CN102893856A - Method for breeding high-quality high-yield multi-resistance widely adoptable new species paddy rice in simplified mode - Google Patents
Method for breeding high-quality high-yield multi-resistance widely adoptable new species paddy rice in simplified mode Download PDFInfo
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- CN102893856A CN102893856A CN2012102713339A CN201210271333A CN102893856A CN 102893856 A CN102893856 A CN 102893856A CN 2012102713339 A CN2012102713339 A CN 2012102713339A CN 201210271333 A CN201210271333 A CN 201210271333A CN 102893856 A CN102893856 A CN 102893856A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for culturing a plant seed, which belongs to the genetic breeding field. Under the new situation of agriculture production, the simplified breeding (transplanting by machine and rice direct seeding) gradually becomes a main cultivation mode in a rice production area, the simplified breeding becomes an important breeding object, simultaneously, because that the cost of labor force is increased, the simplification of a paddy rice breeding method is an inevitable trend. A method for breeding a high-quality high-yield multi-resistance widely adoptable new species paddy rice in a simplified mode is used, through direct seeding and transplanting key technologies, problems and disadvantages existed in a present breeding technology can be solved, a breeding program is improved, the labor force expense is minimized, the selection efficiency is increased; by aiming at the simplified culture on production, and the new species paddy rice suitable for a plurality of rice planting modes such as transplanting by machine and direct seeding with high quality, high yield, multiple resistance, wide adoption can be cultured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of breeding method of plant seed, more specifically to a kind of light simple seed selection high-quality, high yield, the method that resists, extensively fits the japonica rice new varieties more.
Background technology
Paddy rice is the first crop of China, is divided into Xian, two subspecies of round-grained rice.Japonica rice, growing area mainly are distributed in three provinces in the northeast of China and the ground such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui, and wherein three provinces in the northeast of China and Jiangsu account for 69% of the national japonica rice gross area.Have very important status and effect.High-quality, high yield, many anti-, wide fitting are the primary breeding objectives of China japonica rice always; Under new production situation, gently simplify planting type (transplanting and Direct-seeding Rice) and progressively become the main planting type in japonica rice main producing region, should gently simplify the cultivation feature also as important breeding objective; Simultaneously, since the labor cost rising, young labour's structural disappearance, and the light simplification of rice breeding method also is inexorable trend.The paddy rice scientific worker should simplify the procedure of breeding, reduces labour's expenditure, simplifies cultivation for light in the present production again, selects the new varieties that mode is made in the suitable machine transplanting of rice, the rice such as live.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve above-mentioned problems of the prior art with not enough, a kind of procedure of breeding of improvement is provided, namely based on high-quality, high yield, the disease-resistant procedure of breeding, increase the selection pressure in multiple life (attitude) border, to improve efficiency of selection, thereby the high-quality of cultivating, high yield, many anti-, wide suitable japonica rice new varieties, large scale application on producing realizes the developing goal of " high-quality, highly efficient and productive, ecological, safety ".
The applicant is through repetition test for many years, in many hybridization schemes and selection, find, following breeding method can be realized goal of the invention well, the problem that exists to solve prior art, a kind of light simple seed selection high-quality of the present invention, high yield, many breeding methods anti-, extensively suitable japonica rice may further comprise the steps:
A) selection has parent's hybridization of anti-dense planting, anti-late sowing, the strong stalk of strong root, the characteristics such as the bud gesture is strong, product are of fine quality, good, the comprehensive premunition of yielding ability is strong, ripe Xiang Jia, gets crossbreed F
0
B) with F
0Seed presoaking and germinating is removed hybrid strain, the mixed capacity F that receives
1Seed.
C) with F
2From generation to generation in good time early sowing, the colony about 1500 strains is planted in single the machine planting, do not prevent and treat rice fulgorid seedling stage in order to the generation of stripe virus disease and black streak dwarf, select high yield, high-quality, disease-resistant, in individual plant of short stem, the poor individual plant of indoor superseded exterior quality, quality better be mixed into F
3Seed.
