CN103073151A - Control system and technology of agricultural non-point source pollution based on hedgerows and multilayer percolation ponds - Google Patents
Control system and technology of agricultural non-point source pollution based on hedgerows and multilayer percolation ponds Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a control system of agricultural non-point source pollution based on hedgerows and multilayer percolation ponds. The control system comprises hedgerows, grass ditches, multilayer percolation ponds and denitrification walls, wherein the hedgerows are planted along terrace edges on a sloping field and used for wind prevention and sand fixation and water and soil erosion prevention; the grass ditches are excavated along lower edges of the sloping field and are further used for sediment precipitation and reserved water reuse; the multilayer percolation ponds are arranged between natural water areas and the grass ditches and in parallel with the grass ditches and used for absorbing phosphorus and nitrogen in water overflowing from the grass ditches; and the denitrification walls are arranged outside the natural water areas and on convergence paths of shallow surface water and used for denitrificating nitrate nitrogen in the shallow surface water into nitrogen. According to the control system and a technology of agricultural non-point source pollution based on hedgerows and multilayer percolation ponds, technologies of the hedgerows, grass ditches, multilayer percolation ponds and denitrification walls are combined, and simultaneously, a same surface runoff of non-point source pollution is processed differently in different periods in an actual application process, so that processing loads can be reduced, and nutrient substances and water resources can be recycled.
Description
Technical field
Patent of the present invention belongs to the pollution of area source control techniques in the environmental engineering, mainly for the increasingly serious widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area of China, especially the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in the widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area is controlled, and is specifically related to a kind of widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area Controlling System and technique based on plant hedge and the multilayer diafiltration pool.
Background technology
Along with China's expanding economy, environmental issue is increasingly serious, and people administered for point-source pollution mostly in the past, but along with people for the going deep into of environmental problem understanding, the pollution of area source problem causes people's attention gradually.In pollution of area source, widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area is very important source of pollution, excessive use fertilizer and pesticide, distributing residential area, rural area sanitary sewage is unprocessed or enter the river through simple process, and these have all caused great impact to local rivers and lakes.
For example national Route head works of attracting attention is in Danjiangkou Reservoir, and Reservoir Area of Danjiangkou and upstream scope relate to 43 counties (city, district) on Shaanxi, Hubei, 8 ground of 3 provinces, Henan (city), and land area is 8.93 ten thousand km2 approximately.Total population 1266.4 ten thousand people, wherein, agricultural population 1016.99 ten thousand people, agricultural workforce 503.53 ten thousand people, agricultural population density 114 people/km
2Population mainly is distributed in storehouse, Danjiangkou week, master stream, Danjiang River, Han River bank, basin and ground, dam, the most of Zhongshan District that belongs in southern foot, the Qinling Mountains and Daba Mountain northern foot, and population distribution is less.The data statistics that reports according to local government, 2008, face source, watershed sewage entered the river amount and is about 4357.7 ten thousand t, COD and enters the river amount and be about 4.8 ten thousand t, NH3-N and enter the river amount and be about 6450.7t.The pollution load of Reservoir Area of Danjiangkou and upstream region is mainly from the pollution of area source in rural area, comprise farmland pollution of area source, Pollution from livestock and poultry and life in the countryside pollution, the soil is porous owing to this area, rainfall is concentrated, agricultural chemicals and applying quantity of chemical fertilizer are large, the area source pollutants such as the agriculture production that soil erosion is carried secretly, life in the countryside and livestock and poultry cultivation enter river and reservoir with the earth's surface runoff, the exacerbate water body pollution.According to Different Crop area, single livestock and poultry and rural area individual COD, NH3-N generation statistics, determine that watershed non point source of pollution year COD generating capacity is 2.2 ten thousand t, the NH3-N generating capacity is 0.4 ten thousand t.
