CN105724036A - Good-quality and high-yield cultivation method for aconitum delavayi Franch - Google Patents
Good-quality and high-yield cultivation method for aconitum delavayi Franch Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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Abstract
The invention discloses a good-quality and high-yield cultivation method for aconitum delavayi Franch. The method includes the steps of seedling culture land and cultivation land selection, land preparation, seedling culture, transplanting and field management. Seedling culture land and cultivation land are selected from an area with the altitude ranging from 2700 m to 3200 m, the annual mean temperature ranging from 7.5 DEG C to 9.0 DEG C, the annual precipitation ranging from 800 mm to 1100 mm and the frost-free season lasting 150 d-180 d, the land is deeply ploughed in the time when autumn changes into winter and in January to February in the next year, and base fertilizer is applied; sowing and seedling culture are performed in March to April, and topdressing is performed in the period; transplanting is performed in November to December in the same year as sowing, three times of topdressing and two times of decomposed farmyard manure covering are performed in the period, proper water management is carried out, and top removing and bud picking are performed 2-3 times in the squaring period. By means of the method, a high yield can be achieved, the yield of fresh tubers of aconitum delavayi Franch can reach 13500-16500 kg/hm<2>, tubers meeting commodity requirements account for 75%, accurate operation can be achieved, and the method is easy to master and popularize.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to medical material planting technology field, be specifically related to the high yield cultivating method of Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) crow.
Background technology
Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) crow is ranunculaceae plant horse ear mountain Aconitum carmichjaelii Debx. (AconitumdelavayiFranch) tuber, has another name called pasture and water crow, Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii, stifled draws, evil mind solution.It it is Ranunculaceae herbaceos perennial.For one of China's Chinese medicine material.Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) crow tuber, containing multiple alkaloid, has significant toxicity and physiologically active, as local anaesthesia, calmness, antipyretic, heart tonifying etc. act on.There are expelling wind and removing dampness, anesthesia, dispersing cold for relieving pain, open expectorant, effect of detumescence, for rheumatic arthralgia, paralysis due to windstroke, treating swelling and pain by traumatic injury, intercostal neuralgia, solve aconite poisoning.It is widely used in traditional Chinese medical science compatibility and pharmaceutical raw material.It is distributed mainly on northwestern Yunnan Province and South-west Sichuan, in being born in the mountain region bushes of height above sea level 2400~3200 meters.
Along with the market demand of Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) crow increases day by day, the price of Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) crow is also rising steadily.Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) crow artificial growth area existing certain at present, but based on the scattered plantation of peasant household, but without the cultivation technique of a set of specification in selection of land, whole, seed seedling-raising, transplanting, field management etc., it is impossible to ensure quality and the yield of Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) crow, have impact on the economic benefit of Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) crow.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to current Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) crow cultivation technique random strong, in selection of land, whole, seed seedling-raising, transplanting, field management etc., lack the defect of a set of specification, fine cultivating superior high-yield method, it is provided that a kind of Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) crow cultivating superior high-yield method.
