CN105453751B - A kind of processing method of horse hair pine-cones - Google Patents
A kind of processing method of horse hair pine-cones Download PDFInfo
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- CN105453751B CN105453751B CN201410397336.6A CN201410397336A CN105453751B CN 105453751 B CN105453751 B CN 105453751B CN 201410397336 A CN201410397336 A CN 201410397336A CN 105453751 B CN105453751 B CN 105453751B
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of processing method of horse hair pine-cones, including：(1) temperature leaching：Fresh horse hair pine-cones are impregnated with warm water；(2) degreasing：The cone of step (1) is piled up on straw, pure water is taken to add in quick lime, limewash is made, and pours leaching cone to complete wetting, the mulching straw on cone；It was stirred once every 23 days, keeps the moistening of cone；Stack retting to cone becomes dark brown, part scale emerges fine fisssure；(3) dry：Cone after stack retting in step (2) is spread out on threshing ground and is dried, after cone cracking, collects the seed of abjection in time.The present invention using warm water leaching fruit, limewash stack retting, drying and etc. processing horse hair pine-cones, cone cracking is fast and neat, and seed-producing rate is high, significantly improves the treatment effeciency of horse hair pine-cones.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of processing methods of horse hair pine-cones, belong to forest fruit processing technology field.
Background technology
Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) is Pinaceae pine genus plant, is the distinctive township in Subtropic of China area
Native seeds and southern afforestation vanguard tree seed, are distributed widely in southern 15 provinces (area).Masson pine whole body is precious, and forest is in itself
It is important afforestation seeds and landscape seeds；Trunk can extract rosin, for medicine, industrial chemicals；Timber corrosion resistant, for building
Build, Underwater Engineering, furniture, the use such as papermaking；Trunk and root can be used for the fungies such as culture Poria cocos, pine mushroom；Pollen can be used as medicine, for baby
Youngster in one's infancy use by anti-eczema protection skin；Bark can extract tannin extract.In addition, Pinus massoniana has fabulous medical value, according to《This
Careless detailed outline》It records：Pine needle is long-term use of, controls all kinds of diseases and ailments, five viscera settling, piliation, resistance to cold and heat, and QI invigorating of making light of one's life by commiting suicide wards off paddy macrobiosis in keeping,
Presently commercially available " SONGLING XUEMAIKANG JIAONANG " is developed using fresh pine needle as primary raw material, available for hypertension, cerebral apoplexy etc.
Disease.Masson pine has become that the important woods in China is used and Medicinal species, economic status are continuously improved, timber in China,
The industries such as papermaking, chemistry of forest product, medicine occupy highly important status.With the extensive application of Masson pine timber and pine needle, city
Field will be increasing to the demand of masson pine breeding, and improving horse hair pine-cones seed-producing rate becomes a urgent problem.
However, since horse hair pine-cones pick difficulty, there is one layer of thicker rosin to be wrapped in scale outside the pinecone, seriously affect
The opening of fruit squama, seed are not easy.It is that cone is first subjected to stack retting degreasing during general horse hair pine-cones processing, then drying makes
Cone cracking treats that abjection collects seed automatically, and wherein cone degreasing is to influence horse hair pine-cones seed-producing rate and go out the seed time
Key.There is document (method for brief talking raising masson pine seed quality, Hunan Forestry is scientific and technological, 1992) to disclose and use 1.5-
2.0% industrial buck or 0.8-1% lime waters carry out degreasing, but only stack retting step just needs 10-15 days, causes out the seed time
It is longer.CN102124836A discloses a kind of processing method of horse hair pine-cones, and this method need to be sudden and violent by fresh horse hair pine-cones
It shines 3-5 days, until cone pericarp becomes brown green or brown by green, then cone is concentrated in heaps, cone is fully irrigated with water, then by ball
Fruit is sealed with film, makes cone cracking to collect seed, this method processing time is relatively short through drying again after stack retting degreasing.
