CN105983693A - 一种叉车传动轴伸缩套的粉末锻造方法 - Google Patents
一种叉车传动轴伸缩套的粉末锻造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis($l^{2}-silanylidene)molybdenum Chemical compound [Si]=[Mo]=[Si] YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910021344 molybdenum silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910021343 molybdenum disilicide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种叉车传动轴伸缩套的粉末锻造方法，其包括配料及混料、压制、烧结、锻造、热处理、表面喷丸强化处理等步骤。本发明原料采用40CrNiMo合金钢粉末、20CrMnTi合金钢粉末、二硅化钼粉末和碳化铬粉末四种原料复合，工艺采用粉末锻造技术，使制得的叉车传动轴伸缩套具有机械强度高，耐磨性好，韧性好，耐冲击能力好，承载能力较高等优点，且本发明方法锻件精度高，操作简单，劳动强度低，生产效率高，适合大批量生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种叉车传动轴伸缩套的粉末锻造方法，属于粉末锻造技术领域。
背景技术
传动轴伸缩套是叉车传动系中传递动力的重要部件，它的作用是与变速箱、驱动桥一起将发动机的动力传递给车轮，使叉车产生驱动力。传动轴伸缩套是叉车传动轴上的关键部件，在运行中承受高速、高负荷和冲击等多项复杂应力，因而要求传动轴伸缩套不仅具有足够的强度和韧性，还要具有优良的耐磨性和抗冲击性。
传统的普通锻造工艺和机械加工方法存在着锻件火耗大，燃气电能消耗量大，锻造时间长，锻造效率低，员工劳动强度大，锻造精度差等诸多缺点，已难以满足当今叉车传动轴伸缩套高质量、高性能、高效率、高精度、低消耗、低成本的要求。
粉末锻造技术是常规的粉末冶金工艺和精密锻造有机结合而发展起来的一项颇具有市场竞争力的少、无切削金属加工方法, 以金属粉末为原料, 经过预成形压制, 在保护气氛中进行加热烧结及作为锻造毛坯, 然后在压力机上一次锻造成形和实现无飞边精密模锻, 获得了与普通模锻件相同密度、形状复杂的精密锻件。它既有粉末冶金成形性能较好的优点, 又发挥锻造变形有效地改变金属材料组织和性能作用的特点, 使粉末冶金和锻造工艺在生产上取得了新的突破, 特别适宜大批量生产高性能、形状复杂的结构零件, 因此具有广阔的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种叉车传动轴伸缩套的粉末锻造方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种叉车传动轴伸缩套的粉末锻造方法，包括以下步骤：
a、配料及混料
按照质量比12-16:8-14:4-7:3-5的比例称取40CrNiMo合金钢粉末、20CrMnTi合金钢粉末、二硅化钼粉末和碳化铬粉末，准确称取粉重后，置于混料机内混合40-50min，至分布均匀；
b、压制
将上述混合好的粉料加入压制机上压制成传动轴伸缩套预成形坯，压制压力为6-8t/cm2；
c、烧结
将上述制得的传动轴伸缩套预成形坯在通有保护气氛的烧结炉中进行烧结处理：首先在氢气保护气氛下升温至1120-1180℃，保温2-3h，再在氩气保护气氛下降温至915-955℃，保温1-2h，再在氮气保护气氛下降温至740-780℃，保温0.5-1h,然后在氢气保护气氛下升温至860-940℃，保温1-2h，再在一氧化碳保护气氛下升温至980-1060℃，保温1.5-2.5h；
d、锻造
将烧结处理后的传动轴伸缩套预成形坯直接从烧结炉内送入压力机模具中进行锻造，出炉至锻压时间为3-4s，锻压力为5-6t/cm2，终锻温度为865-885℃；
e、热处理
将上述制得的锻件加热至960-1020℃，保温1-2h，喷雾淬火后加热至480-540℃，保温3-4h，再降温至320-380℃，保温4-5h，空冷淬火后加热至375-415℃，保温3-5h，再降温至240-270℃，保温5-7h，出炉空冷；
f、表面喷丸强化处理
采用0.05mm不锈钢弹丸，喷射距离为4-6cm，在0.5-0.8MPa压力下在锻件表面处理20-30min。
所述40CrNiMo合金钢的化学成分质量百分比为：C 0.39-0.43%、Si 0.25-0.35%、Mn 0.6-0.8%、Cr 0.7-0.9%、Ni 1.4-1.6%、Mo 0.15-0.25%、Cu 0.1-0.2%、P≤0.025%、S ≤0.015%、余量为Fe及不可避免的夹杂质。
