CN103477814A - Cultivation model of three-row peanut in large ridge and intercropped corn in furrows - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a cultivation model of three-row peanuts in a large ridge and intercropped corn in furrows, which is a novel scientific planting technology, changes the traditional planting method and simultaneously plants two kinds of plants with high and short stalks. The cultivation model of the three-row peanuts in the large ridge and the intercropped corn in the furrows comprises the following steps of planting peanuts in a ridge table, changing the original two ridges to one ridge, planting three rows of the peanuts in the ridge, and planting corn in the furrows. According to the cultivation model of the three-row peanuts in the large ridge and the intercropped corn in the furrows, the border effect of the corn is remarkable, and each corn is planted on the border so as to facilitate the crop rotation and the irrigation; complete stalks or high stubbles of the corn after the autumn can be reserved in the field to be utilized as wind curtains for stopping and slowing down the wind, so that the soil loss is released, meanwhile the soil organic matters are increased and the soil is fertilized; when the two kinds of plants are planted in a matching manner, the corn can keep out the wind and the cold, shade and prevent the drought for the peanuts; the root system of the corn is well developed and enjoys water and fertilizers, and after being planted in the furrows, the corn can fully absorb the rainwater in the furrows after raining and the lost fertilizer of a shallow surface layer, so that the growth of the corn is facilitated; the corn is planted in separate furrows, so that the ventilation effect is good, and the pest and disease damage is effectively prevented from occurring.

Description

The cultivation mode of the large ridge of peanut three row furrow maize intercropping

Technical field

The invention belongs to the crop genetics in agricultural technology field, particularly the cultivation mode of the large ridge of peanut three row furrow maize intercropping.

Background technology

The peanut formal name used at school is for landing peanut, among the people, is called peanut, and it belongs to legume, have the laudatory title of " Chinese nut ", " green milk " and " meat or fish in element ".Due to nutritious, old friends are described as " Vegetable meat ", are the oil crop of high protein (containing 32%).Peanut is one of China's large variety of crops of net export few in number.China adds entry to WTO and stays tissue, to the peanut outlet of 21 century, will produce positive effect.After China joined WTO, the export channel of peanut will further be widened, and export volume has broad prospects at health food and dietetic food aspect developing.

Corn is the staple food crop of In Northeast China.It is a kind of important grain and feed dual-purpose crop, and output is high.China is world Major Maize producing country, is one of the world's three large Sautéed Sweet Corn with Salted Egg Yolk bands, and corn yield is only second to the U.S., occupies the second in the world, and corn accounts for Grain in China output 1/4th left and right.Corn is not only grain and feed, or the important raw material of industry.On stable maize sown area basis, increase the yield per unit area, adjust agriculture production structure, developing modern agriculture are had to important effect.

Corn, peanut are the important kinds in crops, growth along with population, the minimizing of per capita area of cultivated farmland, plantation to crops is had higher requirement, therefore, change the planting patterns of traditional farming, improve Peasants in Scientific farming level, allow the peasant constantly be benefited in scientific and technological progress, walk out incremental a, Sustainable Development Road.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a cultivation mode of cultivating peanut large ridge three row furrow maize intercropping, solution is had a large population and a few land, and scientific and technological level is poor, can not effectively utilize the problems such as arable land, deficiency in economic performance.

The present invention is a new-type scientic planting technology, and it has changed traditional cultivation method, and two kinds of crops of height phasic property of short stem are planted on a ground simultaneously, by meticulous seed selection, apply fertilizers scientifically, rational close planting, utilize all natural resource advantages such as water, gas, heat, light, increase the yield per unit area.The present invention is ridge platform plantation peanut, original two ridges, changes a ridge into, plants three row, the furrow maize planting.Cardinal principle of the present invention is: one, negative and positive collocation, and mutually beneficial complementary.The plant one high and one low, blade profile one point one circle, root system one dark is shallow, breeding time, one is long and the other is short, and sowing time, underground absorption nutritive element was also different in the morning and evening, played the effect of making up, particularly corn limit row is with the obvious advantage, each and every one limit row, favourable crop rotation simultaneously and irrigation, corn can complete stool be stayed field or is stayed high stubble to do windbreak after autumn, is used for stopping and slowing down wind speed, thereby alleviates soil erosion, increase the soil organic matter, culture fertility simultaneously.The 2nd, preserve moisture and fertility is low temperature resistant, the waterlogging-resistant insect-pest of drought resisting.Two kinds of crop collocation plantations, but corn can keep out the wind to peanut tremble with fear to shelter from heat or light and take precautions against drought.The maize root system prosperity, the happiness of happiness water is fertile, plants at furrow and the fertilizer of the rainwater of furrow after rain and the loss of shallow top layer fully can be absorbed, Promoting plant growth.Every the ditch maize planting, ventilate like this, effectively prevent the generation of damage by disease and insect.Technical scheme of the present invention mainly comprises following step:

(1), seed selection

Maize seed selects breeding time about 110 days, the early-maturing variety of anti-the dense planting.Peanut is selected high yield medium variety, Baicheng medium-sized seed.

(2), bask seeds

At first prior to seeding, select fine day that peanut, corn are deposited in respectively on clean water mud ground face or Polypropylence Sheet and shine 2-3 days.

(3), seed soaking

Select plastic bag, a circle is good, and corn seed is put in, and will really borrow the power seed coat agent to pour in sack, and the other end circle shakes up well, then shakeouts and makes thinner, and places shady and cool dry place and dries in the shade.Use the same method and soak peanut seed, prior to seeding seed soaking in a week.

(4), wholely

The present invention be applicable to all can maize planting, the plot of peanut, 130 centimeters of row spacings.Want whole ground before sowing, method of soil preparation is identical with conventional method, i.e. fertilising, ridging after stubble-cleaning; Before corn planting, with little ploughshare, the furrow to maize planting plows once deeply.

