CN105807526A - 可在显示态和镜面态之间相互切换的显示装置 - Google Patents

可在显示态和镜面态之间相互切换的显示装置 Download PDF

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CN105807526A
CN105807526A CN201610243719.7A CN201610243719A CN105807526A CN 105807526 A CN105807526 A CN 105807526A CN 201610243719 A CN201610243719 A CN 201610243719A CN 105807526 A CN105807526 A CN 105807526A
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display
display device
light modulation
electroluminescent light
state
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冯志鹏
苏丹
何宗泽
李硕
杨建光
张亮
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
Beijing BOE Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
Beijing BOE Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201610243719.7A priority Critical patent/CN105807526A/zh
Publication of CN105807526A publication Critical patent/CN105807526A/zh
Priority to EP16899205.5A priority patent/EP3309609B1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2016/101863 priority patent/WO2017181621A1/zh
Priority to US15/527,312 priority patent/US10551712B2/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/163Operation of electrochromic cells, e.g. electrodeposition cells; Circuit arrangements therefor
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153Constructional details
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R1/00Optical viewing arrangements; Real-time viewing arrangements for drivers or passengers using optical image capturing systems, e.g. cameras or video systems specially adapted for use in or on vehicles
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    • B60R1/04Rear-view mirror arrangements mounted inside vehicle
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60R1/00Optical viewing arrangements; Real-time viewing arrangements for drivers or passengers using optical image capturing systems, e.g. cameras or video systems specially adapted for use in or on vehicles
    • B60R1/02Rear-view mirror arrangements
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60R1/00Optical viewing arrangements; Real-time viewing arrangements for drivers or passengers using optical image capturing systems, e.g. cameras or video systems specially adapted for use in or on vehicles