D) with F
3Seed also can adopt the measures such as reasonable late sowing, live, the low Nitrogen Level of high density, the mixed receipts of removal limit strain at growing area, gather in the crops to get F
4
E) with F
4The in good time early sowing of seed, the colony about 1500 strains is planted in single the machine planting, do not prevent and treat rice fulgorid seedling stage in order to the generation of stripe virus disease and black streak dwarf, again select high yield, high-quality, disease-resistant, in suitable individual plant of of short stem, ripe phase, the poor individual plant of indoor superseded exterior quality, quality better be F
5
F) with individual plant F
5Set up strain in growing area, in good time early sowing, individual plant transplanting, do not prevent and treat rice fulgorid seedling stage in order to the generation of stripe virus disease and black streak dwarf, carry out panicle blast and bacterial leaf-blight inoculated identification booting stage, select high-quality, high yield, the some parts of comprehensive disease-resistant strong stable strain, respectively single the receipts.
G) roguing system in some part is carried out one kind of three kinds of date of seeding and plant variety comparative test or the approval test of mode, and the strange land multi-point joint identifies, thereby select high-quality, high yield, many anti-, wide suitable Keng rice lines.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
The present invention selects kind and has following beneficial effect:
1. in the Breeding Process, once live, the planting of secondary list the machine has reduced the workloads of three generations relatively, has alleviated labour intensity, greatly reduces labour's expenditure.
2. anti-late sowing is planted and dense planting late, should gently simplify cultivation
In growing area early sowing, select on the medium genotypic basis of basic nutrition type, in Hainan or the growing area late sowing select the strong genotype of sensitization, again through the live natural selection of a plurality of generation high density; The anti-late sowing of the strain that brings out, anti-dense planting, strong root are strengthened stalk, the bud gesture is strong.It adapts to multiple planting patterns, should gently simplify cultivation.
2. yielding ability is good, wide adaptability, and colony's Self-regulation ability is strong
Segregative generation is live, under high density choice of habitat pressure, the bud gesture is strong, tillering ability early, the genotype of strong tiller, high light efficiency more easily becomes fringe, maturation.Individual plant is under transplanting condition, and growing way is good, Self-regulation ability is strong, and the stem stalk is sturdy, fertilizer resistance anti-lodging.Again through the screening of strange land multiple spot, wide accommodation.
3. comprehensive resistance is good, ripe mutually good
The segregative generation high density is live, and the anti-stripe virus disease of the strain that brings out, rice blast and bacterial leaf-blight, anti-black streak dwarf, anti-banded sclerotial blight are identified under the contour selection pressure in conjunction with connecing disease (worm) in multiple life (attitude) border.Other mixed natural disposition diseases of field are light, ripe lover of later stage.
4, kind is good, and commodity is good
The segregative generation high density is live lower, and the genotypic competition power of be in the milk with the later stage (maturity is high) that the bud gesture is strong is strong, and large grain is heavy in indirectly selecting; Through for many years screening of exterior quality, the grains are plump for the strain that brings out again, and commodity is good, quality better.
The subordinate list explanation
The specification subordinate list is breeding pedigree signal table of the present invention (to press down 5223 as example)
It is as shown in the table, and town 5233 is that Jiangsu Feng Yuan kind is for No. 14 maternal with the town rice already, does paternal hybrid for No. 5 with the Huaihe River rice, through 2 generation (F
2, F
4) carry out artificial selection in seedling culturing machine planting of positive season of growing area mode, in conjunction with 1 generation (F
3) carry out in growing area or Hainan that high density is live, inoculation (disease) is identified, through the artificial transplanting of 1 generation, the natural selection of multiple diseases is cultivated and is formed again, and it has should gently simplify cultivation, high-quality, high yield, many anti-, wide suitable slow ripe middle round-grained rice new lines.