The whole nation is similar to the important like this waterhead area of Danjiangkou Reservoir to be had a lot, but the river, lake of these waterhead area peripheries all is faced with the threat of widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area.Can say, if there is not the method for a whole set of practicable control widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area, river and the lake water quality of the most waterhead area peripheries of China will run down.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area Controlling System and technique based on plant hedge and the multilayer diafiltration pool, for widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area, especially the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in the widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area is controlled, and prevents that widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area from working the mischief to rivers and lakes.
In order to achieve the above object, the concrete technical scheme of the present invention's employing is:
A kind of widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area Controlling System based on plant hedge and the multilayer diafiltration pool comprises:
, be used for checking winds and fixing drifting sand along the plant hedge of the terraced fields edge planting of offering in the slope, prevent erosion;
Excavate the grass planting ditch that arranges along the hillside fields lower edge, 30 ± 5 meters of length, 1 meter of width, 1 meter of height is used for further precipitation silt and realizes that water is multiplexing;
Between natural water zone and grass planting ditch, the multilayer diafiltration pool with the grass planting ditch be arranged in parallel is used for phosphorus and nitrogen that absorption overflows the water of grass planting ditch;
Peripheral in the natural water zone, converge the denitrification wall that path arranges at shallow layer surface water, width is 50 ± 5cm, 1 meter of height, the nitric nitrogen denitrification that is used for shallow ground water is nitrogen.
Plant is false indigo and/or five-leaved chaste tree and/or alfalfa in the described plant hedge.
The plant hedge at every one deck terraced fields edge is many rows, and row's spacing is 1m, and line space is 30 ~ 70cm.
Be provided with water pump in the described grass planting ditch, be used in not rainfall water pumped into the hillside fields upper limb.
Bottom, the described multilayer diafiltration pool is covered with gac, charcoal, diatomite or kaolin.
Described multilayer diafiltration pool bottommost is laid the nitrogen sorbing material layer, lays phosphorus sorbing material layer, every layer height 40 ~ 60cm on the nitrogen sorbing material layer.
Described denitrification wall mainly is comprised of charcoal, described charcoal be by stalk at 300 ℃, anoxycausis 3 hours preparation and getting.
The present invention is based on the widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area control technique on plant hedge and the multilayer diafiltration pool, comprising:
, be used for checking winds and fixing drifting sand along the terraced fields edge planting plant hedge of offering in the slope, prevent erosion;
Along the excavation of hillside fields lower edge the grass planting ditch is set, 30 ± 5 meters of length, 1 meter of width, 1 meter of height is used for further precipitating silt and realizing that water is multiplexing;
Between natural water zone and grass planting ditch, with the grass planting ditch multilayer diafiltration pool that be arranged in parallel, be divided into two-layerly, the upper strata is filled with the material of Phosphate Sorption, and lower floor is filled with the material of removing nitrogen, and every layer height 40 ~ 60cm is used for adsorbing phosphorus and the nitrogen of the water that overflows the grass planting ditch;
Peripheral in the natural water zone, converge path at shallow layer surface water the denitrification wall is set, denitrification wall chief component is the charcoal of not carbonization, width is 50 ± 5cm, 1 meter of height, the nitric nitrogen denitrification that is used for shallow ground water is nitrogen.
Total nitrogen is removed following distinguishing feature and the advantage compared in the present invention and the existing widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area:
(1) the present invention takes full advantage of the local landform in rural area, takes full advantage of the existing swag in rural area and carries out pollution of area source control.
(2) the present invention has united plant hedge, the grass planting ditch, and the multilayer diafiltration pool, the denitrification wall technology has been avoided the SS in the pollution of area source to the full extent, COD, nitrogen phosphorus is to the pollution of water body.
(3) the present invention's charcoal of having used innovatively incomplete carbonization carries out denitrification, so that same a kind of material can either adsorb ammonia nitrogen, can serve as again the slowly-releasing carbon source and carry out denitrification.The raw material of producing simultaneously charcoal is exactly the vegetation that grows in the grass planting ditch, has so both solved the raw material problem of charcoal, has also solved the processing problem of these vegetation.
