带有乙烯基醚基团的低聚物与聚合物的组合,如WO90/01512所述。然而,乙烯基醚与马来酸官能化单体的共聚物也是合适的。该类不饱和低聚物也可称为预聚物。
特别合适的实例为烯键式不饱和羧酸和多元醇或多环氧化物的酯,以及在链中或在侧基中具有烯键式不饱和基团的聚合物,例如不饱和聚酯、聚酰胺和聚氨酯及其共聚物、在侧链中含有(甲基)丙烯酸基团的聚合物和共聚物,以及一种或多种该聚合物的混合物。
不饱和羧酸的实例为丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、巴豆酸、衣康酸、肉桂酸和不饱和脂肪酸如亚麻酸或油酸。优选丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸。
合适的多元醇为芳族,和尤其是脂族和脂环族多元醇。芳族多元醇的实例为氢醌、4,4’-二羟基联苯、2,2-二(4-羟基苯基)丙烷,以及线型酚醛清漆和甲阶酚醛树脂。多环氧化物的实例为基于上述多元醇,尤其是芳族多元醇和表氯醇的那些。其它合适的多元醇为在聚合物链中或在侧基中含有羟基的聚合物和共聚物,例如聚乙烯醇及其共聚物或聚甲基丙烯酸羟基烷基酯或其共聚物。其它合适的多元醇为具有羟基端基的低聚酯。
脂族和脂环族多元醇的实例为具有优选2-12个C原子的亚烷基二醇,例如乙二醇,1,2-或1,3-丙二醇,1,2-、1,3-或1,4-丁二醇,戊二醇,己二醇,辛二醇,十二烷二醇,二甘醇,三甘醇,具有分子量为优选200-1500的聚乙二醇,1,3-环戊二醇,1,2-、1,3-或1,4-环己二醇,1,4-二羟基甲基环己烷,甘油,三(β-羟基乙基)胺,三羟甲基乙烷,三羟甲基丙烷,季戊四醇,二季戊四醇和山梨醇。
多元醇可以部分或完全地被一种羧酸或被不同的不饱和羧酸酯化,且在偏酯中游离羟基可以用其它羧酸改性,例如醚化或酯化。
酯类的实例为:三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基乙烷三丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基乙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、四亚甲基二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三甘醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、四甘醇二丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇二丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇二丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇五丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯、三季戊四醇八丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三甲基丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇四甲基丙烯酸酯、三季戊四醇八甲基丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇二衣康酸酯、二季戊四醇三衣康酸酯、二季戊四醇五衣康酸酯、二季戊四醇六衣康酸酯、乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,3-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,3-丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二衣康酸酯、山梨醇三丙烯酸酯、山梨醇四丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇改性三丙烯酸酯、山梨醇四甲基丙烯酸酯、山梨醇五丙烯酸酯、山梨醇六丙烯酸酯、低聚酯丙烯酸酯类和甲基丙烯酸酯类、甘油二丙烯酸酯和三丙烯酸酯、1,4-环己烷二丙烯酸酯、分子量为200-1500的聚乙二醇的二丙烯酸酯类和二甲基丙烯酸酯类或其混合物。
