CN105983702A - 一种叉车发动机连杆的粉末锻造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种叉车发动机连杆的粉末锻造方法，其包括配料及混料、压制、烧结、锻造、热处理、表面喷丸强化处理等步骤。与普通锻造技术相比较，本发明采用30CrMoNi合金钢粉末、20MnVB合金钢粉末、碳化锆粉末三种粉末按照一定的比例经粉末锻造方法制得的连杆具有优异的高温强度、抗冲击性、韧性和耐磨性，同时本发明方法具有成形性能高、锻件精度高、材料利用率高、生产效率高、生产成本低等优点，适合工业规模化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种叉车发动机连杆的粉末锻造方法，属于粉末锻造技术领域。
背景技术
叉车发动机连杆是承受强烈冲击及动态应力最高的典型动力学负荷零件, 连杆在工作中，除承受燃烧室燃气产生的压力外，还要承受纵向和横向的惯性力。因此，连杆在一个复杂的应力状态下工作。它既受交变的拉压应力、又受弯曲应力。连杆的工作条件要求连杆具有较高的强度和抗疲劳性能；又要求具有足够的钢性和韧性。
传统的普通锻造工艺和机械加工方法存在着锻件火耗大，燃气电能消耗量大，锻造时间长，锻造效率低，员工劳动强度大，锻造精度差等诸多缺点，已难以满足当今叉车发动机连杆高质量、高性能、高效率、高精度、低消耗、低成本的要求。
粉末锻造技术是常规的粉末冶金工艺和精密锻造有机结合而发展起来的一项颇具有市场竞争力的少、无切削金属加工方法, 以金属粉末为原料, 经过预成形压制, 在保护气氛中进行加热烧结及作为锻造毛坯, 然后在压力机上一次锻造成形和实现无飞边精密模锻, 获得了与普通模锻件相同密度、形状复杂的精密锻件。它既有粉末冶金成形性能较好的优点, 又发挥锻造变形有效地改变金属材料组织和性能作用的特点, 使粉末冶金和锻造工艺在生产上取得了新的突破, 特别适宜大批量生产高性能、形状复杂的结构零件, 因此具有广阔的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种叉车发动机连杆的粉末锻造方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种叉车发动机连杆的粉末锻造方法，包括以下步骤：
a、配料及混料
按照质量比8-11:2-5:1的比例称取30CrMoNi合金钢粉末、20MnVB合金钢粉末和碳化锆粉末，准确称取粉重后，置于混料机内混合20-30min，至分布均匀；
b、压制
将上述混合好的粉料加入压制机上压制成连杆预成形坯，压制压力为4-6t/cm2；
c、烧结
将上述制得的连杆预成形坯在通有保护气氛的烧结炉中进行烧结处理：首先在二氧化碳保护气氛下升温至780-870℃，保温0.5-1h，再在氢气保护气氛下升温至1130-1170℃，保温2-3h，然后在氩气保护气氛下降温至660-740℃，保温0.5-1h,最后在一氧化碳气氛下升温至1160-1220℃,保温3-4h，再在氮气保护气氛下降温至920-980℃，保温1-2h；
d、锻造
将烧结处理后的连杆预成形坯直接从烧结炉内送入压力机模具中进行锻造，出炉至锻压时间为3-4s，锻压力为5-8t/cm2，终锻温度为820-860℃；
e、热处理
将上述制得的锻件加热至980-1020℃，保温2-3h，喷雾淬火后加热至810-870℃，保温1-2h，油冷淬火后加热至480-520℃，保温3-5h，出炉空冷；
f、表面喷丸强化处理
采用0.05mm不锈钢弹丸，喷射距离为4-5cm，在0.3-0.5MPa压力下在锻件表面处理20-30min。
所述30CrMoN合金钢的化学成分质量百分比为：C 0.28-0.31%、Si 0.05-0.08%、Mn0.4-0.6%、Cr 1.2-1.4%、Mo 1.0-1.2%、Ni 0.5-0.7%、P≤0.005%、S ≤0.005%、余量为Fe及不可避免的夹杂质。
所述20MnVB合金钢的化学成分质量百分比为：C 0.18-0.22%、Si 0.22-0.34%、Mn1.1-1.4%、V 0.08-0.11%、B 0.002-0.003%、P≤0.02%、S ≤0.01%、余量为Fe及不可避免的夹杂质。
本发明的有益效果：
与普通锻造技术相比较，本发明采用30CrMoNi合金钢粉末、20MnVB合金钢粉末、碳化锆粉末三种粉末按照一定的比例经粉末锻造方法制得的连杆具有优异的高温强度、抗冲击性、韧性和耐磨性，同时本发明方法具有成形性能高、锻件精度高、材料利用率高、生产效率高、生产成本低等优点，适合工业规模化生产。