    • B60R1/12Mirror assemblies combined with other articles, e.g. clocks
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
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    • G02F1/15Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/1506Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect caused by electrodeposition, e.g. electrolytic deposition of an inorganic material on or close to an electrode
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    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153Constructional details
    • G02F1/155Electrodes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
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    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153Constructional details
    • G02F1/157Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. reflectors or illuminating devices
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R1/00Optical viewing arrangements; Real-time viewing arrangements for drivers or passengers using optical image capturing systems, e.g. cameras or video systems specially adapted for use in or on vehicles
    • B60R1/12Mirror assemblies combined with other articles, e.g. clocks
    • B60R2001/1253Mirror assemblies combined with other articles, e.g. clocks with cameras, video cameras or video screens
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R2300/00Details of viewing arrangements using cameras and displays, specially adapted for use in a vehicle
    • B60R2300/20Details of viewing arrangements using cameras and displays, specially adapted for use in a vehicle characterised by the type of display used
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
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    • G02F1/133553Reflecting elements
    • GPHYSICS
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    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/1514Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material
    • G02F1/1523Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material comprising inorganic material
    • G02F1/1525Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material comprising inorganic material characterised by a particular ion transporting layer, e.g. electrolyte
    • GPHYSICS
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    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F2001/164Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect the electrolyte is made of polymers
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    • G02F2201/00Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
    • G02F2201/44Arrangements combining different electro-active layers, e.g. electrochromic, liquid crystal or electroluminescent layers
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种显示装置,所述显示装置包含:显示器;和设置在显示器出光面侧的电致调光层,可以通过调节施加的电压使所述电致调光层在透明态和镜面态之间切换,使得当所述电致调光层处于透明态时,所述显示器透过所述电致调光层可见;而当所述电致调光层处于镜面态时,其中形成遮挡所述显示器的镜面。

Description

可在显示态和镜面态之间相互切换的显示装置
技术领域
本发明一般地涉及显示装置领域,具体地涉及可在显示态和镜面态之间相互切换的显示装置。
背景技术
在一些情况下,需要能够在显示态和镜面态之间相互切换的显示装置。换言之,需要显示装置的显示图像的表面能够在某些情况下变成镜面,起到反射的作用。
这样的典型情况之一是车内后视镜。普通的车内后视镜是镜面制成的,司机可以通过其观察车辆后方的情况。然而,常见的是,车内后部的乘客、行李等阻碍了司机经由车内后视镜通过后挡风玻璃观察车后情况。这造成了不方便乃至安全问题。因此,使用显示器型车内后视镜代替传统车内后视镜受到越来越多的关注。
通过显示器型车内后视镜观察车后情况一般地是通过安装在车后的摄像头实现的。摄像头可以安装在后挡风玻璃后,从而其视野不会受到阻挡。
然而,在有些情况下仍需要传统车内后视镜。例如,当驾驶员希望通过车内后视镜观察后排座位上的情况时,安装在车外的后视摄像头不足以提供这一功能。
因此,需要能够在镜面状态(模式)和显示状态之间可随意切换的显示装置,用于车内后视镜。特别是,镜面模式应当具有低功耗。目前,市场上能够实现该功能的装置中多采用半透明反射镜或者添加偏振光选择单元和偏振轴可变单元的技术,这两种技术很难得到明亮的图像和明亮的镜面,且镜面状态功耗较高。
在建筑领域,已经开发了电致变色智能窗,其可以根据人们的需要改变自身颜色进而对太阳辐射能力进行智能调节,从而降低室内的温控能耗。例如,专利申请CN104614913A公布了一种可在镜面态和透明态相互转化的柔性可粘贴电致变色器件。该器件用于飞机舷窗、采光玻璃、建筑物墙体等。
对于可在显示态和镜面态之间相互切换的显示装置,仍存在着需要。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,提供了以下各项。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,提供了一种显示装置,所述显示装置包含:显示器;和设置在显示器出光面侧的电致调光层,所述电致调光层可以通过调节施加的电压使所述电致调光层在透明态和镜面态之间切换,使得当所述电致调光层处于透明态时,所述显示器透过所述电致调光层可见;而当所述电致调光层处于镜面态时,其中形成遮挡所述显示器的镜面。通过将显示器与可在透明态和镜面态之间电致切换的电致调光层结合,提供了可在显示图像的功能和镜面功能之间自由切换的显示装置。电致调光层通过以下方式实现状态切换:对透明的组合物施加电场形成镜面层,以及对所述镜面层施加反向电场形成透明的组合物。
在一个实施方案中,所述电致调光层包含两个透明导电层和夹在其间的电解质层构成;在所述显示器和透明导电层之间设置有透明绝缘层;其中通过由所述两个透明导电层对所述电解质层施加不同的电压,使所述电致调光层在透明态和镜面态之间切换。在此,显示器可以由液晶显示面板和背光模组构成。显示器也可以是其他适合用于本发明的结构的显示器。
在一个实施方案中,所述透明绝缘层厚度为100-300μm。还更优选地,透明绝缘层厚度为200μm。这样的厚度既保证电致调光层与显示器不相互干扰,又不对显示亮度和性能造成明显的削弱。
