CN105284237A - Method for quickly reproducing camellia nitidissima seeds - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quickly reproducing camellia nitidissima seeds. The method comprises the steps of placing seeds in a 50% carbendazim wettable powder with a concentration of 0.3% to perform immersion disinfection for 20-30 min, and draining the seeds; using warm water at 35-40 DEG C to soak well disinfected seeds for 24-36 h, and draining the seeds; selecting perlite of 30-50 meshes to serve as a germination substrate, heating the perlite in an oven of 150-160 DEG C for 15-20 min, cooling the perlite, adding clear water to wet the perlite, and obtaining well treated perlite; laying the well treated perlite in a box with the bottom provided with holes, causing the thickness to be 3-5 cm, evenly scattering the camellia nitidissima seeds on the perlite, and then laying a layer of perlite with a thickness of 2-3 cm; irradiating the box for 12-24 hours per day through an infrared heat insulation lamp, controlling the temperature to be 24-26 DEG C, placing the seeds in the environment of 24-26 DEG C in the remaining time per day to undergo accelerating germination, and watering the seeds once per day. According to the method, the seeds can sprout in 15-20 days after accelerating germination, the germination rate can be as high as 95% in 30 days, the seeds sprout quickly, the method is high in germination rate, simple to operate and low in cost, and large-scale and industrial planting of camellia nitidissima is guaranteed reliably.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of plant propagation, specifically a kind of Camellia nitidissima seed method for quickly breeding.
Background technology
Camellia nitidissima (CamellianitidissimaC.W.Chi), belongs to Theaceae Camellia, and being twin sisters with camellia, South Mountain tea, oil tea, tea plum etc., is one of first-grade state protection plant.Camellia nitidissima is world-renowned rare or endangered species, and be also rare ornamental plants resources, main product is in China's south Guangxi and North Vietnam.Camellia nitidissima is not only rich in the multiple natural nutrition compositions such as tea polysaccharide, Tea Polyphenols, Total saponin, general flavone, Tea Pigment, caffeine, protein, vitamin B1, B2, vitamin C, vitamin E, folic acid, fatty acid, B-carotin, is also rich in the multiple trace element such as natural organic germanium, selenium, molybdenum, zinc, vanadium human body to important health-care effect.There is significantly hypoglycemic and glucose in urine effect, effectively can improve diabetes " three is high " symptom, cause because of hypertension various can also be improved and be not suitable with symptom, reduce cholesterol in serum and B-lipoprotein, promote insulin secretion, develop immunitypty, regulating blood flow amount, atherosclerosis, anti-inflammation, clearing heat and detoxicating, defaecation diuresis dry, and promote liver metabolism, the growth of anti-cancer Tumor suppression etc.The flower of Camellia nitidissima is golden yellow, dazzling brilliant, is coated with coating of wax seemingly, sparkling and crystal-clear and glossy, seemingly has translucent sense, has high ornamental value, have the laudatory title of " tea race queen ".Because Camellia nitidissima has very high medical value and ornamental value, the market demand increases severely in recent years, and price constantly rises, and economic benefit is fabulous.Therefore, what study Camellia nitidissima propagation technique is focus in recent years.
Camellia nitidissima sapling multiplication technology is mainly based on seminal propagation and cottage propagation.Seminal propagation method and sexual propagation method, utilize male and female to be pollinated exactly intersect and form seed to raise up seed, the advantage of seminal propagation once sows to obtain a large amount of nursery stock, seed collection, storage, convenient transportation, seedling growth is vigorous, strong stress resistance, easily tames.But there is following defect in existing Camellia nitidissima seminal propagation: (1) Camellia nitidissima seed resource is in short supply, expensive, batch capture difficulty; (2) germination time is long, is generally 30-50 days; (3) percentage of seedgermination is low, only reaches about 80% etc.Namely cottage propagation gets a part for plant nutrition organ, inserts in loose wetting soil or fine sand, utilizes its regeneration capacity, make it to take root and branch out, become new plant, its existing problem is: (1) cottage propagation survival rate is low, only reaches about 40%; (2) rootage duration reaches two months; (3) cutting resource scarcity, batch breeds difficulty.Current Camellia nitidissima propagation technique Problems existing seriously hinders the large-scale production of Camellia nitidissima, thus cannot meet the demand of market to Camellia nitidissima, and must set up can the method for a large amount of, Fast-propagation Camellia nitidissima seedling.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for current Camellia nitidissima seminal propagation technology Problems existing, the seed propagation method that a kind of cycle of germinateing is short, germination rate is high, simple to operate, with low cost is provided, extensive, the industrialization breeding of Camellia nitidissima can be realized fast, solve Camellia nitidissima plant resources problem in short supply and expensive.