The present invention include milpa select, whole, nursery, transplanting, field management, its technical scheme is as follows:
(1) selection of milpa: select height above sea level 2700m~3200m, year samming 7.5 DEG C~9.0 DEG C, the coldest moon samming-1.0 DEG C~2.5 DEG C, the hottest moon samming 13.5 DEG C~15 DEG C, >=10.0 DEG C of annual accumution 1900.0 DEG C~2350.0 DEG C, annual precipitation 800mm~1100mm, the area of frost-free period 150d~180d, soil is brunisolic soil or sand loam, the gradient 10~20 degree, and physical features is exposed to the north or tailo virgin soil hillside fields or the non-continuous cropping of northeastward are ploughed;
(2) milpa wholely: first time in time of the year when autumn changes into winter ploughs deeply 30cm~40cm, removes rubble, weeds, is exposed to the sun;Carry out second time in 1~February of next year and plough deeply 30cm~40cm;Before trench digging reason moisture in the soil, spread fertilizer over the fields well-rotted farmyard manure 30000~45000kg/hm2, execute calcium superphosphate 450~675kg/hm simultaneously2Or compound fertilizer 450~675kg/hm2, in mass fraction, P in described calcium superphosphate2O5Content be 17%, N:P in described compound fertilizer2O5:K2The mass ratio of O is 15:15:15;Make the flat furrow of wide 1~1.2 meter for broadcasting;
(3) seed seedling-raising:
1. the selection of nursery and whole, in step (1) described area, selection soil fertility is: soil with organic matter content is 2~3% mass fractions, full nitrogen is 0.10~0.15% mass fraction, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen is 90~120mg/kg, and rapid available phosphorus is 10~20mg/kg, and the Radix Rehmanniae Preparata of available potassium 100~150mg/kg is nursery, nursery, after being exposed to the sun, is undertaken whole by step (2) mode;
2. seeding and seedling raising, sow 3~April behind whole ground, by the Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) crow seed of mass of 1000 kernel >=4g with the soil crossing 100 mesh sieves in the Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) crow seed of mass of 1000 kernel >=4g: cross after the native ratio that weight ratio is 1:30 of 100 mesh sieves mixes and mix thoroughly, it is spread on furrow face, waters after broadcasting sowing, then used the fiery soil of 40 mesh sieves to be uniformly spread on furrow face 0.5~1cm thick, earthing 1~2cm is thick again, Folium Pini thick for lid layer 0.5~1cm on the soil covered, Folium Pini covers black mulch film, and nursery is 45~60kg/hm by grain weight2Emerge when reaching 50~60%, remove the black mulch film covered, after Seedling all sprouts, by 2~3 centimetres of thinnings of spacing in the rows, and to keep soil moisture content be 55~65% mass fractions, imposing, in sowing late June then, the carbamide that leaded wastewater is 46% mass fraction, the sowing amount of described carbamide is 30~40g/, and sowing late August then imposes once-combined fertilizer, the consumption of compound fertilizer is 40~60g/, N:P in described compound fertilizer2O5:K2The mass ratio of O is 15:15:15;
(4) transplant: seeding and seedling raising 11~December then, excavate seedling, transplant the milpa arranged in step (2), earthing 2-3cm after cultivation by line-spacing 20~25cm, spacing in the rows 15~20cm, water;
(5) field management after transplanting:
1., during Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) crow grows, weeds, prevention and elimination of disease and pests are removed in time;Described prevention and elimination of disease and pests is: when finding powdery mildew, alternately sprays to powdery mildew disappearance with 500 times of liquid of 25% triadimefon wettable powder and 800 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder every 3~5 days;When finding root rot, grub out the pool in time and remove the Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) crow plant of dye root rot;When finding cutworm, spray with 1000 times of liquid of 2.5% decis wettable powder;
2. topdressing: weeding in combination, the Second Year late May after early June next year after transplanting, mid-August and transplanting imposes carbamide and compound fertilizer respectively, and the amount of imposing is every time: N content is the carbamide 225~300kg/hm of 46% mass fraction2, compound fertilizer 625~750kg/hm2, N:P in described compound fertilizer2O5:K2The mass ratio of O is 15:15:15;
3. mid-October next year after transplanting and the Second Year October after transplanting, on face, railway carriage or compartment, well-rotted farmyard manure 22500~30000kg/hm is covered in conjunction with ridging2;
4., when Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) crow enters squaring period, 2~3 pinching bud picking is carried out;
5., during Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) crow grows, keeping soil moisture content is 45~65% mass fractions;
6. the Second Year December after transplanting, tuber of gathering when plant is withered.
The method have the advantages that
1, the inventive method is by the suitable selection of milpa, nursery, the various suitable Water management of base manure, nursery and transplanting, prevention and elimination of disease and pests, plough deeply the synergism of each steps such as upper seeding, making Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) crow seed seedling-raising obtain breeding, the Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) fresh Root yield of crow reaches 13500~16500kg/hm2, tuber reaches commodity desired ratio and accounts for more than 75%, ratio comparison volume increase 47%~63%, reach good quality and high output.