Embodiment
Further specify breeding method of the present invention below in conjunction with subordinate list.
Breeding method:
A) select to have high-quality, anti-stripe virus disease, yielding ability is good, strong, the anti-late sowing of colony's Self-regulation ability is planted late, in the slow ripe middle round-grained rice town rice of characteristic of short stem be for No. 14 hybridization of female parent, the slow ripe middle round-grained rice Huaihe River rice that the leaf attitude of selected plant is good, product are of fine quality (especially brown rice yield), ripe mutually good, strong root is strengthened stalk, the bud gesture is strong, premunition is strong makes male parent No. 5, obtains F
0Seed;
B) with F
0Seed is removed hybrid strain at Lingshui, Hainan presoaking and germinating, the mixed capacity F that receives
1Seed (140 gram).
C) with F
2From generation to generation in the in good time early sowing of Transition In Jurong, Jiangsu (Jurong, May 18), single the machine planting, plant the colony about 1500 strains, do not prevent and treat rice fulgorid seedling stage in order to the generation of stripe virus disease and black streak dwarf, select 66 parts of precocity, high yield, high-quality, disease-resistant individual plants, through indoor outward appearance quality-screening, eliminate 30 strains, mixed 36 strains become F
3Seed.
D) with F
3In Lingshui, Hainan, adopt live, the low Nitrogen Level plantation of high density from generation to generation, remove the mixed harvest F of limit strain
4Seed.
E) with F
4From generation to generation in the in good time early sowing of Transition In Jurong, Jiangsu (Jurong, May 18), single the machine planting, plant the colony about 1500 strains, do not prevent and treat rice fulgorid seedling stage in order to the generation of stripe virus disease and black streak dwarf, select 81 parts of precocity, high yield, high-quality, disease-resistant individual plants, through indoor outward appearance quality-screening, eliminate 50 strains, 31 strains become F
5Seed.
F) with F
5From generation to generation set up 31 parts of strains in Transition In Jurong, Jiangsu, individual plant transplanting is not is not prevented and treated rice fulgorid seedling stage in order to the generation of stripe virus disease and black streak dwarf, and the fringe phase is carried out rice blast and bacterial leaf-blight inoculated identification, selects 6 parts of high-quality, high yield, disease-resistant stable strains, and single the receipts is F
6Seed.
G) with (F of roguing system in 6 parts
6) plant mode (May 18 seedling raising and transplanting, May 30 transplanting, June 15 Direct-seeding Rice) in one kind of Transition In Jurong, Jiangsu three kinds of date of seeding and carry out variety comparative test, simultaneously on farm, lake, Baima, Huaiyin, red flag farm, Taizhou unites evaluation, selects the target strain.
Concrete breeding is through seeing Table 1.
Table 1: breeding method seed selection of the present invention is through (to press down 5223 as example)
Claims (5)
1. one kind light simple seed selection good quality and high output resists wide method of fitting new rice variety more, may further comprise the steps:
A) selection has parent's hybridization of anti-dense planting, anti-late sowing, the strong stalk of strong root, the characteristics such as the bud gesture is strong, product are of fine quality, good, the comprehensive premunition of yielding ability is strong, ripe Xiang Jia, gets crossbreed F
0
B) with F
0Seed presoaking and germinating is removed hybrid strain, the mixed capacity F that receives
1Seed.
C) with F
2From generation to generation in good time early sowing, the colony about 1500 strains is planted in single the machine planting, do not prevent and treat rice fulgorid seedling stage in order to the generation of stripe virus disease and black streak dwarf, select high yield, high-quality, disease-resistant, in individual plant of short stem, the poor individual plant of indoor superseded exterior quality, quality better be mixed into F
3Seed.
