CN104904556B - A kind of coastal salt-soda soil rainy season willow cutting forset-plantation method - Google Patents
A kind of coastal salt-soda soil rainy season willow cutting forset-plantation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104904556B CN104904556B CN201510403996.5A CN201510403996A CN104904556B CN 104904556 B CN104904556 B CN 104904556B CN 201510403996 A CN201510403996 A CN 201510403996A CN 104904556 B CN104904556 B CN 104904556B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of coastal salt-soda soil rainy season willow cutting forset-plantation method, including variety selection, the control of forest land level of ground water, soil improvement, make bed, covering with ground sheeting, afforestation, management.Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention：Rainy season rainfall is more, reproducing area Saline Alkali Stress effect is small, and willow is easy to germinating growth, and to after Withdrawal, willow can grow into 1 meter of height, by rational close planted, can effectively cover forest land, inhibit the effect of oozing of forest land salinity table；Raining season wooding can effectively evade the influence of spring drought, and for the Coastal beach reproducing area that no fresh water pours, rainy season cutting forset-plantation advantage is particularly evident；In addition, using cutting forset-plantation, cutting is fully inserted into soil, and the water holding capacity of wicker is stronger, improves the coastal salt-soda soil willow surrival rate of afforestation；Cutting forset-plantation is taken, consumption afforestation material is few, and the acquisition of kind item, transportational process are fast, and cost of forestation is low and convenient for the close linking for each environment of afforesting, and improves afforestation efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to afforestation technology field, especially a kind of coastal salt-soda soil rainy season willow cutting forset-plantation method.
Background technology
Coastal salt-soda soil forest can utilize soil layer shallow, and barren soil, hardened, poor air permeability, soil salt content is higher, simultaneously
Easily by arid, waterflooding and typhoon influence, and lack irrigation conditions, these unfavorable factors all can directly or indirectly cause along sea salt
Alkali field planting fails.Therefore, coastal saline-alkali soil forestation is always worldwide technological difficulties.It is made to break through coastal salt-soda soil
" forbidden zone " of woods, domestic and foreign scholars mainly carry out research of technique from afforestation variety selection, alkaline land improving technology etc..
1, afforestation variety selection
The seeds of China's salt tolerant species choice research are relatively fewer and focus mostly in arbor species.Carried out correlation to grind
Study carefully or there are the seeds of achievement in research to have willow, locust tree, metasequoia, willow, black pine, eucalyptus, diversiform-leaved poplar, bald cypress, Chinese wax, Chinese scholar tree, mulberry
The seeds such as tree, China tree and mangrove seeds.In terms of the shrub species afforested suitable for coastal area, research report is seldom, only exists
After 2000, just start pertinent literature occur, as Zhong Chonglu (2000) propose horse-tail will from kind, introduces a collection, family, clone
Each horizontal development Tree Species Selection；Hao Jinbiao etc. (2004) analyzes 5 aspects of limitation Along The Coast of Shandong Province shelter-forest Tree Species Selection
Barrier factors are introduced with regard to available arbor, shrub, herbaceous plant resource in Along The Coast of Shandong Province shelterbelt construction respectively.
On the whole, in the past 30 years, in addition to Chinese tamarisk, the material that can be afforested at present in the scale of Jiangsu Coastal salt-soda soil only has
The breeding of limited several seeds such as locust tree, American elm, China tree, middle mountain China fir, is arbor.Arbor species tree body is tall and big, root system is deep, and
Coastal difficulty effective soil layer is shallow, and the available soil layer of forest is usually no more than 10 centimetres, and lower soil is hardened, salinity is high, tree
The wooden root system cannot stretch into, this is coastal the main reason for difficulty arbor species are difficult to grow.Jiangsu forest-science academy more than 10 years is ground
Study carefully and show if not using the engineering measure of high intensity, jiangsu coast 0.3% and the above salt content on the spot, do not have still at present
There are arbor species that can grow.The heavy salin-alkali land afforestation technology that can be applied at present in coastal economic development zone is the work of high intensity
Journey afforestation technology, high cost, high intensity, the feature of environmental protection are poor, are unsuitable for scale afforestation production.
