CN105670637A - New use of montmorillonite - Google Patents
New use of montmorillonite Download PDFInfo
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- CN105670637A CN105670637A CN201610011453.3A CN201610011453A CN105670637A CN 105670637 A CN105670637 A CN 105670637A CN 201610011453 A CN201610011453 A CN 201610011453A CN 105670637 A CN105670637 A CN 105670637A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
- C09K17/08—Aluminium compounds, e.g. aluminium hydroxide
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/06—Aluminium; Calcium; Magnesium; Compounds thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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Abstract
The invention provides a new use of montmorillonite in preparation of pesticides controlling successive cropping obstacle of plants. In terms of the use method, 0.1-5% of montmorillonite is added into successive cropping soil or 0.3-0.5kg of montmorillonite is applied to per square meter of soil. The pesticide can supplement soil nutrient deficiency and reduce plant secreted harmful substances in soil and soil borne diseases.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to pesticide, be specifically related to the new application of montmorillonite, particularly to montmorillonite at the new application preventing and treating crops continuous cropping obstacle, belong to agriculture field.
Technical background
Montmorillonite has the characteristic of ion exchange, have the title of " omnipotent " clay. Current the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches is used widely in fields such as metallurgy, machinery, drilling well, petrochemical industry, light industry, agricultural, buildings as binding agent, suspending agent, plasticising punishment, thickening agent, thixotropic agent, flocculant, stabilizer, purification and decoloration agent, filler, catalyst and carrier etc. Agriculturally: mainly as floatation agent, thickening agent, slow releasing agent, as the additive of fertilizer, the fertilization effect of fertilizer is improved; As the interpolation punishment of animal feed, improve the utilization rate of feedstuff, and as pen for animal pad soil, stink can be removed. In pesticide: mainly as floatation agent, thickening agent, slow releasing agent.
Same origin is planted continuously in same piece of land and is called continuous cropping. Continuous cropping is planted its yield and quality and is occurred that the phenomenon declined is called continuous cropping obstacle. Owing to cultivated area is limited, the existence with limiting factors such as cultivation conditions in production practices of ordering about of economic interests makes continuous cropping problem become a great problem that agricultural production in worldwide faces. There is large-area continuous cropping district in the crops such as Semen Tritici aestivi, corn and soybean, Citrullus vulgaris, Fructus Melo and Fructus Lycopersici esculenti and Protectorate cultivation plant, the fruit tree such as Fructus Mali pumilae, Fructus Fragariae Ananssae, Citrus, Lee, peach tree exists more serious continuous cropping phenomenon. The underproduction amplitude that tatoin continuous cropping causes may be up to 10% 40%, and the continuous cropping fruit tree underproduction is up to more than 50%. Therefore the pesticide of exploitation preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacle, with the loss alleviated and avoid continuous cropping to cause, develops current China or even Global Agriculture and has important society and economic implications.
The reason of continuous cropping obstacle is extremely complex, is the appearance of plant organism and soil inclusions variant factors exercising result. The reason of continuous cropping obstacle is likely to have: soil nutrient wanes; The harmful substance of plant secretion; Soil microorganism changes. The harmful substance of plant secretion is phenolic acids, it is the secondary metabolite that a class is important, and under environment-stress, the phenolic acid of root system release can pass through reduction reaction, complexation reaction and acidification reaction carry out the difficultly soluble nutrient in activating rhizosphere soil, thus promoting that the distribution of nutrient absorbs and utilizes. On the other hand, phenolic acid is also the allelochemical of plant interphase interaction. Have been reported that in secretions from plant roots to contain benzoic acid, to 11 kinds of phenol acid substances such as light yl benzoic acid, cinnamic acids, wherein 10 kinds have bio-toxicity, when crops are planted continuously, the phenol acid substance accumulation of root system secretion release reaches finite concentration, and the growth of lower stubble crops will be suppressed to cause the underproduction.
Summary of the invention
The invention aims to provide the new application of a kind of montmorillonite, with the pesticide of montmorillonite preparation preventing and treating plant continuous cropping obstacle, this pesticide can supplement soil nutrient and lack, and reduces harmful substance and the soil-borne disease of plant secretion in soil.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The new application of montmorillonite, it is characterised in that: with the pesticide of montmorillonite preparation preventing and treating plant continuous cropping obstacle.
The new application of montmorillonite of the present invention, it is characterised in that: with the pesticide of montmorillonite preparation preventing and treating plant continuous cropping obstacle, for reducing the concentration of narmful substance of plant secretion in soil.
