CN105603639B - 微纳米纤维羽绒混纺棉及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明首先提供一种微纳米纤维羽绒混纺棉，由以下重量份的原料制成：羽绒15～20份，聚丙烯纳米纤维8～12份，聚氨酯微米纤维4～6份。本发明还提供一种上述微纳米纤维羽绒混纺棉的制备方法，包括羽绒的预处理及静电纺丝的步骤。本发明制备的混纺棉热传导率达到了0.029W/mK，且比重只有0.028，不仅轻盈、防潮、防水，而且能高效长期的阻止螨虫的寄生和繁殖，重复的机洗、水洗或被干洗都不会变形，也不会影响其保暖性能。总之本发明的混纺棉及耐低温、柔软性好、附着力强、强度高等优点与一体，可有效长期防止的霉变虫蛀，相应的产品也具有明显的抗菌、防臭作用，且无毒无害，生产成本较低，保暖性强，应用前景广阔。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及材料混纺技术领域，特别是一种微纳米纤维羽绒混纺棉。
背景技术
羽绒是长在鹅、鸭的腹部，成芦花朵状的绒毛，成片状的叫羽毛。由于羽绒是一种动物性蛋白质纤维，羽绒球状纤维上密布千万个三角形的细小气孔，能随气温变化而收缩膨胀，产生调温功能，可吸收人体散发流动的热气，隔绝外界冷空气的入侵。从蓬松度的检测上来分析，羽绒比蚕丝，棉花等保暖材料都要高一个等级，比如最低标准的450度蓬松的90鸭绒也要比蚕丝和棉花蓬松好，所以羽绒单纯作为一个保暖材料，它的经济价值远远高于其他保暖材料。由于羽绒具有这种独特的轻柔保暖和吸湿发散的良好性能，决定了羽绒良好的保健功能，羽绒被广泛应用于服装、被絮、纺织填料等领域。
羽绒原料的原料毛在经过粗分、除灰、精分、打包等程序之后，仍含有大量细菌病毒等微生物，还不能直接作为填料使用，还要再经过清洗烘干等程序加以消毒处理。羽绒毛料经过清洗，除去表面的脂质，消除臭味，使羽毛恢复柔软度、变得富有弹性，再进行消毒处理，烘干后打包作为填充料。消毒的过程中，还要对羽绒进行除螨防螨处理，以在杀死羽绒上附着的螨虫的同时，还使成品羽绒在使用的过程中不易再滋生螨虫。现有的防螨处理方式之一是在羽绒清洗的过程中加入防螨虫剂，以使防螨虫剂附着在羽绒上，实现防螨效果。但是羽绒不同于羊绒，表面缺少鳞片状结构，羽绒的表面相对光滑，防螨虫剂的附着效果并不好。另外，羽绒也不同于纤维纺织物，纤维纺织物可以使防螨虫剂浸渍到纤维中，再将浸渍的纤维编织到织物中实现长期的防螨虫效果，但是羽绒制品没有纺织过程，防螨虫剂不能深入羽绒制品内部，难以实现长期防螨虫效果。现有技术中，羽绒处理用浸泡剂也含有多种无机及有机化学成分，处理液配制方法复杂，且存在一定的环境污染问题。
除以上缺陷外，现有技术中所使用羽绒还存在如下缺陷：一、为了确保保暖效果，羽绒产品中羽绒含量较高，从而使得羽绒的使用成本过高；二、强度较差，洗涤过多会使羽绒粉碎、结团，降低保暖性，影响美观；三、现有的羽绒防水性较差，故而开发一种既环保，保暖性又强的高强度防水羽绒复合纤维成为本领域技术人员亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种微纳米纤维羽绒混纺棉及其制备方法，解决了现有的羽绒产品成本较高、防螨性差等问题。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
本发明首先提供一种微纳米纤维羽绒混纺棉，由以下重量份的原料制成：羽绒15～20份，聚丙烯纳米纤维8～12份，聚氨酯微米纤维4～6份。
优选的，所述聚丙烯纳米纤维的纤维直径为200～600nm，所述聚氨酯微米纤维的纤维直径为0.8～1.2μm。
优选的，所述聚丙烯纳米纤维包含如下重量份的原料：聚丙烯30～40份，环氧树脂3～5份，丙烯酸1～1.5份，甲基丙烯酸甲酯3～5份；所述聚氨酯微米纤维包含如下重量份的原料：非异氰酸酯聚氨酯10～20份，环氧丙烯酸酯3～5份，纳米二氧化钛颗粒1～1.5份。
优选的，所述聚丙烯纳米纤维还含有硬脂酸镁0.1～0.3份。
本发明还提供一种上述微纳米纤维羽绒混纺棉的制备方法，包括按顺序进行的如下步骤：