2, the afforestation advantage of shrub willow
Shrub seeds, can closing with compact planting, 1 year since root system is very shallow, lateral fibrous root is flourishing.Some are such as
The shrubs such as willow seeds have the biomass in unit area of bigger than arbor species, while root system, shoot and leaf growth amount accounting are big,
Nutrition is returned more.And the feature that shrub nutrition return amount is big and closing are fast can inhibit soil water evaporation and salinity table oozes, and promotees
Into soil improvement, the benign cycle of soil improvement and shrub growth is advantageously formed.These features determine shrub seeds
There is significant superiority than arbor class seeds in coastal difficult field planting.
In addition, shrub willow can be gathered in stump, growth cycle is short, the Management of forest stand period is flexible, and the period of felling in turn can be from 1 year to 3
Year.Can effectively evade can effectively resist the harm of coastal sporadic serious natural calamity.
3, salt reduction is improved the soil measure
The common salt-soda soil salt reduction of hydraulician is improved the soil measure, and the main purpose using hydraulic engineering measure is to control
Level of ground water.The technology mode that salt reduction hydraulic engineering generally takes circumlittoral agriculture " dry, branch, bucket, hair " mating, to prevent brine from falling
It fills, needs to configure forced-ventilated facility.Since fine-root is deep, growth cycle is long, the Standard General of coastal forestry hydraulic engineering
It should be higher than that agriculture standard.For arbor species, level of ground water need to be controlled at 1 meter or less；For shrub species, level of ground water needs
It controls at 0.6 meter or less.
In the area of not fresh water irrigation, salt, the cofferdam water storage desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching are mainly drenched by natural precipitation, and by pressing down salt measure
Reduce soil salinity.Since soil can alkalize as salinity declines, application of organic fertilizers, acidic fertilizier and phosphorus are generally required
Alkali drops in the substances such as fertilizer.The U.S. and Australian scholar are studies have shown that addition calcareous material, can reduce alkali-affected soil basicity, at present
It has been applied using gypsum improvement alkaline earth.Industrial waste can also be used for improveing salt-soda soil on a large scale, and country's report utilizes phosphorus stone
Cream, citric acid waste, desulfurated plaster and Methane fermented sludge, biogas slurry etc. improve alkaline earth, there is remarkable effect.
Biomass ameliorative measure, which can be played, increases soil fertility and microorganism, improves soil texture, inhibits soil moisture
The multi-effects such as evaporation, are advantageously implemented the benign cycle of Agroforestry ecosystem under salt marsh environment.Common biomass ameliorative measure has
Fertilizing is turned over using barnyard manure, straw-returning and green manuring plant, wherein green manuring is that both economical, effective improvement is arranged
It applies, common salt tolerant green manure plant mainly has clover, sesbania, cotton, corn etc..The application range that green manure is improved the soil by plant from
Limitation of the body to saline and alkaline, flooded stain and drought tolerance ability.
4, saline-alkali soil forestation technical measures
Coastal saline-alkali soil forestation technical measures are mainly around keeping away salt, soil moisture conservation, improve that standing forest is drought-resistant, salt tolerant, barren-resistant
Ability is carried out.There are the technologies such as Afforestation by lifting the field, the ridging of surface planting height, covering with ground sheeting and rhizosphere covering pressure salt using more.These technologies
Certain leaching salt is had in a short time every salt effect, for the arbor species of long period growth, due to ignoring forest depth root, life
The very long feature of long period can not fundamentally change the growing environment of trees, be applied if do not integrated with other technologies, general three
After 5 years, lower soil is easy the accumulation of salt in the surface soil, and tree growth is weak or dead, and arbor is also easily influenced and wind-fall by sea wind.But it is suitable for
The shrub species of shallow plowing class.
Every square metre of cost of forestation of the prior art is not used to scale afforestation production, secretly between 120 yuan to 200 yuan
Ditch engineering technology reproducing area needs to introduce the heterogeneous hard-degraded substance such as a large amount of sandstones, plastic tube, and forest can not be with lower soil
Form intact ecocystem；Although can be every salt, even if nothing if fine-root after lower soil nature salt reduction from now on
Method absorbs moisture and nutrition from underground, and standing forest needs periodically watering, is otherwise easy by drought stress, existing engineering technology due to
Be laid with after salt deposit, the growth soil layer of forest only has 60cm or so, influences the Seedling height of megaphanerophyte in future, the prior art due to
Layer of plants " earth-free gas " needs more irrigation to manage and protect cost after afforestation, and can not be answered in the place of not irrigation conditions
With.