还适合作为可聚合组分的为相同或不同的不饱和羧酸与含有优选2-6个,尤其是2-4个氨基的芳族、脂环族和脂族多胺的酰胺。该类多胺的实例为乙二胺,1,2-或1,3-丙二胺,1,2-、1,3-或1,4-丁二胺,1,5-戊二胺,1,6-己二胺,辛二胺,十二烷二胺,1,4-二氨基环己烷,异佛尔酮二胺,亚苯基二胺,亚联苯基二胺,二-β-氨基乙基醚,二亚乙基三胺,三亚乙基四胺,二(β-氨基乙氧基)-或二(β-氨基丙氧基)乙烷。其它合适的多胺为聚合物和共聚物,其在侧链中优选具有额外氨基,和具有氨基端基的低聚酰胺。该类不饱和酰胺的实例为亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、1,6-六亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、二亚乙基三胺三甲基丙烯酰胺、双(甲基丙烯酰胺基丙氧基)乙烷、甲基丙烯酸β-甲基丙烯酰胺基乙基酯和N[(β-羟基乙氧基)乙基]丙烯酰胺。
合适的不饱和聚酯和聚酰胺例如衍生自马来酸和二醇或二胺。一些马来酸可被其它二羧酸替代。它们可与烯键式不饱和共聚单体如苯乙烯一起使用。聚酯和聚酰胺也可衍生自二羧酸和烯键式不饱和二醇或二胺,尤其是衍生自具有相对长链如6-20个C原子的那些。聚氨酯的实例为包含饱和或不饱和二异氰酸酯和不饱和或相应地饱和二醇的那些。
在侧链中具有(甲基)丙烯酸酯基团的聚合物同样是已知的。它们可以是例如基于线型酚醛清漆的环氧树脂与(甲基)丙烯酸的反应产物,或者可以是乙烯醇或其用(甲基)丙烯酸酯化的羟基烷基衍生物的均聚物或共聚物,或者可以是用(甲基)丙烯酸羟基烷基酯酯化的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的均聚物和共聚物。
在侧链中具有丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯基团的其它合适聚合物是例如溶剂可溶性或碱溶性聚酰亚胺前体,例如聚(酰胺酸酯)化合物,其具有与分子中主链或酯基团连接的可光聚合侧基,即根据EP624826。该类低聚物或聚合物可用任选地反应性稀释剂如多官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯配制,以制备高度敏感性聚酰亚胺前体。
可聚合组分的实例还为在分子结构中具有至少两个烯键式不饱和基团和至少一个羧基官能团的聚合物或低聚物,例如通过饱和或不饱和多元酸酐与环氧化合物和不饱和单羧酸的反应产物的反应获得的树脂,例如JP 10-301276中描述的光敏化合物和市售产品如EB9696,UCB Chemicals;KAYARAD TCR1025,Nippon Kayaku Co.,LTD.,NK OLIGO EA-6340,EA-7440(获自Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co.,Ltd.),或在含羧基树脂与具有α,β-不饱和双键和环氧基团的不饱和化合物之间形成的加成产物(例如ACA200M,DaicelIndustries,Ltd.)。作为可聚合组分的实例,额外的市售产品为ACA200、ACA210P、ACA230AA、ACA250、ACA300、ACA320(获自Daicel Chemical Industries,Ltd.)。
可光聚合化合物单独或以任何所需混合物使用。优选使用多元醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯的混合物。
作为稀释剂,单-或多官能烯键式不饱和化合物或几种所述化合物的混合物可包括在上述组合物中,基于组合物的固体部分高达70重量%。
本发明还提供组合物,其包含作为可聚合组分的至少一种烯键式不饱和可光聚合化合物,其在水中或有机溶剂中乳化或溶解。
不饱和可聚合组分也可以与不可光聚合、成膜组分混合使用。这些可例如为物理干燥聚合物或其在有机溶剂如硝基纤维素或乙酰丁酸纤维素中的溶液。然而,它们也可以为化学和/或热固化(热固性)树脂,实例为多异氰酸酯、聚环氧化物和蜜胺树脂以及聚酰亚胺前体。同时使用热固性树脂对称为混杂体系的体系中应用是重要的,所述混杂体系在第一阶段先进行光聚合,在第二阶段借助热后处理而交联。
可聚合组合物可额外包含溶剂。溶剂可以为酯/醇共混物,优选乙酸正丙酯和乙醇。更优选,酯/醇共混物的比例为10:1-40:1,甚至更优选20:1-30:1。所用溶剂可包括如下中任意一种或多种:酯如乙酸正丙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯;醇如乙醇、工业用甲醇变性酒精、异丙醇或正丙醇;酮如甲乙酮或丙酮;芳烃如甲苯,和水。