But since horse hair pine-cones mostly harvest in winter, and southern region of China winter is mostly the weather of low temperature overcast and rainy day, fresh harvesting
Cone be generally difficult to meet the requirement of water-removing of being exposed to the sun so that the application of this method is limited be subject to factors such as weather geographical conditions
System, it is difficult to a wide range of to promote.
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention develops a kind of processing method of new horse hair pine-cones.
The content of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of processing method of horse hair pine-cones, this method need not be exposed to the sun water-removing, can be notable
The seed-producing rate of cone is improved, shortens and the seed time.
The present invention uses following technical scheme：
A kind of processing method of horse hair pine-cones, comprises the following steps：
(1) temperature leaching：Fresh horse hair pine-cones are impregnated with warm water；
(2) degreasing：The cone of step (1) is piled up on straw, water intaking adds in quick lime and limewash is made, and pours leaching cone
To complete wetting, the mulching straw on cone；It was stirred every 2-3 days once, keeps the moistening of cone；Stack retting to cone becomes black
Brown, part scale emerge fine fisssure；
(3) dry：Cone after stack retting in step (2) is spread out on threshing ground and is dried, after cone cracking, is collected in time
The seed of abjection.
Above-mentioned steps (1) medium temperature leaching time is more than 1h, is increased in 1-2h with the temperature leaching time, and cone goes out the contracting of seed time
It is short, and seed-producing rate improves, when the temperature leaching time being more than 2h, cone goes out the seed time and seed-producing rate maintains essentially in a stable water
It is flat, it is therefore preferable that the temperature leaching time is more than 2h, for time-saving purpose, further preferably 2h；Step (1) medium temperature is soaked
Temperature is 30-50 DEG C, is preferably 35 DEG C；
The mass ratio of quick lime and water is 2-5 in above-mentioned steps (2):100, it is preferably 5:100.
The present invention provides a kind of processing method of horse hair pine-cones, comprises the following steps：
(1) temperature leaching：Fresh horse hair pine-cones are impregnated into 2h with 35 DEG C of warm water；
(2) degreasing：The cone of step (1) is piled up on straw, it is 5 to take mass ratio:Lime is made in 100 quick lime and water
Water, and leaching cone is poured to complete wetting, the mulching straw on cone；It was stirred every 2-3 days once, keeps the moistening of cone；Heap
It macerates to cone becomes dark brown, part scale emerges fine fisssure；
(3) dry：Cone after stack retting in step (2) is spread out on threshing ground and is dried, after cone cracking, is collected in time
The seed of abjection.
The present invention impregnates cone using warm water, and with limewash degreasing, after drying, cone cracking is fast and neat, goes out seed
Time greatly shortens, and seed-producing rate greatly improves, have many advantages, such as easily and fast, it is efficient, can meet in the market to masson pine
The wilderness demand of breeding.Meanwhile horse hair pine-cones treatment technology of the invention need not be exposed to the sun water-removing, climate geographical conditions do not limit
System, suitable for handling horse hair pine-cones under the conditions of southern winter low temperature or rainy weather.
Specific embodiment
Horse hair pine-cones source：Horse hair pine-cones are gathered in the 11-12 months, and collecting location is in state-owned rich and smooth forest farm country weight
Point masson pine Seed multiplication base masson pine 1.5 generation clonal seed orchard, selects that cone individual is full, person uniform in size after acquisition, put
It is stacked at aeration-drying spare.
The influence that 1 temperature leaching temperature of embodiment handles cone
Fresh horse hair pine-cones is taken to be randomly divided into 7 groups, every group 50 kilograms, each group is impregnated respectively with the warm water of different temperatures
2h, it is 5 then to take mass ratio:Limewash is made in 100 quick lime and water, pours leaching cone to complete moistening, mulching straw, stack retting
To cone becomes dark brown, part scale emerges fine fisssure；It spreads drying out, after cone cracking, collects the seed of abjection in time.
The leaching of different temperatures temperature is shown in Table 1 to the handling result of horse hair pine-cones：
The influence that 1 temperature leaching temperature of table handles cone
Note：Drying out the seed time represents to start during drying seed to the time for going out seed and terminating；Total time is handled from beginning
It is calculated when managing cone；Seed-producing rate is the mass percent that the grain weight accounts for fresh cone；Germination percentage accounts for whole kinds for chitting piece
The mass percent of son.