The new application of montmorillonite of the present invention, it is characterised in that: the using method of the pesticide of preventing and treating plant continuous cropping obstacle prepared by montmorillonite is to add the montmorillonite of 0.1-5% in continuous cropping soil.
The new application of montmorillonite of the present invention, it is characterised in that: the using method of the pesticide of preventing and treating plant continuous cropping obstacle prepared by montmorillonite is that every square metre of soil applies the montmorillonite of 0.3-0.5kg.
The new application of montmorillonite of the present invention, it is characterised in that: the feature technology parameter index of montmorillonite is preferably:
X-ray diffraction: take montmorillonite, puts in the weighing botle of uncovered, places 12 hours, carry out X-ray diffraction by powder diffraction analysis method in the exsiccator of 25 DEG C of relative humiditys 75%; Condition determination: copper target voltage 30KV, electric current 30mA, the 1st characteristic spectral line of montmorillonite is at 1.5nm place, and the 2nd characteristic spectral line is at 0.45nm place;
Swelling degree: take montmorillonite 1.0g in the 100ml band plug graduated cylinder adding 40ml water, add water to 75m1 scale place. Fill in tight stopper, shake up 3 minutes, make sample fully scatter, add the 1mol hydrochloric acid solution of 25m1, jolting 5 minutes, stand 24 hours, read the scale value at precipitate interface, be swelling degree; Swelling degree should be more than 10 times;
Cation exchange capacity: weigh 2g montmorillonite powder, is placed in the acid filtrate bucket of 105mL, when evacuating, with the lmol/L neutrality NH that pH value is 74Ac drip washing, receives with the suction bottle of 500mL and drenches liquid, drip washing to calcon-carboxylic acid inspection without the reaction of calcium, then use 80% ethanol rinse, until without NH4 +Reaction till, all rush people's Kelvin bottle with water, making last volume in bottle is 50mL, add 100g/L magnesia magma l0mL, make mixture be alkalescence, then according to the operation measuring full nitrogen is distilled immediately, reserve NH in liquid3With the H of 60g/L3BO310-20mL absorbs, and absorbs liquid with 0.02mol/L HCI after distillation; Cation exchange capacity=C × V × l000/m; In formula: C is concentration of hydrochloric acid, V is HCI volume; Cation exchange capacity is between 80-150mmol/100g;
Montmorillonite is big nation's mineral of complex chemical composition, is divided into tens mineral species, and the montmorillonite of different structure has different technical parameters. In these big class mineral of clay, only these family's mineral of montmorillonite have water swellability, and the montmorillonite swelling degree parameter of different structure is different, so namely swelling degree is the diagnostic characteristics of montmorillonite, also it is the structural parameters of montmorillonite, is also the purity parameter of montmorillonite. Montmorillonite used by the present invention limits swelling degree as more than 10 times, and namely determining montmorillonite used is montmorillonite, also defines the mineral species of montmorillonite. Limiting cationic kind between montmorillonite layer used further with X-ray diffracting spectrum, characteristic spectral line, at 1.5nm place, namely limits interlayer cation as calcium ion; Limit the quantity of the interlayer cation of montmorillonite used with cation exchange capacity, namely limit the interlayer structure of montmorillonite.
So far completing the present invention, the present invention pesticide of montmorillonite preparation preventing and treating plant continuous cropping obstacle, this pesticide can supplement soil nutrient and lack, and reduces harmful substance and the soil-borne disease of plant secretion in soil.
The present invention is further illustrated below by test example. Different varieties of crops, continuous cropping obstacle performance difference, the mechanism of continuous cropping obstacle is identical. Therefore, test example purpose is to further illustrate the present invention, but not limitation of the present invention.
