CN105252012B - Device and method for continuously manufacturing metal powder through multi-electrode plasma arcs - Google Patents
Device and method for continuously manufacturing metal powder through multi-electrode plasma arcs Download PDFInfo
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- CN105252012B CN105252012B CN201510795504.1A CN201510795504A CN105252012B CN 105252012 B CN105252012 B CN 105252012B CN 201510795504 A CN201510795504 A CN 201510795504A CN 105252012 B CN105252012 B CN 105252012B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and method for continuously manufacturing metal powder through multi-electrode plasma arcs. The device and method are characterized in that raw material rods enter a plasma arc generator electrode inner cavity of a heating area through a feeding opening in a feeding device; three electrodes of the plasma arcs are used for evaporating the metal raw material rods into fogging plasma bodies, namely, rods, wires or ceramic rods with the same powder materials are manufactured, wherein the raw material rods are located in the center, and the arcs are located on the periphery; and inert gas flow is used for blowing fogging metal fog into a collecting device, and the fogging metal fog is rapidly cooled and solidifies into powder along with rapid reduction of the temperature and the air pressure. Convenience is brought to mechanized production, and the powder manufacturing cost is greatly reduced. Through adjustment of parameters such as the plasma arc output heat and the protection gas pressure, the powder granularity can range from 0.1 micrometer to 100 micrometers. One-time molding of powder manufacturing is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of multi-electrode plasma arc continuously manufactures the device and method of metal dust, for increasing material manufacturing
Technology（3D printing）Metal used and the manufacture method of ceramic powder, particularly high-melting-point refractory metal and multi-element alloyed powder
Body.
Background technology
With increases material manufacturing technology（3D printing）Rapid rising, has wide application prospects in space flight, aviation and energy field,
In complex structural member and functionally gradient material (FGM) manufacture, there is the advantage that classical production process is incomparable.Wherein, powder used by increasing material manufacturing
Body material is the key of this technology application.
Increases material manufacturing technology material therefor is concentrated mainly at present：Ti-Ni alloy, iron and steel, pottery, magnadure and cobalt, rhenium
Etc. Rare Metals Materials.
In the past, according to the next powder manufacture method of powder metallurgy development it is impossible to meet increasing material manufacturing needs well.Particle
High ball-type degree, granularity, size distribution, pine dress ratio, oxygen-containing and inclusion content and yield rate all unstable.Although in existing method,
Physics powder method（Aerosolization, water atomization, vacuum atomizing, plasma rotating electrode and the atomization of radio frequency plasma torch）And chemistry side
The powder of method manufacture makes moderate progress, but effectively can not meet above-mentioned whole requirement simultaneously.And manufacturing cost is high, powder type list processed
One, materials with high melting point is difficult to prove effective.Although known radio frequency plasma method effectiveness comparison is preferable, at least need
Manufacture again on the basis of the powder of processing refinement, and can not once be directly prepared into alloying powder.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method that multi-electrode plasma arc continuously manufactures metal dust, it is utilization etc.
Ionic arc adopts each of three electrodes, or is used instead according to different materials and nebulize plasma-based come evaporated metal fuel rod without form electrode
Body, powder body material composition identical bar as to be produced, silk material, or ceramic rod, at center, electric arc is around for fuel rod.
Then using inert gas flow, the pyrosol of atomization is blown into collection device, becomes with temperature cooled and solidified rapid with air pressure rapid drawdown
Powder；It is easy to mechanization production, substantially reduce powder manufacturing cost.In this course, pyrosol drops in draught head and surface
Naturally it expand into spheroid, powder rounding property is good, even particle size distribution, oxygen-containing and inclusion content are extremely low under tension force effect.And powder
Granularity can require according to powder, by the parameter adjustment such as plasma arc quantity of heat given up and protective gas air pressure.Subsequently carry out powder
Body is recycled and packaged.Powder granularity can be between 0.1 ~ 100 μm.Realize powder and manufacture one-shot forming.
Another object of the present invention is to providing a kind of multi-electrode plasma arc continuously to manufacture the device of metal dust, pass through
Special fixture and propulsion plant continuously supply bar, make equipment continuously powder processed, and it adopts modular mode to assemble, wherein, etc.
Ion generator（Number of electrodes, power supply connected mode）And nozzle（Dilatation cavity length, exit angle）According to made material character
（Fusing point, boiling point, saturated vapor pressure and free energy etc.）, can be calculated by Engineering Thermophysics and Material Thermodynamics principle, then
Select, rational in infrastructure, easy to operate.
