CN104781117B - 混合动力车辆的控制装置 - Google Patents

混合动力车辆的控制装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104781117B
CN104781117B CN201480002916.9A CN201480002916A CN104781117B CN 104781117 B CN104781117 B CN 104781117B CN 201480002916 A CN201480002916 A CN 201480002916A CN 104781117 B CN104781117 B CN 104781117B
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China
Prior art keywords
torque
clutch
transmission
internal combustion
vehicle
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201480002916.9A
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English (en)
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CN104781117A (zh
Inventor
田中敬朗
田畑满弘
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
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    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2054—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed by controlling transmissions or clutches
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    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/11—Stepped gearings
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/30—Control strategies involving selection of transmission gear ratio
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W50/0098—Details of control systems ensuring comfort, safety or stability not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D29/00—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto
    • F02D29/02—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto peculiar to engines driving vehicles; peculiar to engines driving variable pitch propellers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/04—Starting of engines by means of electric motors the motors being associated with current generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0814—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
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    • F16H—GEARING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H63/40—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism comprising signals other than signals for actuating the final output mechanisms
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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Abstract

本发明的控制装置适用于具备MG(3)和内燃机(2)的混合动力车辆(1A)，所述MG(3)经由通过离合器踏板(Cp)的踏下操作来进行动作的第1离合器(20)与手动变速器(10)的输入轴(11)连接，所述内燃机(2)经由第2离合器(21)与MG(3)连接，所述混合动力车辆(1A)能够执行使内燃机(2)停止，并且通过第2离合器(21)使内燃机(2)与驱动轮(5)分离，而由MG(3)对驱动轮(5)进行驱动的EV行驶模式。在本发明的控制装置中，在EV行驶模式执行中，基于加速器开度来取得要求转矩(T1)，并且基于离合器踏板(Cp)的操作量来取得要求传递转矩(T2)，在该要求转矩(T1)和要求传递转矩(T2)中的较小的转矩比判定值大的情况下启动内燃机(2)。

Description

混合动力车辆的控制装置
技术领域
本发明涉及在内燃机与驱动轮之间的动力传递路径中设有能够由离合器踏板进行操作的离合器，并能够执行使内燃机停止并且切断内燃机与驱动轮之间的动力传递而由电动机对驱动轮进行驱动的EV行驶模式的混合动力车辆的控制装置。
背景技术
已知作为行驶用驱动源而搭载有内燃机以及电动机的混合动力车辆。另外，在这样的混合动力车辆中，已知如下的车辆：在内燃机与驱动轮之间的动力传递路径中设有通过离合器踏板进行操作的手动式离合器以及手动变速器，电动机设置在手动变速器的输出轴与驱动轮之间(参照专利文献1)。在该专利文献1的车辆中，在通过电动机使车辆起步的情况下，基于离合器踏板的操作量、加速器开度以及变速挡来算出假设通过内燃机来起步的驱动转矩，从电动机输出所算出的驱动转矩。另外，在加速器开度变为比预定开度大的情况下通过内燃机使车辆行驶。另外，作为与本发明关联的现有技术文献，存在专利文献2。
现有技术文献
专利文献1：日本特开2009-292313号公报
专利文献2：日本特开2010-184535号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
在专利文献1的车辆中，在通过电动机使车辆起步的情况下，由于在操作离合器踏板时不会产生内燃机的振动的变化和/或转速的降低等，所以存在驾驶员错误地加大踩下加速器踏板的可能性。该情况下，存在加速器开度变为比预定开度大而使内燃机启动的可能性。如此在专利文献1的车辆中，有可能导致不必要地启动内燃机而燃料经济性恶化。
因此，本发明的目的在于，提供一种能够抑制不必要的内燃机启动，并能够提高燃料经济性的混合动力车辆的控制装置。
用于解决问题的手段
本发明的控制装置适用于搭载有内燃机和电动机作为行驶用驱动源的混合动力车辆，所述混合动力车辆具备动力传递控制单元，该动力传递控制单元能够通过离合器踏板进行操作，并且设置在所述内燃机与驱动轮之间的动力传递路径中，能够切断所述内燃机与所述驱动轮之间的动力传递，所述电动机设置成即使在所述动力传递控制单元切断了所述内燃机与所述驱动轮之间的动力传递的情况下也能够驱动所述驱动轮，所述混合动力车辆能够执行EV行驶模式，在所述EV行驶模式中，使所述内燃机停止，并且通过所述动力传递控制单元切断所述内燃机与所述驱动轮之间的动力传递，由所述电动机驱动所述驱动轮，所述控制装置具备：转矩取得单元，其在所述EV行驶模式执行期间，基于所述车辆的加速器开度来取得对所述车辆要求的要求转矩，并且，基于所述离合器踏板的操作量来取得经由所述动力传递控制单元应该传递的要求传递转矩；要求值设定单元，其在所述要求转矩比所述要求传递转矩大的情况下将所述要求传递转矩设定为要求值，在所述要求转矩为所述要求传递转矩以下的情况下将所述要求转矩设定为要求值；以及启动控制单元，其在所述要求值设定单元设定的所述要求值比预先设定的预定的判定值大的情况下，启动所述内燃机。
在本发明的控制装置中，基于加速器开度来取得要求转矩，并且基于离合器踏板的操作量来取得要求传递转矩。它们都是驾驶员对车辆要求的转矩。并且，将它们中的较小的转矩设定为要求值，在该要求值比判定值大的情况下启动内燃机。因此，例如，即使在驾驶员踩下了离合器踏板的状态下错误地踩下了加速器踏板，也能够防止若要求传递转矩为判定值以下则启动内燃机的情况。因此，能够抑制不必要的内燃机启动，能够提高燃料经济性。
在本发明的控制装置的一个实施方式中，可以在所述内燃机与所述驱动轮之间的动力传递路径中设有手动变速器，所述手动变速器具有输入轴、输出轴、和介于所述输入轴与所述输出轴之间并设定了互不相同的变速比的多个变速挡，所述手动变速器能够通过变速杆的操作来变更用于所述输入轴与所述输出轴之间的旋转传递的变速挡，并且，能够切换到切断了所述输入轴与所述输出轴之间的动力传递的空挡状态，所述要求值设定单元具备修正单元，该修正单元在所述手动变速器处于所述空挡状态的情况下，对所述要求值进行修正，以使所述要求值比选择了所述多个变速挡中的任一个变速挡的情况下的要求值小。通常在手动变速器处于空挡状态的情况下，认为驾驶员对车辆不要求转矩。在该实施方式中，在这种情况下减小要求值，因此内燃机不容易启动。因此，能够抑制不必要的内燃机启动。