在一个实施方案中,所述透明绝缘层由聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)制成。
在一个实施方案中,所述电解质层为将含有银离子的无机盐、溴化剂、催化剂溶于有机溶剂形成的溶胶。更优选地,所述含有银离子的无机盐是AgNO3,所述溴化剂是TBABr,所述催化剂是CuCl2,且所述有机溶剂是DSMO。更优选地,它们的浓度范围分别为:AgNO3的浓度为40-60mM,TBABr的浓度为200-300mM,且CuCl2的浓度为8-12mM。还更优选地,AgNO3的浓度为50mM,TBABr的浓度为250mM,且CuCl2的浓度为10mM。
在一个实施方案中,各层厚度分别为:透明导电层厚度为80-120nm、电解质层厚度为400-600μm。还更优选地,透明导电层厚度为100nm、电解质层厚度为500μm。这样的层厚度配置在透明状态和镜面状态下都获得良好的性能。
在一个实施方案中,透明态向镜面态切换时电压为1~4V,切换时间≤2S;镜面态向透明态切换时电压为-1~-4V,切换时间≤2S。其中切换时间表示透明状态与镜面状态之间从开始施加电压至状态切换完成所需要的响应时间。这样的电压与切换速度的组合可以同时满足快速切换和低能耗的需求。
在一个实施方案中,所述显示装置具有使显示器的开/关状态与电致调光层的透明/镜面状态相应地匹配的工具。这种允许显示器在打开状态与电致调光层的透明态匹配并且在关闭状态与电致调光层的镜面态匹配的工具的优点之一是可以节约能量。
在一个实施方案中,所述显示装置是车内后视镜。其显示来自拍摄车后方的摄像头的影像或显示镜面。优选地,在所述车内后视镜中,所述镜面与所述显示器的出光面不平行,使得当所述车内后视镜被安装至车内时,所述显示器的出光面基本上正对驾驶者,并且所述镜面定位为使驾驶者可通过所述镜面观察到车辆后方。
附图说明
图1示出了本发明的显示装置的一个实例的构造。
图2示出了本发明的显示装置的一个实例处于镜面态时的情况。
图3示出了本发明的显示装置的一个实例处于透明态时的情况。
图4示出了本发明的显示装置的一个其中显示器出光面与镜面不平行的实例的示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种显示装置,其包含显示器和设置在显示器出光面侧的电致调光层,所述电致调光层可以通过调节施加的电压使在透明态和镜面态之间切换。当电致调光层处于透明态时,观察者可以透过透明的电致调光层看到显示器显示的图像,看到的图像的亮度基本不受电致调光层的影响。而当电致调光层处于镜面态时,它在观察者和显示器之间形成一个明亮的镜面,使得所述显示装置起到反射镜的作用。此时,显示器对于观察者来说完全不可见。
所述显示装置的一种具体构造如下。在此示例性构造中,显示器是液晶显示器。本领域技术人员可以理解,也可以使用其他不对本发明的功能造成不利影响的显示器。如图1所示,显示器包括液晶显示面板和背光模组9,该液晶显示面板包括第一基板6,与该基本相对设置的第二基板8,和夹在第一基板与第二基板之间的液晶层7,在第二基板(上基板)上,也就是显示面板的出光侧,设置了电致调光层。应当注意,在附图中各层的相对大小、相对位置关系等仅是示意性的而非限制性的。对于电致调光层与显示器出光侧的相对位置没有具体的限定,只要其能够在处于镜面态时遮挡显示器即可。例如,当用于可切换的车内后视镜时,电致调光层位置应调整为使得其处于镜面态时,可以使驾驶者能够清楚看到车后的状况。此时,电致调光层的镜面将并不正对驾驶者。然而,在电致调光层后方的显示器的出光侧应当基本上正对驾驶者,从而向驾驶者提供最佳的显示效果,特别是对于对观察视角有限制的显示器类型来说。也就是说,在车内后视镜的用途中,电致调光层与显示器出光侧之间优选是不完全平行的,如图4所示。在此,“基本上正对驾驶者”表示驾驶者可以正常地观看显示器。正如实际驾驶期间经常遇到的,驾驶者可能稍微调节镜面态的角度以更好地观察车辆后方。此时显示器相对于驾驶者的角度可能有小变化,但只要驾驶者仍能够正常地观看显示器,则显示器仍属于基本上正对驾驶者。当然,在其他用途中,电致调光层也可以与显示器的出光面平行。本领域技术人员可以根据需要调节电致调光层与显示器的具体相对位置。此外,电致调光层相对于显示器的大小当然也可以根据对于镜面态和显示态(透明态)的实际需要具体进行调节。电致调光层可以通过公知的机械连接与显示器固定在一起。对固定方式没有特别的要求,只要其不影响本发明的效果即可。
仍如图1所示,电致调光层主要包括三部分,即上下透明导电层2和4,和夹在上下透明导电层2和4之间的电解质层3。液晶显示面板部分和透明导电层4之间还可以具有透明绝缘层5。透明导电层2上面还可以覆盖玻璃基板1。透明导电层和透明绝缘层可采用磁控溅射等物理气相沉积或者CVD方式低温沉积而成。透明导电层的电解质侧是平滑完整的,以利于在其上形成良好的镜面。电解质层材料为含有银离子的无机盐(如AgNO3)、溴化剂(如TBABr)、催化剂(如CuCl2)溶于有机溶剂(比如DMSO等)中均匀混合后形成的溶胶调光层。电解质层材料四周由密封剂密封。在混合溶胶调光层时,也可以混入适量的添加剂,只要其不影响本发明的电致调光层的功能即可。例如,可以任选地加入PVB(聚乙烯醇缩丁醛),起半固化作用,使电解质呈凝胶态。
