CN207639321U - A kind of sloping upland agricultural non-point source pollution integrated control system - Google Patents
A kind of sloping upland agricultural non-point source pollution integrated control system Download PDFInfo
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- CN207639321U CN207639321U CN201721694891.0U CN201721694891U CN207639321U CN 207639321 U CN207639321 U CN 207639321U CN 201721694891 U CN201721694891 U CN 201721694891U CN 207639321 U CN207639321 U CN 207639321U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a kind of sloping upland agricultural non-point source pollution integrated control system, and the system comprises Soil Erosion Prevention and Cure system, ecological canal system, step water storage system and terminal purifying systems.Soil Erosion Prevention and Cure system can prevent generation, migration and the output of agricultural area source substance in source；Ecological canal system can effective silt sediment, purify water, reduce pollutant concentration；Step water storage system can accumulate runoff from upslope, and silt sediment purifies water, and iirigation water source is provided for lower section sloping upland；Terminal purifying system is made of sedimentation basin, anaerobic digester and artificial swamp, for entering river, storage water quality progress ecological intercepting and purification.The utility model makes full use of the orographic condition of sloping upland, the critical process and different phase occurred for pollution of area source during agricultural tillage, effective prevention and control measure and method are taken, the efficiency that recycles of sloping upland liquid manure resource is improved, reduces slope surface soil erosion and non-point source pollutant output.
Description
Technical field
The utility model is related to ecological protection, Ides On Prevention And Control of Regional Pollution and water and soil conservation field, specifically a kind of sloping upland agriculture
Industry pollution of area source integrated control system.
Background technology
Sloping upland refers to the soil utilized by tillage method in massif slope surface, and since the gradient is big, hypsography has
The problems such as productivity is low, and water conservation, fertilizer-preserving ability are poor, soil erosion and serious non-point source pollutant output.Reservoir area of Three Gorges is that China slope is ploughed
Ground is distributed one of the area concentrated the most, about 0.358 hundred million mu of sloping upland area, 80% or more of cultivated area in occupied area, remote height
Average level in the whole nation 20%.These sloping uplands are the basis that the reservoir area of Three Gorges people depend on for existence and reservoir area of Three Gorges silt
With the main source of pollution of area source.
Sloping upland pollution of area source process usually with soil erosion process phase association.Since sloping upland slope surface gradient is high, drop
After rain reaches earth's surface, by the combined influence of gravity and slope surface support force, it is easy to be formed along the downward quick rainwash of slope surface, punching
Brush soil and nutriment so that the required nutriment of plant growth forms pollution of area source with runoff and sediment flow behavior.
By taking reservoir area of Three Gorges as an example, the number of dropouts in sloping upland Soil Nitrogen and phosphorus rainy season is respectively 1.038kg/hm2、0.509kg/hm2, long-range
It is lost in same region region of no relief horizontal.
Experiment shows that the nitrogen in sloping upland rainwash mainly has nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen etc., is with nitrate nitrogen output
It is main；Phosphorus element has titanium pigment and particle cluster flow, based on particle cluster flow.Domestic sloping upland Ides On Prevention And Control of Regional Pollution technology master at present
The methods of have transforming slope into terrace, plant hedge, improved using slow-release fertilizer, tillage control measure；Also researcher controls slope surface farming mould by resistance
The generation that the change of formula prevents erosion is ploughed by " source control-process control-end-o f-pipe -control " to prevent Hills And Low Mountains
Ground-level source pollutes.The application of these technologies played an important role the prevention of China's soil erosion and pollution of area source.
Although we conduct in-depth research in terms of Ides On Prevention And Control of Regional Pollution single technology, also achieve it is larger into
Step, but China also lacks effective method and control in terms of the integrated control of sloping upland agricultural non-point source pollution and Systematic control
Pollution of area source and soil erosion process binding analysis are especially carried out Ides On Prevention And Control of Regional Pollution related ends and few by system processed
See.