附图说明
图1是概略性表示组装有本发明的一个实施方式的控制装置的车辆主要部分的图。
图2是表示车辆控制装置执行的启动控制程序的流程图。
图3是表示加速器开度与要求转矩的关系的一例的图。
图4是表示离合器踏板的踏下量与要求传递转矩的关系的一例的图。
图5是概略性表示适用了本发明的控制装置的其他车辆的主要部分的图。
具体实施方式
图1是概略性表示组装有本发明的一个方式的控制装置的车辆主要部分的图。在该车辆1A中，作为行驶用驱动源而搭载有内燃机(以下，有时称为发动机。)2和作为电动机的电动发电机(以下，有时简称为MG。)3。即，该车辆1A构成为混合动力车辆。发动机2是搭载于混合动力车辆的周知的火花点火式内燃机。MG3是搭载于混合动力车辆而作为电动机和发电机发挥功能的周知的电动发电机。
另外，在车辆1A中搭载有手动变速器(以下，有时简称为变速器。)10。变速器10构成为具有前进1速～5速以及后退的变速挡的手动变速器。变速器10具备输入轴11以及输出轴12。在输入轴11与输出轴12之间，设有与1速～5速对应的齿轮对(未图示)。对于各齿轮对，设定了互不相同的变速比。变速比按1速的齿轮对、2速的齿轮对、3速的齿轮对、4速的齿轮对、5速的齿轮对的顺序减小。变速器10构成为选择性地使由这些齿轮对中的任一齿轮对进行的旋转传递成立。变速器10具备驾驶员操作的变速杆13。对于该变速器10，通过驾驶员操作变速杆13，切换用于输入轴11与输出轴12之间的旋转传递的齿轮对而切换变速挡。另外，变速器10构成为能够切换到切断了输入轴11与输出轴12之间的旋转传递的空挡状态。在变速杆13***作到了空挡位置的情况下，变速器10被切换到空挡状态。变速器10的构造可以与搭载于车辆的周知的手动变速器相同。因此，省略详细的说明。
变速器10的输入轴11经由第1离合器20与MG3的旋转轴3a连接。第1离合器20是周知的摩擦离合器。第1离合器20构成为能够切换为输入轴11与旋转轴3a一体旋转的完全接合状态和输入轴11与旋转轴3a分离的释放状态。另外，第1离合器20也能够切换为在旋转轴3a与输入轴11以不同的转速进行旋转的同时在它们之间传递动力的状态、即所谓的半离合器。第1离合器20通过离合器踏板CP进行操作。第1离合器20在离合器踏板CP被踏下的情况下切换为释放状态，在离合器踏板CP的踏下被解除的情况下切换为完全接合状态。并且，在离合器踏板CP被踏下至途中的情况下，第1离合器20被切换为半离合器。此外，该离合器踏板CP与第1离合器20的状态的关系与周知的手动式的离合器相同。因此，省略详细的说明。
MG3的旋转轴3a经由第2离合器21与发动机2的输出轴2a连接。第2离合器21也是周知的摩擦离合器。第2离合器21构成为能够切换为输出轴2a与旋转轴3a一体旋转的接合状态和输出轴2a与旋转轴3a分离的释放状态。在第2离合器21设有用于切换第2离合器21的状态的致动器21a。如此，第2离合器21构成为自动离合器。
变速器10的输出轴12与差动机构4连接。差动机构4是将所输入的动力分配给左右的驱动轮5的周知的机构。此外，在该图中仅示出一方的驱动轮5。
发动机2、MG3以及第2离合器21的动作通过车辆控制装置30来控制。车辆控制装置30构成为包含微处理器以及其动作所需要的RAM、ROM等周边设备的计算机单元。车辆控制装置30保持有用于使车辆1A适当行驶的各种控制程序。车辆控制装置30通过执行这些程序来进行对发动机2以及MG3等控制对象的控制。在车辆控制装置30上连接有用于取得车辆1A的信息的各种传感器。在车辆控制装置30上连接有例如加速器开度传感器31、离合器踏板传感器32以及变速杆传感器33等。加速器开度传感器31输出与加速器踏板的踏下量、即加速器开度对应的信号。离合器踏板传感器32输出与离合器踏板CP的踏下量(操作量)对应的信号。变速杆传感器33输出与变速杆13处于某位置相应的信号。在车辆控制装置30上也连接有其他各种传感器，但省略了它们的图示。
在该车辆1A中，通过控制发动机2、MG3以及第2离合器21的动作而实现了多个行驶模式。作为多个行驶模式，设定了EV行驶模式以及发动机行驶模式等。在EV行驶模式中，第2离合器21被切换为释放状态，发动机2停止。而且，由MG3对驱动轮5进行驱动。在发动机行驶模式中，第2离合器21被切换为接合状态。而且，主要由发动机2对驱动轮5进行驱动。此外，各行驶模式不限于在车辆1A行驶期间执行而在停车期间也执行。因此，在停车期间执行EV行驶模式的情况下由MG3使车辆1A起步。另一方面，在停车期间执行发动机行驶模式的情况下主要由发动机2使车辆1A起步。
车辆控制装置30根据驾驶员对车辆1A要求的驱动力等来切换行驶模式。例如，车辆控制装置30在加速器开度小于预先设定的预定的判定开度的情况下将行驶模式切换为EV行驶模式，在加速器开度为判定开度以上的情况下将行驶模式切换为发动机行驶模式。
在从EV行驶模式切换到发动机行驶模式的情况下，需要启动发动机2。图2示出了为了控制EV行驶模式执行中的发动机2的启动而由车辆控制装置30执行的启动控制程序。该控制程序不管车辆1A是行驶还是停止都按预定的周期反复执行。
