CN104919766B - 用于设备到设备通信的路径切换方法和设备 - Google Patents
用于设备到设备通信的路径切换方法和设备 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
当通信设备从通过网络基础设施(例如,通过蜂窝网络)进行通信变换到直接模式通信(例如,直接在两个通信设备之间的通信路径)时的会话连续性可被维护。例如,在从基础设施模式通信路径切换到直接模式通信路径时,方法可包括:确定与通信设备的基础设施路径相对应的面向公共的地址;针对要通过直接模式通信路径传输至第二通信设备的分组,用所确定的面向公共的地址替换分组的源地址字段;以及用分别与通过直接模式通信路径的通信设备和第二通信设备相对应的源地址字段和目的地地址字段来封装分组。
Description
相关申请
本申请要求于2013年2月22日提交的美国临时专利申请No.61/768,330的权益,并且如在这里全部提出的那样,通过引用将其合并于此。
背景技术
无线网络可向诸如智能电话之类的移动通信设备提供网络连接性。可通过无线电接口来提供网络连接性。通常,设备可通过作为网络基础设施的一部分的接入点来连接到网络。例如,设备可经由蜂窝基站连接到蜂窝网络或者经由无线局域网(WLAN)接入点(例如,WiFi接入点)连接到无线局域网。
一些技术可允许设备彼此之间建立直接通信路径(例如,无需通过蜂窝基站或WiFi接入点)。例如,彼此邻近的设备可相互发现并接着彼此之间建立直接通信路径。直接通信技术的示例包括WiFi标准或者在技术报告“3GPP TR 22.703,技术规范组服务和***方面;对支持邻近服务(ProSe)的架构增强的研究(第12版)”(可在www.3gpp.org处得到)中所述的直接通信。
附图说明
通过以下具体说明并结合附图将易于理解本发明的实施例。为了辅助此说明书,相似的标号可指定相似的结构元件。本发明的实施例是通过示例的方式而非通过限制性的方式在附图中进行描述的。
图1是示出了这里所述的一个或多个实现方式的示例概述的图示;
图2是这里所述的***和/或方法可在其中被实现的示例环境的图示;
图3是概念性地示出了图2中示出的用户设备(UE)的组件的图示;
图4是示出了用于执行UE处关于外出分组(outgoing packet)的地址转换的示例过程的流程图;
图5是示出了用于执行UE处关于到来分组(incoming packet)的地址转换的示例过程的流程图;
图6是示出了针对分组流的地址转换的示例的图示;
图7是示出了在从直接模式通信路径切换至基础设施路径时用于维护针对应用的会话连续性的示例过程的流程图;
图8是示出了在从直接模式通信路径切换至基础设施路径时针对应用的会话连续性的维护的图示;
图9是示出了使用集结服务器来桥接UE之间的分组流的图示,该分组流已经从直接模式通信路径切换至基础设施路径;以及
图10是设备的示例组件的图示。
具体实施方式
下面的详细描述参考附图。不同附图中的相同标号可标识相同或相似的元件。应理解,在不背离本公开的范围的情况下,可实施其他实施例而且可作出结构或逻辑的改变。因此,下面的详细描述不应被看出限制性意义,并且根据本发明的实施例的范围由所附权利要求和它们的等同来限定。
这里所述的技术可提供当通信设备(这里被称作“用户设备”(UE))从通过网络基础设施(例如,通过蜂窝网络)的通信转向直接模式通信(例如,直接在两个UE之间的通信路径)时的会话连续性。例如,两个UE可被连接到蜂窝网络并可能正在实现通过蜂窝网络的通信应用。通信应用可包括实现语音呼叫、视频呼叫、文件传送等等的应用。在通信应用的操作期间的某一点处,两个UE可例如通过直接连接两个UE的无线电链路而无需经过蜂窝网络的基础设施来建立直接模式通信。当切换到直接模式通信时,期望能够不受干扰地继续运行通信应用。换而言之,期望在维护应用层处的会话连续性的同时将与通信应用相对应的数据流从基础设施路径(例如,通过蜂窝网络)切换至直接模式通信路径。从用户的角度来看,基础设施路径和直接模式通信路径之间的切换不会被注意到(例如,语音呼叫、视频呼叫、文件传送等等可以不受打扰地继续进行)。
图1是示出了这里所述的一个或多个实现方式的示例概述的图示。如同所示,两个UE(标示为UE-A和UE-B)能够经由基础设施路径(例如,通过互联网协议(IP)网络)以及经由直接路径(直接模式通信)来进行通信。基础设施路径可包括其中UE(例如,通过蜂窝基站)无线地连接到IP网络的通信路径。直接模式通信可基于UE直接与彼此进行通信。一种用于在UE之间建立直接通信路径的技术是WiFi标准(即,基于电气和电子工程师协会(IEEE)802.11标准中的一种)。
UE-A和UE-B可各自执行应用(“App”)。UE-A处的应用可包括与UE-B处的应用交换数据的通信应用(例如,语音、视频、或文件传送应用)。例如,UE-A和UE-B处的应用可以是点对点(peer-to-peer)视频会议应用,该点对点视频会议应用允许UE A和UE B的用户经由视频会议来彼此通信。视频会议的数据可作为IP分组流在UE A和UE B之间流送。