According to 1 result of table, temperature leaching temperature is affected to horse hair pine-cones processing time and seed-producing rate, less than 30
Under the conditions of DEG C, horse hair pine-cones stack retting and to dry out the seed time longer, processing total time is 14-17 days；With temperature leaching temperature
Rise, cone processing time is obviously shortened, and seed-producing rate significantly improves, under the conditions of 35 DEG C, it is only necessary to processing can be completed within 9 days,
And seed-producing rate is up to 2.64%, seed appearance characteristics are good, germination percentage 96.5%；Continue to improve temperature leaching temperature, the horse hair pinecone
It the fruit stack retting time and dries out the seed time and increased, seed-producing rate slightly reduces, and seed appearance characteristics are good；When temperature soaks temperature
During higher than 50 DEG C, cone processing total time and seed-producing rate variation unobvious, but exposed the surface of the seed of cracking itself goes out in cone
Now the phenomenon that corrugation scald, percentage of seedgermination is caused to be substantially reduced.Therefore, selection temperature leaching temperature is advisable at 30-50 DEG C, preferably
35℃.The influence that the 2 temperature leaching time of embodiment handles cone
Fresh horse hair pine-cones is taken to be randomly divided into 7 groups, every group 50 kilograms, each group impregnates 0 respectively with 35 DEG C of warm water, 0.5,1,
1.5th, 2,2.5,3h, it is 5 then to take mass ratio:Limewash is made in 100 quick lime and water, pours leaching cone to complete moistening, covers
Lid straw, stack retting to cone becomes dark brown, part scale emerges fine fisssure；It spreads drying out, after cone cracking, collects in time
The seed of abjection.The temperature leaching time is shown in Table 2 to the handling result of horse hair pine-cones：
The influence that the 2 temperature leaching time of table handles cone
| The temperature leaching time | The stack retting time/ | Dry out the seed time/ | Processing total time/ | Seed-producing rate/% | Germination percentage/% | Seed appearance |
| /h | My god | My god | My god | |||
| 0 | 10 | 4-7 | 17 | 1.81% | 93.4% | Seed well-tended appearance |
| 0.5 | 10 | 3-7 | 17 | 1.90% | 94.3% | Seed well-tended appearance |
| 1 | 8 | 3-4 | 12 | 2.52% | 95.3% | Seed well-tended appearance |
| 1.5 | 7 | 3-4 | 11 | 2.54% | 95.5% | Seed well-tended appearance |
| 2 | 6 | 2-3 | 9 | 2.63% | 96.4% | Seed well-tended appearance |
| 2.5 | 6 | 2-3 | 9 | 2.58% | 96.3% | Seed well-tended appearance |
| 3 | 6 | 2-3 | 9 | 2.57% | 96.3% | Seed well-tended appearance |
Note：Drying out the seed time represents to start during drying seed to the time for going out seed and terminating；Total time is handled from beginning
It is calculated when managing cone；Seed-producing rate is the mass percent that the grain weight accounts for fresh cone；Germination percentage accounts for whole kinds for chitting piece
The mass percent of son.
According to 2 result of table, temperature leaching time change has a significant effect to the processing time of horse hair pine-cones and seed-producing rate,
When the temperature leaching time is less than 1h, the processing of horse hair pine-cones is at least total time 17 days, and seed-producing rate 1.81%-1.90%, seed goes out
Seed rate is 93.4%-94.3%；Increase in 1-2h with the temperature leaching time, cone goes out the seed time and greatly shortens, and seed-producing rate is
2.52%-2.63%, percentage of seedgermination 95.3%-96.4%, hence it is evident that seed-producing rate and germination during higher than compared with low temperature leaching temperature
Rate；When the temperature leaching time being more than 2h, cone goes out the seed time and seed-producing rate maintains essentially in a maintenance level.Therefore, during temperature leaching
Between for more than 1h can realize the present invention well, temperature leaching time effect in more than 2h is more preferable, merely for saving time cost
Purpose, preferably temperature leaching the time be 2h.