尽管水可单独用作稀释剂,但是其在大多数情况下与有机溶剂如醇一起使用。
将光敏引发剂或光敏引发剂的混合物掺入配制剂/组合物中以引发UV-固化过程。
在一个具体实施方案中,可固化组合物包含:
(a)5.0-0.5,特别是5.0-1.0,非常特别是4.0-2.5重量%的光敏引发剂,
(b)99.5-95,特别是99-95,非常特别是97.5-96重量%的一种或多种烯键式不饱和树脂,单体或其混合物
其中组分a)至c)之和总计100%。
光敏引发剂通常基于总可固化组合物的重量以1-20重量%,优选3-10重量%的量加入。
可固化组合物可包含各种添加剂。其实例包括热抑制剂、光稳定剂、荧光增白剂、填料和颜料,以及白色和彩色颜料、染料、抗静电剂、粘合促进剂、润湿剂、流动助剂、润滑剂、蜡、防粘剂、分散剂、乳化剂、抗氧化剂;填料如滑石、石膏、硅酸、金红石、炭黑、锌氧化物、铁氧化物;反应加速剂、增稠剂、消光剂、消泡剂、流平剂和其它常用助剂(例如在漆、油墨和涂料技术中)。
UV漆可包含环氧-丙烯酸酯(获自Sartomer Europe系列)或系列(获自BASF SE)(10-60%)和一种或几种丙烯酸酯(单官能和多官能)单体(获自Sartomer Europe或BASF SE)(20-90%)和一种或几种光敏引发剂(1-15%)如819(BASF SE)和流平剂如361(0.01-1%)(获自BYK Chemie)。
在另一本发明实施方案中,可将紫外线涂层着色。即可固化组合物可包含颜料和/或染料。颜料可为透明有机有色颜料或无机颜料。
合适的有色颜料尤其包括选自如下的有机颜料:偶氮、偶氮甲碱、次甲基、蒽醌、酞菁、紫环酮、二萘嵌苯、二酮吡咯并吡咯、硫靛蓝、二嗪、亚氨基异吲哚啉、二嗪、亚氨基异吲哚啉、喹吖啶酮、黄烷士林、阴丹士林、蒽素嘧啶和喹酞酮,或其混合物或固溶体;尤其是二嗪、二酮吡咯并吡咯、喹吖啶酮、酞菁、阴丹士林或亚氨基异吲哚啉颜料,或其混合物或固溶体。
特别令人感兴趣的有色有机颜料包括C.I.颜料红202、C.I.颜料红122、C.I.颜料红178、C.I.颜料红179、C.I.颜料红170、C.I.颜料红144、C.I.颜料红177、C.I.颜料红254、C.I.颜料红255、C.I.颜料红264、C.I.颜料棕23、C.I.颜料黄109、C.I.颜料黄110、C.I.颜料黄138、C.I.颜料黄147、C.I.颜料黄150、C.I.颜料黄151、C.I.颜料黄155、C.I.颜料黄185、C.I.颜料橙61、C.I.颜料橙71、C.I.颜料橙73、C.I.颜料橙48、C.I.颜料橙49、C.I.颜料蓝15、C.I.颜料蓝16、C.I.颜料蓝60、C.I.颜料紫23、C.I.颜料紫37、C.I.颜料紫19、C.I.颜料绿7、C.I.颜料绿36、WO08/055807所述片状的2,9-二氯-喹吖啶酮,或其混合物或固溶体。
合适的有色颜料还包括常规无机颜料;尤其是选自如下的那些:金属氧化物、二氧化钛、锑黄、铬酸铅、铬酸硫酸铅、钼酸铅、群青蓝、钴蓝、锰蓝、氧化铬绿、水合氧化铬绿、钴绿和金属硫化物,例如铈或镉硫化物、硫硒化镉、铁酸锌、钒酸铋、普鲁士蓝、Fe3O4、炭黑和混合金属氧化物。市售无机颜料的实例为3920、920、645T、303T、110、110M、CHROMOXIDGRUEN GN和CHROMOXIDGRUEN GN-M。
可用于将可固化组合物着色的染料的实例选自偶氮、偶氮甲碱、次甲基、蒽醌、酞菁、二嗪、黄烷士林、阴丹士林、蒽素嘧啶和金属配合物染料。单偶氮染料、钴配合物染料、铬配合物染料、蒽醌染料和铜酞菁染料是优选的。
其他实例为功能染料和颜料,例如磁性颜料、IR-吸收剂、荧光和磷光材料、热变色染料和颜料。
在一个本发明的典型实施方案中,可固化组合物包含乙氧基化低聚醚丙烯酸酯、乙氧基化胺改性聚醚丙烯酸酯、环氧丙烯酸酯、聚酯丙烯酸酯或氨基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯。
更具体而言,可固化组合物包含乙氧基化胺改性聚醚丙烯酸酯或环氧丙烯酸酯。
术语环氧丙烯酸酯包括脂族环氧丙烯酸酯和芳族环氧丙烯酸酯及其混合物。
可固化组合物可例如借助凹版、胶版或丝网印刷沉积。然而,其他施用也是可能的,例如使用狭缝或nive涂覆器、绕线棒或刮刀涂覆。
