CN1602665A - Rice cultivation technology - Google Patents

Abstract

The three exceeded technique of rice cultivate belong to approach of vegetable cultivate. This technique include the use of standard two hundred rice seeds about five kilogram per hectare single big bowl orientation in early time, sow the seeds sparsely broad line single cultivation, fertilize by human operation in whole process irrigate in cycle with fleet, wet and dry. This invention prolonged the time and space of rice cultivation and season, in favor of the rice quality, yield, steady and resistance in cold region.

Description

The paddy rice three training technical method that overloads

Technical field

The invention belongs to the proportion of crop planting agricultural method, relate to mainly that high-quality super hybridization rice kind is selected for use, the technical method of the super thin planting of wide row and safe super high-yielding.

Background technology

At present, cold ground of paddy rice " dry-raising and sparse-planting " high-yield culture technique is northern China cold area popularizing one of agronomic technique comparatively widely, because it has been fit to the natural conditions such as weather of the northern area of China, and compare with conventional method and to have the output of raising, improve rice quality, save plurality of advantages such as seed, be subjected to the welcome of paddy rice plantation peasant household deeply.But, because the sowing time of dry-raising and sparse-planting agronomy is later, take the heavy seeding of non-location again, weak seedling is early inserted, dense planting, excessive, the growth disorder effects limit such as the consumption amount of growth is excessive, the later stage fertility decays of short, basic too much, the basic fetilizer for tillering of the seedling breeding time that this method is existed the further raising of rice yield and quality.

Summary of the invention

Purpose of the present invention is exactly technical problem and the defective that exists at cold ground of above-mentioned paddy rice dry-raising and sparse-planting agricultural method, research provides a kind of paddy rice three training technical method that overloads, do colony in the hope of building up high light efficiency super high-yielding rice, reach the purpose that improves rice yield and quality by a relatively large margin.

Basic design of the present invention is: the paddy rice three training technical method that overloads comprises that kind is selected for use, the strong seedling of many tillers is cultivated, fertilising rice transplanting, field are poured water, weeding and the extermination of disease and insect pest, emergency measure agronomic technique:

1., in the kind selected technology, choose standardization " two hundred " high quality seed of germination rate 100%, full grain rate 100%, 3.5-6.5kg takes by weighing standby by the per hectare consumption;

2., in cultivating more than the strong seedling agronomic technique of 2 the many tillers of homogeneous coldly, adopt originally single or super early stage, the super light seeding method sowing in the big alms bowl body of two basis location, be that super light seeding is every square metre of positioning planting 60-100g seed between annual 25-April 5 March its sowing date;

3., in fertilising rice transplanting agronomic technique, adopts wide row single this or two this cultivation method, line-spacing 36-43cm, every cave list seedling or double seedlings must carry out rice transplanting behind latest frost, transplanting date is between 22-May 30 May in every year;

4., fertilizer practice adopts artificial omnidistance deep placement fertilizer method, executes before its base fertilizer turns over, topdress in conjunction with dry field " crackle seepage, with water band nitrogen " subsoil application;

5., the field pours water in the agronomic technique, " the shallow wet dried cyclic irrigation method " of taking no water layer to irrigate, promptly in rice on honda except that the operation water, the periodicity of not building water layer is crossed water and is irrigated.

The present invention is according to " prolong and expand nutrition space-time; discharge productive potential; strengthen double comb (influences of plant crown; root system canopy) performance " volume increase principle, by selecting the high-quality super hybridization rice for use, the strong seedling of the many tillers of homogeneous is cultivated in big alms bowl body location, wide capable single (or two) this optimum period, transplant, artificial omnidistance deep placement fertilizer, the agronomic technique method that no water layer control water is irrigated, prolong and expanded rice nutrition time and space, the harmony and the synchronism of fertility of light-use and paddy rice and locality process in season have been improved, the high-quality that helps paddy rice, high yield, stable yields, improve resistance against disadvantage, have volume increase, abridged edition, the effect of synergy.Its basic fundamental method also is suitable for other rice districts and uses.