如上所述,显示器可以为一般的显示器。当需要节约空间时,优选平板式显示器。显示器的一个优选实例是带有背光模组的液晶显示面板。
电致调光层利用电场切换显示状态。为了使得显示器与电致调光层在电学上不相互干扰,可以在电致调光层与显示器之间设置有透明绝缘层。如图1所示,透明绝缘层5将电致调光层的透明导电层4与显示器的表面隔开,从而透明导电层上的电流不受显示器表面的影响,也不影响显示器表面。由此,显示器表面还可以省去常规的玻璃绝缘盖板等部件,从而可以减小体积、简化制作并节约成本。透明绝缘层的材料可以选用有机透明绝缘材料,特别优选PMMA,厚度范围为100~300μm。更优选约200μm。PMMA对光的透射性非常优异,几乎不影响显示器的光的透射,而其成本又相对低廉,并且具有良好的绝缘性、机械强度、耐腐蚀性和易加工型,非常适用于作为本发明的透明绝缘层。
电致调光层由两个透明导电层和夹在其中的电解质层组成。
透明导电层作为容纳电解质的容器壁,同时连接至电压源,起到电极板的作用。透明导电层还作为形成镜面层的基底。透明导电层可以由ITO(氧化铟锡)、FTO(氟掺杂氧化锡)、AZO(氧化铝锌)、纳米银线等制成。其中,ITO是优选的。
电解质层的化学组合物提供状态切换的功能。在电解质层中,作为含有银离子的无机盐,可以是硝酸银。作为溴化剂,除了四正丁基溴化铵外,还可以是溴化钠、溴化钾、溴化二甲基溴代硫。作为催化剂,可以是氯化铜。作为有机溶剂,可以是二甲亚砜(DMSO)。
优选的电解质层的组成是,AgNO3的浓度为40-60mM,TBABr的浓度为200-300mM,且CuCl2的浓度为8-12mM。一种优选的电解质的组成方法为:将2.5mMTBABr、0.1mMCuCl2和0.5mMAgNO3溶解于10mLDMSO。还可以向上述混合物中添加PVB。此配方同时满足:需要较低的电压,在透明态时足够的透明度,在镜面态时足够的反射能力,足够短的切换时间等。
电解质层四周和透明导电层之间使用密封剂密封。密封剂可以是树脂等。
在上述实施方案的结构中,其他各层的优选厚度为透明导电层厚度为80-120nm,更优选约100nm,电解质层厚度为400-600μm,更优选约500μm。
上述显示装置的工作原理如下。如图2和图3所示,将透明导电层A接地,当对透明导电层B加正电压时,在电场作用下溶胶电解质层中的含银无机盐发生如公式(1)、(2)所示的还原反应:
Ag + + nBr - → AgBr n 1 - n - - - ( 1 )
AgBr n 1 - n + e - → A g + nBr - - - - ( 2 )
外电源提供电子(e-),溴化剂提供Br-,其中的Ag+被还原为金属Ag纳米颗粒,Ag纳米颗粒在平整的透明导电层内侧沉积形成光滑的镜面8,该镜面对光具有高反射率,如图2所示,同时液晶显示的光无法通过电致调光层。此时电致调光层处于镜面态。当对透明导电层B加电压为负时,电场反向,金属Ag发生氧化反应失去电子(e-),电沉积形成的金属Ag层分解到溶胶电解质中形成Ag+,此时电致调光层恢复到透明状态,具有高的光透过率,允许光线通过,如图3所示。
电致调光层的状态受电压的控制。当不加电压的情况下电致调光层处于稳定的透明态时,为了维持电致调光层处于镜面态,需要持续施加正电压。当撤去正电压时,电致调光层会逐渐从镜面态恢复为透明态。为了使得镜面态向透明态的切换更加迅速,可以适当地施加负电压,加速电致调光层的透明化。
当切换状态时(例如从透明态切换至镜面态时)的电压与保持状态时(例如保持在镜面态时)的电压可以是不同的。切换至镜面态时施加的较大电压使得沉积的银层不断增厚。当银层对于反射镜面来说足够厚时,不必再施加所述较大电压,而可以转而施加较小电压,维持银的沉积平衡即可,以节约能量。
此外,当从镜面态切换至透明态时,若施加了负电压,当银层全部离子化时,继续施加负电压将导致银层在另一个透明导电板上形成。因此,需要对该负电压进行控制。
无论是上述哪种电压控制,施加的电压都不应过高,并且同时为了实用应保证在电致调光层的状态之间切换所用的时间较短。优选地,透明态向镜面态切换时电压为1~4V,切换时间≤2S;镜面态向透明态切换时电压为-1~-4V,切换时间≤2S。更优选地,切换电压的绝对值小于2V。此时,不但状态切换时所需能力较低,维持透明或镜面状态所需电流较小功耗也较低。
有利地,显示装置具有使显示器的开/关状态与电致调光层的透明/镜面状态相应地匹配的控制工具。
可以通过多种具体的手动或自动控制器件达到此目的。例如,根据电致调光层处于镜面态还是透明态自动关闭或打开所述显示器的控制器件;或者例如,当关闭或打开显示器时自动施加合适的电压使得电致调光层变到镜面态或透明态的控制器件;或者例如,设计一个电路使得可以用同一开关一键式同时手动切换显示器和电致调光层的状态。应理解,上述手动或自动控制器件的实例仅是说明性的而非限制性的。