UV涂层厚度通常为2-24μm。
铝颗粒通过物理蒸气沉积产生。(PVD金属颜料)。真空沉积的通常操作范围可为5-50nm。在本发明中铝颗粒的厚度为7-32nm。铝颗粒的平均直径D50为5.0-15μm。
就本发明而言,术语平均直径还包括矩形颗粒的长度。
在一个具体实施方案中,蒸气沉积铝颗粒的平均直径为8.0-12μm,且厚度为11-18nm。
在另一具体实施方案中,蒸气沉积铝颗粒的平均直径为8.0-12μm,且厚度为12-14nm。
在再一具体实施方案中,蒸气沉积铝颗粒的平均直径为8.0-12μm,且厚度为7-20nm。
在一个优选实施方案中,蒸气沉积铝颗粒的平均直径为8.0-12μm,且厚度为13nm。
在另一优选实施方案中,蒸气沉积铝颗粒的平均直径为8.5-11.5μm,且厚度为17nm。
PVD铝颗粒的生产例如描述于Peter Wissling等,Metalleffekt-Pigmente,Herausgeber,U.Zorll,Vincentz Verlag 2005,第53–63页中。颗粒的厚度在生产过程中通过光学方法控制。在沉积过程中,测量沉积的颗粒的光学密度,使得厚度可以以高准确率调节。用于各种应用的PVD铝颗粒例如可由BASF SE以商品名Metasheen(RTM)市购。
PVD薄片的生产在本领域是熟知的。例如,WO0024946公开了一种制备薄片的方法,包括:提供蒸气沉积室;将运输装置置于蒸气沉积室中;在朝向运输装置的蒸气沉积室中提供防粘涂料源和真空沉积源,其中沉积源沉积一层薄片材料;对所述室施加真空,并且在所述室抽空的同时,向运输装置依次由防粘涂料源替换施加防粘涂料层并由真空沉积源施加蒸气沉积的薄片层,从而形成交替薄片材料层和中间防粘涂层的多层夹状物,其中防粘涂层包含可溶解的材料,其形成光滑连续阻挡层且支撑在其上可形成薄片材料层的表面,使得由抽空室移除夹状物得到如下多层夹状物,其通过随后使用基本完全溶解中间防粘涂层以将其从薄片移除的物质处理可容易分离成具有细颗粒尺寸的薄片。
根据WO0024946,另一种制备金属薄片的方法为Avery Dennison Corporation制备以名称Metalure(RTM)销售的薄片的方法。在该方法中,聚酯载体的两侧凹版涂覆有溶剂基树脂溶液。然后将经干燥的涂覆卷材运输至金属化设备,在其中将经涂覆的片的两侧用蒸气沉积铝的薄膜金属化。然后,将具有薄金属膜的片送回至涂覆设备,在其中使铝的两侧涂覆有溶剂基树脂溶液的第二个膜。然后,将经干燥的涂覆/金属片再次运输至金属化设备,以向片的两侧施加蒸气沉积铝的第二个膜。然后,将所得多层片运输至用于进一步加工的设备,其中在溶剂如丙酮中将涂层从载体上剥离。剥离操作将连续层分为包含在浆料中的颗粒。溶剂使聚合物从浆料中的金属层之间溶出。然后,对浆料进行声波处理和离心以移除溶剂和溶解的涂层,留下约65%固体分的浓缩铝薄片的饼状物。然后使该饼状物置于合适媒介中并进一步通过均化将大小分成用于油墨、漆和涂料的具有受控尺寸的薄片。通过该方法生产的用于可印刷应用如油墨的金属薄片的特征在于粒度约4至12μm,且厚度为约15至约25nm。
平均颗粒直径D50通过激光衍射仪器(Coulter LS130激光衍射粒度仪)测得为8-14.5μm。
涂覆/印刷组合物包含如上所述的铝薄片和粘合剂。颜料与粘合剂之比足够高以允许颜料颗粒的排列。
为了实现该金属颜料薄片的排列,涂覆/印刷组合物优选具有非常低的粘合剂、低颜料含量和中等颜料与粘合剂之比。
涂覆组合物优选包含低固体分、高粘度粘合剂。优选颜料与粘合剂的重量比为3:1-1:3。例如,颜料与粘合剂的重量比为1.5:1-1:1。在另一具体实施方案中,颜料与粘合剂的重量比为3:1。
粘合剂为常用于涂覆组合物的高分子量有机化合物。高分子量有机材料可具有天然或合成来源。高分子量有机材料通常具有约103-108g/mol或甚至更大的分子量。其可例如为天然树脂、干燥油、橡胶和酪蛋白,或由其衍生的天然物质,例如氯化橡胶、油改性的醇酸树脂、粘胶、纤维素醚或酯,例如乙基纤维素、乙酸纤维素、丙酸纤维素、乙酰丁酸纤维素或硝基纤维素,还有尤其是完全合成的有机聚合物(热固性塑料和热塑性塑料),其通过聚合、缩聚或加聚得到。作为聚合树脂的类别,尤其可提及聚烯烃如聚乙烯、聚丙烯或聚异丁烯,以及取代的聚烯烃,例如氯乙烯、乙酸乙烯酯、苯乙烯、丙烯腈、丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯或丁二烯的聚合物产物,以及所述单体的共聚产物,例如尤其为ABS或EVA。