所述20CrMnTi合金钢的化学成分质量百分比为：C 0.18-0.22%、Si 0.2-0.3%、Mn0.8-1.2%、Cr 1.0-1.2%、Ti 0.05-0.08%、Ni 0.01-0.02%、Cu 0.01-0.02%、P≤0.035%、S ≤0.035%、余量为Fe及不可避免的夹杂质。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明原料采用40CrNiMo合金钢粉末、20CrMnTi合金钢粉末、二硅化钼粉末和碳化铬粉末四种原料复合，工艺采用粉末锻造技术，使制得的叉车传动轴伸缩套具有机械强度高，耐磨性好，韧性好，耐冲击能力好，承载能力较高等优点，且本发明方法锻件精度高，操作简单，劳动强度低，生产效率高，适合大批量生产。
具体实施方式
一种叉车传动轴伸缩套的粉末锻造方法，包括以下步骤：
a、配料及混料
按照质量比14:12:6:4的比例称取40CrNiMo合金钢粉末、20CrMnTi合金钢粉末、二硅化钼粉末和碳化铬粉末，准确称取粉重后，置于混料机内混合45min，至分布均匀；
所述40CrNiMo合金钢的化学成分质量百分比为：C 0.39-0.43%、Si 0.25-0.35%、Mn0.6-0.8%、Cr 0.7-0.9%、Ni 1.4-1.6%、Mo 0.15-0.25%、Cu 0.1-0.2%、P≤0.025%、S ≤0.015%、余量为Fe及不可避免的夹杂质；
所述20CrMnTi合金钢的化学成分质量百分比为：C 0.18-0.22%、Si 0.2-0.3%、Mn 0.8-1.2%、Cr 1.0-1.2%、Ti 0.05-0.08%、Ni 0.01-0.02%、Cu 0.01-0.02%、P≤0.035%、S ≤0.035%、余量为Fe及不可避免的夹杂质；
b、压制
将上述混合好的粉料加入压制机上压制成传动轴伸缩套预成形坯，压制压力为7t/cm2；
c、烧结
将上述制得的传动轴伸缩套预成形坯在通有保护气氛的烧结炉中进行烧结处理：首先在氢气保护气氛下升温至1150℃，保温2.5h，再在氩气保护气氛下降温至945℃，保温2h，再在氮气保护气氛下降温至760℃，保温0.5h,然后在氢气保护气氛下升温至890℃，保温1h，再在一氧化碳保护气氛下升温至1020℃，保温2h；
d、锻造
将烧结处理后的传动轴伸缩套预成形坯直接从烧结炉内送入压力机模具中进行锻造，出炉至锻压时间为3s，锻压力为5/cm2，终锻温度为875℃；
e、热处理
将上述制得的锻件加热至980℃，保温1.5h，喷雾淬火后加热至520℃，保温3h，再降温至360℃，保温4h，空冷淬火后加热至395℃，保温4h，再降温至250℃，保温6h，出炉空冷；
f、表面喷丸强化处理
采用0.05mm不锈钢弹丸，喷射距离为5cm，在0.7MPa压力下在锻件表面处理25min。
经检测，上述制得的传动轴伸缩套材料的主要力学性能为：硬度54.8HRC，抗拉强度1103MPa，屈服强度932MPa，冲击韧性99.6 J/cm2，伸长率12.8%。
Claims (3)
1.一种叉车传动轴伸缩套的粉末锻造方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
a、配料及混料
按照质量比12-16:8-14:4-7:3-5的比例称取40CrNiMo合金钢粉末、20CrMnTi合金钢粉末、二硅化钼粉末和碳化铬粉末，准确称取粉重后，置于混料机内混合40-50min，至分布均匀；
b、压制
将上述混合好的粉料加入压制机上压制成传动轴伸缩套预成形坯，压制压力为6-8t/cm2；
c、烧结
将上述制得的传动轴伸缩套预成形坯在通有保护气氛的烧结炉中进行烧结处理：首先在氢气保护气氛下升温至1120-1180℃，保温2-3h，再在氩气保护气氛下降温至915-955℃，保温1-2h，再在氮气保护气氛下降温至740-780℃，保温0.5-1h,然后在氢气保护气氛下升温至860-940℃，保温1-2h，再在一氧化碳保护气氛下升温至980-1060℃，保温1.5-2.5h；
d、锻造
将烧结处理后的传动轴伸缩套预成形坯直接从烧结炉内送入压力机模具中进行锻造，出炉至锻压时间为3-4s，锻压力为5-6t/cm2，终锻温度为865-885℃；
e、热处理
将上述制得的锻件加热至960-1020℃，保温1-2h，喷雾淬火后加热至480-540℃，保温3-4h，再降温至320-380℃，保温4-5h，空冷淬火后加热至375-415℃，保温3-5h，再降温至240-270℃，保温5-7h，出炉空冷；
f、表面喷丸强化处理
采用0.05mm不锈钢弹丸，喷射距离为4-6cm，在0.5-0.8MPa压力下在锻件表面处理20-30min。
2.根据权利要求1所述的叉车传动轴伸缩套的粉末锻造方法，其特征在于，所述40CrNiMo合金钢的化学成分质量百分比为：C 0.39-0.43%、Si 0.25-0.35%、Mn 0.6-0.8%、Cr 0.7-0.9%、Ni 1.4-1.6%、Mo 0.15-0.25%、Cu 0.1-0.2%、P≤0.025%、S ≤0.015%、余量为Fe及不可避免的夹杂质。
3.根据权利要求1所述的叉车传动轴伸缩套的粉末锻造方法，其特征在于，所述20CrMnTi合金钢的化学成分质量百分比为：C 0.18-0.22%、Si 0.2-0.3%、Mn 0.8-1.2%、Cr1.0-1.2%、Ti 0.05-0.08%、Ni 0.01-0.02%、Cu 0.01-0.02%、P≤0.035%、S ≤0.035%、余量为Fe及不可避免的夹杂质。
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