Test example one, montmorillonite reduce the concentration tests to phenolic acid
1, main material and method
Montmorillonite: feature technology parameter index is:
X-ray diffraction: take montmorillonite, puts in the weighing botle of uncovered, places 12 hours, carry out X-ray diffraction by powder diffraction analysis method in the exsiccator of 25 DEG C of relative humiditys 75%; Condition determination: copper target voltage 30KV, electric current 30mA, the 1st characteristic spectral line of montmorillonite is at 1.49nm place, and the 2nd characteristic spectral line is at 0.45nm place;
Swelling degree: take montmorillonite 1.0g in the 100ml band plug graduated cylinder adding 40ml water, add water to 75m1 scale place. Fill in tight stopper, shake up 3 minutes, make sample fully scatter, add the 1mol hydrochloric acid solution of 25m1, jolting 5 minutes, stand 24 hours, read the scale value at precipitate interface, be swelling degree; Swelling degree is 12 times;
Cation exchange capacity: weigh 2g montmorillonite powder, is placed in the acid filtrate bucket of 105mL, when evacuating, with the lmol/L neutrality NH that pH value is 74Ac drip washing, receives with the suction bottle of 500mL and drenches liquid, drip washing to calcon-carboxylic acid inspection without the reaction of calcium, then use 80% ethanol rinse, until without NH4 +Reaction till, all rush people's Kelvin bottle with water, making last volume in bottle is 50mL, add 100g/L magnesia magma l0mL, make mixture be alkalescence, then according to the operation measuring full nitrogen is distilled immediately, reserve NH in liquid3With the H of 60g/L3BO310-20mL absorbs, and absorbs liquid with 0.02mol/L HCI after distillation; Cation exchange capacity=C × V × l000/m; In formula: C is concentration of hydrochloric acid, V is HCI volume; Cation exchange capacity is 145mmol/100g;
Para Toluic Acid, to light yl benzoic acid, the equal available from Sigma of cinnamic acid, be chromatographically pure level reagent. Methanol purchases white α Cygni friend company, for chromatographically pure level reagent.
2, montmorillonite reduces the concentration tests to phenolic acid
Take montmorillonite 5g, put in beaker, add water to 100g, stir, be dispersed into the suspension that mean diameter is 10 μm of montmorillonite granule with ultrasonic washing unit. 10mL reaction bulb adds the made suspension of 1mL and 5mL phenolic acid mixed liquor (benzoic acid, to light yl benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, concentration is lO μ g mL respectively-1. ), shake up, place 24h, centrifugal, take after supernatant crosses 0.22 μm of microporous filter membrane and adopt HPLC to analyze phenolic acid content. Chromatograph is U.S.'s Waters2695 high performance liquid chromatograph, detached dowel adopts U.S. WatersSymmetry C18 post (250mm × 4.6mm, 5gm), detection wavelength 280nm, column temperature is set as 30 DEG C, and sample size is 10 μ L, and mobile phase composition is first alcohol and water, both volume ratios are 81 19, and flow velocity is 0.6mL min-1。
3, after the smectite turbid liquor of result 5% dilutes 5 times, to 3 kinds of phenolic acid depletion factor up to 77.4%, it was shown that montmorillonite has the reduction effect to Phenol in Soil acid.
Test example two, montmorillonite alleviate the test of potted plant Fructus Cucumidis sativi continuous cropping obstacle
1, material and method
Montmorillonite: feature technology parameter index is:
X-ray diffraction: take montmorillonite, puts in the weighing botle of uncovered, places 12 hours, carry out X-ray diffraction by powder diffraction analysis method in the exsiccator of 25 DEG C of relative humiditys 75%;Condition determination: copper target voltage 30KV, electric current 30mA, the 1st characteristic spectral line of montmorillonite is at 1.5nm place, and the 2nd characteristic spectral line is at 0.45nm place;
Swelling degree: take montmorillonite 1.0g in the 100ml band plug graduated cylinder adding 40ml water, add water to 75m1 scale place. Fill in tight stopper, shake up 3 minutes, make sample fully scatter, add the 1mol hydrochloric acid solution of 25m1, jolting 5 minutes, stand 24 hours, read the scale value at precipitate interface, be swelling degree; Swelling degree is 10 times;
Cation exchange capacity: weigh 2g montmorillonite powder, is placed in the acid filtrate bucket of 105mL, when evacuating, with the lmol/L neutrality NH that pH value is 74Ac drip washing, receives with the suction bottle of 500mL and drenches liquid, drip washing to calcon-carboxylic acid inspection without the reaction of calcium, then use 80% ethanol rinse, until without NH4 +Reaction till, all rush people's Kelvin bottle with water, making last volume in bottle is 50mL, add 100g/L magnesia magma l0mL, make mixture be alkalescence, then according to the operation measuring full nitrogen is distilled immediately, reserve NH in liquid3With the H of 60g/L3BO310-20mL absorbs, and absorbs liquid with 0.02mol/L HCI after distillation; Cation exchange capacity=C × V × l000/m; In formula: C is concentration of hydrochloric acid, V is HCI volume; Cation exchange capacity is 80mmol/100g.
