CN105393805A - Apple tree top-grafting variety-changing method - Google Patents
Apple tree top-grafting variety-changing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105393805A CN105393805A CN201510709844.8A CN201510709844A CN105393805A CN 105393805 A CN105393805 A CN 105393805A CN 201510709844 A CN201510709844 A CN 201510709844A CN 105393805 A CN105393805 A CN 105393805A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an apple tree top-grafting variety-changing method, so as to solve problems that ear survival rate is low after grafting by a present scion grafting method, and a fruit tree forming a tree form and a crown is very slow, and fruit trees easily get diseases. The method comprises steps of preparing before grafting, selecting grafting branches, grafting, and managing after grafting. The process of selecting grafting branches comprises: using poor-quality apple trees whose tree-age is 5-15 years as stocks of branchlet single-bud top-grafting variety changing, and shaping pruning including four steps. The apple tree top-grafting variety-changing method uses branchlets to perform top-grafting variety changing, and updates variety of poor-quality apple trees, single-bud scions are used in grafting, and most branchlets whose thickness is more than 0.5-3 cm on a big apple tree whose tree-age is more than 5-15 years are reserved, and the apple tree is cut from the height of 4-5 cm, and is used as a grafting stock, and the scion with a single bud is reserved. Using the method, grafting ears survival rate reaches 99%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit-tree grafting field, be specifically related to the grafting method of a kind of apple tree.
Background technology
Fruit tree branching grafting is the main path transforming orchard inferior, adopt vegetative method to one of main method that plant variety is bred, the branching grafting technology always adopted for many years is as grafting part using the skeleton branch of elite tree (bough such as major branch and side shoot) section, whip grafting is adopted to carry out grafting, this kind of method is high connect after, fringe survival rate is lower, fruit tree again formed tree-like with tree crown slowly, could again bear fruit after at least taking 3-5, and easily produce disease due to the excessive fruit tree of grafting wound, the cost of grafting is simultaneously very high, badly influence the economic benefit in orchard, dampen the confidence of orchard worker's Developing New Variety, be unfavorable for the development of industry.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of apple tree branching grafting method, with solve current whip grafting carry out grafting after lower, the fruit tree of fringe survival rate again formed tree-like with tree crown slowly, fruit tree easily produces the problems such as disease.
A kind of apple tree branching grafting method, it is characterized in that: the preparation before it comprises grafting, the selecting and remain of grafted branch, grafting, managing after grafting step, wherein the process of selecting and remain of grafted branch is, the apple tree inferior that the age of tree is given birth at 5-15, as the stock of sprig simple bud branching grafting; Setting pruning is divided into four steps to carry out:
The first step: retain base portion 3-4 major branches, 3-4 centimeters saws are except central authorities leader is dry and more than two layers major branches thereon, and by the Altitude control of stayed major branch below 2.0 meters, amputate its too high part;
Second step; Each major branch retains the good 2-3 of an angle side shoot, removes other side shoot;
3rd step; Every the oblique raw sprig that 20-25 centimetre of reservation one 0.5-3 centimetre is thick on each side shoot, and from base portion 5 centimeters, tip is cut off, one section that the stays anvil stake as grafting;
4th step: the branch that under removing remaining back, the back of the body and both sides are unnecessary.
Preferably, the set-up procedure before grafting is as follows,
A.1 scion collection: gather scion and start flow progresses row to resin in next year after apple tree fallen leaves in the fall, gathers that tree crown peripheral middle and upper part growth is enriched, sprout full 1 year raw branch is as scion;
A.2 scion storage: after scion gathers, every 50 or 100 are bundled into a bundle, indicate kind, select shady spot's ditching, scion is placed in ditch near grafting district, with wet husky landfill, is housed in below frozen soil layer.
Preferably, grafting procedures is as follows,
The anvil stake section stayed when formalizing and pruning carries out grafting, scion is directly whittled into shrub and hedge trimmer, scion fringe bar is first after scion branch base portion is cut, retain again 1 bud thereon row cut off, cutting scion concrete grammar is: first cut in distance bud point 4-5 centimeters and cut, make scion lower end become a smooth flat; Then narrow for clip limit is withstood on scion lower end cutting edge naturally to open, make it become 30 degree of angles with scion upper end angle, with blade, scion is whittled into the first inclined-plane of long 2.5-3 centimeter length; Cut the second inclined-plane being whittled into 2-2.5 centimeter length more in the same way; Finally cut off at 5 millimeters, the top of bud place, namely become the high scion connect of simple bud.