The technical scheme is that and be achieved in that：A kind of multi-electrode plasma arc continuously manufactures the dress of metal dust
Put, entered by flash chamber nozzle, nozzle water cooling import, the outlet of nozzle water cooling, plasma arc generator electrode, protective gas
Mouth, pushing ram, raw material rod clamp composition it is characterised in that：Flash chamber nozzle for high temperature ceramic material, nozzle water cooling is entered
Mouth is located at the lower end of flash chamber nozzle, and the outlet of nozzle water cooling is located at the upper end of flash chamber nozzle, plasma arc generator electrode
It is arranged in flash chamber nozzle, is three negative electrodes that sagittal plane is mutually hexagonal angle, protective gas import adopts argon gas or other are lazy
Property protective gas be arranged in plasma arc generator electrode rear side, fuel rod pass through pay-off on charging aperture enter the thermal treatment zone
Plasma arc generator electrode inner chamber, pay-off is made up of two groups of mutually isostructural propellers, wherein angle of rake four
Pushing ram is two threaded leading screws and two feed rods are flange holes with front end fixed flange and rear end fixed flange
The sleeve of surrounding welding is fixedly connected, and wherein leading screw and sleeve splicing position embed two pieces of bearings, and outside is thrust bearing, front
Contact Returning switch is added, raw material rod clamp front end is fixed on the method for movement by bearing near the enterprising material mouth of fixed flange of end
In blue centre bore, raw material rod clamp is 8 lobe jaw clips, front end fixed flange, rear end fixed flange and motion ring flange
On all have four holes, two threaded holes, two not threaded holes, wherein two threaded leading screws are with ring flange even
Connect and move reciprocatingly, two feed rods make motion ring flange move over as supporting skid rail.
Described flash chamber outer nozzle wall has alumina silicate heat-preservation cotton interlayer, the pottery mud sealing of interlayer outer wrapping.
Ring flange on described propeller be 6, including two groups of front end fixed flanges, rear end fixed flange and
Motion ring flange, is fixed with raw material rod clamp in two groups of motion flange plate bearings.
The rear end fixed flange of first group in described propeller and second group of front end fixed flange pass through welding
Mode connects.
The exit angle of described flash chamber nozzle is 5 ° 75 °, exports latter end internal diameter D1At 5 millimeters --- 190 millimeters,
Arc radius r, at 5 millimeters 130 millimeters, exports stage casing D2At 3 millimeters 150 millimeters, arc radius R is in 25 millimeter of 550 milli
Rice, exports leading portion D3At 20 millimeters 900 millimeters, nozzle total length is at 50 millimeters 1500 millimeters.
The card of described front end flange disk is embedded in motor-driven guide screw movement.
The card of described motion ring flange is embedded in motor-driven fuel rod clamp movement.
Described plasma arc generator electrode is three groups, is untransferable arc, and wherein the angle of two arrays of electrodes is below
115 °, another two groups of mutual angles are 122.5 °.