Embodiment

Give an actual example below and be elaborated.Paddy rice three overload the training technical method as follows:

1, kind is selected for use

Select for use can normally ear in the locality, plant type compactness, strong stress resistance, leaf clean and jerk that safety is ripe, specific leaf weight is big, yielding ability outstanding and colory large spike or intermediate form kind, seed purity 〉=99%, germination rate 100%, full grain rate 100%.Choose standby for 5 kilograms by per hectare.

2, the strong seedling of many tillers is cultivated

(1) strong seedling standard

The strong seedling standard of many tillers is the length of time rice seedlings grow 〉=40 day, leaf age 〉=5.5, band tiller 〉=2.About plant height 20cm, circularity 〉=0.5, its mode of appearance is that real short strong, sturdy flat, the neat many tillers of base portion of pier, leaf clean and jerk, plant are rich in elastic force.

(2) the fertile bed in choosing ground

Select smooth loose, fertile soil, good, the leeward dry land that faces south of draining to do special-purpose seedling field.The promotion summer is equipped with soil, and the autumn is played bed, and specification is suited measures to local conditions.Follow the principle of " soil, the earlier strong root of strong seedling are educated in seedling earlier ", the bed soil of throughout the year fostering and apply fertilizer is set up the permanent field of growing seedlings, and the fertile 1.5m of high-quality farming is used in the rice seedling bed after moving seedling in a large number ³/ 100m ², evenly turn over rake and apply topsoil, make the native content of organic matter of bed reach 40%-60%.

(3) seed treatment

Attach most importance to seed treatment programs such as strictness is followed and tried bud, basks seeds, chooses seeds, soaks seed, sterilization, vernalization, the bud that dries in the air to prevent and treat bakanae disease.Chest is extremely broken in vernalization, showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally gets final product.

(4) big-and-middle canopy is grown seedlings

The big-and-middle canopy general high 1.8-2.2m of specification that grows seedlings, wide 6m, long 20m.Canopy cloth is wanted open and close type.Be super early sowing, should just get bed soil ready, put up frame, button canopy cloth, change bed soil before March 5 at last 1 year.

(5) seeding in nursery bed

Adopt single this or the big alms bowl body super light seeding in location in two basis 352 holes, super early stage seeding and seedling raising breeding method, sowing date be annual March 25 between April 5, morning is good more relatively more under the prerequisite of assurance temperature; Super light seeding is every square metre of positioning planting amount 60-100g.1., put bed and handle the agronomy process is: seedling in earthen bowl:: execute for every square metre and smash thin pig manure 5kg, and add the turfy soil or the mountain region humus soil of same amount or add sulphur ammonium 50g, two ammonium 30g, potash fertilizer 20g, evenly admix in the dark bed soil of 50cm, water sterilization is watered in leveling then, enter the balance state, bed soil wants loose in order to balance; 2., preparation nutrition soil: with 20% mountain region humus soil or turfy soil, add 70% fertile dry land black earth (wherein also can add 20% paddy field soil), add 10% pig manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed that sieves, per hectare need be prepared the 1500kg composite soil.Then every 400kg composite soil adds sulphur ammonium 500g, two ammonium 500g, potash fertilizer 250g (use using by its explanation of nutritional agents, one bag gets final product), and then adds the 480g water absorbing agent, is used for 20m ²The alms bowl dish.Per hectare needs 400 left and right sides disc types; 3., that the fine earth that sieves is tiled in bed surface 3cm is thick, water vola water near full close degree after, by the bed surface balance that designs, dish is with bed, dish and coil closely to be connected the space can not be arranged.The dress soil or finish back dress soil while putting is filled the soil back and is wipeed off and water water sterilization (then exempting from this program with nutritional agents), carries out program request with the positioning planting device then, 1 (2) in every hole, the seed amount of broadcasting 60-100g/m ², cover then and sieve fine earth and carry out medicament sealing processing.