当UE A首次连接到IP网络时,UE A可被分配以IP地址(“IP@A1”)。类似地,当UE B首次连接到IP网络时,UE B可被分配以另一IP地址(“IP@B1”)。UE-A和UE B可在使用直接模式通信进行通信时使用不同的IP地址(分别为“IP@A2”和“IP@B2”)。如将下文更详细地论述,可由IP网络执行网络地址转换(NAT)来向UE-A和UE-B中的每一个分配另一IP地址。由IP网络分配的IP地址(例如,IP@A1和IP@B1)可被称作UE A和UE B的“面向公共的IP地址”。
根据这里所述的方面,UE-A和UE-B可修改通过直接模式通信路径发送的某些分组的头部,以使得从应用的角度来看,通过直接模式通信路径接收的分组可表现为是从与通过基础设施路径接收的分组相同的流中接收的。因此,UE A和UE B之间用于具体应用的分组流可在不影响应用的操作的情况下从基础设施路径切换到直接模式通信路径(或者反之亦然)。以这种方式,可在基础设施路径和直接模式通信路径之间的过渡间维护会话连续性(例如,语音应用、视频应用、文件传送应用的连续性)。
在一种实现中,公开了在从基础设施模式通信路径切换至直接模式通信路径时针对在通信设备中执行的应用维持会话连续性的方法。方法可包括:确定与通信设备的基础设施路径相对应的面向公共的地址;针对要通过直接模式通信路径传输至第二通信设备的分组,用所确定的面向公共的地址替换分组的源地址字段。方法还可包括:用分别与通信设备和第二通信设备相对应的、通过直接模式通信路径的源地址字段和目的地地址字段来封装分组。方法还可包括经由直接模式通信路径传输经封装的分组。
方法还可包括解封装通过直接模式通信路径从第二通信设备接收的分组,解封装包括用通信设备在基础设施路径中的私有地址替换分组的目的地地址字段;以及将经解封装的分组提供给通信设备的应用层。
在实现中,将要通过直接模式通信路径传输的分组的源地址字段初始可被通信设备创建为与通信设备的基础设施路径相对应的私有地址。
在实现中,分组的经替换源地址字段包括面向公共的地址,该面向公共的地址指代通信设备在基础设施路径中的私有地址。
在实现中,面向公共的地址和源地址各自包括互联网协议(IP)地址和端口号。
在实现中,确定面向公共的地址可包括:询问端口控制协议(PCP)服务器、用于网络地址转换的会话穿透工具(STUN)服务器、或者使用中继穿透网络地址转换(TURN)服务器。
在实现中,基础设施模式通信路径可包括基于电气和电子工程师协会(IEEE)802.11无线通信标准的无线通信。
在实现中,通过基础设施模式通信路径的通信包括基于蜂窝无线通信标准的通信。
在另一实现中,通信设备可在从基础设施模式通信路径切换至直接模式通信路径时针对在通信设备中执行的应用维持会话连续性。通信设备可包括进行以下操作的处理电路:确定与通信设备的基础设施路径相对应的面向公共的地址;针对要通过直接模式通信路径传输至第二通信设备的分组,由通信设备用所确定的面向公共的地址替换分组的源地址字段。处理电路还可用分别与通信设备和第二通信设备相对应的、通过直接模式通信路径的源地址字段和目的地地址字段来封装分组;以及经由直接模式通信路径传输经封装的分组。
在另一实现中,通信设备可在从直接模式通信路径切换至基础设施通信路径时针对在通信设备中执行的应用维持会话连续性。通信设备可包括进行以下操作的处理电路:确定与通信设备的基础设施路径相对应的面向公共的地址;通过直接模式通信路径并且向第二通信设备传输面向公共的地址;通过基础设施路径从第二通信设备接收经封装的分组;对所接收的经封装的分组进行解封装以获得包括与直接模式通信路径相对应的地址信息的分组;以及将经解封装的分组提供给通信设备的应用层。
在另一实现中,UE可包括存储指令的存储器;以及至少一个处理器,该至少一个处理器执行由存储器存储的指令来:使用通过基础设施路径形成的通信会话来与第二UE连接;以及将与第二UE的通信路径从到第二UE的基础设施路径切换至到第二UE的直接无线通信路径,切换对于应用层处理透明地被执行,该应用层处理正在UE处执行并且正与第二UE通信。
UE可针对要通过直接无线通信路径传输至第二UE的分组,用UE在基础设施路径中的面向公共的地址替换分组的源地址字段;用分别与UE和第二UE相对应的、通过直接模式通信路径的源地址字段和目的地地址字段来封装分组;以及通过直接无线通信路径传输经封装的分组。UE还解封装通过直接无线通信路径从第二UE接收的分组,解封装包括用通信设备在基础设施路径中的私有地址替换分组的目的地地址字段;以及将经解封装的分组提供给通信设备的应用层。
在另一实现中,通信设备可包括:用于确定与通信设备的基础设施路径相对应的面向公共的地址的装置;用于通过直接模式通信路径向第二通信设备传送面向公共的地址的装置;和用于通过基础设施路径从第二通信设备接收经封装的分组的装置。通信设备还可包括用于对所接收的经封装的分组进行解封装以获得包括与直接模式通信路径相对应的地址信息的分组的装置;以及用于将经解封装的分组提供给通信设备的应用层的装置。