A kind of multi-electrode plasma arc continuously manufactures the method for metal dust it is characterised in that comprising the following steps that：1）, raw
It is filled with inert gas in protective gas import first during product, empties flash chamber nozzle interior air, subsequent start-up plasma arc is sent out
Raw device electrode, the general output current scope that adjusts is 20 amperes to 300 amperes, and 5000 DEG C of plasma arc generator electrode temperature is extremely
30000℃；
2）, complete step 1 after, start the angle of rake motion flange of second group of pay-off and raw material rod clamp, fuel rod
Fixture clamping fuel rod forward end is advanced, and tip will be first polished into coniform by first fuel rod of every task；
3）, treat that second group of raw material rod clamp clamping fuel rod touches second group of propeller front end mounting flange center hole
After neighbouring contact Returning switch, at this moment the raw material rod clamp on first group of angle of rake motion ring flange starts to start, and takes over
Clamping fuel rod starts to advance, simultaneously on the motor-driven motion ring flange on second group of angle of rake front end fixed flange
Raw material rod clamp return-to-home position；
4）, treat that first group of raw material rod clamp clamping fuel rod touches first group of propeller front end mounting flange center hole
After neighbouring contact Returning switch, same principle is returned by motor-driven, and that goes to meet the second set drive to be again sent into is former
Charge bar, first group of fuel rod is connected by friction welding (FW) with second group of fuel rod head and the tail end, and friction welding (FW) power is former by first group
Charge bar fixture rotates offer jointly with second group of raw material rod clamp being in the state of closing when returning；
5）, every fuel rod all move back and forth by this method and complete to be fed, if using welding wire, save friction welding (FW)
Connect first group of fuel rod and second group of fuel rod step,
6）, when rotation be sent into fuel rod enter plasma arc generator electrode district when, fuel rod is in the plasma of cincture
Arc central area, through the instantaneous heating evaporation of high-temperature plasma arc, the plasma-based that nebulizes body, is blown into along with protective gas import
Inert gas pour flash chamber nozzle, form quick-fried spray；
7）, reach temporary transient thermodynamic equilibrium state in flash chamber nozzle, surface free energy become to making droplet particle be in ball
Shape, with the collecting chamber being blown into flash chamber nozzle exit front end followed by inert gas；
8）, collect chamber outer wall and adopt clad type recirculated water or liquid nitrogen circulating cooling, maintain the temperature at -5 DEG C to 5 DEG C, due to
Environment temperature rapid drawdown, air pressure, also due to bernoulli principle, have simultaneously formed a draught head, and ambient pressure is less than pressure inside droplet
Power, further forces droplet particle expansion spherical in shape, and the powder that false set is obtained.
9）, during shutdown, first stop feed, then by plasma arc generator electrode blow-out, finally stop logical indifferent gas again
Body, this is sequentially also applied for equipment downtime maintenance situation.
The positive effect of the present invention is easy for mechanization production, substantially reduces powder manufacturing cost.In this course, gold
Belong to droplet naturally expand into spheroid under draught head and surface tension effects, powder rounding property is good, even particle size distribution, oxygen-containing and
Inclusion content is extremely low.And powder granularity can require according to powder, by plasma arc quantity of heat given up and protective gas air pressure etc.
Parameter adjustment.Subsequently carry out powder to be recycled and packaged.Powder granularity can be between 0.1 ~ 100 μm.Realize powder and manufacture one-shot forming.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is propeller ring flange side profile.
Fig. 3 is another sectional side view of propeller ring flange.
Fig. 4 is the flash chamber nozzle arrangements schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is schematic diagram during second group of propeller work of pay-off of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is first group of propeller of pay-off of the present invention and the schematic diagram of second group of propeller friction feeding.
Fig. 7 is that second group of propeller of pay-off of the present invention continues the schematic diagram of material.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples：As Fig. 1 -- shown in 4, a kind of multi-electrode etc.
Ion arc continuously manufactures the device of metal dust, by flash chamber nozzle 1, nozzle water cooling import 2, nozzle water cooling outlet 16,
Plasma arc generator electrode 3, protective gas import 4, contact Returning switch 5, raw material rod clamp 7, fuel rod clamp ends
Teeth 8, motion ring flange 9, front end fixed flange 10, rear end fixed flange 15, leading screw 11, feed rod 12, fixture motor
13rd, leading screw motor 14 form it is characterised in that：Flash chamber nozzle 1 is high temperature ceramic material, and nozzle water cooling import 2 sets
In the lower end of flash chamber nozzle 1, nozzle water cooling outlet 16 is located at the upper end of flash chamber nozzle 1, plasma arc generator electrode 3
Be arranged in flash chamber nozzle 1, be each of three electrodes that sagittal plane is mutually hexagonal angle, protective gas import 4 adopt argon gas or other
Inert protective gas are arranged in electrode rear side, and the charging hole that fuel rod 6 passes through on pay-off enters the thermal treatment zone II plasma arc
The inner chamber of generator electrode 3, pay-off III is made up of two groups of mutually isostructural propellers, wherein angle of rake four pushing rams
It is the flange with front end fixed flange 10 and rear end fixed flange 15 for two threaded leading screws 11 and two feed rods 12
Around hole, the sleeve of welding is fixedly connected, and wherein leading screw 11 and sleeve splicing position embed two pieces of bearings, and outside is thrust bearing,
Add contact Returning switch 5 near the enterprising material mouth of front end fixed flange 10, raw material rod clamp 7 front end is fixed by bearing
In motion ring flange 9 centre bore, raw material rod clamp 7 is 8 lobe jaw clips, front end fixed flange 10, rear end mounting flange
Two threaded holes, two not threaded holes, wherein two threaded leading screws are all had on disk 15 and motion ring flange 9
11 are connected with ring flange and move reciprocatingly, and two feed rods 12 make motion ring flange move over as supporting skid rail.