In order to realize above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of Camellia nitidissima seed method for quickly breeding, comprises the following steps:
1. to gather Camellia nitidissima ripening fruits, dry in the shade and take out seed after capsule cracking, then screen grain large, full, without the seed of damage by disease and insect, the seed screened is put into the 50% carbendazol wettable powder soaking disinfection 20-30min that concentration is 0.3%, is filtered dry;
2., with the Camellia nitidissima seed 24-36h that 35-40 DEG C of emerge in worm water disinfects, be filtered dry;
3. select 30-50 order perlite as sprouting matrix, in the baking oven of 150-160 DEG C, heat 15-20min, cool, add clear water and make to soak, the perlite that must handle well;
4. be layered on by the perlite handled well in the porose chest in bottom, thickness is 3-5cm, is evenly sprinkling upon above perlite by soaked Camellia nitidissima seed, repaves the thick perlite handled well of one deck 2-3cm;
5. the infrared heat-insulating lamp of the chest of step 4 is irradiated 12-24h/ days, control temperature, at 24-26 DEG C, is placed in 24-26 DEG C of environment remaining time every day and carries out vernalization, water every day 1 time.
The above Camellia nitidissima seed method for quickly breeding, described infrared heat-insulating lamp can be the heat-insulating lamp that can send near infrared ray [wavelength is between (0.75-1) ~ (2.5-3) μm], middle infrared (Mid-IR) [wavelength is between (2.5-3) ~ (25-40) μm] or far infrared [wavelength is (25-40) ~ l000 μm], preferred far infrared thermal insulation lamp.
The above infrared heat-insulating lamp preferably can the heat-insulating lamp of A.T.C, when temperature reaches setting, automatically closes infrared heat-insulating lamp, when temperature is lower than setting, automatically opens infrared heat-insulating lamp.
The above 30-50 order perlite refers to by 30 mesh standard sieves, not by the perlite of 50 mesh standard sieves.
For saving space, cost, Camellia nitidissima seed can place layer 2-3, namely the above step 4 is: be layered on bottom chest by the perlite handled well, perlitic thickness is 3-4cm, soaked Camellia nitidissima seed is evenly sprinkling upon above perlite, repave the thick perlite handled well of one deck 2-3cm and cover seed, layer 2-3 so repeatedly, the thick perlite handled well of paving one deck 2-3cm above of the superiors' seed.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect that the present invention obtains is:
1. the inventive method vernalization 15-20 days seed can sprout; within 30 days, germination rate can reach 95%; germination is fast, germination rate is high, simple to operate, cost is low; solve Camellia nitidissima seed propagation method Problems existing in the past; for Camellia nitidissima scale, industrialization plantation provide Reliable guarantee, the problems such as Camellia nitidissima plant resources is in short supply and expensive can be solved.
2. the infrared heat-insulating lamp of the inventive method employing, fully electric energy can be converted to infrared rays, infrared rays has stronger radiant force and penetration, has significant temperature control effect and resonance effects, can produce with the hydrone of Camellia nitidissima seed tissue cell and resonate, effectively promote seed sprouting growth.
3. the inventive method selects 30-50 order perlite as sprouting matrix, compared with river sand, sandy soil, vermiculite etc., has better ventilative and water penetration, can provide sufficient oxygen, not perishable seed for seed sprouting; Perlite also has good heat insulation function, can reduce the temperature difference at daytime and night, accelerates seed sprouting.
4. the inventive method operation is simple, with low cost, as there is no booth and air-conditioned room, also rapidly and efficiently vernalization can be completed with infrared heat-insulating lamp, the most multipotency of this method is placed 3 layers of Camellia nitidissima seed and is carried out vernalization in a chest, making full use of resource, is a kind of method being particularly suitable for the extensive ectogenesis Camellia nitidissima of peasant.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further described, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited only to embodiment.Test Camellia nitidissima fruit harvesting used in Nanning.
One, Camellia nitidissima seed method for quickly breeding condition is investigated
1. the different investigation of sprouting matrix and sprouting matrix particle diameter.
Investigate perlite, river sand, sandy soil and vermiculite four kinds of different substrates in test to the impact of Camellia nitidissima seed germination, be grouped as follows:
A group: perlite is crossed 30 mesh standard sieves, gets the perlite by 30 mesh standard sieves, after 50 mesh standard sieves, get not by the perlite of 50 mesh standard sieves as matrix.