Test continuous cropping is for examination soil sample: the soil after plantation Fructus Cucumidis sativi continuous cropping 2 years, picks up from Shouguang county of Shandong Province, and the degree of depth that fetches earth is 20-30cm.
Adopt the reduction on Phenol in Soil acid of the pot experiment montmorillonite and the impact on cucumber growth. 2 process of test point carry out, and matched group continuous cropping processes and adopts continuous cropping soil plantation Radix Rehmanniae; Test group montmorillonite reason is in continuous cropping soil and adds 3% montmorillonite. Test diameter 20cm, high 30cm pottery pot in carry out, every basin dress soil 10kg, conventionally cultivate. Each process sets 4 repetitions, each repetition 3 basin, 1, every basin. Each repetition randomly selects growing way consistent Fructus Cucumidis sativi 3 strain, lists, and 100d after planting measures phenolic content in rhizosphere soil respectively.
2, Phenol in Soil acid content is analyzed
The Fructus Cucumidis sativi pedotheque of different disposal, in ventilation natural air drying, crosses 40 mesh sieves after pulverizing. Weigh the soil sample 125g after pulverizing respectively, add distilled water 250mL, it is sufficiently stirred for, 1h is disperseed with ultrasonic washing unit, stand 24h, take its supernatant and be placed in Rotary Evaporators with 50 DEG C of rotary evaporations near dry, then add high purity water and be settled to 10mL, after crossing 0.22 μm of microporous filter membrane, adopt HPLC to analyze phenolic acid content. Chromatograph is U.S.'s Waters2695 high performance liquid chromatograph, detached dowel adopts U.S. WatersSymmetry C18 post (250mm × 4.6mm, 5gm), detection wavelength 280nm, column temperature is set as 30 DEG C, and sample size is 10 μ L, and mobile phase composition is first alcohol and water, both volume ratios are 81 19, and flow velocity is 0.6mL min-1.
As a result, montmorillonite makes in Fructus Cucumidis sativi rhizosphere soil the content of P-hydroxybenzoic acid from 0.3473mg kg-1It is reduced to 0.1925mg kg-1; Benzoic acid content is from 0.4350mg kg-1It is reduced to 0.0961mg kg-1; Cinnamic acid content is from 0.0827mg kg-1It is reduced to below detection limit, does not namely detect. Show that montmorillonite effectively degrades the phenol acid substance in soil.
3, montmorillonite alleviates the result of potted plant Fructus Cucumidis sativi continuous cropping obstacle
As a result, test group Plant Growth of Cucumber is good, and plant strain growth is healthy and strong, and blade is big, and leaf color is dark green, disease-free generation;Matched group plant strain growth melon vine is relatively thin, and blade is little, and leaf color is green, has downy mildew to occur; Test group plant height, single fruit weight, individual plant fruit number increases than matched group, and yield increased increases by 21.73%.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1:
The continuous cropping Folium Allii tuberosi of 2 years ground, the 3rd year plantation Folium Allii tuberosi, every square metre of soil applies montmorillonite 0.3kg, and result is compared with the plot not executing montmorillonite, and plant height on average increases 3.5cm, and yield increases by 13.6%, and does not find typical disease in Folium Allii tuberosi period of duration.
Embodiment 2:
The booth of the 2nd year plantation Fructus Fragariae Ananssae, every square metre of soil applies montmorillonite 0.5kg, and the yield of Fructus Fragariae Ananssae and the quality of fruit, compared with the plot not executing montmorillonite, are all had higher raising, yield amplification to be 6.36% by result; And significantly improve the sugar content of strawberry fruit, add 9.34%; Vitamin C content adds 19.96%. Improve fruit quality, too increase economic benefit.
Embodiment 3:
The continuous cropping milpa of 4 years, the 5th year maize planting, every square metre of soil applies montmorillonite 0.4kg, and result is compared with the plot not executing montmorillonite, and Semen Maydis grain number per spike, Ear weight, 100-grain weight, yield add 16.74,14.95g, 3.14g and 21.05% respectively.
Embodiment 4:
The continuous cropping Fructus Lycopersici esculenti of 2 years ground, 3rd year plantation Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, in continuous cropping soil, the montmorillonite of 0.1% is added during arable land, turn over to harrow after uniformly and plant Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, result is compared with the plot not executing montmorillonite, root rot sickness rate is 3.7%, and not executing the plot of montmorillonite is 20.6% low by 16.9% mutually, and prevention effect is 82%.
