CN105393749A - Corn and peanut complex three-dimensional ecological intercropping planting method - Google Patents
Corn and peanut complex three-dimensional ecological intercropping planting method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A corn and peanut complex three-dimensional ecological intercropping planting method relates to a planting method for corns and peanuts. The corn and peanut complex three-dimensional ecological intercropping planting method can solve the problems that in the mode of long continuous cropping of corns and peanuts, straw reapplication is difficult, planting is out-off-balance, physic and chemical properties of soil deteriorate, pests and diseases become serious, the investment is increased but the yield is not increased, row spacing configuration is not reasonable during the conventional intercropping between the corns and the peanuts, and the utilization of light and heat resources is low. The method includes the following steps of: 1) good seed selection; 2) land selection and soil preparation; 3) soil testing and formulated fertilization; 4) field arrangement optimization; 5) seeding and reasonable close planting; 6) fine field management; 7) straw reapplication; and 8) crop rotation, fallowing and land maintaining. Many years of tests show that the yield of the corns can be increased by 2.0% to 8.0% more than that of the conventional planting method; compared with the conventional planting method, the yield of the peanuts can be increased by 1800 to 2200 Kg / hectare in average. The corn and peanut complex three-dimensional ecological intercropping planting method can be applied to the field of crop planting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation method of a kind of corn and peanut.
Background technology
Corn (ZeamaysL.) belongs to grass family Zea, is important grain, warp, raises dual-purpose crop, occupy very consequence in China's grain-production and national economy.Scientific research and Maize Production facts have proved, planting patterns is one of key factor affecting yield level.
Rational nixed planting can effectively utilize the resources such as light, heat, water, nutrient, improves output and the benefit of unit arable area, plays an important role in agricultural production, is also the effective way of Development of Morden agricultural and recycling ecological agriculture.Wherein, corn and peanut composite stereo ecology are interplanted is a kind of excellent intercropping mode.Current corn and peanut interplanting technique mainly adopt even ridge to plant or or both etc. row or the traditional mode etc. in the ranks do not done, the plantation of even ridge affects ventilation and penetrating light condition in maize population, exacerbate the competition of individual nutrient, resource in late growth stage colony, limit the further raising of output; And traditional Cultivation Patterns of Interplanting does not make full use of both niche complementarity effects, farthest improve the utilization ratio of the resource such as light, heat, the Fallow crop rotation in soil cannot be realized especially, and the means of production drop into high, to be unfavorable for agricultural sustainable development.
Peanut (ArachishypogaeaL.) is as important economy and oil crop, and its plant is short and small, and Plant Type in Maize is tall and big, and the structure that both plant type structures are characterized as corn and the ecological Interplanting technique of peanut composite stereo creates base strip.Research shows, adopt the mode changing row spacing, utility rate of luminous energy can be increased, improve output, along with the development of the information processing technology, by geography, agronomy and ecological technological means, further can optimize current cultivation mode, create more reasonably space multistory complex ecological structure and horizontal layout, give full play to the ecological niche advantage of compound population Different Crop, improve the utilization ratio to resource.In addition, corn is as nitrophilous crop, and peanut can produce root nodule, utilizes rhizobium to carry out fixed nitrogen, can reduce the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer to a certain extent, is conducive to the realization of national chemical fertilizer " zero growth rate " target.
Under current corn, peanut long-term continuous cropping pattern, straw-returning is difficult, breeding is uneven, soil physical and chemical property worsens, damage by disease and insect increases the weight of, increase throwing does not increase production, and line-spacing unreasonable allocation under traditional corn-peanut intercropping, sunlight-heat reaources availability are low, cause yielding poorly of corn and peanut.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be to solve straw-returning difficulty under existing corn, peanut long-term continuous cropping pattern, breeding is uneven, soil physical and chemical property worsens, damage by disease and insect increases the weight of, increases throwing does not increase production and line-spacing unreasonable allocation under traditional corn-peanut intercropping, problem that sunlight-heat reaources availability is low, the cultivation method of being interplanted by corn and peanut composite stereo ecology is achieved " two increasing " of corn and peanut yield, the Major Strategic Demand of national agricultural structure adjustment under meeting new normality.
The cultivation method that corn of the present invention and peanut composite stereo ecology are interplanted, comprises the following steps:
One, fine variety production: corn variety selects high-quality, high yield, wide suitable, high resistance, resistance to close kind; Peanut varieties should according to local planting habit, breeding time, ecological condition select yield potential large, breeding time suitably, yielding ability and the good kind of quality tool.