2, each step of the inventive method can precisely operate, and repeatability is high, stable yield, it is easy to grasps and promotes.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.Following example are conventional method without specified otherwise.The materials such as seed, pesticide, fertilizer used by embodiment are commercially available.
Embodiment 1 the inventive method
(1) selection of milpa: select height above sea level 3000m, year samming 7.5 DEG C~9.0 DEG C, the coldest moon samming-1.0 DEG C~2.5 DEG C, the hottest moon samming 13.5 DEG C~15 DEG C, >=10.0 DEG C of annual accumution 1900.0 DEG C~2350.0 DEG C, annual precipitation 800mm~1100mm, the area of frost-free period 150d~180d, the brunisolic soil that soil is, the gradient 10~20 degree, the non-continuous cropping of tailo of physical features northeastward is ploughed;This area's rainfall focuses mostly in August, and the first year, December often had accumulated snow, frost to March in next year.
(2) milpa wholely: first time in time of the year when autumn changes into winter ploughs deeply 30cm~40cm, removes rubble, weeds, is exposed to the sun;Carry out second time January next year and plough deeply 30cm~40cm;Before trench digging reason moisture in the soil, spread fertilizer over the fields well-rotted farmyard manure 30000kg/hm2, sealing fertilizer 450kg/hm simultaneously2, N:P in described compound fertilizer2O5:K2The mass ratio of O is 15:15:15;Make the flat furrow of wide 1 meter for broadcasting.
(3) seed seedling-raising:
1. the selection of nursery and whole, nursery is required strict by Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) crow seed seedling-raising, in step (1) described area, selection soil fertility is: soil with organic matter content is 2~3% mass fractions, full nitrogen N is 0.10~0.15% mass fraction, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen is calculated as 90~120mg/kg with N, and rapid available phosphorus is with P2O5Being calculated as 10~20mg/kg, available potassium is with K2It is nursery that O is calculated as the Radix Rehmanniae Preparata of 100~150mg/kg, and nursery, after being exposed to the sun, is undertaken whole by step (2) mode.
2. seeding and seedling raising, sow April behind whole ground, by the Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) crow seed of mass of 1000 kernel >=4g with the soil crossing 100 mesh sieves in the Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) crow seed of mass of 1000 kernel >=4g: cross after the native ratio that weight ratio is 1:30 of 100 mesh sieves mixes and mix thoroughly, be spread on furrow face, water after broadcasting sowing, afterwards, furrow face 0.5~1cm uniformly it is spread on thick with the fiery soil crossing 40 mesh sieves, then the Folium Pini that earthing 1~2cm is thick, thick for lid layer 0.5~1cm on the soil covered, covering black mulch film on Folium Pini, nursery is 60kg/hm by grain weight2.Described fiery soil is to use plant deadwood, and size matching is placed in ground, soil block and fine earth is layered on above plant deadwood and is lighted deadwood, keeps internal-combustion to lose naked light, and heap is warmed up 48 hours, and the soil burnt i.e. fire soil.Emerge when reaching 50~60%, cancel the black mulch film covered, after Seedling all sprouts, by 2 centimetres of thinnings of spacing in the rows, and to keep soil moisture content be 55~65% mass fractions, remove weeds in time, loosen the soil, imposing, in sowing late June then, the carbamide that leaded wastewater is 46% mass fraction, the sowing amount of described carbamide is 30g/, and sowing late August then imposes once-combined fertilizer, the consumption of compound fertilizer is 40g/, N:P in described compound fertilizer2O5:K2The mass ratio of O is 15:15:15.
(4) transplant: in step (3) 2. seeding and seedling raising December then, excavate seedling, tiltedly plant the milpa arranged into step (2), earthing 2-3cm after cultivation by line-spacing 20cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, water permeable.