Described flash chamber nozzle 1 outer wall has alumina silicate heat-preservation cotton interlayer, the pottery mud sealing of interlayer outer wrapping.
Ring flange on described propeller is 6, including two groups of front end fixed flanges 10, rear end fixed flange
15 and motion ring flange 9, raw material rod clamp 7 is fixed with the bearing of two groups of motion ring flanges 9.
The rear end fixed flange 15 of first group in described propeller is passed through with second group of front end fixed flange 10 '
Welding manner connects.
The exit angle of described flash chamber nozzle 1 is 5 ° 75 °, exports latter end internal diameter D1At 5 millimeters --- 190 millimeters,
Arc radius r, at 5 millimeters 130 millimeters, exports stage casing D2At 3 millimeters 150 millimeters, arc radius R is in 25 millimeter of 550 milli
Rice, exports leading portion D3At 20 millimeters 900 millimeters, nozzle total length is at 50 millimeters 1500 millimeters.
The card of described front end flange disk 10 is embedded in motor 13 and drives guide screw movement.
The card of described motion ring flange 9 is embedded in motor 14 and drives raw material by fuel rod clamp ends teeth 8
Rod clamp moves.
Described plasma arc generator electrode 3 is three groups, is untransferable arc, and wherein the angle of two arrays of electrodes is below
115 °, another two groups of mutual angles are 122.5 °.
Embodiment 1
It is filled with inert gas in protective gas import 4 first, in emptying flash chamber nozzle 1 when as illustrated in figs. 5-7,1, producing
Portion's air, subsequent start-up plasma arc generator electrode 3, plasma arc generator electrode 3 is untransferable arc, totally three groups, wherein
The angle of two arrays of electrodes is 115 ° below, and another two groups of mutual angles are 122.5 °, and the general output current scope that adjusts is 20 amperes,
8000 DEG C of plasma arc generator electrode 3 temperature；The exit angle of flash chamber nozzle 1 is 5 °, exports latter end internal diameter D1In 15 millis
Rice, arc radius r, at 10 millimeters, exports stage casing D2At 10 millimeters, arc radius R, at 50 millimeters, exports leading portion D3At 100 millimeters,
Nozzle total length is at 180 millimeters.
2nd, after completing step 1, second group of angle of rake motion ring flange 9 ' and raw material rod clamp in pay-off III are started
7 ', raw material rod clamp 7 ' clamping fuel rod 6 ' forward end is advanced, and tip will be first polished into by first fuel rod of every task
Coniform；
3rd, parameter used by the present embodiment is suitable for material to be processed, and that is, fuel rod 6 diameter, can be by propulsion dress below 5 millimeters
Put and be replaced with welding plate-like welding wire, dissolve pole gas shielded arc welding wire feeder using general,
Treat that second group of raw material rod clamp folder 7 ' is held fuel rod 6 ' and touched in second group of propeller front end fixed flange 10 '
After contact Returning switch 5 ' near heart hole, at this moment the raw material rod clamp 7 on first group of angle of rake motion ring flange 9 starts to open
Dynamic, take over clamping fuel rod 6 and start to advance, the motor 15 on second group of angle of rake front end fixed flange 10 ' drives simultaneously
Raw material rod clamp 7 ' return-to-home position on dynamic second group of motion ring flange 9 '；
4th, treat that first group of raw material rod clamp 7 clamping fuel rod 6 touches in first group of propeller front end fixed flange 10
After contact Returning switch 5 near heart hole, same principle drives return by motor 15, goes to meet the second set drive again to send
The fuel rod 6 ' entering, first group of fuel rod 6 is connected by friction welding (FW) with second group of fuel rod 6 ' head and the tail end, friction welding (FW) power by
First group of raw material rod clamp 7 is provided with the common rotation of second group of raw material rod clamp 7 ' being in the state of closing when returning；
5th, every fuel rod 6 all moves back and forth by this method and completes to be fed, if using welding wire, saves friction welding (FW)
Connect first group of fuel rod 6 and second group of fuel rod 6 ' step,
6th, when the fuel rod 6 that rotation is sent into enters plasma arc generator electrode 3, fuel rod 6 is in the plasma of cincture
Arc central area, through the instantaneous heating evaporation of high-temperature plasma arc, the plasma-based that nebulizes body, is blown into along with protective gas import
Inert gas pour flash chamber nozzle, form quick-fried spray；
7th, reach temporary transient thermodynamic equilibrium state in flash chamber nozzle 1, it is in ball that surface free energy becomes to making droplet particle
Shape, with the collecting chamber being blown into flash chamber nozzle 1 exit front end followed by inert gas；
8, collect chamber outer wall and adopt clad type recirculated water or liquid nitrogen circulating cooling, maintain the temperature at -5 DEG C, due to environment temperature
Degree rapid drawdown, air pressure, also due to bernoulli principle, have simultaneously formed a draught head, and ambient pressure is less than droplet internal pressure, and
Force droplet particle expansion spherical in shape further, and the powder that false set is obtained, because plasma arc is close to 10000 DEG C of environment
Temperature, with respect to there being the huge temperature difference in flash chamber, therefore has larger degree of supercooling Δ t；
9, during shutdown, first stop feed, then by plasma arc generator electrode blow-out, finally stop logical indifferent gas again
Body, this is sequentially also applied for equipment downtime maintenance situation.