(4) the present invention's waste water that widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area is produced is at different times; carry out different processing, can either so that water resources takes full advantage of, also the nutritive elements such as nitrogen phosphorus that run off because of rainfall runoff can be obtained recycle like this; economize on resources protection of the environment.
To sum up, the present invention passes through plant hedge, the grass planting ditch, the multilayer diafiltration pool, the denitrification wall technology is combined, simultaneously in actual application, same a kind of pollution of area source rainwash is carried out different processing at different times, because the nutritive substance such as this part Shuifu County's Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing recharges the upstream, hillside fields in dry season with this part water, very large in rainy season in, just the water with overflow carries out follow-up processing, can either alleviate like this load of processing, again can be with nutritive substance, the water resources recycle.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is system schematic of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is described in further details.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area Controlling System based on plant hedge 1 and the multilayer diafiltration pool 3 consists of plant hedge 1 in the slope along the terraced fields edge planting false indigo of offering, the plant hedge 1 at every one deck terraced fields edge is many rows, row's spacing is 1m, and line space is 30 ~ 70cm, has three layers; Excavate along the hillside fields lower edge grass planting ditch 2 is set, it is local vegetation that 2 kinds in grass planting ditch is planted, grass planting ditch 2 long 30 meters, high about 1 meter, wide about 1 meter; Between natural water zone 4 and grass planting ditch 2, with the grass planting ditch 2 multilayer diafiltration pool 3 that be arranged in parallel, the multilayer diafiltration pool 3 the first layer fillers are gac, floor height 50cm, and second layer filler is charcoal, floor height 50cm; In 4 peripheries, natural water zone, layer is wide 1 meter; Converge path at shallow layer surface water 5 denitrification wall 6 be set, the wide 50cm of wall, wall is high 1 meter, mainly formed by charcoal, charcoal be by stalk at 300 ℃, anoxycausis 3 hours preparation and getting.
Fall the rainwater of a 20mm, the SS that the present embodiment technique can be cut down more than 90% enters water body, cuts down 90% total phosphorus, cuts down 85% total nitrogen.
Embodiment 2:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area Controlling System based on plant hedge 1 and the multilayer diafiltration pool 3 consists of plant hedge 1 in the slope along the terraced fields edge planting five-leaved chaste tree of offering, the plant hedge 1 at every one deck terraced fields edge is many rows, row's spacing is 1m, and line space is 30 ~ 70cm, has three layers; Excavate along the hillside fields lower edge grass planting ditch 2 is set, it is local vegetation that 2 kinds in grass planting ditch is planted, grass planting ditch 2 long 30 meters, high about 1 meter, wide about 1 meter; Between natural water zone 4 and grass planting ditch 2, with the grass planting ditch 2 multilayer diafiltration pool 3 that be arranged in parallel, the multilayer diafiltration pool 3 the first layer fillers are kaolin, floor height 70cm, and second layer filler is charcoal, floor height 70cm; In 4 peripheries, natural water zone, layer is wide 1.2 meters, converge path at shallow layer surface water 5 denitrification wall 6 be set, the wide 60cm of wall, wall is high 1 meter, mainly formed by charcoal, charcoal be by stalk at 300 ℃, anoxycausis preparation in 3 hours and getting.
Fall the rainwater of a 20mm, the SS that the present embodiment technique is cut down more than 90% enters water body, cuts down 95% total phosphorus, cuts down 90% total nitrogen.
Embodiment 3:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area Controlling System based on plant hedge 1 and the multilayer diafiltration pool 3 consists of plant hedge 1 in the slope along the terraced fields edge planting alfalfa of offering, the plant hedge 1 at every one deck terraced fields edge is many rows, row's spacing is 1m, and line space is 30 ~ 70cm, has three layers; Excavate along the hillside fields lower edge grass planting ditch 2 is set, it is local vegetation that 2 kinds in grass planting ditch is planted, grass planting ditch 2 long 30 meters, high about 1 meter, wide about 1 meter; Between natural water zone 4 and grass planting ditch 2, with the grass planting ditch 2 multilayer diafiltration pool 3 that be arranged in parallel, the multilayer diafiltration pool 3 the first layer fillers are kaolin, floor height 50cm, and second layer filler is charcoal, floor height 50cm; In 4 peripheries, natural water zone, the wide 80cm of layer converges path at shallow layer surface water 5 denitrification wall 6 is set, the wide 50cm of wall, wall is high 1 meter, mainly formed by charcoal, charcoal be by stalk at 300 ℃, anoxycausis preparation in 3 hours and getting.