Regional production condition and natural environment of the coastal area for building the ecological forest are poor, without irrigation conditions；And Jiangsu
Coastal area rainy season is distributed in July and August part, and spring can encounter arid often, this feature is that coastal area afforestation is easy
One of the main reason for failure.
Willow likes water, and transpiration rate is big, and water consumption is fast.When using planting by stock, under conditions of no fresh water pours or water
Not in time, afforestation nursery stock is easy to lose moisture.Therefore, common to willow afforestation spike top phenomenon, coastal area in afforestation production
It is particularly evident.
Invention content
It provides the invention aims to solve the deficiency of prior art problem and a kind of improving coastal salt-soda soil willow and make
Woods survival rate significantly reduces the coastal salt-soda soil rainy season willow that strongly salined soil afforestation cost, closing of crop are rapid, growth is neat
Cutting forset-plantation method.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented according to following technical scheme：
A kind of coastal salt-soda soil rainy season willow cutting forset-plantation method, includes the following steps：
1) variety selection：Select shrub Liu Suliu 52-2,2345 Su Liu and arbor Liu Suliu 1011 or Su Liu 1010 or
One kind in other saline-alkali tolerant fast-growing willow kinds；
2) forest land level of ground water controls：For the plot that needs are afforested, drainage system inside and outside forest land is penetrated through, shrub kind is made
Level of ground water control level of ground water in 0.6 meter or less, arbor kind afforestation is controlled at 1 meter or less when woods；
3) soil improvement：Start within 1 year in advance soil improvement, applies the cow dung of 8 tons of fresh weight or more in mid-November, the 1st, has
2 tons of machine fertilizer or more ploughs deeply 40 centimetres, and next year plants 6 kgs/acre of Trifolium repense, applies 30 kilograms of calcium superphosphate；Plough deeply May bury,
Leveling earth.
4) make bed：Took high bed to afforest before rainy season early July, reproducing area dug every 30 meters 40 centimetres of depths, 60 centimetres wide
Gutter, cutting bed bed surface is 1.2 meters wide, it is 30 meters, adjacent two long between dig 30 centimetres wide, 20 centimetres of depths ditch, before making bed, often
Mu applies 3 kgs/acre of water-retaining agent；
5) covering with ground sheeting：After the completion of building bed, with the degradable covering with ground sheeting seedbed of black；
6) it afforests：It afforests when rainy season starts mid-July, kind item is with cutting with inserting, using annual seedling stem clip cuttings,
1 centimetre of top diameter or more, long 15 centimetres and the cuttings cuttage of diameter and the long standard deviation of item no more than 10% are afforested, bud when cuttage
Upwards, straight cutting, cuttings upper end are concordant with bed surface, every longitudinal 2 row of cuttage (1 row of arbor kind cuttage), 0.4 meter of spacing in the rows, line-spacing
Not less than 1.0 meters, mulch breakage mouth, especially cuttings are compacted with fine earth after afforestation and transplant the damaged mouth of seedling root mulch, most
The cutted straw clayed aluminium alloy of 5 cm thicks is in the ranks covered afterwards；
7) it manages：After cutting forset-plantation, willow germinates after 3 to 5 days, pushes straw after germination aside in time, makes not influence nursery stock life
Long, after Plastic-film disintegration breakage, when weeds germinate, with small-sized machine, in the ranks, rotary tillage is loosened the soil and weeding.After end of the year after-culture is short of seedling, entirely
Portion's stump.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention：
1, rainy season rainfall is more, reproducing area Saline Alkali Stress effect is small, and willow is easy to germinating growth, to after Withdrawal, willow
1 meter of height can have been grown into, by rational close planted, forest land can have effectively been covered, inhibit the effect of oozing of forest land salinity table；
2, Raining season wooding can effectively evade the influence of spring drought, for the reproducing area that no fresh water pours, rainy season cutting forset-plantation
Advantage is particularly evident.In addition, using cutting forset-plantation, cutting is fully inserted into soil, and the water holding capacity of wicker is stronger, is improved along sea salt
The alkali ground willow surrival rate of afforestation；
3, cutting forset-plantation is taken, consumption afforestation material is few, and the acquisition of kind item, transportational process are fast, and cost of forestation is low and is convenient for
It afforests the close linking of each environment, improves afforestation efficiency.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to specific embodiment, the invention will be further described, in the illustrative examples and explanation of the invention
For explaining the present invention, but it is not as a limitation of the invention.