Embodiment 2
It is filled with inert gas in protective gas import first when as illustrated in figs. 5-7,1, producing, empty flash chamber nozzle interior
Air, subsequent start-up plasma arc generator electrode, plasma arc generator electrode is totally three groups of untransferable arc, and its angle is
120 °, the general output current scope that adjusts is 100 amperes, 13000 DEG C of plasma arc generator electrode temperature；Flash chamber nozzle
Exit angle is 75 °, exports latter end internal diameter D1At 190 millimeters, arc radius r, at 130 millimeters, exports stage casing D2At 50 millimeters, circle
Arc radius R, at 350 millimeters, export leading portion D3At 900 millimeters, nozzle total length is at 1500 millimeters.
2nd, after completing step 1, the angle of rake motion flange of second group of pay-off and raw material rod clamp are started, fuel rod presss from both sides
Tool clamping fuel rod 6 forward end is advanced, and tip will be first polished into coniform by first fuel rod of every task；
3rd, treat second group of raw material rod clamp clamping fuel rod 6, a size of 10 millimeters of fuel rod, touch second group of propeller
After contact Returning switch near the mounting flange center hole of front end, the at this moment raw material on first group of angle of rake motion ring flange
Rod clamp starts to start, and takes over clamping fuel rod and starts to advance, the electricity on second group of angle of rake front end fixed flange simultaneously
Raw material rod clamp return-to-home position on motivation powered motion ring flange；
4th, treat that first group of raw material rod clamp clamping fuel rod 6 touches first group of propeller front end mounting flange center hole
After neighbouring contact Returning switch, same principle is returned by motor-driven, and that goes to meet the second set drive to be again sent into is former
Charge bar 6 ', first group of fuel rod 6 is connected by friction welding (FW) with second group of fuel rod 6 ' head and the tail end, and friction welding (FW) power is by first group
Raw material rod clamp be in second group of raw material rod clamp of the state of closing when returning offer be provided jointly；
5th, every fuel rod all moves back and forth by this method and completes to be fed；
6th, when the fuel rod 6 that rotation is sent into enters plasma arc generator electrode district, fuel rod 6 is in the plasma of cincture
Arc central area, through the instantaneous heating evaporation of high-temperature plasma arc, the plasma-based that nebulizes body, is blown into along with protective gas import
Inert gas pour flash chamber nozzle, form quick-fried spray；
7th, reach temporary transient thermodynamic equilibrium state in flash chamber nozzle, it is in ball that surface free energy becomes to making droplet particle
Shape, with the collecting chamber being blown into flash chamber nozzle exit front end followed by inert gas；
8, collect chamber outer wall and adopt clad type recirculated water or liquid nitrogen circulating cooling, maintain the temperature at 5 DEG C, due to environment temperature
Rapid drawdown, air pressure, also due to bernoulli principle, have simultaneously formed a draught head, and ambient pressure is less than droplet internal pressure, enters again
One step forces droplet particle expansion spherical in shape, and the powder that false set is obtained, because plasma arc gets over 10000 DEG C of environment temperatures
With respect to there being the huge temperature difference in flash chamber, therefore there is larger degree of supercooling Δ t；
9, during shutdown, first stop feed, then by plasma arc generator electrode blow-out, finally stop logical indifferent gas again
Body, this is sequentially also applied for equipment downtime maintenance situation.