B group: river sand is crossed 30 mesh standard sieves, gets the river sand by 30 mesh standard sieves, after 50 mesh standard sieves, get not by the river sand of 50 mesh standard sieves as matrix.
C group: sandy soil are crossed 30 mesh standard sieves, gets the sandy soil by 30 mesh standard sieves, after 50 mesh standard sieves, get not by the sandy soil of 50 mesh standard sieves as matrix.
D group: vermiculite is crossed 30 mesh standard sieves, gets the vermiculite by 30 mesh standard sieves, after 50 mesh standard sieves, get not by the vermiculite of 50 mesh standard sieves as matrix.
E group: perlite is crossed 20 mesh standard sieves, gets the perlite by 20 mesh standard sieves, after 30 mesh standard sieves, get not by the perlite of 30 mesh standard sieves as matrix.
F group: perlite is crossed 50 mesh standard sieves, gets the perlite by 50 mesh standard sieves, after 70 mesh standard sieves, get not by the perlite of 70 mesh standard sieves as matrix.
By above-mentioned sprouting matrix, adopt and test with the following method: (1) gathers Camellia nitidissima ripening fruits, dry in the shade until capsule cracking after take out seed, screen again grain large, full, without the seed of damage by disease and insect, the seed screened is put into the 50% carbendazol wettable powder soaking disinfection 20min that concentration is 0.3%, be filtered dry; (2) with the Camellia nitidissima seed 30h that 35 DEG C of emerge in worm water disinfect, be filtered dry; (3) get the sprouting matrix of above-mentioned grouping, in the baking oven of 150 DEG C, heat 20min, cool, add clear water and make to soak, the sprouting matrix that must handle well; (4) matrix handled well be layered in the porose chest in bottom, the thickness of matrix is 4cm, is evenly sprinkling upon above matrix by soaked Camellia nitidissima seed, repaves the thick matrix handled well of one deck 2cm; (5) chest of step (4) is placed in transparent greenhouse and carries out vernalization, use normal solar light irradiation daytime, control temperature is at 25 DEG C, and irradiate 12h/ days with infrared heat-insulating lamp in the evening, and control temperature, at 25 DEG C, waters 1 time every day.Often organize and parallelly carry out 3 tests, the results detailed in Table 1.
Table 1 difference sprouts matrix to the impact of Camellia nitidissima germination rate
| Group | Beginning germinating time (my god) | 30 days average germination percentage (%) |
| A | 16 | 93 |
| B | 23 | 85 |
| C | 24 | 83 |
| D | 21 | 88 |
| E | 22 | 87 |
| F | 17 | 91 |
Above-mentioned result of the test shows: different substrates is comparatively large on the impact of Camellia nitidissima seed germination, after 30 days Camellia nitidissima percentage of seedgermination the highest and start germinating time the shortest be perlite.Perlite particle diameter also has larger impact to Camellia nitidissima seed germination, granularity is too thin, gas permeability is bad, granularity is too thick, moisture capacity is bad, and Camellia nitidissima seed germination needs good gas permeability and water penetration, but particle diameter is too thick, and moisture capacity is too poor is also unfavorable for its seed germination, therefore, in Camellia nitidissima seed seedling-raising process, better effect can be obtained with 30-50 order perlite as sprouting matrix.
2. illumination is investigated.
Investigate different illumination conditions in test to the impact of Camellia nitidissima seed germination, be grouped as follows:
A group: do not have illumination, chest is placed in dark place control temperature.
B group: be placed in control temperature in transparent greenhouse, daytime normal solar light irradiation.
C group: be placed in control temperature in transparent greenhouse, daytime normal solar light irradiation, night incandescent lamp irradiate 12h/ days.
D group: be placed in control temperature in transparent greenhouse, daytime normal solar light irradiation, night turns off air-conditioning, with far infrared thermal insulation light irradiation insulation 12h/ days.
E group: with far infrared thermal insulation light irradiation insulation 24h/ days.
Adopt and test with the following method: (1) gathers Camellia nitidissima ripening fruits, dry in the shade until capsule cracking after take out seed, screen again grain large, full, without the seed of damage by disease and insect, the seed screened is put into the 50% carbendazol wettable powder soaking disinfection 30min that concentration is 0.3%, be filtered dry; (2) with the Camellia nitidissima seed 24h that 40 DEG C of emerge in worm water disinfect, be filtered dry; (3 get 30-50 order perlite, heat 15min, cool in the baking oven of 160 DEG C, add clear water and make to soak, the perlite that must handle well; (4) be layered on by the perlite handled well in the porose chest in bottom, perlitic thickness is 3cm, is evenly sprinkling upon above perlite by soaked Camellia nitidissima seed, repaves the thick perlite handled well of one deck 2cm; (5) chest of step (4) is placed in above-mentioned different illumination condition and carries out vernalization, control temperature, at 26 DEG C, waters 1 time every day.Often organize and parallelly carry out 3 tests, the results detailed in Table 2.