D) with F
3Seed also can adopt the measures such as reasonable late sowing, live, the low Nitrogen Level of high density, the mixed receipts of removal limit strain at growing area, gather in the crops to get F
4
E) with F
4The in good time early sowing of seed, the colony about 1500 strains is planted in single the machine planting, do not prevent and treat rice fulgorid seedling stage in order to the generation of stripe virus disease and black streak dwarf, again select high yield, high-quality, disease-resistant, in suitable individual plant of of short stem, ripe phase, the poor individual plant of indoor superseded exterior quality, quality better be F
5
F) with individual plant F
5Set up strain in growing area, in good time early sowing, individual plant transplanting, do not prevent and treat rice fulgorid seedling stage in order to the generation of stripe virus disease and black streak dwarf, carry out panicle blast and bacterial leaf-blight inoculated identification booting stage, select high-quality, high yield, the some parts of comprehensive disease-resistant strong stable strain, respectively single the receipts.
G) roguing system in some part is carried out variety comparative test or the approval test of three kinds of date of seeding-planting patternss, and the strange land multi-point joint identifies, thereby select high-quality, high yield, many anti-, wide suitable Keng rice lines.
2. a kind of light simple seed selection good quality and high output according to claim 1 resists wide suitable new rice variety method more, it is characterized in that selecting to have high-quality, parent's hybridization of the characteristics such as comprehensive premunition is strong, yielding ability good, strong, the anti-late sowing of colony's Self-regulation ability is planted late, the strong stalk of strong root, bud gesture are strong, ripe Xiang Jia, get crossbreed F
0
3. a kind of light simple seed selection good quality and high output according to claim 1 resists wide suitable new rice variety method more, it is characterized in that F
2And F
4From generation to generation in good time early sowing, single the machine planting, plant the colony about 1500 strains, do not prevent and treat rice fulgorid seedling stage in order to the generation of stripe virus disease and black streak dwarf, select high yield, high-quality, disease-resistant, ripe phase early, in individual plant of short stem some, the poor individual plant of indoor superseded exterior quality, quality better be mixed into F
3Seed.
4. a kind of light simple seed selection good quality and high output according to claim 1 resists wide suitable new rice variety method more, it is characterized in that F
3Adopt from generation to generation live, the low Nitrogen Level plantation of high density, removal limit strain is mixed receives.
5. a kind of light simple seed selection good quality and high output according to claim 1 resists wide suitable new rice variety method more, it is characterized in that roguing system in some parts is carried out variety comparative test or the approval test of three kinds of date of seeding-planting patternss, and the strange land multi-point joint identifies, thereby selects high-quality, high yield, many anti-, wide suitable Keng rice lines.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN103430829A (en) * | 2013-08-14 | 2013-12-11 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Efficient japonica rice breeding method |
| CN103430828A (en) * | 2013-08-14 | 2013-12-11 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Breeding method for improving high and stable yield of rice |
| CN104170726A (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2014-12-03 | 国家粳稻工程技术研究中心 | New method for improving yield and resistance of group through variety mixing |
| CN104885836A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-09-09 | 湖南农业大学 | Hybrid rice single-parent dense planting machine transplanting cultivation method |
| CN105010013A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-11-04 | 云南天质网络科技有限公司 | Prevention and treatment method for rice black-streaked dwarf disease |
| CN105660382A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2016-06-15 | 山东省水稻研究所 | Rice breeding method |
| CN108834793A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-11-20 | 玉溪市农业科学院 | A kind of selection and cultural method of new rice variety |
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| CN105010013A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-11-04 | 云南天质网络科技有限公司 | Prevention and treatment method for rice black-streaked dwarf disease |
| CN105660382A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2016-06-15 | 山东省水稻研究所 | Rice breeding method |
| CN105660382B (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2017-10-03 | 山东省水稻研究所 | A kind of rice breeding method |
| CN108834793A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-11-20 | 玉溪市农业科学院 | A kind of selection and cultural method of new rice variety |
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Application publication date: 20130130 |