The influence that 3 lime water concentration of embodiment handles cone
Fresh horse hair pine-cones is taken to be grouped at random, every group 50 kilograms, each group impregnates 2h with 35 DEG C of warm water respectively, then distinguishes
Leaching cone, mulching straw are poured with various concentration limewash, stack retting to cone becomes dark brown, part scale emerges fine fisssure；It spreads out
Drying after cone cracking, collects the seed of abjection in time.The temperature leaching time is shown in Table 3 to the handling result of horse hair pine-cones：
The influence that 3 lime water concentration of table handles cone
Note：Drying out the seed time represents to start during drying seed to the time for going out seed and terminating；Total time is handled from beginning
It is calculated when managing cone；Seed-producing rate is the mass percent that the grain weight accounts for fresh cone；Germination percentage accounts for whole kinds for chitting piece
The mass percent of son.
According to 3 result of table, the mass ratio of quick lime and water is 1:When 100, since lime water concentration is relatively low, horse hair
The pine-cones stack retting time is longer, and about 11 days, processing total time was 16 days, and relatively low seed-producing rate is 2.34%；Quick lime with
The mass ratio of water is 2-5:When 100, the cone stack retting time reduces significantly, and seed-producing rate significantly improves；Continue increase quick lime with
The mass ratio of water handles total time to cone and seed-producing rate has no significant effect, but percentage of seedgermination is decreased obviously, especially highly concentrated
Lime water (the quick lime of degree:Water=7:100) after handling, there is shrinkage phenomenon in Some seeds crust, and germination percentage substantially reduces.
Therefore, the mass ratio of quick lime and water is in 2-5:It is advisable between 100, is preferably 5:100.
The processing of 4 horse hair pine-cones of embodiment
(1) temperature leaching：100 kilograms of fresh horse hair pine-cones, 35 DEG C of warm water are impregnated into 2h；
(2) degreasing：The cone of step (1) is piled up on straw, it is 5 to take mass ratio:Stone is made in 100 quick lime and water
Buck pours leaching cone to complete wetting, the mulching straw on cone；It was stirred every 2-3 days once, keeps the moistening of cone；Heap
It macerates to cone becomes dark brown, part scale emerges fine fisssure；
(3) dry：Cone after stack retting in step (2) is spread out on threshing ground and is dried, after cone cracking, is collected in time
The seed of abjection.
As a result：Cone stack retting becomes dark brown after 6 days, part scale emerges fine fisssure, and drying starts seed for 2 days, goes out seed within 3 days
Terminate, processing total time is 9 days, and seed-producing rate 2.64%, seed appearance is good, germination percentage 96.5%.
The processing of 5 horse hair pine-cones of embodiment
(1) temperature leaching：100 kilograms of fresh horse hair pine-cones, 40 DEG C of warm water are soaked into 2h；
(2) degreasing：The cone of step (1) is piled up on straw, it is 2 to take mass ratio:Stone is made in 100 quick lime and water
Buck pours leaching cone to complete wetting, the mulching straw on cone；It was stirred every 2-3 days once, keeps the moistening of cone；Heap
It macerates to cone becomes dark brown, part scale emerges fine fisssure；
(3) dry：Cone after stack retting in step (2) is spread out on threshing ground and is dried, after cone cracking, is collected in time
The seed of abjection.
As a result：Stack retting 7 days, cone becomes dark brown, part scale emerges fine fisssure；Drying starts seed for 2 days, goes out seed within 4 days
Terminate, processing total time is 11 days, and seed-producing rate 2.56%, seed appearance is good, germination percentage 95.6%.