有利地,涂覆/印刷组合物进一步包含溶剂。
粘合剂可包含选自硝基纤维素、乙基纤维素、乙酸纤维素、乙酸丙酸纤维素(CAP)、乙酸丁酸纤维素(CAB)、醇溶性丙酸酯(ASP)、氯乙烯、乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯基化合物、丙烯酸类化合物、聚氨酯、聚酰胺、松香酯、烃、醛、酮、氨基甲酸酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、萜烯酚、聚烯烃、聚硅氧烷、纤维素、聚酰胺、聚酯和松香酯树脂中的任意一种或多种。
涂料组合物优选为印刷油墨。如在普通印刷油墨的情况下那样,根据本发明的油墨为铝颜料,粘合剂、助剂等。
关于粘合剂树脂,可使用热塑性树脂,其实例包括聚乙烯基聚合物[聚乙烯(PE)、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、氯乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯醇-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚丙烯(PP)、基于乙烯基的聚合物[聚(氯乙烯)(PVC)、聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)(PVB)、聚(乙烯醇)(PVA)、聚(偏二氯乙烯)(PVdC)、聚(乙酸乙烯酯)(PVAc)、聚(乙烯醇缩甲醛)(PVF)]、聚苯乙烯基聚合物[聚苯乙烯(PS)、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(AS)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)]、丙烯酸基聚合物[聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)(PMMA)、MMA-苯乙烯共聚物]、聚碳酸酯(PC)、纤维素[乙基纤维素(EC)、乙酸纤维素(CA)、丙基纤维素(CP)、乙酸丁酸纤维素(CAB)、硝酸纤维素(CN)]、氟基聚合物[聚氯氟乙烯(PCTFE)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、四氟乙烯-六氟乙烯共聚物(FEP)、聚(偏二氟乙烯)(PVdF)]、氨基甲酸酯基聚合物(PU)、尼龙[类型6、类型66、类型610、类型11]、聚酯(烷基)[聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚环己烷对苯二甲酸酯(PCT)]、酚醛清漆类酚醛树脂等。另外,也可使用热固性树脂如甲阶酚醛树脂类酚醛树脂、脲树脂、三聚氰胺树脂、聚氨酯树脂、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯等,和天然树脂如蛋白质、树胶、虫胶、柯巴脂、淀粉和松香。
此外,可根据为此的需要向粘合剂中加入用于稳定印刷膜的柔性和强度的增塑剂和用于调整其粘度和干燥性能的溶剂。溶剂可包含如下中的任意一种或多种:酯如乙酸正丙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯;醇如乙醇、工业用甲醇变性酒精、异丙醇或正丙醇;酮如甲乙酮或丙酮;芳烃如二甲苯和甲苯。根据印刷方法的类型可使用约100℃的低沸腾温度的溶剂和250℃或更高的高沸腾温度的石油溶剂。例如烷基苯等可用作低沸腾温度溶剂。溶剂的实例为乙氧基丙醇、甲乙酮、乙酸甲氧基丙酯、二丙酮醇等。
另外还可适当地加入辅助剂,包括用于改善干燥性能、粘度和分散性的多种反应性试剂。辅助剂用于调整油墨的性能,且例如可使用改进油墨表面的耐磨性的化合物和促进油墨干燥的干燥剂等。
油墨包含基于油墨总重量为0.1-20重量%,优选0.1-10重量%的总铝颜料含量。
优选,粘合剂包含15%硝基纤维与任何上文提及的树脂。
该组合物可额外包含溶剂。溶剂可为酯/醇共混物,优选乙酸正丙酯和乙醇。更优选,酯/醇共混物的比例为10:1-40:1,甚至更优选20:1-30:1。
经干燥的金属油墨具有0.6-10μm的厚度。
金属油墨中使用的溶剂可包含如下中的任意一种或多种:酯如乙酸正丙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯;醇如乙醇、工业用甲醇变性酒精、异丙醇或正丙醇;酮如甲乙酮或丙酮;芳烃如甲苯和水。