(5) field management after transplanting:
1., during Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) crow grows, weeds, prevention and elimination of disease and pests are removed in time.Disease easily sends out powdery mildew and root rot, when finding powdery mildew, alternately sprayed to powdery mildew disappearance with 500 times of liquid of 25% triadimefon wettable powder and 800 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder every 4 days, it has been found that during root rot, grub out the pool in time and remove the Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) crow plant of dye root rot;Insect pest mainly has cutworm, it has been found that during cutworm, sprays with 1000 times of liquid of 2.5% decis wettable powder.
2. topdress: weeding in combination, mid-August next year after early June next year, step (4) transplanting and the Second Year late May after step (4) transplanting after step (4) is transplanted respectively, all imposing carbamide and compound fertilizer, the amount of imposing is every time: N content is the carbamide 225kg/hm of 46% mass fraction2With compound fertilizer 625kg/hm2, N:P in described compound fertilizer2O5:K2The mass ratio of O is 15:15:15.
3. other mid-October next year after step (4) is transplanted and the Second Year October after step (4) transplanting, on face, railway carriage or compartment, well-rotted farmyard manure 22500kg/hm is covered in conjunction with ridging2, to reach anti-freezing and heat-insulating, increase the purpose of soil fertility.
4. when Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) crow enters squaring period, carry out 3 pinching bud picking, to suppress plant excessive growth, it is prevented that nutrient consumption, make nutrient concentrate on root, promote root growth.
5., during Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) crow grows, keeping soil moisture content is 45~65% mass fractions;
6. the Second Year December after step (4) is transplanted, tuber of gathering when plant is withered.Tuber is dug out, removes earth and fibrous root, dry, pick up decontamination.Being adopted fresh beet yield is 13500~16500kg/hm2, the ratio reaching commodity requirement (commodity require that fresh tuber substance is at 80-120g) in tuber accounts for more than 75%, and product quality is high.
Comparison: Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) crow cultivation at present does not have relevant bibliographical information, many operations with reference to Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb (AconitumKusnezoffiiReichb.) in cultivation, primary operational is for adopting trench digging drilling, ditch depth l5~18cm, the thick fine earth of fertilizer lid last layer 3 5cm is more after planting executed according to line-spacing 40~45cm, spacing in the rows 10~12cm.Per hectare uses the farm manure 27000kg become thoroughly decomposed, phosphate fertilizer 750~900kg, carbamide 90 120kg, uses after phosphate fertilizer and farm manure mix;When seedling has 6~8 leaves, namely start first time dressing fertilizer, mainly based on stable dung water, second time is topdressed and should be carried out by about 20d before plant blossom, now tuber has been enter into growing and expands the fastest period, per hectare sealing fertilizer 495~525kg, and in conjunction with weeding in fertilising.Ground moistening is often kept at whole growth and development stage.In the whole growth course of Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii, available 1:2000 times of water diluent of decis sprays soil and plant, prevents and treats the cutworm harm to rhizome, and its yield is 8250~11250kg/hm2。
Claims (1)
1. a Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) crow cultivating superior high-yield method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) selection of milpa: select height above sea level 2700m~3200m, year samming 7.5 DEG C~9.0 DEG C, the coldest moon samming-1.0 DEG C~2.5 DEG C, the hottest moon samming 13.5 DEG C~15 DEG C, >=10.0 DEG C of annual accumution 1900.0 DEG C~2350.0 DEG C, annual precipitation 800mm~1100mm, the area of frost-free period 150d~180d, soil is brunisolic soil or sand loam, the gradient 10~20 degree, and physical features is exposed to the north or tailo virgin soil hillside fields or the non-continuous cropping of northeastward are ploughed;