Embodiment 3
It is filled with inert gas in protective gas import first when as illustrated in figs. 5-7,1, producing, empty flash chamber nozzle interior
Air, subsequent start-up plasma arc generator electrode, plasma arc generator electrode is totally three groups of untransferable arc, wherein following two
The angle of group electrode is 115 °, and another two groups of mutual angles are 122.5 °, and the general output current scope that adjusts is 300 amperes, wait from
30000 DEG C of subarc generator electrode temperature；The exit angle of flash chamber nozzle is 45 °, exports latter end internal diameter D1At 100 millimeters,
Arc radius r, at 100 millimeters, exports stage casing D2At 30 millimeters, arc radius R, at 150 millimeters, exports leading portion D3At 250 millimeters,
Nozzle total length is at 500 millimeters.
2nd, after completing step 1, the angle of rake motion flange of second group of pay-off and raw material rod clamp are started, fuel rod presss from both sides
Tool clamping fuel rod 6 forward end is advanced, and tip will be first polished into coniform by first fuel rod of every task；
3rd, treat that second group of raw material rod clamp clamping fuel rod 6 is 20 millimeters, touch second group of propeller front end fixation
After contact Returning switch near blue center hole, at this moment the raw material rod clamp on first group of angle of rake motion ring flange starts
Start, take over clamping fuel rod and start to advance, simultaneously the motor-driven fortune on second group of angle of rake front end fixed flange
Raw material rod clamp return-to-home position on dynamic ring flange；
4th, treat that first group of raw material rod clamp clamping fuel rod 6 touches first group of propeller front end mounting flange center hole
After neighbouring contact Returning switch, same principle is returned by motor-driven, and that goes to meet the second set drive to be again sent into is former
Charge bar 6 ', first group of fuel rod 6 is connected by friction welding (FW) with second group of fuel rod 6 ' head and the tail end, and friction welding (FW) power is by first group
Raw material rod clamp be in second group of raw material rod clamp of the state of closing when returning offer be provided jointly；
5th, every fuel rod all moves back and forth by this method and completes to be fed；
6th, when the fuel rod 6 that rotation is sent into enters plasma arc generator electrode district, fuel rod 6 is in the plasma of cincture
Arc central area, through the instantaneous heating evaporation of high-temperature plasma arc, the plasma-based that nebulizes body, is blown into along with protective gas import
Inert gas pour flash chamber nozzle, form quick-fried spray；
7th, reach temporary transient thermodynamic equilibrium state in flash chamber nozzle, it is in ball that surface free energy becomes to making droplet particle
Shape, with the collecting chamber being blown into flash chamber nozzle exit front end followed by inert gas；
8, collect chamber outer wall and adopt clad type recirculated water or liquid nitrogen circulating cooling, maintain the temperature at 2 DEG C, due to environment temperature
Rapid drawdown, air pressure, also due to bernoulli principle, have simultaneously formed a draught head, and ambient pressure is less than droplet internal pressure, enters again
One step forces droplet particle expansion spherical in shape, and the powder that false set is obtained, because plasma arc gets over 10000 DEG C of environment temperatures
With respect to there being the huge temperature difference in flash chamber, therefore there is larger degree of supercooling Δ t；
9, during shutdown, first stop feed, then by plasma arc generator electrode blow-out, finally stop logical indifferent gas again
Body, this is sequentially also applied for equipment downtime maintenance situation.
First, the fuel rod of powder processed is according to required powder type, and the market for industrial goods of selection is easy to the metal bought
Bar or wire rod（Including welding reality core bare wire）, ceramic material or self manufacture identical component round club-shaped material
Deng；The inert protective gas being blown into plasma arc, can select argon gas, nitrogen or helium by heat enthalpy value as needed,
And can freely adjust mixed proportion.
Second, plasma generator（Mainly number of electrodes, power supply connected mode）And nozzle（Mainly dilatation chamber is long
Degree, exit angle）Can be according to made material character（Fusing point, boiling point, saturated vapor pressure and free energy etc.）, by Engineering Thermophysics
Calculate with Material Thermodynamics principle, then pass through to adjust the choosing such as plasma arc quantity of heat given up and protective gas pneumatic parameter
Select.