也可使用其中不使用溶剂的UV可固化树脂或电子束可固化树脂作为替换粘合剂树脂。其实例包括丙烯酸类树脂,和上文对UV-可固化组合物所述的丙烯酸类单体的具体实例。
金属油墨可通过常规印刷机如凹版、轮转凹版、柔版、平版、胶版、活版凹雕和/或丝网印刷或其它印刷方法如喷墨印刷施加于经涂覆的基材上。然后可将经涂覆的基材展开以在较后面阶段用于进一步的随后的离线印刷,或者作为替换,基材可在线或离线预印刷或者随后在线印刷。
金属基油墨可包含金属颜料颗粒、粘合剂和任选地着色剂如颜料或染料,其中可用于使UV漆着色的颜料和染料的功能颜料和染料也可用于使金属基油墨着色。
施用本发明方法得到在20°几何下测得大于500相对光泽单位的光泽度值。
光泽度测量为在涂料和印刷工业中熟知的测量,并且例如使用Hunter或ZehnterZGM 1120光泽计根据ISO2813进行,在这种情况下以20°几何。
重要的是应注意UV涂覆的纸或纸板必须具有光滑平坦的表面而不含任何光学结构,从而实现包装和装饰性目的所需的高光泽度值。
在一个本发明的具体实施方案中,在将可固化组合物(漆)施加至纸基材正面的至少一部分上之前,纸或纸板在正面已用阳离子聚合物处理。
就本发明而言,处理包括用于将聚合物溶液施加至纸基材表面上的所有合适手段;特别是印刷或涂覆。
在本发明中用于处理纸的阳离子聚合物包括能够形成阳离子胺盐的重复胺单元。含胺基的阳离子聚合物可为均聚物或共聚物。所述均聚物或共聚物可呈碱形式,或者部分地或完全地呈阳离子胺盐形式。该类阳离子聚合物例如描述于US 2008/0318150第3-4页中。
阳离子聚合物优选为聚乙烯胺,其优选水解到至少90%。
聚乙烯胺或部分或完全地水解的聚乙烯基甲酰胺可通过聚合N-乙烯基甲酰胺和随后水解并消去甲酰基以获得胺基而获得。水解度可为1-100%,优选≥50%,更优选≥90%。特别优选完全水解的聚乙烯基甲酰胺。
制备N-乙烯基甲酰胺聚合物和随后水解例如广泛地描述于US6,132,558,第2栏第36行至第5栏第25行中。聚乙烯胺和部分地或完全地水解的聚乙烯基甲酰胺可以商品名和由BASF SE市购。
例如,这些聚合物的平均分子量Mw为20 000-2 000 000g/mol,例如50 000-1 000000,特别是100 000-500 000g/mol。
例如,聚乙烯胺含有0,1-22毫当量(meq),例如5-18meq阳离子基团/克聚乙烯胺。聚乙烯胺聚合物通常呈分散体或溶液的形式,例如固含量为10-40%,例如15-30%,优选20-25%。它们通常由该类溶液或分散体施加至纸或纸板上。
上述聚合物溶液的施加量例如为2-20g,例如2-15g,优选4-12g/m2纸基材。聚合物溶液随后借助红外线干燥器和/或热风干燥器干燥。
也可与阳离子聚合物一起施加其它天然聚合物如淀粉,特别是支链淀粉。与阳离子聚合物混合的量基于阳离子聚合物的重量通常为5-50%。
本发明的其他方面为可使用如上所述的方法得到的纸产品以及该纸产品用于装饰性或包装目的的用途。
使用本发明方法得到的纸产品可额外使用UV漆或使用丙烯酸系水基漆作为覆盖漆罩印。
优选情形和定义同样适用于本发明的所有方面。
如下实施例说明本发明。除非另有说明,所有百分数数值为重量百分数;所有比值为重量比。
实施例1:通过凹版在卡纸板上印刷UV和金属油墨
基材:白板,Invercote T 220g/m2,275μm(高质量涂料纸,Iggesund PaperboardEurope)。印刷侧为完全涂覆的且整理至消光水平。表面粗糙度1.1μm
UV漆组成显示在下文:
UV漆 | 重量% |
三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯(TPGDA) | 1-25 |
二丙二醇二丙烯酸酯(DPGDA) | 30-45 |
乙氧基化三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯(TMEOPTA) | 10-50 |
反应性叔胺 | 1-15 |
光敏引发剂共混物 | 5-9 |
光敏引发剂共混物
硝基纤维素漆
漆制备:将75.3g硝基纤维素(DHX 3/5IPA,70%固体分,Nobel Enterprises,UK)缓慢加入在2000mL玻璃瓶中的220.5g乙酸乙酯(99-100%rein,Brenntag)、557.2g乙酸正丙酯、147g Dowanol PM并在室温下轻柔搅拌直到完全溶解。然后进行固体含量的测量且将乙酸乙酯的量调节至达到漆制剂中固体含量为5.27%的值。