Preferably, fill with a water in time after grafting, within 10 days, check survival rate later, if survival rate is low, benefit can be carried out and connect work; After grafting survival, in time the bud that stock is sprouted is erased, after 60-70 days, remove bondage material.
The present invention utilizes sprig to carry out branching grafting, carries out Cultivar replacing to apple tree inferior, and adopt simple bud scion to carry out grafting, feature is as follows:
One is gather the branch life in full a year of the peripheral sprout of tree crown;
Next is selecting and remain to grafting tree grafting anvil stake, and the age of tree is selected 40-60 on the Big Apple tree of more than 5-15, and rugosity retains the sprig overwhelming majority of 0.5-3 centimetre, and cuts from the height of 4-5 centimetre and cut as the stake of grafting anvil;
Three is cut scion with shrub and hedge trimmer, only stays simple bud to do scion, adopts cut-grafting, side grafting or cleft graft to carry out grafting; Completed by shrub and hedge trimmer and cut scion and whole grafting procedures, change the method that original grafting knife cuts scion and grafting.Adopt the method to transfer cion survival rate and can reach 99%, transfer cion survival rate than traditional skeleton branch and improve more than 30%.
Four be carry out survival rate inspection, mend connect, field management work after the grafting such as to pour water.
Embodiment
The following examples can further illustrate the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any way.
Embodiment 1
Preparation before a, grafting
A.1 scion collection: gather scion and start flow progresses row to resin in next year after apple tree fallen leaves in the fall, gathers that tree crown peripheral middle and upper part growth is enriched, sprout full 1 year raw branch is as scion;
A.2 scion storage: after scion gathers, every 50 or 100 are bundled into a bundle, indicate kind, select shady spot's ditching, scion is placed in ditch near grafting district, with wet husky landfill, is housed in below frozen soil layer.
B, elite tree setting pruning are selected and remain with grafted branch: b.1 the age of tree is the apple tree inferior of 5-15 life, all can be used as the stock of sprig simple bud branching grafting; First to carry out sizing to grafting renovation stock seeds to prune, grafted branch of selecting and remain, before preparation grafting, carry out setting in 15-20 minute prune;
B.2 the pruning that formalizes is divided into four steps to carry out:
The first step: only retain base portion 4 major branches, 4 centimeters saws are except central authorities leader is dry and more than two layers major branches (saw kerf slightly-inclined, in case ponding) thereon, and by the Altitude control of stayed major branch below 2.0 meters, amputate its too high part;
Second step; Each major branch retains the good 2-3 of an angle side shoot, removes other side shoot;
3rd step; Every the oblique raw sprig that 25 centimetres of reservations one 3 centimetres are thick on each side shoot, and tip is cut off (cutting cross section smooth, smooth) from base portion 5 centimeters, one section that the stays anvil stake as grafting (10 years green apples are set full tree and stayed 40-60 anvil stake altogether);
4th step: the branch that under removing remaining back, the back of the body and both sides are unnecessary.
C, grafting
C.1, grafting time: carry out in mid or late April;
C.2, grafting method: on the anvil stake section stayed when formalizing and pruning, adopt cut-grafting, side grafting or cleft graft to carry out grafting, and namely complete grafting work after carrying out bondage; For the ease of operation, scion is directly whittled into shrub and hedge trimmer, and scion fringe bar is not the first section of being cut into, and is first after scion branch base portion is cut, then retain 1 bud thereon row cut off.Cutting scion concrete grammar is: first cut in distance bud point 5 centimeters and cut, make scion lower end become a smooth flat; Then narrow for clip limit is withstood on scion lower end cutting edge naturally to open, make it become 30 degree of angles with scion upper end angle, with blade, scion is whittled into the first inclined-plane of long 3 centimeter length; Cut the second inclined-plane being whittled into 2.5 centimeter length more in the same way; Finally cut off at 5 millimeters, the top of bud place, namely become the high scion connect of simple bud.