Based on reservoir area of Three Gorges and Upper Yangtze River sloping upland pollution of area source process and genesis mechanism, the water of sloping upland is considered
Soil resource advantage and disadvantage, it includes soil erosion and Ides On Prevention And Control of Regional Pollution, fertility raising, liquid manure resource high-efficiency profit to form one
With the Comprehensive Control system and method being combined, have important practical significance.For people particularly thorny, rainfall is big, ground
The precipitous reservoir area of Three Gorges sloping upland agricultural non-point source pollution prevention integrated control system more realistic meaning of shape.
Utility model content
The utility model lies in that a kind of sloping upland agricultural non-point source pollution integrated control system is provided, by slope runoff recycling
It recycles, nitrogen, the phosphorus in slope runoff is realized retention to the greatest extent, realize Ides On Prevention And Control of Regional Pollution and cleanly production,
Have great importance for prevention sloping upland pollution of area source.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose of utility model, the utility model adopts the following technical solution：
A kind of sloping upland agricultural non-point source pollution integrated control system, including Soil Erosion Prevention and Cure system, ecological canal system,
Step water storage system and terminal purifying system, the Soil Erosion Prevention and Cure system include the terraced bank of rill erosion control and plantation
The plant hedge of terraced bank is controlled in rill erosion, the ecological canal system includes drain dyke, setting pot, step water storage system
System includes the cistern for being distributed in different height, and the terminal purifying system includes sedimentation pond, anaerobic digester, Manual moist
Ground and biological floating bed；The terraced bank of rill erosion control is the critical plane method that is occurred using rill erosion as interval, in slope surface upper edge
Contour is built terraced bank and is formed；The drain dyke is divided into two-stage, and wherein level-one drain dyke surface is laid with grass-planting brick, edge
The low-lying place of slope surface is laid perpendicular to slope surface contour, and two level drain dyke is laid along slope surface contour, the level-one drain dyke
It is connect by the setting pot that centre is laid with two level drain dyke, ecological grass is formed after planting hygrophyte in level-one gutter
Ditch；The cistern upper end is equipped with the spillway being connected with gutter, and the cistern entrance is connected with ecological grass ditch, goes out
It is connected with lower section arable land Irrigation Ditch at mouthful.
Further, the terraced bank width of rill erosion control is 10~20cm, is highly 15~20cm.
Further, for the plant hedge based on eurytopicity herbaceos perennial, species include day lily, gold and silver
Flower and false indigo.
Further, the level-one drain dyke and the two level drain dyke are inverted trapezoidal, and the level-one cuts draining
Ditch upper end width is 30~50cm, and lower end width is 10~20cm, and depth is more than 50cm；The two level drain dyke upper end
Width is 10~20cm, depth 10-20cm.
Further, the setting pot is conical deceleration setting pot, upper end port radius 15-25cm, lower end port radius 5-
10cm, depth 30-50cm are installed on drain dyke path.
Further, the hygrophyte is one kind or combinations thereof in Chinese celery, wild water chestnut, water spinach, Bermuda grass.
Further, the cistern is arranged 1 according to average 20~50 mu of ground range of converging, and the cistern is cylinder
Shape, pond port radius are 0.8~1.0m, and depth is 1.5~3.0m.
Further, the terminal purifying system is made of pretreatment unit and main body processing unit two parts, described pre-
Processing unit is mainly sedimentation pond, anaerobic digester；The main unit includes artificial swamp and biological floating bed.
The utility model has following distinguishing feature and advantage compared with existing sloping upland agricultural non-point source pollution Prevention Technique：
The utility model prevents the output of the generation and pollution of area source of systemic control soil erosion by slope soil erosion,
The silt and nutriment in rainwash are filtered by ecological canal system, slope surface water resource is realized by step water storage system
Reassignment, promote liquid manure resource to recycle, by terminal purifying system realize slope runoff refilter and clean it is defeated
Go out.The utility model is easy to operate, construction cost is low, manage and protect conveniently, can reuse, run manage and protect it is at low cost, using model
Wide, ecologically clean is enclosed, there are higher economic results in society and ecological benefits." terraced bank rill erosion control-is heavy for the slope surface of system
Sand pond-cistern-sedimentation pond " control is than the degree of filtration for improving silt using single technology, " plant hedge-ecological grass
Ditch-artificial swamp-biological floating island " can significantly improve the interception rate and absorptivity of nitrogen in slope runoff, phosphorus；Step cistern ratio
Conventional method is better able to increase reassignment and the utilization of slope surface liquid manure resource, while as the emergent of sloping upland seasonal drought
Iirigation water source.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the utility model sloping upland agricultural non-point source pollution integrated control system；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the utility model sloping upland agricultural non-point source pollution method for integrated control；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of Soil Erosion Prevention and Cure system and ecological canal system in the utility model；
Fig. 4 is the schematic layout pattern that drainage system is cut in the utility model；
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the cistern of step water storage system in the utility model.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with the attached drawing in the utility model, the technical solution in the utility model is carried out clearly and completely
Description.