Two, selection of land and whole: select that plow layer is loosened, active soil stratum is deep, neutral meta-acid, draining and the good loam of Fertility Characteristics or sandy loam; The general requirement broadcasting preplanting treatment is: loosing soil, in small, broken bits, do not harden, water content is moderate, soil moisture is 65% ~ 75% of field capacity, irrigation and drainage are convenient;
Three, fertilization compositions based on earth measurement: should in conjunction with the fertility state of soil, uses sufficient base manure in conjunction with whole simultaneously, and whole potash fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, fertilizer do that base manure is disposable to be applied, and overall control accomplished by nitrogenous fertilizer, applies by stages.
Four, field layout optimization: change traditional even ridge plantation (row spacing 60-65cm) into be made up of large micro-ridge Maize-Peanut composite construction, a structure is made up of 1 micro-ridge and 1 large ridge, micro-ridge row spacing 30cm, large ridge row spacing 100cm, the compound line-spacing after optimization is 130cm.
Five, sowing and rational close planting: sow two row corns on micro-ridge, line-spacing 30cm, planting density is 6-6.5 ten thousand strains/hectare, the sowing depth is consistent, broadcasts rear timely suppression; Plantation 1 row peanut in the middle of large ridge, spacing in the rows 20cm, about planting density 2.5 ten thousand strains/hectare.
Six, meticulous field management: comprise important city pressure, in time herbicide spraying Seal treatment after corn seeding, the rational application of fertilizer, adopts disease pest and weed integrated control technique.
Seven, straw-returning: annual after harvest corn, stay high stubble 30-35cm, be placed on corn in the ranks by uniform sequential for residue stalk, object carries out straw-returning, culture fertility.
Eight, crop rotation is lain fallow and is increased soil fertility: First Year is maize planting on micro-ridge, intercropping peanut in the middle of large ridge; On the right side of the micro-ridge that Second Year is planted at First Year, 5cm place plants by First Year combined grow method, keeps micro-ridge row spacing to be still 30cm, large ridge row spacing 100cm; Within 3rd year, still plant by Second Year implantation methods in Second Year plantation micro-ridge side; Within 4th year, returning First Year planting location to plant, 3 years like this is a rotational cycle.
The present invention, by the means of geography, ecology and crop cultivation, carries out technology upgrading transformation to existing cropping pattern, optimizes the layout of Maize-Peanut compound population on solid space and horizontal space.The method achieve Different Crop Population Niche complementary, improve the utilization ratio to natural resources, Appropriate application land resources, reduces the input of nitrogenous fertilizer, achieves crop production Synergistic and target that is green, ecological, sustainable use.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, corn of the present invention and the ecological cultivation method of interplanting of peanut composite stereo, based on the correlation theory of geography, Crop Science and ecology etc., utilize the parameters such as sun altitude, Plants are high, calculate the best row spacing that maize population obtains maximum photosynthesis rate and the longest light application time of complete stool acquisition, utilize corn different from peanut plant height, light requirement intensity is different, optimize Crop spatial and horizontal layout, create the solid space structure of Appropriate application, increase corn ventilation and penetrating light, improve the optical energy utilization efficiency to the resource such as light, heat.
2, utilize the principle of peanut and rhizobium symbiotic nitrogen fixation, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer can be reduced in a large number, be conducive to improving soil structure, increase soil fertility, realize the target of chemical fertilizer " zero growth rate ".
3, utilize straw-returning, realize kind of a combination of increasing soil fertility, be conducive to the sustainable development of agricultural production.The present invention lain fallow by corn crop rotation increase soil fertility, the measure such as straw-returning, be conducive to culture fertility and keep the balance of soil nutrient, achieve food and cash crops and work in coordination with the object increased income.
4, improve land utilization rate, add economic benefit.The present invention, by the use of advantage to Different Crop ecological niche, under the condition of the cereal crops corn not underproduction, adds the income of peanut, achieves agricultural production and work in coordination with the object increased production and improved productivity, be conducive to increasing peasant income.Adopt the cultivation method that corn and peanut composite stereo ecology are interplanted, energy Appropriate application solid space, improve grown per area benefit, test proof for many years, corn is than traditional planting patterns volume increase 2.0-8.0%, compared with common cultivation method, on average can increase income peanut yield 1800-2200kg/ hectare.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the cultivation method schematic diagram that corn of the present invention and peanut composite stereo ecology are interplanted;
Fig. 2 is the cultivation method field vertical view that corn of the present invention and peanut composite stereo ecology are interplanted.
Embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is not limited to following cited embodiment, also comprises any combination between each embodiment.
Embodiment one: the cultivation method that present embodiment corn and peanut composite stereo ecology are interplanted, comprises the following steps:
One, fine variety production: corn variety selects high-quality, high yield, wide suitable, high resistance, resistance to close kind; Peanut varieties according to local planting habit, breeding time, ecological condition select yield potential large, breeding time suitably, yielding ability and the good kind of quality tool;
Two, selection of land and whole: select that plow layer is loosened, active soil stratum is deep, neutral meta-acid, draining and the good loam of Fertility Characteristics or sandy loam; The general requirement broadcasting preplanting treatment is: loosing soil, in small, broken bits, do not harden, water content is moderate, soil moisture is 65% ~ 75% of field capacity, irrigation and drainage are convenient;
Three, fertilization compositions based on earth measurement: whole potash fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, fertilizer do that base manure is disposable to be applied, and nitrogenous fertilizer applies by stages;
Four, field layout optimization: adopt the Maize-Peanut composite construction be made up of large micro-ridge, a construction unit is made up of 1 micro-ridge and 1 large ridge, micro-ridge row spacing 30cm, large ridge row spacing 100cm, and the distance of a construction unit is 130cm;
Five, sowing and rational close planting: sow two row corns on micro-ridge, line-spacing 30cm, planting density is 6-6.5 ten thousand strains/hectare, the sowing depth is consistent, broadcasts rear timely suppression; Plantation 1 row peanut in the middle of large ridge, planting density 2.5 ten thousand strains/hectare;
Six, meticulous field management: comprise important city pressure, in time herbicide spraying Seal treatment, the rational application of fertilizer, employing disease pest and weed method for integrated control after corn seeding; Wherein field management method is conventional method;
Seven, straw-returning: annual after harvest corn, stays high stubble 30-35cm, is placed on corn in the ranks by uniform sequential for residue stalk;
Eight, crop rotation is lain fallow and is increased soil fertility: First Year is maize planting on micro-ridge, intercropping peanut in the middle of large ridge; On the right side of the micro-ridge that Second Year is planted at First Year, 5cm place plants by First Year combined grow method, keeps micro-ridge row spacing to be still 30cm, large ridge row spacing 100cm; Within 3rd year, still plant by Second Year implantation methods in Second Year plantation micro-ridge side; Within 4th year, returning First Year planting location to plant, 3 years like this is a rotational cycle.
Embodiment two: present embodiment and embodiment one unlike: in step one, corn variety is high starch tailored version kind " good beautiful 66 "; Peanut varieties is high oil content tailored version kind " Bai Sha 1016 ".Other is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment three: present embodiment and embodiment one or two unlike: in step 4, the spacing in the rows of corn is 11.8-15.0cm, and the spacing in the rows of peanut is 20cm.Other is identical with embodiment one or two.
Embodiment four: one of present embodiment and embodiment one to three unlike: in step 5, the planting density of corn is 6.2-6.3 ten thousand strains/hectare.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to three.
Embodiment five: one of present embodiment and embodiment one to four unlike: stay high stubble 32-33cm in step 7.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to four.
For verifying beneficial effect of the present invention, carry out following test:
Embodiment 1:
The cultivation method that the present embodiment corn and peanut composite stereo ecology are interplanted, tests in Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sc of Dehui City of Jilin Province, China province agricultural test base.
One, fine variety production: corn variety selects high-quality, high yield, wide suitable, high resistance, resistance to close kind good beautiful 99; Peanut varieties according to local planting habit, in conjunction with breeding time and ecological condition, select yield potential large, breeding time suitably, yielding ability and the good kind four of quality tool red.
Two, selection of land and whole: experimental field plow layer is loose, topsoil thickness reaches 21.5cm, drainage is better for this, and fertility is higher, and April 20, plot was revolved carefully smooth by front and back rotary tillage soil-working machine, rear according to the suppression of soil moisture content appropriateness, improves the flatness of soil.
Three, fertilization compositions based on earth measurement: combine the result surveying soil formula, determine N-P
2o
5-K
2the consumption of O is 200-70-125kg/ hectare, and use sufficient base manure (the fertile 50kg/ hectare of N, all the other consumptions topdress) in conjunction with arable land, whole potash fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, fertilizer are manured into soil, and residual nitrogen nutriment in a fertilizer does not apply by 2:1 in typhon mouth phase and phase of weaving silk.