Embodiment 2
Preparation before a, grafting
A.1 scion collection: gather scion and start flow progresses row to resin in next year after apple tree fallen leaves in the fall, gathers that tree crown peripheral middle and upper part growth is enriched, sprout full 1 year raw branch is as scion;
A.2 scion storage: after scion gathers, every 50 or 100 are bundled into a bundle, indicate kind, select shady spot's ditching, scion is placed in ditch near grafting district, with wet husky landfill, is housed in below frozen soil layer.
B, elite tree setting pruning are selected and remain with grafted branch
B.1 the age of tree is the apple tree inferior of 5-15 life, all can be used as the stock of sprig simple bud branching grafting; First to carry out sizing to grafting renovation stock seeds to prune, grafted branch of selecting and remain, before preparation grafting, carry out setting in 15-20 minute prune;
B.2 the pruning that formalizes is divided into four steps to carry out:
The first step: only retain base portion 3 major branches, 3 centimeters saws are except central authorities leader is dry and more than two layers major branches (saw kerf slightly-inclined, in case ponding) thereon, and by the Altitude control of stayed major branch below 2.0 meters, amputate its too high part;
Second step; Each major branch retains the good 2-3 of an angle side shoot, removes other side shoot;
3rd step; Every the oblique raw sprig that 20 centimetres of reservations one 0.5 centimetre are thick on each side shoot, and tip is cut off (cutting cross section smooth, smooth) from base portion 5 centimeters, one section that the stays anvil stake as grafting (10 years green apples are set full tree and stayed 40-60 anvil stake altogether);
4th step: the branch that under removing remaining back, the back of the body and both sides are unnecessary.
C, grafting
C.1, grafting time: carry out in mid or late April;
C.2, grafting method: on the anvil stake section stayed when formalizing and pruning, adopt cut-grafting, side grafting or cleft graft to carry out grafting, and namely complete grafting work after carrying out bondage;
For the ease of operation, scion is directly whittled into shrub and hedge trimmer, and scion fringe bar is not the first section of being cut into, and is first after scion branch base portion is cut, then retain 1 bud thereon row cut off.Cutting scion concrete grammar is:
First cut in distance bud point 4 centimeters and cut, make scion lower end become a smooth flat;
Then narrow for clip limit is withstood on scion lower end cutting edge naturally to open, make it become 30 degree of angles with scion upper end angle, with blade, scion is whittled into the first inclined-plane of long 2.5 centimeter length;
Cut the second inclined-plane being whittled into 2 centimeter length more in the same way;
Finally cut off at 5 millimeters, the top of bud place, namely become the high scion connect of simple bud.
Embodiment 3: managing after grafting is carried out to embodiment 1 or 2: fill with a water in time after grafting, check survival rate in 10 days later, if survival rate is low, benefit can be carried out and connect work; After grafting survival, in time the bud that stock is sprouted is erased, after 60-70 days, remove bondage material.Enhance field management, notice that disease worm is monitored, perform management work as the case may be.
" the different grafting benefit analysis of apple "
1. different grafting method survival rate analyzes (see table 1)
As can be seen from Table 1, greatly can save budder with the grafting of sprig simple bud, from the speed of young sprout growth, survival rate far away higher than skeleton branch cortex grafting, and can find out that the healing rate of grafting wound is faster than skeleton branch grafting.
2. different grafting method tree crown forming speed analyzes (see table 2)
As can be seen from Table 2, adopt the high apple tree connect of sprig simple bud, just can basically form original tree crown then in grafting, and adopt the high apple tree connect of skeleton branch can't recover original tree crown completely after 3 years.
3. different grafting method volume analysis (see table 3)
As can be seen from Table 3, adopt sprig simple bud high connect and apple tree grafting Second Year just can form certain output, within after grafting the 3rd year, just can reach the object of high yield, and adopt the apple tree grafting Second Year of skeleton branch grafting there is no output at all, and the 3rd year does not reach high yield yet.