例如,当切换到镜面显示状态时,液晶模组及背光部分可以断电,只开启电致调光结构部分。这可以节约能量。
可以使用传感器、数据处理器等的组合,通过控制电压自动调节电致调光层的状态。
一种示例性的具体实现方式是:设置电致调光层控制模块,其可以根据输入信号控制电致调光层。将电致调光层控制模块和液晶显示模组的电路驱动之间通过传感模块连接。传感模块可以感知液晶显示模组的工作电压,并将其作为输入信号输入至电致调光层控制模块。当液晶显示模组工作电压VDD为正常工作电压时(2.3V~6V),输入到电致调光控制模块产生对应信号0;当液晶显示模组停止工作,即VDD为0时,输入到电致调光控制部分产生对应信号1。电致调光层将开启信号1和关闭信号0发送给电致调光层电源控制部分,分别对应开启镜面状态和恢复透明状态。这样,当关闭液晶显示模组时通过传感装置自动开启电致调光层的镜面状态;而当开启液晶显示模组时通过传感装置自动恢复电致调光层的透明状态。
本发明的显示装置的一个实例是车内后视镜。作为车内后视镜,所述显示装置中的显示器显示来自摄像头的图像,所述摄像头安装在车后部,例如后挡风玻璃后。对于车内后视镜应用来说有利的是,当显示装置处于镜面态时,同时也关闭摄像头及与显示器相关的电路,以节约电能。
以下通过实施例更详细地说明本发明。
实施例1-显示装置的制备
采用以下步骤制备显示装置:
1)在尺寸为7~8inch的液晶显示模组上玻璃基板上通过溶胶凝胶法覆盖一层200μmPMMA绝缘层;
2)在PMMA绝缘层5和上基板1上面分别通过磁控溅射制备400~600nm的ITO透明导电层,并引出电极;
3)将2.5mMTBABr+0.1mMCuCl2+0.5mMAgNO3溶解于10mLDMSO中,将质量分数10%的PVB加入配置好的电解质中使其成凝胶状态;
4)将镀有ITO的上基板、镀有PMMA和ITO的显示模组、凝胶状态的DMSO基电解液组成三明治结构的电致调光层。
通过以上步骤,形成了可在显示状态和镜面状态之间自由切换的显示装置。
实施例2-使用例
采用实施例1中制备的显示装置。当不加电压的情况下,电致调光层处于稳定的透明态。将透明导电层A接地,对电极B施加正电压1~3V,经过不到2s时间调光层处于镜面态,如图2所示。此时,对观察者来说,显示装置是一面镜子,并且不能观察到电致调光层后的显示器。
当撤去正电压时,电致调光层会逐渐缓慢地从镜面态恢复为透明态,如图3所示。
为了维持镜面状态,需持续施加正电压1~3V。
为了加速镜面态向透明态的恢复,对电极B施加负电压-1~-3V,经过不到2s时间调光层重新处于透明态。当调光层处于透明态后,立即停止施加电压,防止银在B侧沉积。

Claims (11)

1.一种显示装置,所述显示装置包含:
显示器;和
设置在显示器出光面侧的电致调光层,可以通过调节施加的电压使所述电致调光层在透明态和镜面态之间切换,
使得当所述电致调光层处于透明态时,所述显示器透过所述电致调光层可见;而当所述电致调光层处于镜面态时,其中形成遮挡所述显示器的镜面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的显示装置,其特征在于,
所述电致调光层包含两个透明导电层和夹在其间的电解质层;
在所述显示器和所述电致调光层之间设置有透明绝缘层;
其中通过由所述两个透明导电层对所述电解质层施加不同的电压,使所述电致调光层在透明态和镜面态之间切换。
3.根据权利要求2所述的显示装置,其特征在于,透明绝缘层厚度为100-300μm。
4.根据权利要求2所述的显示装置,其特征在于,所述透明绝缘层由PMMA制成。
5.根据权利要求2所述的显示装置,其特征在于,
所述电解质层为将含有银离子的无机盐、溴化剂、催化剂溶于有机溶剂形成的溶胶。
6.根据权利要求5所述的显示装置,其特征在于,
所述含有银离子的无机盐是AgNO3,所述溴化剂是TBABr,所述催化剂是CuCl2,且所述有机溶剂是DSMO,其中各物质的浓度分别为AgNO3的浓度为40-60mM,TBABr的浓度为200-300mM,且CuCl2的浓度为8-12mM。
7.根据权利要求2所述的显示装置,其特征在于,所述透明导电层厚度为80-120nm,且所述电解质层厚度为400-600μm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的显示装置,其特征在于,
透明态向镜面态切换时电压为1~4V,切换时间≤2S;
镜面态向透明态切换时电压为-1~-4V,切换时间≤2S。
9.根据权利要求1所述的显示装置,其特征在于,
所述显示装置具有使显示器的开/关状态与电致调光层的透明/镜面状态相应地匹配的控制工具。
10.根据权利要求1所述的显示装置,其特征在于,
所述显示装置是车内后视镜。
11.根据权利要求10所述的显示装置,其特征在于,
在所述车内后视镜中,所述镜面与所述显示器的出光面不平行,使得当所述车内后视镜被安装至车内时,所述镜面定位为使驾驶者可通过所述镜面观察到车辆后方。
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