图2是这里所述的***和/或方法可在其中被实现的示例环境的图示。如同所示,环境200可包括一个或多个UE 210-1和210-2(这里有时被统称为“UE 210”或者被单独称作“UE 210”)和网络220来提供到UE 210的网络连接性和/或与其他网络的网络连接性。
UE 210可包括便携式计算和通信设备,例如个人数字助理(PDA)、智能电话、蜂窝电话、具有到蜂窝无线网络的连接性的膝上型计算机、平板计算机等等。UE 210还可包括非便携式计算设备,例如台式计算机、消费或商业器具或者具有连接网络220能力的其他设备。UE 210可通过无线电链路连接到网络220。UE 210还可使用直接模式通信路径(例如,经由未使用网络220的直接模式通信)直接连接到彼此。
如同所示,UE 210-1可与两个IP地址相关联:“IP@A1”和“IP@A2”,“IP@A1”可包括与通过基础设施路径(例如,通过网络220)的分组流相关联的IP地址,“IP@A2”可包括与通过直接模式通信路径的分组流相关联的IP地址。如这里所用的那样,术语“IP地址”或“地址”可指代IPv4或IPv6地址值和端口号。计算设备可包括多个逻辑端口地址(例如,端口地址可以是双字节数,给出了65536个可能的端口号)。用于具体应用(例如,视频应用、web浏览应用等等)的分组可被发送给目的地计算设备的IPv4或IPv6地址和特定的端口号。在网络地址中使用端口号可允许在单个计算设备处执行的多个应用同时共享同一IP地址。标志“IP@Value”这里可被用于表示IP地址和端口值。在实践中,诸如IPv4地址之类的IP地址和相应的端口号可包括四字节IP地址和双字节端口值(例如,被表示为192.168.10.45:82,其指代IP地址192.168.10.45处的端口82)。
彼此邻近(例如,当使用UE 210的无线电收发机时在彼此的直接无线电范围内)的UE 210可发现彼此并使用直接模式通信路径来彼此通信。例如,多个UE 210可使用直接模式通信来彼此形成ad hoc(自组)网络。在一些情况中,并非ad hoc网络中的所有UE 210可彼此直接相连。就是说,一些UE 210可充当ad hoc网络中的中继节点从而将ad hoc网络的覆盖扩展至超出单个UE的无线电范围。术语“直接模式通信路径”可指代直接的UE到UE无线通信或者通过UE的ad hoc网络中继的通信(例如,无需使用基础设施路径)。
网络220可包括向UE 210提供网络连接性的一个或多个网络。如同所示,网络220可包括IP网络230和无线网络235和240。IP网络230可表示例如广域网(WAN),例如提供基于分组的网络连接性的互联网(或其他网络或网络组合)。无线网络235和240可包括向UE 210提供无线连接性的无线接入网络和/或无线核心网络。无线网络235和240可表示例如基于长期演进(LTE)和/或演进分组***(EPS)标准实现的蜂窝无线网络。无线网络235和240中的每一个可对应于例如由不同无线服务提供商提供的无线网络。可替换地或者另外地,无线网络235和240可对应于由同一服务提供商提供的不同区段或子网络。尽管图2中示出了两个无线网络235和240和一个IP网络230,但可潜在地实现网络230、235和240中的每个网络的额外的或者更少的数目。
网络220可包括多个网络设备,例如路由器、交换机、网关、和/或其他控制或数据承载网络元件。如图2中具体所示,网络220可包括NAT服务器250(与无线网络235相关联)、NAT服务器255(与无线网络240相关联)和IP地址发现服务器260。
NAT服务器250和255可包括对分组执行网络地址转换的设备。在一种实现中,NAT服务器250和255可实现分组数据网络网关(PGW)设备的一部分的功能。在此情况中,NAT服务器250和255可分别为进入/离开无线网络235和240的分组提供网络地址转换服务。一般地,网络地址转换可指代在分组处于运送中的同时修改IP头部的IP地址信息的处理。例如,一种类型的网络地址转换可提供IP地址和端口值的一对一转换。
图2中示出了针对通过基础设施路径从UE A传输到UE B的示例分组的网络地址转换的示例。由于NAT服务器255的网络地址转换,UE B的面向公共的IP地址(例如,由无线网络240外部的设备看到的IP地址)可以是IP@B1pub,而不是IP@B1。类似地,由于NAT服务器250的网络地址转换,UE A的面向公共的IP地址可以是IP@A1pub,而不是IP@A1。如图2中所示,由UE A传输到UE B的分组可初始包括源地址IP@A1和目的地地址IP@B1pub(分组头部270)。在经历NAT服务器250之后,分组可包括源地址IP@A1pub和目的地地址IP@B1pub(分组头部275)。在经历NAT服务器255之后,分组可包括源地址IP@A1pub和目的地地址IP@B1(分组头部280)。然后分组可被递送至UE B。