步骤[1]取适量黄芪、甘草加水煎煮1～2小时，过滤，得滤液A和滤渣A，将滤渣A烘干后通过超细粉碎方法粉碎至纳米级，得纳米滤渣粉末；将适量的艾草、山茶花及白果捣碎并在40～50℃下的水中浸泡10～12小时，过滤得滤液B，最后合并滤液A、滤液B及纳米滤渣粉末，搅拌均匀后得预处理液；
步骤[2]将羽绒投入上述预处理液中，在搅拌状态下浸泡10～12小时，捞出烘干、超细粉碎后得羽绒粉末；
步骤[3]向相应重量份的熔融状态下的聚丙烯中加入环氧树脂及丙烯酸，搅拌15～20min，然后加入甲基丙烯酸甲酯，继续搅拌10～15分钟后加入一定量的羽绒粉末，搅拌30～40分钟，最后得熔化物A；
步骤[4]将非异氰酸酯聚氨酯与环氧丙烯酸酯熔融混合，同时将一定量的羽绒粉末与纳米二氧化钛粉末混合均匀，将得到的混合物加入到熔融液中搅拌混合均匀，得熔化物B；
步骤[5]采用并列设置的熔化物喷头分别对熔化后的熔化物A和熔化物B同时进行喷吐；
所述熔化物喷头前面设有静电发生器，以使得熔化物喷吐后带上静电；
步骤[6]通过相应的高温高压空气喷头分别将喷吐出来的熔化物A和熔化物B迅速拉伸，通过接收装置接收得到包含羽绒的聚丙烯纳米纤维、聚氨酯微米纤维混合物，即得到所述微纳米纤维羽绒混纺棉。
优选的，所述黄芪、甘草、艾草、山茶花及白果之间的重量比为1∶2.5-3.5：3-6：2-4:1-3；
优选的，所述步骤3中在加入甲基丙烯酸甲酯的同时，加入相应重量份的硬脂酸镁。
优选的，拉伸熔化物A时的高温为180～250℃，高压为0.3MPa～0.4MPa；拉伸熔化物B时的高温为150～180℃，高压为0.15MPa～0.2Mpa。
本发明的积极效果：本发明通过独特的熔融静电纺丝技术获得了高质量的微纳米纤维羽绒混纺棉，由于所述纳米纤维的表面光滑的流体力学效应及特有的比表面积可以使得与纳米纤维接触的空气压力损失较小达到透气效果，而微米纤维的存在保证了混纺棉的整体强度，本发明制备的混纺棉热传导率达到了0.029W/mK，且比重只有0.028，不仅轻盈、防潮、防水，而且能高效长期的阻止螨虫的寄生和繁殖，重复的机洗、水洗或被干洗都不会变形，也不会影响其保暖性能。总之本发明的混纺棉及耐低温、柔软性好、附着力强、强度高等优点与一体，可有效长期防止的霉变虫蛀，相应的产品也具有明显的抗菌、防臭作用，且无毒无害，生产成本较低，保暖性强，应用前景广阔。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的优选实施例进行详细说明。
本发明优选实施例提供一种微纳米纤维羽绒混纺棉，由以下重量份的原料制成：羽绒18份，聚丙烯纳米纤维10份，聚氨酯微米纤维5份。
所述聚丙烯纳米纤维的纤维直径为400～500nm，所述聚氨酯微米纤维的纤维直径为0.8～1μm。
所述聚丙烯纳米纤维包含如下重量份的原料：聚丙烯35份，环氧树脂4份，丙烯酸1份，甲基丙烯酸甲酯4份；所述聚氨酯微米纤维包含如下重量份的原料：非异氰酸酯聚氨酯16份，环氧丙烯酸酯4份，纳米二氧化钛颗粒1.5份。
所述聚丙烯纳米纤维还含有硬脂酸镁0.25份。
上述微纳米纤维羽绒混纺棉的制备方法，包括按顺序进行的如下步骤：
步骤[1]取适量黄芪、甘草加水煎煮1～2小时，过滤，得滤液A和滤渣A，将滤渣A烘干后通过超细粉碎方法粉碎至纳米级，得纳米滤渣粉末；将适量的艾草、山茶花及白果捣碎并在40～50℃下的水中浸泡10～12小时，过滤得滤液B，最后合并滤液A、滤液B及纳米滤渣粉末，搅拌均匀后得预处理液；
步骤[2]将羽绒投入上述预处理液中，在搅拌状态下浸泡10～12小时，捞出烘干、超细粉碎后得羽绒粉末；
步骤[3]向35重量份的熔融状态下的聚丙烯中加入4重量份的环氧树脂及1重量份的丙烯酸，搅拌15～20min，然后加入4重量份的甲基丙烯酸甲酯，继续搅拌10～15分钟后取10重量份的聚丙烯混合物并向其中加入12重量份的羽绒粉末，搅拌30～40分钟，最后得熔化物A；
步骤[4]将16重量份的非异氰酸酯聚氨酯与4重量份的环氧丙烯酸酯熔融混合，同时将6重量份的羽绒粉末与1.5份的纳米二氧化钛粉末混合均匀，将得到的混合物加入到5重量份的熔融液中搅拌混合均匀，得熔化物B；