Fall the rainwater of a 20mm, the SS that the present embodiment technique is cut down more than 90% enters water body, cuts down 85% total phosphorus, cuts down 75% total nitrogen.
Embodiment 4:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area Controlling System based on plant hedge 1 and the multilayer diafiltration pool 3, consist of plant hedge 1 in the slope along the terraced fields edge mixed planting false indigo/five-leaved chaste tree of offering/alfalfa, the plant hedge 1 at every one deck terraced fields edge is many rows, row's spacing is 1m, line space is 30 ~ 70cm, has three layers; The effect that plant hedge 1 plays is to check winds and fix drifting sand, prevent erosion, because in widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area, in case formation rainfall runoff, will be mingled with a large amount of pollutents in the earth and be flushed to the river, so the first safeguard procedures of this technique are to utilize plant hedge 1 that most silts are blocked, prevent that silt from directly entering water body, simultaneously so that the pollutent that silt adheres to above be trapped.
Excavate along the hillside fields lower edge grass planting ditch 2 is set, it is local vegetation that 2 kinds in grass planting ditch is planted, grass planting ditch 2 long 30 meters, high about 1 meter, wide about 1 meter, wherein built-in water pump; The effect of grass planting ditch 2 is further to precipitate silt, filters simultaneously a part of COD, with some pollutent precipitations.When not raining, can the water of grass planting ditch 2 be extracted into plant hedge 1 and slope with pump, because the farm land is crossed in the rain drop erosion that stores in the grass planting ditch 2, so nutritive substances such as rich Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing, so this part water can recycle, for the plant of slope provides the nutritive elements such as nitrogen phosphorus, utilization of waste material.
Between natural water zone 4 and grass planting ditch 2, with the grass planting ditch 2 multilayer diafiltration pool 3 that be arranged in parallel, the multilayer diafiltration pool 3 the first layer fillers are diatomite, floor height 50cm, and second layer filler is gac, floor height 50cm; When rainfall was very large, grass planting ditch 2 can not hard to bearly be received all rainwashes, and the rainwater that overflows or sewage will flow into the multilayer diafiltration pool 3.What the first layer was inserted below swag is the material of Phosphate Sorption, and descending one deck is the material of adsorption of nitrogen again.This is because phosphate radical more easily is adsorbed than ammonia nitrogen or nitric nitrogen, so first Phosphate Sorption, again adsorption of nitrogen.
In 4 peripheries, natural water zone, converge path at shallow layer surface water 5 denitrification wall 6 be set, the wide 50cm of wall, wall is high 1 meter, mainly formed by charcoal, charcoal be by stalk at 300 ℃, anoxycausis preparation in 3 hours and getting.The benefit of preparation charcoal is like this, both contained inorganic substance in the charcoal, contained again organic substance, inorganic components can be efficiently Adsorption of Heavy Metals fast, organic pollutant, phosphate radical, ammonia nitrogen etc., organic substance is because through after the pre-treatment, the speed that discharges carbon is slower, can serve as the slowly-releasing carbon source, under the utilization of Soil Microorganism, be nitrogen with the nitric nitrogen denitrification in the shallow ground water.Denitrification wall 6 mainly is for being seeped into down gradually underground rainwater, when these rainwater are being mingled with pollutent and are entering shallow layer surface water 5, tend to river or the reservoir in downstream are caused certain harm, this also is the part of being ignored by the people in the widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area.
Fall the rainwater of a 200mm, the SS that the present embodiment technique is cut down more than 80% enters water body, cuts down 80% total phosphorus, cuts down 70% total nitrogen.