(2) milpa wholely: first time in time of the year when autumn changes into winter ploughs deeply 30cm~40cm, removes rubble, weeds, is exposed to the sun;Carry out second time in 1~February of next year and plough deeply 30cm~40cm;Before trench digging reason moisture in the soil, spread fertilizer over the fields well-rotted farmyard manure 30000~45000kg/hm2, execute calcium superphosphate 450~675kg/hm simultaneously2Or compound fertilizer 450~675kg/hm2, in mass fraction, P in described calcium superphosphate2O5Content be 17%, N:P in described compound fertilizer2O5:K2The mass ratio of O is 15:15:15;Make the flat furrow of wide 1~1.2 meter for broadcasting;
(3) seed seedling-raising:
1. the selection of nursery and whole, in step (1) described area, selection soil fertility is: soil with organic matter content is 2~3% mass fractions, full nitrogen is 0.10~0.15% mass fraction, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen is 90~120mg/kg, and rapid available phosphorus is 10~20mg/kg, and available potassium is the Radix Rehmanniae Preparata of 100~150mg/kg is nursery, nursery, after being exposed to the sun, is undertaken whole by step (2) mode;
2. seeding and seedling raising, sow 3~April behind whole ground, by the Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) crow seed of mass of 1000 kernel >=4g with the soil crossing 100 mesh sieves in the Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) crow seed of mass of 1000 kernel >=4g: cross after the native ratio that weight ratio is 1:30 of 100 mesh sieves mixes and mix thoroughly, it is spread on furrow face, waters after broadcasting sowing, then used the fiery soil of 40 mesh sieves to be uniformly spread on furrow face 0.5~1cm thick, earthing 1~2cm is thick again, Folium Pini thick for lid layer 0.5~1cm on the soil covered, Folium Pini covers black mulch film, and nursery is 45~60kg/hm by grain weight2Emerge when reaching 50~60%, remove the black mulch film covered, after Seedling all sprouts, by 2~3 centimetres of thinnings of spacing in the rows, and to keep soil moisture content be 55~65% mass fractions, imposing, in sowing late June then, the carbamide that leaded wastewater is 46% mass fraction, the sowing amount of described carbamide is 30~40g/, and sowing late August then imposes once-combined fertilizer, the consumption of compound fertilizer is 40~60g/, N:P in described compound fertilizer2O5:K2The mass ratio of O is 15:15:15;
(4) transplant: seeding and seedling raising 11~December then, excavate seedling, transplant the milpa arranged in step (2), earthing 2-3cm after cultivation by line-spacing 20~25cm, spacing in the rows 15~20cm, water;
(5) field management after transplanting:
1., during Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) crow grows, weeds, prevention and elimination of disease and pests are removed in time;Described prevention and elimination of disease and pests is: when finding powdery mildew, alternately sprayed to powdery mildew disappearance with 500 times of liquid of 25% triadimefon wettable powder and 800 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder every 3~5 days, when finding root rot, grub out the pool in time and remove the Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) crow plant of dye root rot;When finding cutworm, spray with 1000 times of liquid of 2.5% decis wettable powder;
2. topdressing: weeding in combination, the Second Year late May after early June next year after transplanting, mid-August and transplanting imposes carbamide and compound fertilizer respectively, and the amount of imposing is every time: N content is the carbamide 225~300kg/hm of 46% mass fraction2With compound fertilizer 625~750kg/hm2, N:P in described compound fertilizer2O5:K2The mass ratio of O is 15:15:15;
3. mid-October next year after transplanting and the Second Year October after transplanting, on face, railway carriage or compartment, well-rotted farmyard manure 22500~30000kg/hm is covered in conjunction with ridging2;
4., when Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) crow enters squaring period, 2~3 pinching bud picking is carried out;
5., during Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) crow grows, keeping soil moisture content is 45~65% mass fractions;
6. the Second Year December after transplanting, tuber of gathering when plant is withered.
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Cited By (4)
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CN107567997A (en) * | 2017-09-02 | 2018-01-12 | 昆明兴瑞药材种植有限公司 | A kind of wild radix aconiti agrestis domestication implantation methods |
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CN105724036B (en) | 2019-03-19 |
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