Embodiment 5:
Last year plants Fructus Capsici, the booth planting again Fructus Capsici on the 2nd year, adds the montmorillonite of 0.5% in continuous cropping soil, turn over to harrow after uniformly and plant Fructus Capsici, the yield of Fructus Capsici and the quality of fruit, compared with the plot not executing montmorillonite, are all had higher raising by result, and yield amplification is 13.23%; And Vitamin C content adds 6.82%.
Embodiment 6:
The continuous cropping melonry of 2 years, the 3rd year plantation Citrullus vulgaris, continuous cropping soil adds the montmorillonite of 0.3%, turns over to harrow after uniformly and plant Citrullus vulgaris, the yield and quality of Citrullus vulgaris, compared with the plot not executing montmorillonite, is all had higher raising, yield amplification to be 14.98% by result; And significantly improve the sugar content of Citrullus vulgaris, add 11.04%. Improve fruit quality, too increase economic benefit.
Claims (5)
1. the new application of montmorillonite, it is characterised in that: with the pesticide of montmorillonite preparation preventing and treating plant continuous cropping obstacle.
2. the new application of montmorillonite according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: for reducing the concentration of narmful substance of plant secretion in soil.
3. the new application of montmorillonite according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the using method of the pesticide of preventing and treating plant continuous cropping obstacle prepared by montmorillonite is to add the montmorillonite of 0.1-5% in continuous cropping soil.
4. the new application of montmorillonite according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the using method of the pesticide of preventing and treating plant continuous cropping obstacle prepared by montmorillonite is that every square metre of soil applies the montmorillonite of 0.3-0.5kg.
5. the new application according to claim 1 or claim 2 or the montmorillonite of claim 3 or claim 4, it is characterised in that: the feature technology parameter index of montmorillonite is preferably:
X-ray diffraction: take montmorillonite, puts in the weighing botle of uncovered, places 12 hours, carry out X-ray diffraction by powder diffraction analysis method in the exsiccator of 25 DEG C of relative humiditys 75%;Condition determination: copper target voltage 30KV, electric current 30mA, the 1st characteristic spectral line of montmorillonite is at 1.5nm place, and the 2nd characteristic spectral line is at 0.45nm place;
Swelling degree: take montmorillonite 1.0g in the 100ml band plug graduated cylinder adding 40ml water, adds water to 75m1 scale place; Fill in tight stopper, shake up 3 minutes, make sample fully scatter, add the 1mol hydrochloric acid solution of 25m1, jolting 5 minutes, stand 24 hours, read the scale value at precipitate interface, be swelling degree; Swelling degree should be more than 10 times;
Cation exchange capacity: weigh 2g montmorillonite powder, is placed in the acid filtrate bucket of 105mL, when evacuating, with the lmol/L neutrality NH that pH value is 74Ac drip washing, receives with the suction bottle of 500mL and drenches liquid, drip washing to calcon-carboxylic acid inspection without the reaction of calcium, then use 80% ethanol rinse, until without NH4 +Reaction till, all rush people's Kelvin bottle with water, making last volume in bottle is 50mL, add 100g/L magnesia magma l0mL, make mixture be alkalescence, then according to the operation measuring full nitrogen is distilled immediately, reserve NH in liquid3With the H of 60g/L3BO310-20mL absorbs, and absorbs liquid with 0.02mol/L HCI after distillation; Cation exchange capacity=C × V × l000/m; In formula: C is concentration of hydrochloric acid, V is HCI volume; Cation exchange capacity is between 80-150mmol/100g.
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| CN1640987A (en) * | 2004-01-09 | 2005-07-20 | 王培武 | Soil improver, and its preparing method and use method |
| CN104591871A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-05-06 | 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 | Ecological potassium fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN104926435A (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2015-09-23 | 安徽省日日春农业开发有限公司 | Environment-friendly coated fertilizer capable of improving stress resistance of blueberry and preparation method thereof |
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Address after: 250014 81 thousand Buddha Shandong Road, Lixia District, Ji'nan, Shandong Applicant after: Shandong Zhonghong Kang Pharmaceutical Technology Development Co Ltd Address before: 250014 81 thousand Buddha Shandong Road, Lixia District, Ji'nan, Shandong Applicant before: Jinan Kangzhong Medicin Science & Technology Co., Ltd. |
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| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20160615 |