Table 2 different illumination conditions is on the impact of Camellia nitidissima germination rate
| Group | Beginning germinating time (my god) | 30 days average germination percentage (%) |
| a | 28 | 0 |
| b | 23 | 79 |
| c | 21 | 82 |
| d | 18 | 91 |
| e | 17 | 94 |
Above-mentioned result of the test shows, illumination condition is comparatively large on the impact of Camellia nitidissima seed germination, and suitable illumination condition can promote seed germination, as d, e group, adopts infrared heat-insulating lamp to irradiate, and Camellia nitidissima seed starts the time of germination the earliest, and after 30 days, germination rate is the highest.
Two, Camellia nitidissima seed method for quickly breeding
Embodiment 1
A kind of Camellia nitidissima seed method for quickly breeding, comprises the following steps:
1. to gather Camellia nitidissima ripening fruits, dry in the shade and take out seed after capsule cracking, with adopting with broadcasting, screening grain is large, full, without the seed of damage by disease and insect, the seed screened put into the 50% carbendazol wettable powder soaking disinfection 30min that concentration is 0.3%, be filtered dry;
2., with the Camellia nitidissima seed 36h that 35 DEG C of emerge in worm water disinfect, be filtered dry;
3. get 30-50 order perlite, in the baking oven of 150 DEG C, heat 20min, cool, add clear water and make to soak, the perlite that must handle well;
4. be layered on by the perlite handled well in the porose chest in bottom, perlitic thickness is 3cm, is evenly sprinkling upon above perlite by soaked Camellia nitidissima seed, repaves the thick perlite handled well of one deck 2cm;
5. the chest of step 4 is placed in transparent greenhouse, daytime normal solar light irradiation, control temperature 25 DEG C, night with near-infrared heat-insulating lamp irradiate insulation 12h/ days, control temperature 25 DEG C, waters 1 every day.17th day seed starts to germinate, and within 30 days, germination rate reaches 91%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of Camellia nitidissima seed method for quickly breeding, comprises the following steps:
1. to gather Camellia nitidissima ripening fruits, dry in the shade and take out seed after capsule cracking, with adopting with broadcasting, screening grain is large, full, without the seed of damage by disease and insect, the seed screened put into the 50% carbendazol wettable powder soaking disinfection 30min that concentration is 0.3%, be filtered dry;
2., with the Camellia nitidissima seed 24h that 40 DEG C of emerge in worm water disinfect, be filtered dry;
3. get 30-50 order perlite, in the baking oven of 150 DEG C, heat 20min, cool, add clear water and make to soak, the perlite that must handle well;
4. be layered on by the perlite handled well in the porose chest in bottom, perlitic thickness is 4cm, is evenly sprinkling upon above perlite by soaked Camellia nitidissima seed, repaves the thick perlite handled well of one deck 2cm;
5. be placed in cubicle by the chest of step 4, in using, infrared heat-insulating lamp irradiates 24h/ days, and control temperature, at 24 DEG C, waters 1 time every day.Within 19th day, seed starts to sprout, and within 30 days, germination rate reaches 89%.
Embodiment 3
A kind of Camellia nitidissima seed method for quickly breeding, comprises the following steps:
1. to gather Camellia nitidissima ripening fruits, dry in the shade and take out seed after capsule cracking, with adopting with broadcasting, screening grain is large, full, without the seed of damage by disease and insect, the seed screened put into the 50% carbendazol wettable powder soaking disinfection 20min that concentration is 0.3%, be filtered dry;
2., with the Camellia nitidissima seed 30h that 35 DEG C of emerge in worm water disinfect, be filtered dry;
3. get 30-50 order perlite, in the baking oven of 160 DEG C, heat 15min, cool, add clear water and make to soak, the perlite that must handle well;
4. be layered on by the perlite handled well in the porose chest in bottom, perlitic thickness is 5cm, is evenly sprinkling upon above perlite by soaked Camellia nitidissima seed, repaves the thick perlite handled well of one deck 3cm;
5. be placed in air-conditioned room by step 4 chest, control temperature 25 DEG C, night turns off air-conditioning, and with far infrared thermal insulation light irradiation insulation 18h/ days, control temperature 25 DEG C, waters 1 every day.19th day seed starts to germinate, and within 30 days, germination rate reaches 90%.