IP地址发现服务器260可包括被设计为帮助诸如UE 210之类的设备确定设备的面向公共的IP地址的一个或多个设备。IP地址发现服务器260可对来自UE 210的、针对UE的面向公共的IP地址的请求进行响应。例如,在IP地址发现服务器260位于IP网络230中的情况中,当请求到达IP地址发现服务器260时,该请求可被翻译从而使得UE的面向公共的IP地址与请求的源地址相对应。IP地址发现服务器260然后可将面向公共的地址传输回UE。
尽管被示出为IP地址230的一部分,在实践中,IP地址发现服务器260可替换地被实现于无线网络235/240中,或者被实现为与NAT服务器250/255相关联的功能。在一种实现中,IP地址发现服务器260可包括使用端口控制协议(PCP)实现的服务。PCP可允许UE 210发现针对具体的分组流由NAT服务器250或255使用的公共IP地址和端口值。PCP可被实现为NAT 250/255内的服务。可替换地或者另外地,可使用诸如NAT会话穿透工具(SessionTraversal Utilities for NAT,STUN)协议或使用中继穿透NAT(Traversal Using Relaysaround NAT,TURN)协议之类的其他机制来实现IP地址发现服务器260的功能。
尽管被称作“服务器”,NAT服务器250、NAT服务器255、和IP地址发现服务器260可对应于传统服务器、在实现其他功能的网络设备上实现的服务、刀片服务器组或机架式服务器组、或者提供服务和/或数据存储的另一实现方式。
图3是概念性地示出了UE 210的组件的图示。UE 210可包括能够被概念化到开放***互连(OSI)模型的功能中的功能,该开放***互连模型包括无线电接口310(例如,物理层/数据链路层处的功能)、网络层320、和应用层330。
无线电接口310可包括无线电收发机、天线、和/或其他逻辑以实现UE 210的无线无线电通信。在一些实现中,无线电接口310可包括经由不同无线无线电标准来进行连接的逻辑(例如,实现基于IEEE 802.11的无线电接口的无线电电路以及实现到蜂窝网络的接口的无线电电路)。无线电接口310可接收和输出无线电信号。无线电接口310还可提供与物理层和数据链路层的操作有关的其他功能。
网络层320一般可包括处置分组转发和路由的逻辑。网络层320可包括地址转换组件325。地址转换组件325可针对作为直接模式通信的一部分在UE之间传输的分组流执行IP地址和端口值的地址转换。地址转换可使能当在基础设施路径和直接模式通信路径之间切换时应用之间的会话连续性。地址转换组件325的操作将在下文中详细描述。
应用层330可包括一个或多个应用335,该一个或多个应用335可使用进程到进程的连接与其他UE 210(或其他设备)通信,该进程到进程的连接可基于IP地址和端口值。应用335可包括通信应用(例如,语音或视频呼叫应用)、文件传送应用或其他应用。从应用335的角度看,如果与分组流相关联的IP地址或端口号改变,那么与(例如,另一UE处)其他应用的分组流可被打断。
图4是示出了用于执行UE 210处关于外出分组(例如,由UE传输的分组)的地址转换的示例过程400的流程图。过程400可例如由UE 210的地址转换组件325来执行。可针对原始经由基础设施路径传输但被切换为经由直接模式通信路径传输的分组流中的分组来执行过程400。
过程400可包括:针对具体的分组流确定UE 210处的IP地址和端口号(UE 210的私有IP地址和端口号)与面向公共的IP地址和端口号之间的映射(框410)。具体的分组流可包括由UE 210处的应用生成的数据。如同所提到的那样,面向公共的IP地址和端口号可以是由诸如NAT服务器250和255中的一个之类的网络设备分配的IP地址和端口号。在一种实现中,可经由到IP地址发现服务器260的询问来确定映射。在图2的示例中,例如,UE A的私有IP地址和端口可以是IP@A1。通过IP地址发现服务器260,UE A可确定UE A相应的面向公共的IP地址和端口是IP@A1pub。对于其中UE 210未位于NAT之后的情况,面向公共的IP地址和端口号可与UE 210的私有IP地址和端口号相同。
过程400还可包括用面向公共的IP地址和端口号替换分组的源地址字段(框420)。以这种方式,当被接收UE接收到时,分组(从接收UE的角度看)将表现为是通过基础设施路径传输的分组流中的分组。
分组400还可包括对分组进行封装并经由直接模式通信路径传输分组(框430)。例如,分组的数据可由无线电接口310使用直接模式通信路径无线地进行传输。在一种实现中,直接模式通信路径可被实现为基于直接模式通信路径地址(例如,在图2的示例中,IP@A2和IP@B2)来封装分组的隧道。
图5是示出了用于执行UE 210处关于到来分组(由UE接收的分组)的地址转换的示例过程500的流程图。过程500可例如由地址转换组件325来执行。可针对原始经由基础设施路径接收但被切换为经由直接模式通信路径传输的分组流中的分组来执行过程500。