The utility model provides a kind of sloping upland agricultural non-point source pollution integrated control system, and sloping upland water, soil, fertilizer are provided
Source efficient circulation is utilized to be combined with agricultural non-point source pollution prevention, is that the important technology of with alleviating people from Mountain Area contradictory problems is protected
Barrier.
It please refers to Fig.1 and Fig. 2, the integrated control system includes Soil Erosion Prevention and Cure system, ecological canal system, step
Water storage system and terminal purifying system.Wherein, Soil Erosion Prevention and Cure system includes the terraced bank of rill erosion control and plantation in thin
The plant hedge of ditch erosion control ladder bank can prevent generation, migration and the output of agricultural area source pollutants matter in source；The ecology
Sewerage includes drain dyke, setting pot, can effective silt sediment, purify water, reduce pollutant concentration；The ladder
Grade water storage system includes the cistern for being distributed in different height, and each cistern can accumulate runoff from upslope, silt sediment, purification
Water quality provides iirigation water source for lower section sloping upland；The terminal purifying system includes sedimentation pond, anaerobic digester, artificial
Wetland and biological floating bed.
As shown in figure 3, being interval with the critical plane method (L) that rill erosion occurs, terraced bank is built in slope surface upper edge contour,
Form the terraced bank of rill erosion control.The critical plane method is shown in Table 1, and the terraced bank width is 10~20cm, is highly
15~20cm.The terraced bank of rill erosion control reduces source by the generation of the formation and slope soil erosion of prevention rill
The output of pollution of area source substance.
Critical plane method statistical form occurs for the typical sloping upland rill erosion of table 1
Planting plants hedge on terraced bank is controlled in the rill erosion, the plant hedge is with eurytopicity herbaceos perennial
Based on, species include day lily, honeysuckle and false indigo etc., form microfiltration band, the silt being detained in rainwash,
The nutriment in rainwash is absorbed, is formed before rainwash leaves slope surface and is stopped and filter.
The plantation of the plant hedge is preferably specially：Spring is planted in slope surface, and shallow-layer is carried out to slope surface before sowing
Soil loosens the soil, and then using broadcasting sowing or cuttage mode is planted, needs to broadcast sowing kind, broadcast sowing density in planting be 300~500/
m2, need cuttage to plant, cuttage planting density is 50-100 plants/m2.After completing plantation, the utility model is needed to plant hedge
It is managed, the plant hedge management includes seedling management, harvesting management.In the present invention, the seedling management
Preferably weeds are removed；Harvesting management predominantly flower, the harvesting of fruit and the trimming of plant hedge, the plant hedge
Trimming mainly when plant hedge height is more than 0.5m, need to trim plant hedge, trim mode is to wipe out and be higher than
The branches and leaves of 30cm.
Bright ditch form is used on sloping upland, lays slope runoff outgoing route, setting drain dyke, setting pot and ecology
Careless ditch, the drain dyke, setting pot and ecological grass ditch are linked together by water conservancy diversion water channel, form continuous processing system,
Runoff process is controlled.
As shown in figure 4, the drain dyke is divided into two-stage, wherein level-one drain dyke is inverted trapezoidal, and surface, which is laid with, plants
Careless brick has the function of draining, biofiltration, is laid perpendicular to slope surface contour along the low-lying place of slope surface；Two level drain dyke is to fall
It is trapezoidal, it has both and collects rainwash, intercepts and captures interflow and drain function, laid along slope surface contour.The level-one cuts draining
Ditch upper end width is 30~50cm, and lower end width is 10~20cm, and depth is more than 50cm；The two level drain dyke upper end
Width is 10~20cm, depth 10-20cm.It is heavy that the level-one drain dyke and two level drain dyke is laid by centre
Sand pond connects.