(6) seedbed management

A, inspection: it is dried whether bed surface falls, and water deficient teeming at once is permeable; Seedling be unearthed see green promptly remove mulch film and ventilate exhale pernicious gases evaporation bed surface excessive moisture.

B, temperature: sealing insulation before emerging, see green i.e. ventilation after being unearthed, 1 leaf phase did not surpass 30 degree, and 2 leaf phases did not surpass 25 degree, and 3 leaf phases were no more than 20 degree, inserted preceding 3-5 days same ambient temperatures.

C, moisture: alms bowl physical culture seedling and separation layer are grown seedlings than easy lack of water, and it is masked as rice shoot, and dewdrops are few sooner or later, rice shoot blade clot during ventilation; Putting bed grows seedlings: protect the native moisture of bed before emerging, emerge to the control of 3 leaf phases and water.3 leaf after dates water as required in good time, and moisture requirement is at 80%-90% on the bed.

D, diseases prevention: every square metre of 1 heart stage of 1 leaf, spray with 1000 times of liquid of 2.5g fenaminosulf, the prevention damping off, or be equipped with medicine with other.

E, topdress: drought is educated alms bowl physical culture seedling should take the circumstances into consideration in good time supplementary fertilizer.Dry bed does not generally topdress, and the liquid fertilizer during as fertilizer deficiency more than 100 times sprays, and then uses flushing with clean water two times.

3, fertilising rice transplanting

(1) site preparation and fertilization

A, Fertilization Level: next year execute fertile (the comprising straw-returning) 30m of farming ³/ hm ², execute N amount 120-150kg/hm ², N: P: K=4: 2: 1.

B, fertilizing method: artificial omnidistance deep placement fertilizer; Base fertilizer N, P, K total amount about 50% in turn over preceding or the rake before holostrome apply.Topdress full N about 25% before left and right sides ear differentiation on July 1 in conjunction with the dry field deep placement.About 15% and the potassium 50% of N in about July 15 before the grain husk flower differentiation in conjunction with the dry field deep placement.Super-high-yielding Cultivation is not generally executed striking root fertilizer, tillering fertilizer.

(2) rationally transplant

A, transplanting time: in local latest frost after date, be generally between annual 22-May 30 May, rice shoot band medicine is ground down.

B, density of transplants and specification: wide capable Dan Benchao thin planting, according to breediness and strong seedling degree, soil fertility, the rice transplanting morning and evening, line-spacing 36-43cm (11-13 cun), the cave is apart from 17-20cm (4-6 cun), every cave 1-2 seedling;

C, quality requirement: shallowly insert, row is straight, the cave is straight, the cave just, nest root not.The cultivation of backguy standard guarantees the phase of inserting, and guarantees specification.

4, control water is irrigated

Carry out except that operation (comprise the soaked field, rake the soil level, transplanting, seedling-protection, dispenser, fertilising etc.) water at rice on honda (not comprising water leaking paddy field, accumulated water field, saline land), do not set up the periodicity of water layer and cross the water irrigation, particularly well irrigation rice district and irrigation by pumping district more should be like this, concrete operation method is: mud is showed in the field, and the water of crossing that the pin nest does not have water not set up water layer is again irrigated.Preceding water is not seen below water, and effective tiller dry field in latter stage to field face has big crackle.

5, weeding and prevention and elimination of disease and pests

(1) weeding: A, chemical weed control are pressed the weed killer herbicide explanation and are used (advocate and insert preceding sealing, select for use the production of respective green rice to allow the low toxicity highy potent herbicide that uses according to the weeds situation); B, artificial weeding secondary were finished before the shooting stage in paddy rice.And require to cut the ridge grass 1 time.