3rd, in this course, according to bernoulli principle in physics（Kinetic energy+gravitional force+pressure potential=often
Number）, by improving exit medium velocity, artificially can manufacture instantaneous draught head in nozzle exit, make to be atomized by plasma arc
Particle internal pressure afterwards is more than external pressure, promotes its expansion；Again according to Material Thermodynamics knowledge, droplet in equilibrium conditions
The tension force on surface（It is referred to as Gibbs free energy in energetics category）Want to reach balance it is necessary to make free energy minimum energy（I.e. table
Area is minimum）, and spherical minimum with respect to other shapes surface area.Due to using untransferable arc ion generator, plasma electric
Pole cannot participate in evaporation.Therefore, institute's prepared material droplet expands globulate naturally, and powder rounding property is good, even particle size distribution, oxygen-containing
Extremely low with inclusion content, powder granularity can control on demand between 0.1 ~ 500 μm.Subsequently carry out powder recovery, realize powder manufacture
One-shot forming.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of multi-electrode plasma arc continuously manufactures the device of metal dust, including flash chamber nozzle, nozzle water cooling import,
The outlet of nozzle water cooling, plasma arc generator electrode, protective gas import, pushing ram, raw material rod clamp it is characterised in that：
Flash chamber nozzle is high temperature ceramic material, and nozzle water cooling import is located at the lower end of flash chamber nozzle, and nozzle water cooling exports
It is located at the upper end of flash chamber nozzle, plasma arc generator electrode is arranged in flash chamber nozzle, be that sagittal plane is mutually hexagonal angle
Three negative electrodes, protective gas import is arranged in after plasma arc generator electrode using argon gas or other inert protective gas
Side, fuel rod pass through pay-off on charging aperture enter the thermal treatment zone plasma arc generator electrode inner chamber, pay-off by
Two groups of mutually isostructural propeller compositions, wherein angle of rake four pushing rams are two threaded leading screws and two feed rods,
Four pushing rams are fixedly connected with the sleeve of welding around the flange hole of front end fixed flange and rear end fixed flange, wherein
Leading screw embeds two pieces of bearings with sleeve splicing position, and outside is thrust bearing, installs additional near the enterprising material mouth of front end fixed flange
There is contact Returning switch, raw material rod clamp front end is fixed in motion flange center hole by bearing, raw material rod clamp is 8 lobes
Jaw clip, front end fixed flange, rear end fixed flange and motion ring flange all have four holes, and two threaded
Hole, two not threaded holes, wherein two threaded leading screws are connected with ring flange and move reciprocatingly, two feed rods as
Support slideway makes motion ring flange move over.
2. a kind of multi-electrode plasma arc according to claim 1 continuously manufactures the device of metal dust, and its feature exists
There are alumina silicate heat-preservation cotton interlayer, the pottery mud sealing of interlayer outer wrapping in described flash chamber outer nozzle wall.
3. a kind of multi-electrode plasma arc according to claim 1 continuously manufactures the device of metal dust, and its feature exists
Ring flange on described propeller is 6, including two groups of front end fixed flanges, rear end fixed flange and motion
Ring flange, is fixed with raw material rod clamp in two groups of motion flange plate bearings.
4. a kind of multi-electrode plasma arc according to claim 1 continuously manufactures the device of metal dust, and its feature exists
The rear end fixed flange of first group in described propeller and second group of front end fixed flange are by welding manner even
Connect.
5. a kind of multi-electrode plasma arc according to claim 1 continuously manufactures the device of metal dust, and its feature exists
Exit angle in described flash chamber nozzle is 5 ° 75 °, and latter end internal diameter D1 is at 5 millimeters for outlet --- 190 millimeters,
, at 5 millimeters 130 millimeters, stage casing D2 is at 3 millimeters 150 millimeters for outlet, and arc radius R exists for arc radius r
25 millimeters 550 millimeters, leading portion D3 is at 20 millimeters 900 millimeters for outlet, and nozzle total length is at 50 millimeter 1500
Millimeter.
6. a kind of multi-electrode plasma arc according to claim 1 continuously manufactures the device of metal dust, and its feature exists
Card in described front end flange disk is embedded in motor-driven guide screw movement.
7. a kind of multi-electrode plasma arc according to claim 1 continuously manufactures the device of metal dust, and its feature exists
Card in described motion ring flange is embedded in motor-driven fuel rod clamp movement.