The setting pot is small-sized setting pot, for a kind of conical deceleration setting pot, on the cone deceleration setting pot
Port radius 15-25cm, lower end port radius 5-10cm, depth 30-50cm are the detachable setting pot of plastic material, are installed on and cut
On the path of gutter.The small-sized setting pot needs periodically to carry out silt cleaning, and clearance time is before next heavy rain or after rain
In 3-5 days, it can be continued with after clearing up silt.
The ecological grass ditch is to plant the pollution of area source filtering formed after hygrophyte in level-one gutter, absorb and inhale
Attached integrated system is mainly used for further blocking the silt in runoff, the agricultural area source pollutants matter such as receive nitrogen, phosphorus.It is described
Ecological grass ditch is made of ditch body structure and hygrophyte two parts, and the ditch body structure is level-one gutter；Described is wet
The herbaceous plant that plant is strong adsorption, has certain resistance, has both certain economic value, specific plant are：Chinese celery, open country
Water chestnut, water spinach, Bermuda grass etc..The ecological grass ditch, is laid between setting pot and cistern, can be to runoff and sediment into one
Step intercept, and is absorbed to the faces source such as nitrogen, phosphorus substance.
In the utility model, step water storage system is set in slope surface, for storing slope runoff, is provided for slope surface liquid manure
It reallocates in source.The step water storage system by slope surface where sloping upland from high to low, the multiple cisterns being distributed from top to bottom
It is formed by connecting, the cistern is arranged 1 according to average 20~50 mu of ground range of converging, and the cistern is cylinder, Chi Kou
Radius is 0.8~1.0m, and depth is 1.5~3.0m, and cistern inner wall and bottom carry out Anti-seeping technology, and there are overflow for cistern upper end
Big vast mouth, spillway are connected with gutter.As shown in figure 5, the cistern entrance is connected with ecological grass ditch, exit and lower section
Irrigation Ditch of ploughing is connected, and is connected by ecological canal system between different cisterns.
In the utility model, setting terminal purifying system is to entering river, storage water quality progress ecological intercepting and purification, the end
End purification system is made of pretreatment unit and main body processing unit two parts, and the pretreatment unit is mainly sedimentation
Pond, anaerobic digester；The main unit includes artificial swamp and biological floating bed.
Preferably, the sedimentation pond can be according to wide 2m, and long 3~5m, deep 1m are built, and the sedimentation pond is
A kind of sandstone filtering ponds, the sandstone filter bag is interior to use more graded filtering medias, upper layer to use big grain size stone matter filtrate, and lower layer adopts
With the broken husky filtrate of small particle, levels thickness proportion is 2:1, water can enter sedimentation pond by top, by bilayer
After filtering, excluded to enter anaerobic digester by lower section.
Preferably, the wide 2m of the anaerobic digester, long 3~5m, deep 0.5m, pool wall do Anti-seeping technology.
Preferably, the artificial swamp is that the artificial swamp of width 3m, long 20-50m are constituted, artificial swamp plantation
Humidogene herbaceous plant, plant species have the plant constitutions such as Bermuda grass, reed, cattail, green onion orchid, Radix Ophiopogonis, according to equal proportion hybrid
It plants (seed grain quantity ratio)；
Preferably, it is described it is biological floating bed be made of chinampa and water plant two parts, the chinampa is using there is frame
Wet type chinampa, the plant choose the water plants such as canna, cattail, it is described it is biological floating bed be set to artificial swamp and river or
The intersection of the lake and reservoir water surface, it is described it is biological floating bed need to regularly carry out maintenance and management, water plant can be carried out at harvesting
Reason, to reduce the pollution of area source total amounts such as the nitrogen into river water body, phosphorus.