铝颜料浆料(由BASF SE以商品名Metasheen(RTM)供应)
10%铝颜料+45%乙酸乙酯+45%乙酸异丙酯。
金属油墨1(D50,8.5–11.5μm,厚度为17nm)
金属油墨制备的程序:将铝颜料浆料以使得颜料与粘合剂之比为1:1的比例加入以上硝基纤维素漆,将乙酸乙酯加入以调节油墨至印刷粘度(20秒蔡恩杯2)。将所得分散体使用Dispermat以800rpm搅拌10分钟。
金属油墨2(D50,8.0–12.0μm,厚度为13nm):
金属油墨制备的程序:将铝颜料浆料以使得颜料与粘合剂之比为3:1的比例加入以上硝基纤维素漆,将乙酸乙酯加入以调节油墨至印刷粘度(20秒蔡恩杯2)。将所得分散体使用Dispermat以800rpm搅拌10分钟。
基材:白板,Invercote T 220g/m2,275μm m(高质量涂料纸,IggesundPaperboard Europe)。印刷侧完全涂覆并整理至消光水平。表面粗糙度为1.1μm。
UV漆和金属油墨使用包括UV凹版印刷单元机器和溶剂凹版印刷单元在线机器的Moser压机施用。
印刷速度为30m/min,UV固化强度为50瓦/cm2,溶剂油墨干燥温度为80℃,
UV凹印滚筒(gravure cylinder)为30L/cm筛,溶剂油墨凹印滚筒为120L/cm筛。结果给于表1。
表1
印刷样品的光泽度借助Zehnter Glossmeter ZGM 1120在20°角度下测量
实施例2
基材:Raflabrite RH185g/m2,71μm(多用途标签纸,用于要求良好打印清晰度和细微层次的高质量多色标签,UPM Raflatac)。粗糙度为0.7μm。
油墨和印刷方法与实施例1相同。
印刷样品的光泽度借助Zehnter Glossmeter ZGM 1120在20°角度下测量。结果给于表2。
表2
金属油墨在纸和纸板上的光泽度在首先印刷UV漆且罩印含有细等级铝颜料的金属油墨时显著增加。
实施例3
UV涂覆和未涂料纸板上的不同铝颜料等级的光泽度比较
UV漆和金属油墨如实施例1所述制备。表3概括了不同的金属油墨。
表3
产品 | D50 | 厚度 |
油墨1 | 8.5-11.5μm | 17nm |
油墨2 | 8.0-12.0μm | 13nm |
油墨3 | 11.0-13.0μm | 25nm |
油墨4 | 11.5-14.5μm | 32nm |
施用程序:
使用绕线棒1使纸涂覆有金属油墨并使用空气干燥器干燥。
使用绕线棒2(12微米)将UV漆涂覆于Invercote T板。将UV涂覆纸在UV光下固化(Aktiprint mini 18-2,汞管功率80瓦/cm,位置10)并使用绕线棒1罩面涂覆金属油墨1(6微米湿膜厚度)并使用空气干燥器干燥。
基材:White Invercote T 220g/m2,275μm(高质量的涂料纸,IggesundPaperboard Europe)。印刷侧完全涂覆且整理至消光水平。表面粗糙度为1.1μm。结果显示于表4中。
表4
使用Zehnter Glossmeter ZGM 1120在20°角度下测量样品光泽度
涂覆有UV漆且罩面涂覆有金属油墨的样品在所有情况下显示出非常高的光泽度值。最佳值使用油墨编号1和2得到。
实施例4:辐射固化树脂在纸上的光泽度比较
测试程序:UV漆通过将5重量份Irgacure 1173(RTM),BASF加入95重量份树脂而制造。使用绕线棒0(4微米),1(6微米),2(12微米),3(24微米)将UV漆涂覆于Invercote T板。将涂覆的纸在UV光下固化(Aktiprint mini 18-2,汞管,位置20)并使用绕线棒1罩面涂覆金属油墨1(6微米湿膜厚度)。结果显示在表5中。
表5
使用Zehnter Glossmeter ZGM 1120在20°角度下测得的样品的光泽度
实施例5:不同厚度的UV涂层的粗糙度
UV漆1:37%Laromer DPGDA,24%Laromer LR8863,23%Laromer 8986,10%Ebecryl P115,3%Irgacure 127,3%Irgacure 819
UV漆2:46%Laromer LR8986,36%Laromer PO77F,14%Laromer TPGDA,4%Irgacure 127
金属油墨1:
使用油墨2的铝颗粒按照实施例1制备的硝基纤维素漆(D50,厚度为13nm)。