A kind of salt-soda soil rainy season willow cutting forset-plantation method, includes the following steps：
1) variety selection：Select shrub Liu Suliu 52-2,2345 Su Liu and arbor Liu Suliu 1011 or Su Liu 1010 or
One kind in other saline-alkali tolerant fast-growing willow kinds；
2) forest land level of ground water controls：For the plot that needs are afforested, drainage system inside and outside forest land is penetrated through, shrub kind is made
Level of ground water control level of ground water in 0.6 meter or less, arbor kind afforestation is controlled at 1 meter or less when woods；
3) soil improvement：Start within 1 year in advance soil improvement, applies the cow dung of 8 tons of fresh weight or more in mid-November, the 1st, has
2 tons of machine fertilizer or more ploughs deeply 40 centimetres, and next year plants 6 kgs/acre of Trifolium repense, applies 30 kilograms of calcium superphosphate；Plough deeply May bury,
Leveling earth；
4) make bed：Took high bed to afforest before rainy season early July, reproducing area dug every 30 meters 40 centimetres of depths, 60 centimetres wide
Gutter, cutting bed bed surface is 1.2 meters wide, it is 30 meters, adjacent two long between dig 30 centimetres wide, 20 centimetres of depths ditch, before making bed, often
Mu applies 3 kgs/acre of water-retaining agent；
5) covering with ground sheeting：After the completion of building bed, with the degradable covering with ground sheeting seedbed of black；
6) it afforests：It afforests when rainy season starts mid-July, kind item is with cutting with inserting, using annual seedling stem clip cuttings,
1 centimetre of top diameter or more, long 15 centimetres and the cuttings cuttage of diameter and the long standard deviation of item no more than 10% are afforested, bud when cuttage
Upwards, straight cutting, cuttings upper end are concordant with bed surface, every two row of longitudinal cuttage, 0.4 meter of spacing in the rows, and line-spacing is not less than 1.0 meters, afforestation
Afterwards with the damaged mouth of fine earth compacting mulch breakage mouth, especially cuttings and plant seedling root mulch, 5 cm thicks are finally in the ranks covered
Cutted straw clayed aluminium alloy；
7) it manages：After planting by stock, willow germinates after 3 to 5 days, pushes straw after germination aside in time, makes not influence nursery stock life
Long, after Plastic-film disintegration breakage, when weeds germinate, with small-sized machine, in the ranks, rotary tillage is loosened the soil and weeding.After end of the year after-culture is short of seedling, entirely
Portion's stump.
In order to verify the feasibility of the present invention, 2010 and 2011 in 2009 are in Yancheng City Dafeng City of Jiangsu Province towns Cao Miao
The strongly salined soil of 0.5% or more coastal salt content on the spot, using the present invention builds 60 mu, 20 mu and 40 mu of shrub osiery respectively, often
4000 plants/acre of mu afforestation, willow survival rate respectively reaches 85%, 93% and 95%, and current year height of seedling respectively reaches 0.9 meter, 1.3 meters
With 1.2 meters, averagely 1.0 centimetres to 1.4 centimetres of ground diameter, next year standing forest complete canopy of afforesting, has been more than national ecological public welfare forests
Relevant criterion.