过程500可包括:用接收UE的私有IP地址和端口号替换分组的目的地地址字段(框510)。换而言之,目的地地址字段可被修改以包括UE在基础设施路径上的IP地址和分组流在基础设施路径上的端口。
过程500还可包括向应用层提供分组(框520)。因为由发送UE的地址转换(例如,如图4中所示)和由接收UE的地址转换(框510),所接收的分组可表现为(从接收UE处的应用层的角度看)是属于通过基础设施路径传输的分组流的分组。因此可维护与分组流相对应的会话连续性。
图6是示出了环境200的上下文中针对直接模式通信路径中的分组流的地址转换的示例的图示,该地址转换是根据上文相对于图4和5描述的过程而被执行的。假设UE A处的应用正经由基础设施路径610与UE B处的应用通信。依据由NAT服务器250和260执行的地址转换,与UE A和UE B处的应用之间的通信相对应的分组流可包括各种源IP地址和目的地IP地址(以及端口号)。例如,如前所述,由UE A在基础设施路径上传输的分组可初始包括源地址IP@A1和目的地地址IP@B1pub(分组头部270)。在经历NAT服务器250之后,分组可包括源地址IP@A1pub和目的地地址IP@B1pub(分组头部275)。在经历NAT服务器255之后,分组可包括源地址IP@A1pub和目的地地址IP@B1(分组头部280)。
在某一时刻,UE A和UE B可建立直接模式通信路径。此时,当传输分组流中的分组时,UE A的地址转换组件325可修改分组的源地址以用UE A面向公共的地址(例如,用IP@A1pub)替换IP@A1,被示出为分组头部630。在分组头部630中,源地址可以是IP@A1pub而目的地地址可以是IP@B1pub。
然后可通过直接模式通信路径来传输分组。在一种实现中,直接通信路径可被实现为隧道640,在该隧道640中,原始的源地址和目的地地址(例如,IP@A1pub和IP@B1pub)被封装于基于直接模式通信路径地址(例如,IP@A2和IP@B2)外向地被发送的分组中。
UE B可接收分组并移除封装来获得具有源地址IP@A1pub和目的地地址IP@B1pub的分组。UE B的地址转换组件325可为分组修改目的地地址以用UE B关于基础设施的私有地址(IP@B1)替换IP@B1pub,被示为分组头部650。具有源地址IP@A1pub和目的地地址IP@B1的分组可被提供至UE B处的应用(或者至UE B处的应用层处理)。
在一些实现中,UE A和UE B可(例如,经由直接通信路径)交换公共和私有地址及端口映射,并且然后发送UE或接收UE均可操纵源地址和目的地地址二者以执行地址转换,而不是由发送UE 210(例如,UE A)对源地址执行地址转换以及由接收UE 210(例如,UE B)对目的地地址执行地址转换。
在以上说明中,会话连续性是在从基础设施路径切换至直接模式通信路径的连续性的上下文中进行描述的。在一些实现中,会期望当从直接模式通信路径切换至基础设施路径时维持会话连续性。
图7是示出了在从直接模式通信路径切换至基础设施路径时用于维持应用的会话连续性的示例过程700的流程图。过程700可例如由UE 210来执行。在两个UE(例如,UE A和UE B)之间的通信的上下文中,过程700可由两个UE中的每一个针对从直接模式通信路径切换至基础设施路径的分组流中分组来执行。
过程700可包括预留本地(私有)端口号(框710)。私有端口号可以是将被用于通过基础设施路径传输与应用相对应的分组流的端口。例如,从UE A(图2或图6)的角度看,私有端口号可以是与IP@A1相关联的端口。
过程700还可包括获得面向公共的IP地址和相应的面向公共的端口号(框720)。面向公共的IP地址和端口号可以是由NAT服务器250/255中的一个分配的IP地址和端口号。在一种实现中,可经由到IP地址发现服务器260的询问来确定映射。
过程700还可包括通过直接模式通信路径传输所获得的面向公共的IP地址和端口号(框730)。例如,两个通信的UE(UE A和UE B)可使用直接模式通信路径交换它们在框720中获得的面向公共的IP地址和端口号。
过程700还可包括:通过使用IP头部对各个分组进行封装来在基础设施路径上传输分组流的分组,该IP头部包括作为目的地地址的、通信中所涉及的其它UE的面向公共的IP地址和端口号(框740)。其它UE的面向公共的IP地址和端口号可能已经通过直接模式通信路径从其它UE中接收(例如,根据执行框740的其它UE)。每个被发送的分组可通过基础设施路径被路由至目的地UE,其中可例如由NAT服务器250和255执行网络地址转换。
过程700还可包括通过基础设施路径接收分组(框750)。分组的外部IP头部可被移除以解封装分组(框750)。在解封装之后,分组可包括其中源地址和目的地地址与直接模式通信路径所对应的地址(例如,IP@A2和IP@B2)相匹配的IP头部。
过程700可包括向应用层(或者应用)提供分组(框760)。从接收UE处的应用层的角度看,分组可表现为是属于通过直接模式通信路径发送的分组流的分组。从应用层的角度看,与分组流相对应的会话连续性因此可被维持。