基材:White Invercote T 220g/m2,275μm(高质量的涂料纸,IggesundPaperboard Europe)。表面粗糙度为1.1μm。
UV涂覆的纸的表面质地或粗糙度通过数字全息显微镜(DHM)使用放大率x5的物镜以1st-WL的模式测量。测得的表面积为1mmx1mm。
表中所示Sz值为以纳米计的轮廓中测得的最大高度(峰)和最大深度(完整)值的平均距离。结果给于表6中。
表6Sz值
UV涂层厚度和粗糙度(nm) | 4微米 | 6微米 | 12微米 | 24微米 |
UV漆1和金属油墨1 | 220 | 235 | 230 | 270 |
UV漆2和金属油墨1 | 290 | 300 | 290 | 300 |
Invercote T板表面粗糙度,sz值:620nm
涂覆有6微米湿膜厚度的金属油墨1的Invercote T,sz值:795nm
结论:Invercote T板的表面质地在直接涂覆有金属油墨1时提高,铝薄片在纸表面并非水平取向。纸的表面质地在涂覆有UV漆时变得光滑,且光泽度显著增加。结果与光泽度值相关,在12微米的UV涂层厚度下测得最高的光泽度和最低的粗糙度。UV漆在纸表面上的沉积得到光滑表面,其能够使铝薄片最佳取向。
Claims (21)
1.一种在纸或纸板基材上形成显现出光泽度的光滑装饰性表面涂层的方法,包括如下步骤:
A)将包含一种或多种烯键式不饱和化合物和一种或多种光敏引发剂的可固化组合物施加至纸基材的正面的至少一部分;
B)通过使用UV灯使所述组合物固化;和
C)将铝层印刷于经固化的组合物上,其中所述铝层包含粘合剂和平均直径为8.0μm至12μm且厚度为11-18nm的经蒸气沉积的铝颗粒,
其中所述可固化组合物包含乙氧基化低聚醚丙烯酸酯、乙氧基化胺改性的聚醚丙烯酸酯、环氧丙烯酸酯、聚酯丙烯酸酯或氨基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述光泽度具有根据在20°几何下测得为大于500个相对光泽度单位的值。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述经蒸气沉积的铝颗粒的平均直径为8.0μm至12μm且厚度为12-14nm。
4.根据权利要求2的方法,其中所述经蒸气沉积的铝颗粒的平均直径为8.0μm至12μm且厚度为12-14nm。
5.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述纸或纸板基材具有小于1.5μm的粗糙度。
6.根据权利要求2的方法,其中所述纸或纸板基材具有小于1.5μm的粗糙度。
7.根据权利要求3的方法,其中所述纸或纸板基材具有小于1.5μm的粗糙度。
8.根据权利要求4的方法,其中所述纸或纸板基材具有小于1.5μm的粗糙度。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项的方法,其中所述纸或纸板基材具有30g/m2至300g/m2的重量。
10.根据权利要求1-8中任一项的方法,其中所述灯为镓或铁掺杂的中压汞灯。
11.根据权利要求9的方法,其中所述灯为镓或铁掺杂的中压汞灯。
12.根据权利要求1-8中任一项的方法,其中所述光敏引发剂选自单和双酰基氧化膦、α-羟基酮、α-烷氧基酮或α-氨基酮化合物及其混合物。
13.根据权利要求11的方法,其中所述光敏引发剂选自单和双酰基氧化膦、α-羟基酮、α-烷氧基酮或α-氨基酮化合物及其混合物。
14.根据权利要求1-8中任一项的方法,其中所述可固化组合物包含乙氧基化胺改性的聚醚丙烯酸酯或环氧丙烯酸酯。
15.根据权利要求13的方法,其中所述可固化组合物包含乙氧基化胺改性的聚醚丙烯酸酯或环氧丙烯酸酯。
16.根据权利要求1-8中任一项的方法,其中所述纸或纸板的正面已用阳离子聚合物处理,然后将可固化组合物施加至纸基材的正面的至少一部分。
17.根据权利要求15的方法,其中所述纸或纸板的正面已用阳离子聚合物处理,然后将可固化组合物施加至纸基材的正面的至少一部分。
18.根据权利要求16的方法,其中所述阳离子聚合物为聚乙烯胺。
19.根据权利要求17的方法,其中所述阳离子聚合物为聚乙烯胺。
20.一种可使用如权利要求1-19中任一项的方法得到的纸或纸板产品。
21.权利要求20的纸或纸板产品用于装饰性或包装目的的用途。
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