Embodiment 4
A kind of Camellia nitidissima seed method for quickly breeding, comprises the following steps:
1. to gather Camellia nitidissima ripening fruits, dry in the shade and take out seed after capsule cracking, with adopting with broadcasting, screening grain is large, full, without the seed of damage by disease and insect, the seed screened put into the 50% carbendazol wettable powder soaking disinfection 20min that concentration is 0.3%, be filtered dry;
2., with the Camellia nitidissima seed 30h that 35 DEG C of emerge in worm water disinfect, be filtered dry;
3. get 30-50 order perlite, in the baking oven of 150 DEG C, heat 20min, cool, add clear water and make to soak, the perlite that must handle well;
4. be layered on by the perlite handled well in the porose chest in bottom, perlitic thickness is 4cm, is evenly sprinkling upon above perlite by soaked Camellia nitidissima seed, repaves the thick perlite handled well of one deck 2cm;
5. fill above seed-bearing chest and cover with airtight case, the superiors 60cm place, perlitic top far infrared thermal insulation light irradiation insulation 24h/ days, control temperature 26 DEG C, waters 1 every day.16th day seed starts to germinate, and within 30 days, germination rate reaches 95%.
Embodiment 5
A kind of Camellia nitidissima seed method for quickly breeding, comprises the following steps:
1. to gather Camellia nitidissima ripening fruits, dry in the shade and take out seed after capsule cracking, with adopting with broadcasting, screening grain is large, full, without the seed of damage by disease and insect, the seed screened put into the 50% carbendazol wettable powder soaking disinfection 20min that concentration is 0.3%, be filtered dry;
2., with the Camellia nitidissima seed 24h that 40 DEG C of emerge in worm water disinfect, be filtered dry;
3. get 30-50 order perlite, in the baking oven of 150 DEG C, heat 20min, cool, add clear water and make to soak, the perlite that must handle well;
4. be layered on bottom chest by the perlite handled well, perlitic thickness is 4cm, is evenly sprinkling upon above perlite by soaked Camellia nitidissima seed, repaves the thick perlite handled well of one deck 2cm and covers seed, 2 layers so repeatedly;
5. be placed in cubicle by chest, with far infrared thermal insulation light irradiation 24h/ days, control temperature, at 26 DEG C, waters 1 time every day.15th day seed starts to germinate, and within 30 days, germination rate reaches 92%.
Above content is in conjunction with concrete preferred embodiment further description made for the present invention, can not assert that specific embodiment of the invention is confined to these explanations.For general technical staff of the technical field of the invention; make some equivalent alternative or obvious modification without departing from the inventive concept of the premise; and performance or purposes identical, all should be considered as belonging to the scope of patent protection that the present invention is determined by submitted to claims.
Claims (2)
1. a Camellia nitidissima seed method for quickly breeding, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) to gather Camellia nitidissima ripening fruits, dry in the shade until capsule cracking after take out seed, screen again grain large, full, without the seed of damage by disease and insect, the seed screened is put into the 50% carbendazol wettable powder soaking disinfection 20-30min that concentration is 0.3%, is filtered dry;
(2) with the Camellia nitidissima seed 24-36h that 35-40 DEG C of emerge in worm water disinfects, be filtered dry;
(3) select 30-50 order perlite as sprouting matrix, in the baking oven of 150-160 DEG C, heat 15-20min, cool, add clear water and make to soak, the perlite that must handle well;
(4) be layered on by the perlite handled well in the porose chest in bottom, thickness is 3-5cm, is evenly sprinkling upon above perlite by soaked Camellia nitidissima seed, repaves the thick perlite handled well of one deck 2-3cm;
(5) the infrared heat-insulating lamp of the chest of step (4) is irradiated 12-24h/ days, control temperature, at 24-26 DEG C, is placed in 24-26 DEG C of environment remaining time every day and carries out vernalization, water every day 1 time.
2. Camellia nitidissima seed method for quickly breeding according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described infrared heat-insulating lamp is far infrared thermal insulation lamp.
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| CN106489741A (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2017-03-15 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | A kind of preparation method of Camellia nitidissima aseptic explant |
| CN113179703A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-07-30 | 四川省中医药科学院 | Germination accelerating treatment method for stemona tuberosa seeds |
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| CN113179703A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-07-30 | 四川省中医药科学院 | Germination accelerating treatment method for stemona tuberosa seeds |
| CN113179703B (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2022-05-31 | 四川省中医药科学院 | Stemona tuberosa seed germination accelerating treatment method |
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