Claims (10)
1. the widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area Controlling System based on plant hedge and the multilayer diafiltration pool is characterized in that, comprising:
, be used for checking winds and fixing drifting sand along the plant hedge of the terraced fields edge planting of offering in the slope, prevent erosion;
Excavate the grass planting ditch that arranges along the hillside fields lower edge, 30 ± 5 meters of length, 1 meter of width, 1 meter of height is used for further precipitation silt and realizes that water is multiplexing;
Between natural water zone and grass planting ditch, the multilayer diafiltration pool with the grass planting ditch be arranged in parallel is used for phosphorus and nitrogen that absorption overflows the water of grass planting ditch;
Peripheral in the natural water zone, converge the denitrification wall that path arranges at shallow layer surface water, width is 50 ± 5cm, 1 meter of height, the nitric nitrogen denitrification that is used for shallow ground water is nitrogen.
2. described widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area Controlling System based on plant hedge and the multilayer diafiltration pool according to claim 1 is characterized in that, plant is false indigo and/or five-leaved chaste tree and/or alfalfa in the described plant hedge.
3. described widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area Controlling System based on plant hedge and the multilayer diafiltration pool according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, the plant hedge at every one deck terraced fields edge is many rows, and row's spacing is 1m, and line space is 30 ~ 70cm.
4. described widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area Controlling System based on plant hedge and the multilayer diafiltration pool according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is provided with water pump in the described grass planting ditch, is used in not rainfall water pumped into the hillside fields upper limb.
5. described widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area Controlling System based on plant hedge and the multilayer diafiltration pool according to claim 1 is characterized in that, bottom, the described multilayer diafiltration pool is covered with gac, charcoal, diatomite or kaolin.
6. described widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area Controlling System based on plant hedge and the multilayer diafiltration pool according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described multilayer diafiltration pool bottommost is laid the nitrogen sorbing material layer, lays phosphorus sorbing material layer, every layer height 40 ~ 60cm on the nitrogen sorbing material layer.
7. described widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area Controlling System based on plant hedge and the multilayer diafiltration pool according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described denitrification wall mainly is comprised of charcoal, described charcoal be by stalk at 300 ℃, anoxycausis preparation in 3 hours and getting.
8. the widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area control technique based on plant hedge and the multilayer diafiltration pool is characterized in that, comprising:
, be used for checking winds and fixing drifting sand along the terraced fields edge planting plant hedge of offering in the slope, prevent erosion;
Along the excavation of hillside fields lower edge the grass planting ditch is set, 30 ± 5 meters of length, 1 meter of width, 1 meter of height is used for further precipitating silt and realizing that water is multiplexing;
Between natural water zone and grass planting ditch, with the grass planting ditch multilayer diafiltration pool that be arranged in parallel, be divided into two-layerly, the upper strata is filled with the material of Phosphate Sorption, and lower floor is filled with the material of removing nitrogen, and every layer height 40 ~ 60cm is used for adsorbing phosphorus and the nitrogen of the water that overflows the grass planting ditch;
Peripheral in the natural water zone, converge path at shallow layer surface water the denitrification wall is set, width is 50 ± 5cm, 1 meter of height, the nitric nitrogen denitrification that is used for shallow ground water is nitrogen.
9. described widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area control technique based on plant hedge and the multilayer diafiltration pool according to claim 8 is characterized in that, plant is false indigo and/or five-leaved chaste tree and/or alfalfa in the described plant hedge.
10. described widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area control technique based on plant hedge and the multilayer diafiltration pool according to claim 8 is characterized in that, described denitrification wall mainly is comprised of charcoal, described charcoal be by stalk at 300 ℃, anoxycausis preparation in 3 hours and getting.
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| CN105684590A (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2016-06-22 | 湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所 | Slope farmland nitrogen phosphor loss control method |
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| CN107279010A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-10-24 | 钟春明 | A kind of plant of cray |
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Application publication date: 20130501 |