具体实施方式
一种叉车发动机连杆的粉末锻造方法，包括以下步骤：
a、配料及混料
按照质量比9:3:1的比例称取30CrMoNi合金钢粉末、20MnVB合金钢粉末和碳化锆粉末，准确称取粉重后，置于混料机内混合25min，至分布均匀；
上述30CrMoN合金钢的化学成分质量百分比为：C 0.28-0.31%、Si 0.05-0.08%、Mn0.4-0.6%、Cr 1.2-1.4%、Mo 1.0-1.2%、Ni 0.5-0.7%、P≤0.005%、S ≤0.005%、余量为Fe及不可避免的夹杂质；
上述20MnVB合金钢的化学成分质量百分比为：C 0.18-0.22%、Si 0.22-0.34%、Mn 1.1-1.4%、V 0.08-0.11%、B 0.002-0.003%、P≤0.02%、S ≤0.01%、余量为Fe及不可避免的夹杂质；
b、压制
将上述混合好的粉料加入压制机上压制成连杆预成形坯，压制压力为5t/cm2；
c、烧结
将上述制得的连杆预成形坯在通有保护气氛的烧结炉中进行烧结处理：首先在二氧化碳保护气氛下升温至840℃，保温1h，再在氢气保护气氛下升温至1150℃，保温2.5h，然后在氩气保护气氛下降温至690℃，保温0.5h,最后在一氧化碳气氛下升温至1190℃,保温3h，再在氮气保护气氛下降温至950℃，保温1h；
d、锻造
将烧结处理后的连杆预成形坯直接从烧结炉内送入压力机模具中进行锻造，出炉至锻压时间为3s，锻压力为7t/cm2，终锻温度为840℃；
e、热处理
将上述制得的锻件加热至1020℃，保温2h，喷雾淬火后加热至830℃，保温1.5h，油冷淬火后加热至490℃，保温4h，出炉空冷；
f、表面喷丸强化处理
采用0.05mm不锈钢弹丸，喷射距离为5cm，在0.4MPa压力下在锻件表面处理25min。
经检测，上述制得的连杆材料在450℃温度下的主要力学性能为：硬度53.7HRC，抗拉强度814MPa，屈服强度636MPa，冲击韧性73.5 J/cm2，伸长率13.1%。
Claims (3)
1.一种叉车发动机连杆的粉末锻造方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
a、配料及混料
按照质量比8-11:2-5:1的比例称取30CrMoNi合金钢粉末、20MnVB合金钢粉末和碳化锆粉末，准确称取粉重后，置于混料机内混合20-30min，至分布均匀；
b、压制
将上述混合好的粉料加入压制机上压制成连杆预成形坯，压制压力为4-6t/cm2；
c、烧结
将上述制得的连杆预成形坯在通有保护气氛的烧结炉中进行烧结处理：首先在二氧化碳保护气氛下升温至780-870℃，保温0.5-1h，再在氢气保护气氛下升温至1130-1170℃，保温2-3h，然后在氩气保护气氛下降温至660-740℃，保温0.5-1h,最后在一氧化碳气氛下升温至1160-1220℃,保温3-4h，再在氮气保护气氛下降温至920-980℃，保温1-2h；
d、锻造
将烧结处理后的连杆预成形坯直接从烧结炉内送入压力机模具中进行锻造，出炉至锻压时间为3-4s，锻压力为5-8t/cm2，终锻温度为820-860℃；
e、热处理
将上述制得的锻件加热至980-1020℃，保温2-3h，喷雾淬火后加热至810-870℃，保温1-2h，油冷淬火后加热至480-520℃，保温3-5h，出炉空冷；
f、表面喷丸强化处理
采用0.05mm不锈钢弹丸，喷射距离为4-5cm，在0.3-0.5MPa压力下在锻件表面处理20-30min。
2.根据权利要求1所述的叉车发动机连杆的粉末锻造方法，其特征在于，所述30CrMoN合金钢的化学成分质量百分比为：C 0.28-0.31%、Si 0.05-0.08%、Mn 0.4-0.6%、Cr 1.2-1.4%、Mo 1.0-1.2%、Ni 0.5-0.7%、P≤0.005%、S ≤0.005%、余量为Fe及不可避免的夹杂质。
3.根据权利要求1所述的叉车发动机连杆的粉末锻造方法，其特征在于，所述20MnVB合金钢的化学成分质量百分比为：C 0.18-0.22%、Si 0.22-0.34%、Mn 1.1-1.4%、V 0.08-0.11%、B 0.002-0.003%、P≤0.02%、S ≤0.01%、余量为Fe及不可避免的夹杂质。
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