步骤[5]采用并列设置的熔化物喷头分别对熔化后的熔化物A和熔化物B同时进行喷吐；
所述熔化物喷头前面设有静电发生器，以使得熔化物喷吐后带上静电；
步骤[6]通过相应的高温高压空气喷头分别将喷吐出来的熔化物A和熔化物B迅速拉伸，通过接收装置接收得到包含羽绒的聚丙烯纳米纤维、聚氨酯微米纤维混合物，即得到所述微纳米纤维羽绒混纺棉。
所述黄芪、甘草、艾草、山茶花及白果之间的重量比为1∶2.5-3.5：3-6：2-4:1-3；
所述步骤3中在加入甲基丙烯酸甲酯的同时，加入0.25重量份的硬脂酸镁。
拉伸熔化物A时的高温为220℃，高压为0.4MPa；拉伸熔化物B时的高温为160℃，高压为0.18Mpa。
以上所述的仅为本发明的优选实施例，所应理解的是，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想，并不用于限定本发明的保护范围，凡在本发明的思想和原则之内所做的任何修改、等同替换等等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种微纳米纤维羽绒混纺棉的制备方法，其特征在于，
所述微纳米纤维羽绒混纺棉由以下重量份的原料制成：羽绒15～20份，聚丙烯纳米纤维8～12份，聚氨酯微米纤维4～6份；
所述聚丙烯纳米纤维的纤维直径为200～600nm，所述聚氨酯微米纤维的纤维直径为0.8～1.2μm；
所述聚丙烯纳米纤维包含如下重量份的原料：聚丙烯30～40份，环氧树脂3～5份，丙烯酸1～1.5份，甲基丙烯酸甲酯3～5份；所述聚氨酯微米纤维包含如下重量份的原料：非异氰酸酯聚氨酯10～20份，环氧丙烯酸酯3～5份，纳米二氧化钛颗粒1～1.5份；
所述制备方法包括按顺序进行的如下步骤：
步骤[1]取适量黄芪、甘草加水煎煮1～2小时，过滤，得滤液A和滤渣A，将滤渣A烘干后通过超细粉碎方法粉碎至纳米级，得纳米滤渣粉末；将适量的艾草、山茶花及白果捣碎并在40～50℃下的水中浸泡10～12小时，过滤得滤液B，最后合并滤液A、滤液B及纳米滤渣粉末，搅拌均匀后得预处理液；
步骤[2]将羽绒投入上述预处理液中，在搅拌状态下浸泡10～12小时，捞出烘干、超细粉碎后得羽绒粉末；
步骤[3]向相应重量份的熔融状态下的聚丙烯中加入环氧树脂及丙烯酸，搅拌15～20min，然后加入甲基丙烯酸甲酯，继续搅拌10～15分钟后加入一定量的羽绒粉末，搅拌30～40分钟，最后得熔化物A；
步骤[4]将非异氰酸酯聚氨酯与环氧丙烯酸酯熔融混合，同时将一定量的羽绒粉末与纳米二氧化钛粉末混合均匀，将得到的混合物加入到熔融液中搅拌混合均匀，得熔化物B；
步骤[5]采用并列设置的熔化物喷头分别对熔化后的熔化物A和熔化物B同时进行喷吐；
所述熔化物喷头前面设有静电发生器，以使得熔化物喷吐后带上静电；
步骤[6]通过相应的高温高压空气喷头分别将喷吐出来的熔化物A和熔化物B迅速拉伸，通过接收装置接收得到包含羽绒的聚丙烯纳米纤维、聚氨酯微米纤维混合物，即得到所述微纳米纤维羽绒混纺棉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种微纳米纤维羽绒混纺棉的制备方法，其特征在于：所述黄芪、甘草、艾草、山茶花及白果之间的重量比为1:2.5-3.5:3-6:2-4:1-3。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种微纳米纤维羽绒混纺棉的制备方法，其特征在于：所述聚丙烯纳米纤维原料中还含有硬脂酸镁0.1～0.3份，所述步骤[3]中在加入甲基丙烯酸甲酯的同时，加入相应重量份的硬脂酸镁。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种微纳米纤维羽绒混纺棉的制备方法，其特征在于：拉伸熔化物A时的高温为180～250℃，高压为0.3MPa～0.4MPa；拉伸熔化物B时的高温为150～180℃，高压为0.15MPa～0.2Mpa。
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