(2) diseases prevention: A, rice blast block leaf pest infection center the first tenday period of a month in July, mu is used 50% Isoprothiolane 75mL, 800-1000 times of liquid control ear stem pest, and spray is once or use other pharmacopoeia more in case of necessity after the heading.B, other disease are when the time comes by the method integrated control.(noting not using green rice to produce banned pesticides).

(3) deinsectization: ground under rice seedling bed spray medicine when transplanting date is late partially, 800 times of liquid 33kg of spray 40% Rogor after transplanting.Also can every mu use the 2-25mL decis, convert the water of respective amount, all be sprayed in the paddy field water either, also can mix and execute in conjunction with weed killer herbicide.The thick kinds of stem stalk such as east agricultural V4, V7 are prevented and treated snout moth's larva in the shooting stage with Rogor or decis.

6, emergency measure

Emergency measure is as a sport technique segment must establishing in the rice high yield cultivation process, and it is dynamic to grasp paddy rice fertility and environment thereof at any time.In case find paddy growth the trend of modes of departure is arranged, should promptly take corresponding measure to be proofreaied and correct and remedy.As check in June 25 field and tiller that not reach the plan stem several 70%, then should enrich topdressing before the ear differentiation of respective amount in advance, to guarantee the stem number and to increase number of grain per ear, adjust the fringe kernel structure and guarantee yield index; When having the stem of surpassing to count trend, the related technical measures such as roasting field of should falling into water in advance; The presence of low temperature in booting stage answers deep water to protect tire; Should consider when transplanting date is delayed to seal weed eradication etc. in advance, remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing sign is arranged, in time take to use and remove ripener, morning accelerating measures such as water.

The paddy rice three training technical method that overloads, in Tieli City, Heilongjiang Province, Wuchang City, Baoqing County, Fangzheng County with build in the culture technique study area test of the land-reclaimable branch office in three rivers, the strong seedling band tiller of the many tillers of homogeneous is Duoed 2.5 than the thin planting cultivation, Duos 2.2 than super thin planting; The super early sowing in location of single (two) grain shifts to an earlier date about 15 days than thin planting, super thin planting, and super light seeding economizes kind of an about 2/3-1/2 than thin planting, super thin planting; Single (two) this cultivation of wide row enlarges 6.6cm than thin planting, super thin planting; Rice transplanting was than late about 15 days of thin planting, the cultivation of super thin planting behind the latest frost; 648.8 kilograms/mu of test point average yields, wherein the high-yield field piece reaches 813.3 kilograms/mu.

Claims (1)

1, a kind of paddy rice three training technical method that overloads comprises that kind is selected for use, the strong seedling of many tillers is cultivated, fertilising rice transplanting, field are poured water, weeding and the extermination of disease and insect pest, emergency measure agronomic technique, it is characterized in that:

1., in the kind selected technology, choose standardization " two hundred " high quality seed of germination rate 100%, full grain rate 100%, 3.5-6.5kg takes by weighing standby by the per hectare consumption;

2., in cultivating more than the strong seedling agronomic technique of 2 the many tillers of homogeneous coldly, adopt originally single or super early stage, the super light seeding method sowing in the big alms bowl body of two basis location, be that super light seeding is every square metre of positioning planting 60-100g seed between annual 25-April 5 March its sowing date;

3., in fertilising rice transplanting agronomic technique, adopts wide row single this or two this cultivation method, line-spacing 36-43cm, every cave list seedling or double seedlings must carry out rice transplanting behind latest frost, transplanting date is between 22-May 30 May in every year;

4., fertilizer practice adopts artificial omnidistance deep placement fertilizer method, executes before its base fertilizer turns over, topdress in conjunction with dry field " crackle seepage, with water band nitrogen " subsoil application;

5., the field pours water in the agronomic technique, " the shallow wet dried cyclic irrigation method " of taking no water layer to irrigate, promptly in rice on honda except that the operation water, the periodicity of not building water layer is crossed water and is irrigated.