The processing of 6 horse hair pine-cones of embodiment
(1) temperature leaching：100 kilograms of fresh horse hair pine-cones, 50 DEG C of warm water are soaked into 1h；
(2) degreasing：The cone of step (1) is piled up on straw, it is 3 to take mass ratio:Stone is made in 100 quick lime and water
Buck pours leaching cone to complete wetting, the mulching straw on cone；It was stirred every 2-3 days once, keeps the moistening of cone；Heap
It macerates to cone becomes dark brown, part scale emerges fine fisssure；
(3) dry：Cone after stack retting in step (2) is spread out on threshing ground and is dried, after cone cracking, is collected in time
The seed of abjection.
As a result：Stack retting 7 days, cone becomes dark brown, part scale emerges fine fisssure；Drying starts seed for 3 days, goes out seed within 4 days
Terminate, processing total time is 11 days, and seed-producing rate 2.54%, seed appearance is good, germination percentage 95.5%.
Reference examples
(1) finish：100 kilograms of fresh horse hair pine-cones are spread out water-removing of being exposed to the sun under burning sun, until cone pericarp becomes palm fibre
Until green or brown；
(2) degreasing：The cone concentration that step (1) is finished is in heaps, fully irrigates cone with tap water, then cone is used
Film is sealed, and yellow-white mustiness object occurs in stack retting to the cone pericarp that fully absorbs water；
(3) dry：Selection fine day, which spreads the cone after step (2) stack retting out, to be tedded, and is stirred daily 1 time, is treated cone cracking,
Seed is withdrawn in time depending on cone cracking and weather condition.
As a result：Cone was exposed to the sun after 4 days becomes brown-green from green, and it is mould yellow-white occur with pericarp after tap water stack retting 7 days
Shape object, drying start seed, go out seed and terminate within the 7th day after 5 days, and processing total time is 18 days, seed-producing rate 2.24%, and germination percentage is
93.2%.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of processing method of horse hair pine-cones, comprises the following steps：(1) temperature leaching：Fresh horse hair pine-cones are soaked with warm water
Bubble；(2) degreasing：The cone of step (1) is piled up on straw, pure water is taken to add in quick lime, limewash is made, and pour leaching cone extremely
Complete wetting, the mulching straw on cone；It was stirred once every 2~3 days, keeps the moistening of cone；Stack retting to cone becomes black
Brown, part scale emerge fine fisssure；(3) dry：Cone after stack retting in step (2) is spread out on threshing ground and is dried, treats that cone is opened
After splitting, the seed of abjection is collected in time；Wherein, step (1) medium temperature soaks the time for more than 1h, step (1) medium temperature
It is 30-50 DEG C to soak temperature, and the mass ratio of quick lime and water is 2-5 in the step (2):100.
2. the processing method of horse hair pine-cones according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The temperature leaching time for 2h with
On.
3. the processing method of horse hair pine-cones according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The temperature leaching time is 2h.
4. the processing method of horse hair pine-cones according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The temperature leaching temperature is 35 DEG C.
5. the processing method of horse hair pine-cones according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The quality of the quick lime and water
Than for 5:100.
6. according to the processing method of the horse hair pine-cones described in any one of claim 1-5, it is characterised in that including following
Step：(1) temperature leaching：Fresh horse hair pine-cones are impregnated into 2h with 35 DEG C of warm water；(2) degreasing：The cone of step (1) is piled up into rice
On grass, it is 5 to take mass ratio:Limewash is made in 100 quick lime and water, and pours leaching cone to complete wetting, is covered on cone
Straw；It was stirred once every 2~3 days, keeps the moistening of cone；Stack retting to cone becomes dark brown, part scale emerges fine fisssure；
(3) dry：Cone after stack retting in step (2) is spread out on threshing ground and is dried, after cone cracking, collects the kind of abjection in time
Son.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102124836A (en) * | 2011-01-30 | 2011-07-20 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Method for processing strobili of pinus massoniana |
| CN102792804A (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2012-11-28 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Chinese red pine seed storing method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102124836A (en) * | 2011-01-30 | 2011-07-20 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Method for processing strobili of pinus massoniana |
| CN102792804A (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2012-11-28 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Chinese red pine seed storing method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 利用烤烟烘房烘烤马尾松球果技术;陈德银;《林业科技通讯》;19960915;第42页 * |
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