Above description is only a specific implementation of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the utility model is not limited to
It is any to belong to those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the utility model in this, the change that can be readily occurred in
Change or replace, should be covered within the scope of the utility model.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of sloping upland agricultural non-point source pollution integrated control system, it is characterised in that：Including Soil Erosion Prevention and Cure system, ecology
Sewerage, step water storage system and terminal purifying system, the Soil Erosion Prevention and Cure system include the terraced bank of rill erosion control,
And plantation controls the plant hedge of terraced bank in rill erosion, the ecological canal system includes drain dyke, setting pot, the ladder
Grade water storage system includes the cistern for being distributed in different height, and the terminal purifying system includes sedimentation pond, anaerobic digestion
Pond, artificial swamp and biological floating bed；The terraced bank of rill erosion control is the critical plane method that is occurred using rill erosion as interval,
Slope surface upper edge contour is built terraced bank and is formed；The drain dyke is divided into two-stage, and wherein level-one drain dyke surface is laid with
Grass-planting brick is laid along the low-lying place of slope surface perpendicular to slope surface contour, and two level drain dyke is laid along slope surface contour, the level-one
Drain dyke and two level drain dyke are connected by the setting pot that centre is laid, and shape after hygrophyte is planted in level-one gutter
At ecological grass ditch；The cistern upper end is equipped with the spillway being connected with gutter, the cistern entrance and ecological grass
Ditch is connected, and exit is connected with lower section arable land Irrigation Ditch.
2. sloping upland agricultural non-point source pollution integrated control system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The rill erosion
The terraced bank width of control is 10~20cm, is highly 15~20cm.
3. sloping upland agricultural non-point source pollution integrated control system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The plant hedge with
Based on eurytopicity herbaceos perennial, species include day lily, honeysuckle and false indigo.
4. sloping upland agricultural non-point source pollution integrated control system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The level-one cuts row
Ditch and the two level drain dyke are inverted trapezoidal, and the level-one drain dyke upper end width is 30~50cm, lower end width
For 10~20cm, depth is more than 50cm；The two level drain dyke upper end width is 10~20cm, depth 10-20cm.
5. sloping upland agricultural non-point source pollution integrated control system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The setting pot is
Conical deceleration setting pot, upper end port radius 15-25cm, lower end port radius 5-10cm, depth 30-50cm are installed on and cut draining
On ditch path.
6. sloping upland agricultural non-point source pollution integrated control system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The humidogene is planted
Object is one kind or combinations thereof in Chinese celery, wild water chestnut, water spinach, Bermuda grass.
7. sloping upland agricultural non-point source pollution integrated control system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The cistern is pressed
It is arranged 1 according to average 20~50 mu of ground range of converging, the cistern is cylinder, and pond port radius is 0.8~1.0m, and depth is
1.5~3.0m.
8. sloping upland agricultural non-point source pollution integrated control system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The terminal purifying
System is made of pretreatment unit and main body processing unit two parts, and the pretreatment unit is mainly sedimentation pond, anaerobism
Digester；The main body processing unit includes artificial swamp and biological floating bed.
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| CN201721694891.0U CN207639321U (en) | 2017-12-08 | 2017-12-08 | A kind of sloping upland agricultural non-point source pollution integrated control system |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107853121A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-03-30 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | A kind of sloping upland agricultural non-point source pollution integrated control system and method |
| CN110306523A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-10-08 | 西南大学 | A kind of Li Geng Lu Gou pond the erosion caused by sloping surfaces control method |
| CN110939114A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-03-31 | 陕西地建土地工程技术研究院有限责任公司 | Irrigation and drainage regulation and control system for soil reclamation of low-humidity field in arid region |
| CN111165257A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-05-19 | 湖南耘际农业发展有限公司 | Garden building and planting method for hilly gentle slope area |
-
2017
- 2017-12-08 CN CN201721694891.0U patent/CN207639321U/en active Active
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107853121A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-03-30 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | A kind of sloping upland agricultural non-point source pollution integrated control system and method |
| CN107853121B (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2023-09-26 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Comprehensive control system and method for agricultural non-point source pollution of hillside fields |
| CN110306523A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-10-08 | 西南大学 | A kind of Li Geng Lu Gou pond the erosion caused by sloping surfaces control method |
| CN110939114A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-03-31 | 陕西地建土地工程技术研究院有限责任公司 | Irrigation and drainage regulation and control system for soil reclamation of low-humidity field in arid region |
| CN111165257A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-05-19 | 湖南耘际农业发展有限公司 | Garden building and planting method for hilly gentle slope area |
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