Four, field layout optimization: traditional even ridge plantation (row spacing about 62cm) is changed into the Maize-Peanut composite construction plantation be made up of large micro-ridge, a structure is made up of 1 micro-ridge and 1 large ridge, micro-ridge row spacing 30cm, large ridge row spacing 100cm, compound line-spacing after optimization is 130cm, and plot is made up of numerous Maize-Peanut composite construction.
Five, sowing and rational close planting: adopt the first tenday period of a month in May mechanical precision drilling to carry out corn and peanut is sowed simultaneously.Seeding machine regulating become suitable width on micro-ridge, to sow two row corns, line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 15cm during sowing, planting density is about 60,000 strains/hectare; At large ridge medium sowing 1 row peanut, spacing in the rows 20cm, planting density is about 2.5 ten thousand strains/hectare; Seed level 3-4cm, controls the depth consistent.
Six, meticulous field management: after comprising corn seeding, timely herbicide spraying ploughs outstanding Seal treatment, spray the beautiful gold of chemical control agent at corn 8 leaf stretching period and carry out anti-down, the later stage sprays the control of beta-cypermethrin for aphid etc. for twice simultaneously.
Seven, straw-returning: annual after harvest corn, stay high stubble 30-35cm, be placed on corn in the ranks by uniform sequential for residue stalk, object carries out straw-returning, culture fertility
Eight, crop rotation is lain fallow and is increased soil fertility: First Year is maize planting on micro-ridge, intercropping peanut in the middle of large ridge; On the right side of the micro-ridge that Second Year is planted at First Year, 5cm place plants by First Year combined grow method, keeps micro-ridge row spacing to be still 30cm, large ridge row spacing 100cm; Within 3rd year, still plant by Second Year implantation methods in Second Year plantation micro-ridge side; Within 4th year, returning First Year planting location to plant, 3 years like this is a rotational cycle.
Technology effect: adopt the cultivation method that corn and peanut composite stereo ecology are interplanted, energy Appropriate application solid space, improve grown per area benefit, test proof for many years, corn is than traditional planting patterns volume increase 8.0%, compared with common cultivation method, peanut yield 1800-2200kg/ hectare can be increased income; This technology achieves kind of a combination of increasing soil fertility, decrease nitrogen fertilizer amount, be conducive to the sustainable development of agricultural production, lain fallow by corn crop rotation increase soil fertility, the measure such as straw-returning, be conducive to culture fertility and keep soil nutrient balance, the sustainable health not only achieving agricultural resources utilizes, and achieves food and cash crops and work in coordination with the target increasing income synergy.
Claims (5)
1. corn and the ecological cultivation method of interplanting of peanut composite stereo, is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
One, fine variety production: corn variety selects high-quality, high yield, wide suitable, high resistance, resistance to close kind; Peanut varieties according to local planting habit, breeding time, ecological condition select yield potential large, breeding time suitably, yielding ability and the good kind of quality tool;
Two, selection of land and whole: select that plow layer is loosened, active soil stratum is deep, neutral meta-acid, draining and the good loam of Fertility Characteristics or sandy loam; The general requirement broadcasting preplanting treatment is: loosing soil, in small, broken bits, and do not harden, soil moisture is 65% ~ 75% of field capacity, and irrigation and drainage are convenient;
Three, fertilization compositions based on earth measurement: whole potash fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, fertilizer do that base manure is disposable to be applied, and nitrogenous fertilizer applies by stages;
Four, field layout optimization: adopt the Maize-Peanut composite construction be made up of large micro-ridge, a construction unit is made up of 1 micro-ridge and 1 large ridge, micro-ridge row spacing 30cm, large ridge row spacing 100cm, and the distance of a construction unit is 130cm;
Five, sowing and rational close planting: sow two row corns on micro-ridge, line-spacing 30cm, planting density is 6-6.5 ten thousand strains/hectare, the sowing depth is consistent, broadcasts rear timely suppression; Plantation 1 row peanut in the middle of large ridge, planting density 2.5 ten thousand strains/hectare;
Six, meticulous field management: comprise important city pressure, in time herbicide spraying Seal treatment, the rational application of fertilizer, employing disease pest and weed method for integrated control after corn seeding; Wherein field management method is conventional method;
Seven, straw-returning: annual after harvest corn, stays high stubble 30-35cm, is placed on corn in the ranks by uniform sequential for residue stalk;
Eight, crop rotation is lain fallow and is increased soil fertility: First Year is maize planting on micro-ridge, intercropping peanut in the middle of large ridge; On the right side of the micro-ridge that Second Year is planted at First Year, 5cm place plants by First Year combined grow method, keeps micro-ridge row spacing to be still 30cm, large ridge row spacing 100cm; Within 3rd year, still plant by Second Year implantation methods in Second Year plantation micro-ridge side; Within 4th year, returning First Year planting location to plant, 3 years like this is a rotational cycle.