图8是示出了在环境200的上下文中,在从直接模式通信路径切换至基础设施路径时维护针对应用的会话连续性的图示。假设在UE A处执行的应用正经由直接模式通信路径与UE B处的应用进行通信。在某一时刻,UE A和UE B可从直接模式通信路径切换至基础设施路径。UE A和UE B可例如通过询问IP地址发现服务器260来获得它们自己各自的面向公共的IP地址和端口号(例如,分别为IP@A1pub和IP@B1pub)(图7,框720)。UE A可经由直接模式通信路径将UE A的面向公共的IP地址和端口号(例如,IP@A1pub)发送给UE B(图7,框730)。类似地,UE B可经由直接模式通信路径将UE B的面向公共的IP地址和端口号(例如,IP@B1pub)发送给UE A。
UE A和B可使用经交换的面向公共的IP地址和端口号在基础设施路径上彼此通信。例如,UE A可通过将分组封装以包括UE B的面向公共的IP地址和端口号的IP头部来将分组发送给UE B。经封装的分组可从UE A传输至NAT服务器250(隧道830)、从NAT服务器250传输至NAT服务器255(隧道835)、以及从NAT服务器255传输至UE B(隧道840)。作为通过基础设施路径的分组路由的一部分,NAT服务器250和255可对分组执行网络地址转换。如图8中所示,在UE A的出口处(例如,通过隧道830)的经封装分组的外部IP头部850可包括源地址IP@A1和目的地地址IP@B1pub。经封装分组的内部IP头部855可包括源地址IP@A2和目的地地址IP@B2。NAT服务器250的出口处(例如,通过隧道835)的经封装分组的外部IP头部860可包括源地址IP@A1pub和目的地地址IP@B1pub。经封装分组的内部IP头部865可以未被改变并且包括源地址IP@A2和目的地地址IP@B2。NAT服务器255的出口处(例如,通过隧道840)的经封装分组的外部IP头部870可包括源地址IP@A1pub和目的地地址IP@B1。经封装分组的内部IP头部875可以未被改变并且包括源地址IP@A2和目的地地址IP@B2。
UE B在通过基础设施路径接收经封装的分组时,可移除外部IP头部以获得具有头部(被示为分组头部880)的分组,其指代直接模式通信路径(例如,IP@A2和IP@B2)。分组可被转发至UE B处的相应应用(或者至应用层处理层)。分组头部880可对应于通过直接模式通信路径810传输的分组的头部。这样,从应用的角度看,在从直接模式通信路径到基础设施路径的切换期间的会话连续性可被维持。
在一些实现中,可使用居留于IP网络230中的集结服务器,而不是使用针对图7和8所述的技术从直接模式通信路径切换到基础设施路径。集结服务器的地址或身份可由UE210商定和/或由UE 210通过直接模式通信路径来进行交换。相关值或会话标识符值(即,集结服务器可用于确定来自两个UE的通信是否应当被桥接的值)也可由UE 210商定。UE 210接着可使用利用集结服务器建立的两个对半隧道进行通信。
图9是示出了使用集结服务器910来桥接UE 210之间的分组流的图示,该分组流已经被从直接模式通信路径切换至基础设施路径。如同所示,集结服务器910可包括一个或多个计算设备,该一个或多个计算设备可充当UE A和UE B之间的分组流的中间者(桥接器)。UE A和UE B中的每一者可建立到集结服务器910的对半隧道。集结服务器910可链接这两个对半隧道来创建通过基础设施路径的端到端分组流。
在图9中,除了由UE 210发送的分组具有与集结服务器910而非与UE 210对应的目的地地址之外,UE A和UE B对分组头部的处理可类似于针对图8所述的处理。在图9中,假设集结服务器910与IP地址和端口号“IP@RS”相关联。UE A可通过将分组封装以包括源地址IP@A1和目的地地址IP@RS的外部IP头部920来将分组发送至UE B。经封装的分组的内部IP头部925可包括源地址IP@A2和目的地地址IP@B2。在从UE A到UE B的整个传输中,内部IP头部925可以是不变的。在NAT服务器250的处理之后,经封装的分组的外部IP头部930可包括源地址IP@A1pub和目的地地址IP@RS。在集结服务器910的接收和集结服务器910的再传输之后,经封装的分组的外部IP头部940可包括源地址IP@RS和目的地地址IP@B1pub。在NAT服务器255的处理之后,经封装的分组的外部IP头部950可包括源地址IP@RS和目的地地址IP@B1。当通过基础设施路径接收到经封装的分组时,UE B可移除外部IP头部来获得具有被示为分组头部960的头部的分组,其指代直接模式通信路径(例如,IP@A2和IP@B2)。
图10是设备1000的示例组件的图示。图1-3、6、8和9中示出的每个设备可包括一个或多个设备1000。设备1000可包括总线1010、处理器1020、存储器1030、输入组件1040、输出组件1050、和通信接口1060。在另一实现中,设备1000可包括额外的、更少的、不同的、或者被不同地布置的组件。