Technical scheme of the present invention is not limited to the limitation of above-mentioned specific embodiment, every to do according to the technique and scheme of the present invention
The technology deformation gone out, each falls within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of coastal salt-soda soil rainy season willow cutting forset-plantation method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
1) variety selection：Select shrub Liu Suliu 52-2,2345 Su Liu, arbor Liu Suliu 1011, Su Liu 1010, other saline-alkali tolerants
One kind in fast-growing willow kind；
2) forest land level of ground water controls：For the plot that needs are afforested, drainage system inside and outside forest land, shrub kind reproducing area are penetrated through
Lower water level control is at 0.6 meter hereinafter, water level control is at 1 meter or less under arbor kind reproducing area；
3) soil improvement：Start within 1 year in advance soil improvement, applies the cow dung of 8 tons of fresh weight or more, organic fertilizer 2 in mid-November, the 1st
Ton or more, 40 centimetres are ploughed deeply, next year plants 6 kgs/acre of Trifolium repense, applies 30 kilograms of calcium superphosphate；It ploughs deeply May and buries, flattens
Soil；
4) make bed：High bed was taken to afforest before rainy season early July, reproducing area digs 40 centimetres of depths, 60 centimetres of wide drainings every 30 meters
Ditch, cutting bed bed surface is 1.2 meters wide, it is 30 meters, adjacent two long between dig 30 centimetres wide, 20 centimetres of depths ditch, before making bed, apply per acre
With 3 kgs/acre of water-retaining agent；
5) covering with ground sheeting：After the completion of building bed, with the degradable covering with ground sheeting seedbed of black；
6) it afforests：Rainy season mid-July afforests when starting, the cuttage when rainy season starts, and using annual seedling stem clip cuttings, plants item
With cutting with inserting, kind item is cut into 1 centimetre of top diameter or more, long 15 centimetres and the cuttings of diameter and the long standard deviation of item no more than 10%
Cutting forset-plantation, when cuttage bud upwards, straight cutting, cuttings upper end it is concordant with bed surface, every two row of longitudinal direction cuttage, 0.4 meter of spacing in the rows, line-spacing
Not less than 1.0 meters, it is compacted mulch breakage mouth with fine earth after afforestation, finally in the ranks covers the cutted straw clayed aluminium alloy of 5 cm thicks；
7) it manages：After cutting forset-plantation, willow germinates after 3 to 5 days, pushes straw after germination aside in time, makes not influence seedling growth, ground
After membrane degradation breakage, when weeds germinate, with small-sized machine, in the ranks, rotary tillage is loosened the soil and weeding, all flat after end of the year after-culture is short of seedling
Stubble.
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105638199B (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2018-11-06 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | A method of the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching of catchmenting water conservation improves the beach saline land quick growing species of trees surrival rate of afforestation |
| CN110754230A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-02-07 | 南京林业大学 | Simple cutting seedling raising method for high-yield forest of salix dustpan |
| CN111492876B (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2022-07-15 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | Forest and grass optimal configuration method for repairing middle-age and young-age degenerated protection forest in saline-alkali soil |
| CN115088577A (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-09-23 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | Mechanical Taitian afforestation method for coastal beach saline-alkali soil |
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| CN101322470A (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2008-12-17 | 北京林业大学 | Coast saline-alkali soil forestation method |
| CN101743882A (en) * | 2009-12-29 | 2010-06-23 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | A kind of drip irrigation greening forestation method for saline-alkali land in coastal areas |
| CN103392456A (en) * | 2013-03-20 | 2013-11-20 | 北京林业大学 | Method for conducting afforestation on saline-alkali soil |
| CN103843559A (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2014-06-11 | 南京大学连云港高新技术研究院 | Method of landscaping planting of coastal dredger fill saline and alkaline land |
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2015
- 2015-07-10 CN CN201510403996.5A patent/CN104904556B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101322470A (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2008-12-17 | 北京林业大学 | Coast saline-alkali soil forestation method |
| CN101743882A (en) * | 2009-12-29 | 2010-06-23 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | A kind of drip irrigation greening forestation method for saline-alkali land in coastal areas |
| CN103392456A (en) * | 2013-03-20 | 2013-11-20 | 北京林业大学 | Method for conducting afforestation on saline-alkali soil |
| CN103843559A (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2014-06-11 | 南京大学连云港高新技术研究院 | Method of landscaping planting of coastal dredger fill saline and alkaline land |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 沿海滩涂竹柳直插造林技术;白善军等;《现代农业科技》;20100731;第241页左栏第2段至右栏第4段 * |
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