2. a kind of corn according to claim 1 and the ecological cultivation method of interplanting of peanut composite stereo, is characterized in that in step one, corn variety is high starch tailored version kind " good beautiful 66 "; Peanut varieties is high oil content tailored version kind " Bai Sha 1016 ".
3. a kind of corn according to claim 1 and the ecological cultivation method of interplanting of peanut composite stereo, it is characterized in that the spacing in the rows of corn in step 4 is 11.8-15.0cm, the spacing in the rows of peanut is 20cm.
4. a kind of corn according to claim 1 and the ecological cultivation method of interplanting of peanut composite stereo, is characterized in that the planting density of corn in step 5 is 6.2-6.3 ten thousand strains/hectare.
5. a kind of corn according to claim 1 and the ecological cultivation method of interplanting of peanut composite stereo, is characterized in that staying high stubble 32-33cm in step 7.
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Cited By (11)
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| CN105875153A (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2016-08-24 | 刘万顺 | Method for alternately and circularly planting corn and peanuts in wide and narrow regions |
| CN106171462A (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2016-12-07 | 广西驰胜农业科技有限公司 | A kind of Semen Maydis, Fructus Luffae and the method for Semen arachidis hypogaeae interplanting and three-dimensionally cultivating |
| CN106305101A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-01-11 | 谭仁燕 | Method for mixed planting of maize and peanut |
| CN106973677A (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2017-07-25 | 东营市农业科学研究院 | A kind of implantation methods made between millet peanut |
| CN108243873A (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2018-07-06 | 吉林省农业科学院 | A kind of cultural method of peanut corn Rotation with striped land |
| CN110833017A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-02-25 | 云南海沣药业有限公司 | Interplanting method of rodgersflower and corn |
| CN111264318A (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2020-06-12 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Planting method of corn and cover crop |
| CN111699778A (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2020-09-25 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Straw returning method based on corn and cover crop cultivation |
| CN112021102A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-04 | 四川省草业技术研究推广中心 | Planting method for silage corns in plateau area |
| CN112075311A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-15 | 辽宁省农业科学院 | Planting method for corn intercropping peanuts |
| CN113943196A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-01-18 | 辽宁省农业科学院 | Special fertilizer for corn and peanut intercropping and rotation tillage and cultivation method for maintaining soil organic carbon balance |
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| CN105875153A (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2016-08-24 | 刘万顺 | Method for alternately and circularly planting corn and peanuts in wide and narrow regions |
| CN106171462A (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2016-12-07 | 广西驰胜农业科技有限公司 | A kind of Semen Maydis, Fructus Luffae and the method for Semen arachidis hypogaeae interplanting and three-dimensionally cultivating |
| CN106305101A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-01-11 | 谭仁燕 | Method for mixed planting of maize and peanut |
| CN106973677A (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2017-07-25 | 东营市农业科学研究院 | A kind of implantation methods made between millet peanut |
| CN108243873A (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2018-07-06 | 吉林省农业科学院 | A kind of cultural method of peanut corn Rotation with striped land |
| CN110833017A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-02-25 | 云南海沣药业有限公司 | Interplanting method of rodgersflower and corn |
| CN111264318A (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2020-06-12 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Planting method of corn and cover crop |
| CN111264318B (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2021-06-22 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Planting method of corn and cover crop |
| CN111699778A (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2020-09-25 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Straw returning method based on corn and cover crop cultivation |
| CN112021102A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-04 | 四川省草业技术研究推广中心 | Planting method for silage corns in plateau area |
| CN112075311A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-15 | 辽宁省农业科学院 | Planting method for corn intercropping peanuts |
| CN113943196A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-01-18 | 辽宁省农业科学院 | Special fertilizer for corn and peanut intercropping and rotation tillage and cultivation method for maintaining soil organic carbon balance |
| CN113943196B (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-06-24 | 辽宁省农业科学院 | Special fertilizer for corn and peanut intercropping rotation tillage and cultivation method for maintaining soil organic carbon balance |
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