总线1010可包括准许设备1000的组件间的通信的一个或多个通信路径。处理器1020可包括处理器、微处理器、或处理逻辑,其可对指令进行解释和执行。存储器1030可包括可存储用于处理器1020的执行的信息和指令的任意类型的动态存储设备,和/或可存储用于处理器1020使用的信息的任意类型的非易失性存储设备。
输入组件1040可包括准许操作者将信息输入到设备1000的机构,例如键盘、键板、按钮、开关等等。输出组件1050可包括向操作者输出信息的机构,例如显示器、扬声器、一个或多个发光二极管(LED)等等。
通信接口1060可包括任何类似收发机的机构,其使得设备1000能够与其他设备和/或***通信。例如,通信接口1060可包括以太网接口、光接口、同轴线接口、无线电接口、等等。具体地,通信接口1060可包括诸如红外(IR)接收机、无线电、WiFi无线电、蜂窝无线电等等之类的无线通信设备。无线通信设备可被耦合至诸如远程控制、无线键盘、移动电话等等之类的外部设备。在一些实施例中,设备1000可包括不止一个通信接口1060。例如,设备1000可包括光接口和以太网接口。
设备1000可执行上文所述的某些操作。设备1000可响应于处理器1020执行在计算机可读介质(例如,存储器1030)中存储的软件指令来执行这些操作。计算机可读介质可被定义为非暂态存储器设备。存储器设备可包括单个物理存储器设备内的空间或者扩展至跨多个物理存储器设备的空间。可从另一计算机可读介质或从另一设备中将软件指令读取到存储器1030中。存储器1030中存储的软件指令可使得处理器1020执行这里所述的过程。可替换地,硬连线电路可替代软件指令或者与软件指令结合地使用来实现这里所述的处理。因此,这里所述的实现不限于硬件电路和软件的任何具体组合。
在前述说明中,已经参考附图描述了各种优选实施例。然而,明显地可在不背离如在所附权利要求中提出的本发明的更广阔范围的情况下,可对其进行各种修改或变更,并且可实现附加的实施例。说明书和附图因此被视为具有描述性而非限制性意义。
例如,尽管已经针对图4、5和7描述了一系列框,在其它实现中可修改这些框的次序。另外,独立的框可被并行地执行。
上面所述的示例方面可在附图所示出的实现中以软件、固件和硬件的许多不同形式来实现,这将是显而易见的。被用于实现这些方面的实际软件代码或专用控制硬件不应被视为是限制性的。因此,没有参考具体的软件代码来描述各方面的操作和行为——应理解:能够基于这里的说明来设计软件和控制硬件来实现各个方面。
另外,本发明的某些部分可被实现为执行一个或多个功能的“逻辑”。此逻辑可包括诸如ASIC和FPGA之类的硬件或者硬件和软件的组合。
尽管特征的具体组合被记载在权利要求书中和/或被公开于说明书中,但这些组合并不意图限制本发明。实际上,这些特征中的许多特征可以用未在权利要求书中具体记载和/或说明书中具体公开的方式来进行组合。
除非本身被明确地说明,否者本申请中所用的元件、动作或指令均不应被视为对于本发明是关键或必要的。另外,除非以其他方式明确陈述,否者短语“基于”旨在表示“至少部分地基于”。
Claims (25)
1.一种通信设备,该通信设备在从基础设施模式通信路径切换至直接模式通信路径时维持针对在所述通信设备中执行的应用的会话连续性,所述通信设备包括进行以下操作的处理电路:
确定与所述通信设备的基础设施路径相对应的面向公共的地址;
针对要通过所述直接模式通信路径传输至第二通信设备的分组,用所确定的面向公共的地址替换所述分组的源地址字段;
用分别与所述通信设备和所述第二通信设备相对应的、通过所述直接模式通信路径的源地址字段和目的地地址字段来封装所述分组;以及
将经封装的分组传输至所述直接模式通信路径。
2.如权利要求1所述的通信设备,还包括进行以下操作的处理电路:
解封装通过所述直接模式通信路径从所述第二通信设备接收的分组,所述解封装包括用所述通信设备在所述基础设施路径中的私有地址替换所述分组的目的地地址字段;以及
将经解封装的分组提供给所述通信设备的应用层。
3.如权利要求1所述的通信设备,其中要通过所述直接模式通信路径传输的所述分组的所述源地址字段最初被所述通信设备创建为与所述通信设备的所述基础设施路径相对应的地址。
4.如权利要求1所述的通信设备,其中,经替换的源地址字段包括下述面向公共的地址:该面向公共的地址指代所述通信设备在所述基础设施路径中的私有地址。
5.如权利要求1所述的通信设备,其中所述面向公共的地址和所述源地址各自包括互联网协议(IP)地址和端口号。
6.如权利要求1所述的通信设备,其中在确定所述面向公共的地址时,所述处理电路还:
查询端口控制协议(PCP)服务器、用于网络地址转换的会话穿透工具(STUN)服务器、或者使用中继穿透网络地址转换(TURN)服务器。
7.如权利要求1所述的通信设备,其中所述直接模式通信路径包括基于电气和电子工程师协会(IEEE)802.11无线通信标准或者基于第三代合作伙伴项目(3GPP)标准的无线通信。
8.如权利要求7所述的通信设备,其中通过所述基础设施模式通信路径的通信包括基于蜂窝无线通信标准的通信。