(5), fertilising

Peanut, per hectare is executed 200 kilograms of (Tian Bao fertilizers: 12-22-8) of humic acid fertilizer of butter parcel.Fertile 200 kilograms (12-18-16) of the bladder peanut, 50 kilograms of potassium magnesium sulfates, 40 kilograms of micro-fertilizer (joining fertile precious), 16 kilograms, doctor's bacterial manure.Do that base fertilizer is disposable to be applied.

150 kilograms of corn base fertilizer humic acid type composite fertilizers (Tian Bao fertilizer 12-17-16), the bladder general fertile 150 kilograms (14-14-14), 100 kilograms of the bladder dressing fertilizers (33-0-5).40 kilograms of micro-fertilizer (joining fertile precious).

(6), sowing

First plant corn, plant the central authorities at furrow, spacing in the rows 13-15cm, adopt traditional cultivation method.

After cultivate peanut, the 3 row sowings of every ridge, 15cm is stayed on the both sides, ridge, line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 7-8cm, adopt the artificial seeding.

(7), field management

A, spraying herbicide

Select peanut, the general weed killer herbicide second of corn methoxalamine, the soil table sprays with sprayer or waterwheel.

B, sprinkling foliage fertilizer, insecticide

When corn 3-5 sheet leaf, with foliage fertilizer (potassium source, phosphorus potassium benefit, plant blood etc.), with foliage fertilizer, blade is sprayed; When the corn 7-8 leaf phase, with same foliage fertilizer, spray for the second time.Can to large chase (high fluorine. cypermethrin) agricultural insecticide.

Embodiment:

Embodiment: the present invention is planted experimentally in long queue every country, Jilin Province, China province Qian Guo county.

Result of the test: 321300 strains of peanut kind, average every strain output is at 14 grams, and per hectare is produced 4498kg; Corn planting 23100 strains, average every strain output is at 250 grams, output per hectare 5775kg.

In sum, through facts have proved for many years, cultivation method of the present invention than tradition clear cultivate peanut have high input, economic benefit is high.Tradition is cultivated peanut clearly sub general one hectare and is dropped into 3320 yuan of left and right, net profit 9000 left and right; 5770 yuan of left and right of Meteorological of the present invention, 26570 yuan of net profits, than clear kind of millet one times of high yield at least; On the other hand, use the present invention's cultivation, the precocious 5-7 days of plant, full grains, increase seed thousand kernel weight.

Claims (2)

1. the cultivation mode of the large ridge of peanut three row furrow maize intercropping, it is characterized in that: row spacing 65cm two ridges change a ridge into, and the ridge platform is planted three row peanuts, spacing in the rows 7-8cm; Every a furrow maize planting, corn plants is apart from 15cm; This pattern makes 1 hectare of peanut, is equivalent to conventional 1.5 hectares; 2.5 mu of ground of corn planting, be equivalent to 5 mu of ground of ordinary maize.

2. according to claim 1 one cultivation mode of cultivating peanut large ridge three row furrow maize intercropping, it is characterized in that: said cultivation method concrete steps are as follows:

(1), seed selection

Maize seed selects breeding time about 110 days, the early-maturing variety of anti-the dense planting; Peanut is selected high yield medium variety, Baicheng medium-sized seed;

(2), bask seeds

At first prior to seeding, select fine day that peanut, corn are deposited in respectively on clean water mud ground face or Polypropylence Sheet and shine 2-3 days;

(3), seed soaking

Select plastic bag, a circle is good, and corn seed is put in, and will really borrow the power seed coat agent to pour in sack, and the other end circle shakes up well, then shakeouts and makes thinner, and places shady and cool dry place and dries in the shade; Use the same method and soak peanut seed, prior to seeding seed soaking in a week;

(4), wholely

The present invention be applicable to all can maize planting, the plot of peanut, 130 centimeters of row spacings; Want whole ground before sowing, method of soil preparation is identical with conventional method, i.e. fertilising, ridging after stubble-cleaning; Before corn planting, with little ploughshare, the furrow to maize planting plows once deeply;

(5), fertilising

Peanut, per hectare is executed 200 kilograms of (Tian Bao fertilizers: 12-22-8) of humic acid fertilizer of butter parcel; Fertile 200 kilograms (12-18-16) of the bladder peanut, 50 kilograms of potassium magnesium sulfates, 40 kilograms of micro-fertilizer (joining fertile precious), 16 kilograms, doctor's bacterial manure; Do that base fertilizer is disposable to be applied; 150 kilograms of corn base fertilizer humic acid type composite fertilizers (Tian Bao fertilizer 12-17-16), the bladder general fertile 150 kilograms (14-14-14), 100 kilograms of the bladder dressing fertilizers (33-0-5); 40 kilograms of micro-fertilizer (joining fertile precious);

(6), sowing

First plant corn, plant the central authorities at furrow, spacing in the rows 13-15cm, adopt traditional cultivation method; After cultivate peanut, the 3 row sowings of every ridge, 15cm is stayed on the both sides, ridge, line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 8-9cm, adopt the artificial seeding;

(7), field management

A, spraying herbicide

Select peanut, the general weed killer herbicide second of corn methoxalamine, the soil table sprays with sprayer or waterwheel;

B, sprinkling foliage fertilizer, insecticide

When corn 3-5 sheet leaf, with foliage fertilizer (potassium source, phosphorus potassium benefit, plant blood etc.), with foliage fertilizer, blade is sprayed; When the corn 7-8 leaf phase, with same foliage fertilizer, spray for the second time.Can to large chase (high fluorine. cypermethrin) agricultural insecticide.