8. a kind of multi-electrode plasma arc according to claim 1 continuously manufactures the device of metal dust, and its feature exists
It is three groups in described plasma arc generator electrode, is untransferable arc, wherein the angle of two arrays of electrodes is 115 ° below, separately
Two groups of mutual angles are 122.5 °.
9. a kind of multi-electrode plasma arc continuously manufactures the method for metal dust it is characterised in that comprising the following steps that：1）Produce
Shi Shouxian is filled with inert gas in protective gas import, empties flash chamber nozzle interior air, and subsequent start-up plasma arc occurs
Device electrode, the general output current scope that adjusts is 20 amperes to 300 amperes, 5000 DEG C of plasma arc generator electrode temperature
To 30000 DEG C；
2）Complete step 1）Afterwards, the angle of rake motion flange of second group of pay-off and raw material rod clamp are started, fuel rod presss from both sides
Tool clamping fuel rod forward end is advanced, and tip will be first polished into coniform by first fuel rod of every task；
3）Treat that second group of raw material rod clamp clamping fuel rod touches near second group of propeller front end mounting flange center hole
Contact Returning switch after, at this moment the raw material rod clamp on first group of angle of rake motion ring flange start start, take over clamping
Fuel rod starts to advance, simultaneously on the motor-driven motion ring flange on second group of angle of rake front end fixed flange
Raw material rod clamp return-to-home position；
4）Treat that first group of raw material rod clamp clamping fuel rod touches near first group of propeller front end mounting flange center hole
Contact Returning switch after, same principle is returned by motor-driven, removes the fuel rod meeting the second set drive to be again sent into,
First group of fuel rod is connected by friction welding (FW) with second group of fuel rod head and the tail end, and friction welding (FW) power is pressed from both sides by first group of fuel rod
Tool rotates offer jointly with second group of raw material rod clamp being in the state of closing when returning；
5）Every fuel rod all moves back and forth by this method and completes to be fed, if using welding wire, saving friction welding (FW) and connecting
First group of fuel rod and second group of fuel rod step,
6）When the fuel rod that rotation is sent into enters plasma arc generator electrode district, fuel rod is at the plasma arc center of cincture
Region, through the instantaneous heating evaporation of high-temperature plasma arc, the plasma-based that nebulizes body, the indifferent gas being blown into along with protective gas import
Stream pours flash chamber nozzle, forms quick-fried spray；
7）Reach temporary transient thermodynamic equilibrium state in flash chamber nozzle, it is in spherical shape that surface free energy becomes to making droplet particle, with
It is blown into the collecting chamber of flash chamber nozzle exit front end followed by inert gas；
8）Collect chamber outer wall and adopt clad type recirculated water or liquid nitrogen circulating cooling, maintain the temperature at -5 DEG C to 5 DEG C, due to environment
Temperature decrease, air pressure, also due to bernoulli principle, have simultaneously formed a draught head, and ambient pressure is less than droplet internal pressure,
Further force droplet particle expansion spherical in shape, and the powder that false set is obtained；
9）During shutdown, first stop feed, then by plasma arc generator electrode blow-out, finally stop logical inert gas again, this
One order is also applied for equipment downtime maintenance situation.
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| RU2751607C1 (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2021-07-15 | Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Новые Дисперсные Материалы" | Method for producing fine powder |
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| US6379419B1 (en) * | 1998-08-18 | 2002-04-30 | Noranda Inc. | Method and transferred arc plasma system for production of fine and ultrafine powders |
| KR20040091448A (en) * | 2003-04-22 | 2004-10-28 | 고려진공 주식회사 | A plasma gun |
| CN2629878Y (en) * | 2003-07-25 | 2004-08-04 | 浙江省新昌县恒升金属纳米材料有限公司 | Nano metal powder producing apparatus |
| CN101327519A (en) * | 2008-07-18 | 2008-12-24 | 张建利 | Plasma rotating electrode milling machine group and technique |
| CN101927351A (en) * | 2010-01-15 | 2010-12-29 | 张建利 | Method for preparing high temperature alloy GH 4169 metal globule by utilizing auxiliary plasma rotation electrode |
| CN101733408A (en) * | 2010-01-15 | 2010-06-16 | 张建利 | Method for preparing titanium alloy TA15 metal balls by employing plasma auxiliary rotating electrode |
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| WO2021250529A1 (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2021-12-16 | Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Новые Дисперсные Материалы" | Method for producing finely divided powder |
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