9.一种通信设备,该通信设备在从直接模式通信路径切换至基础设施通信路径时维持针对在所述通信设备中执行的应用的会话连续性,所述通信设备包括进行以下操作的处理电路:
确定与所述通信设备的基础设施路径相对应的面向公共的地址;
通过所述直接模式通信路径向第二通信设备传输所述面向公共的地址;
通过所述基础设施路径从所述第二通信设备接收经封装的分组;
对所接收的经封装的分组进行解封装以获得包括与所述直接模式通信路径相对应的地址信息的分组;以及
将经解封装的分组提供给所述通信设备的应用层。
10.如权利要求9所述的通信设备,所述处理电路还:
通过所述直接模式通信路径从所述第二通信设备接收与所述第二通信设备的基础设施通信路径相对应的面向公共的地址。
11.如权利要求9所述的通信设备,所述处理电路还:
由所述通信设备对要被递送至所述第二通信设备的分组进行封装,所述封装基于与所述第二通信设备相对应的所述面向公共的地址;以及
由所述通信设备通过所述基础设施路径传输经封装的分组。
12.如权利要求9所述的通信设备,其中所述面向公共的地址包括互联网协议(IP)地址和端口号。
13.如权利要求9所述的通信设备,其中在确定所述面向公共的地址时,所述处理电路还:
查询端口控制协议(PCP)服务器、用于网络地址转换的会话穿透工具(STUN)服务器、或者使用中继穿透网络地址转换(TURN)服务器。
14.如权利要求9所述的通信设备,其中所述直接模式通信路径包括基于电气和电子工程师协会(IEEE)802.11无线通信标准或者基于第三代合作伙伴项目(3GPP)标准的无线通信。
15.一种用户设备(UE),包括:
存储指令的存储器;以及
至少一个处理器,该至少一个处理器执行由所述存储器存储的所述指令来:
使用通过基础设施路径形成的通信会话来与第二UE连接;以及
将与所述第二UE的通信路径从到所述第二UE的基础设施路径切换至到所述第二UE的直接无线通信路径,所述切换对于应用层处理透明地被执行,该应用层处理正在所述UE处执行并且正与所述第二UE通信。
16.如权利要求15所述的UE,其中当切换通信路径时,所述至少一个处理器还执行由所述存储器存储的所述指令来:
针对要通过所述直接无线通信路径传输至所述第二UE的分组,用所述UE在所述基础设施路径中的面向公共的地址替换所述分组的源地址字段;
用分别与所述UE和所述第二UE相对应的、通过所述直接无线通信路径的源地址字段和目的地地址字段来封装所述分组;以及
通过所述直接无线通信路径传输经封装的分组。
17.如权利要求16所述的UE,其中所述至少一个处理器还执行由所述存储器存储的所述指令来:
解封装通过所述直接无线通信路径从所述第二UE接收的分组,所述解封装包括用所述通信设备在所述基础设施路径中的私有地址替换所述分组的目的地地址字段;以及
将经解封装的分组提供给所述通信设备的应用层。
18.一种在从基础设施模式通信路径切换至直接模式通信路径时维持针对在通信设备中执行的应用的会话连续性的方法,所述方法包括:
由所述通信设备确定与所述通信设备的基础设施路径相对应的面向公共的地址;
针对要通过所述直接模式通信路径传输至第二通信设备的分组,由所述通信设备用所确定的面向公共的地址替换所述分组的源地址字段;
由所述通信设备用分别与所述通信设备和所述第二通信设备相对应的、通过所述直接模式通信路径的源地址字段和目的地地址字段来封装所述分组;以及
将经封装的分组传输至所述直接模式通信路径。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法,还包括:
由所述通信设备解封装通过所述直接模式通信路径从所述第二通信设备接收的分组,所述解封装包括用所述通信设备在所述基础设施路径中的私有地址替换所述分组的目的地地址字段;以及
将经解封装的分组提供给所述通信设备的应用层。
20.如权利要求18所述的方法,其中要通过所述直接模式通信路径传输的所述分组的所述源地址字段最初被所述通信设备创建为与所述通信设备的所述基础设施路径相对应的地址。
21.如权利要求18所述的方法,其中,经替换的源地址字段包括下述面向公共的地址:该面向公共的地址指代所述通信设备在所述基础设施路径中的私有地址。
22.如权利要求18所述的方法,其中所述面向公共的地址和所述源地址各自包括互联网协议(IP)地址和端口号。
23.如权利要求18所述的方法,其中确定所述面向公共的地址包括:
查询端口控制协议(PCP)服务器、用于网络地址转换的会话穿透工具(STUN)服务器、或者使用中继穿透网络地址转换(TURN)服务器。
24.如权利要求18所述的方法,其中所述直接模式通信路径包括基于电气和电子工程师协会(IEEE)802.11无线通信标准或者基于第三代合作伙伴项目(3GPP)标准的无线通信。
25.如权利要求24所述的方法,其中通过所述基础设施模式通信路径的通信包括基于蜂窝无线通信标准的通信。
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