Claims (4)
1. an apple tree branching grafting method, it is characterized in that: the preparation before it comprises grafting, the selecting and remain of grafted branch, grafting, managing after grafting step, wherein the process of selecting and remain of grafted branch is, the apple tree inferior that the age of tree is given birth at 5-15, as the stock of sprig simple bud branching grafting; Setting pruning is divided into four steps to carry out:
The first step: retain base portion 3-4 major branches, 3-4 centimeters saws are except central authorities leader is dry and more than two layers major branches thereon, and by the Altitude control of stayed major branch below 2.0 meters, amputate its too high part;
Second step; Each major branch retains the good 2-3 of an angle side shoot, removes other side shoot;
3rd step; Every the oblique raw sprig that 20-25 centimetre of reservation one 0.5-3 centimetre is thick on each side shoot, and from base portion 5 centimeters, tip is cut off, one section that the stays anvil stake as grafting;
4th step: the branch that under removing remaining back, the back of the body and both sides are unnecessary.
2. a kind of apple tree branching grafting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the set-up procedure before grafting is as follows,
A.1 scion collection: gather scion and start flow progresses row to resin in next year after apple tree fallen leaves in the fall, gathers that tree crown peripheral middle and upper part growth is enriched, sprout full 1 year raw branch is as scion;
A.2 scion storage: after scion gathers, every 50 or 100 are bundled into a bundle, indicate kind, select shady spot's ditching, scion is placed in ditch near grafting district, with wet husky landfill, is housed in below frozen soil layer.
3. a kind of apple tree branching grafting method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: grafting procedures is as follows, the anvil stake section stayed when formalizing and pruning carries out grafting, scion is directly whittled into shrub and hedge trimmer, scion fringe bar is first after scion branch base portion is cut, retain again 1 bud thereon row cut off, cutting scion concrete grammar is: first cut cutting apart from bud point 4-5 centimeters, make scion lower end become a smooth flat; Then narrow for clip limit is withstood on scion lower end cutting edge naturally to open, make it become 30 degree of angles with scion upper end angle, with blade, scion is whittled into the first inclined-plane of long 2.5-3 centimeter length; Cut the second inclined-plane being whittled into 2-2.5 centimeter length more in the same way; Finally cut off at 5 millimeters, the top of bud place, namely become the high scion connect of simple bud.
4. a kind of apple tree branching grafting method according to claim 3, is characterized in that: managing after grafting step is: fill with a water in time after grafting, within 10 days, check survival rate later, if survival rate is low, can carries out benefit and connect work; After grafting survival, in time the bud that stock is sprouted is erased, after 60-70 days, remove bondage material.
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| CN201510709844.8A CN105393805A (en) | 2015-10-28 | 2015-10-28 | Apple tree top-grafting variety-changing method |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105875336A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-08-24 | 甘肃省农业科学院林果花卉研究所 | Method for increasing fruit nursery stock grafting survival rate and uniformity degree |
| CN105918037A (en) * | 2016-04-24 | 2016-09-07 | 李建明 | Top-grafting variety-changing rapid forming cultivation method for apple trees |
| CN107094509A (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2017-08-29 | 四川省林业科学研究院 | Walnut branching grafting method |
| CN107258429A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-10-20 | 合肥同创园林科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of apple tree |
| CN110050626A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-07-26 | 攀枝花市农林科学研究院 | A kind of mango tree crown update cultural method |
| CN110754235A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-02-07 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | High-position grafting and cultivating method for passion flower in field |
| CN114747376A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-07-15 | 路萍 | High-grafting head-changing cultivation method for apple trees |
| CN115380719A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-11-25 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Apple grafting and optimum-changing rapid forming method |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105918037A (en) * | 2016-04-24 | 2016-09-07 | 李建明 | Top-grafting variety-changing rapid forming cultivation method for apple trees |
| CN105875336A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-08-24 | 甘肃省农业科学院林果花卉研究所 | Method for increasing fruit nursery stock grafting survival rate and uniformity degree |
| CN107258429A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-10-20 | 合肥同创园林科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of apple tree |
| CN107094509A (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2017-08-29 | 四川省林业科学研究院 | Walnut branching grafting method |
| CN110050626A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-07-26 | 攀枝花市农林科学研究院 | A kind of mango tree crown update cultural method |
| CN110754235A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-02-07 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | High-position grafting and cultivating method for passion flower in field |
| CN114747376A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-07-15 | 路萍 | High-grafting head-changing cultivation method for apple trees |
| CN115380719A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-11-25 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Apple grafting and optimum-changing rapid forming method |
| CN115380719B (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2024-03-22 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Apple grafting and optimizing changing rapid forming method |
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Application publication date: 20160316 |