在该控制程序中，车辆控制装置30首先在步骤S11中取得车辆1A的状态。作为车辆1A的状态，例如取得加速器开度、离合器踏板CP的踏下量以及变速器10的状态。此外，作为变速器10的状态，取得空挡状态或任意的变速挡。该变速器10的状态基于变速杆传感器33的输出信号来取得即可。在接着的步骤S12中，车辆控制装置30判定行驶模式是否为EV行驶模式。在判断为行驶模式是发动机行驶模式的情况下，结束本次的控制程序。
另一方面，在判断为行驶模式是EV行驶模式的情况下进入步骤S13，车辆控制装置30基于加速器开度来算出驾驶员对车辆1A要求的要求转矩T1。图3示出了加速器开度与要求转矩T1的关系的一例。如该图所示，加速器开度越大则要求转矩T1就越大。要求转矩T1基于该图所示的关系来算出即可。此外，该图所示的关系预先通过实验、数值计算等来求出并作为映射(map)存储于车辆控制装置30的ROM即可。接着在步骤S14中，车辆控制装置30基于离合器踏板CP的踏下量来算出经由第1离合器20应该传递的要求传递转矩T2。图4示出了离合器踏板CP的踏下量与要求传递转矩T2的关系的一例。如该图所示，离合器踏板CP的踏下量越大则要求传递转矩T就越小。而且，在第1离合器20到达了成为释放状态的踏下量的情况下要求传递转矩T2成为0。要求传递转矩T2基于该图所示的关系来算出即可。此外，该图所示的关系预先通过实验、数值计算等来求出并作为映射存储于车辆控制装置30的ROM即可。
在接着的步骤S15中，车辆控制装置30判定要求转矩T1是否比要求传递转矩T2大。在判断为要求转矩T1比要求传递转矩T2大的情况下进入步骤S16，车辆控制装置30将要求传递转矩T2代入到要求值T。另一方面，在判定为要求转矩T1为要求传递转矩T2以下的情况下进入步骤S17，车辆控制装置30将要求转矩T1代入到要求值T。
在将要求转矩T1或要求传递转矩T2代入到要求值T之后，进入步骤S18，车辆控制装置30判定变速器10是否为空挡状态。在判断为变速器10为空挡状态的情况下进入步骤S19，车辆控制装置30实施要求值T的修正。在该修正中，在要求值T上乘以0.1等使要求值T减小的修正值。由此，使要求值T减小。
在修正了要求值T之后或判断为变速器10不为空挡状态的情况下，进入步骤S20，车辆控制装置30判定要求值T是否比预定的判定值大。该判定值是作为判定发动机2是否需要启动的基准而设定的值。判定值例如基于车辆1A的速度(车速)以及与MG3连接的电池的剩余量等而适当设定。例如，车速越高、另外电池的剩余量越少，则对判定值设定越小的值。在判断为要求值T为判定值以下的情况下，结束本次的控制程序。
另一方面，在判断为要求值T比判定值大的情况下进入步骤S21，车辆控制装置30执行发动机启动控制。在该发动机启动控制中，对设置于发动机2的启动马达(未图示)进行控制来启动发动机2。然后，结束本次的控制程序。
如以上进行的说明，在本发明中，基于加速器开度来算出要求转矩T1，并且基于离合器踏板CP的踏下量来算出要求传递转矩T2。它们都是驾驶员对车辆1A要求的转矩。而且，在它们中的较小的转矩比判定值大的情况下，启动发动机2。因此，例如，即使在驾驶员踩下了离合器踏板CP的状态下错误地踩下了加速器踏板，也能够防止若要求传递转矩T2为判定值以下则启动内燃机的情况。因此，能够抑制不必要的发动机2的启动，能够提高燃料经济性。
另外，在本发明中，在变速器10为空挡状态的情况下，与变速器10为其他状态的情况、例如成为1速～5速的情况相比，使要求值T减小。通常在变速器10处于空挡状态的情况下，认为驾驶员对车辆1A不要求转矩。因此，通过如此减小要求值T来进行修正，能够抑制不必要的发动机2的启动。
此外，在上述的方式中，仅使用加速器开度来算出了要求转矩T1，但算出方法并不限定于该方法。例如，也可以基于加速器开度和车速、加速器开度和变速器10的输入轴11的转速、或加速器开度和变速挡来算出要求转矩T1。
在车辆1A中设置于发动机2与MG3之间的第2离合器21并不限定于摩擦离合器。例如，能够使用电磁离合器等能够将发动机2与MG3连接或将该连接解除的各种离合器。
在上述的方式中，MG3相当于本发明的电动机。另外，第1离合器20相当于本发明的离合器，第1离合器20以及第2离合器21相当于本发明的动力传递控制单元。通过执行图2的步骤S13、S14，车辆控制装置30作为本发明的转矩取得单元发挥功能。通过执行图2的步骤S15～S17，车辆控制装置30作为本发明的要求值设定单元发挥功能。通过执行图2的步骤S20、S21，车辆控制装置30作为本发明的启动控制单元发挥功能。通过执行图2的步骤S18、S19，车辆控制装置30作为本发明的修正单元发挥功能。
适用本发明的混合动力车辆并不限定于图1所示的车辆。例如也可以对图5所示的车辆1B适用本发明。此外，在图5中对与图1共同的部分标注相同的符号而省略说明。如该图所示，在该车辆1B中，发动机2的输出轴2a与变速器10的输入轴11经由离合器40连接。在离合器40设有用于切换离合器40的状态的致动器40a。离合器40与车辆1A的第2离合器21同样地构成。变速器10的输出轴12以与MG3的旋转轴3a一体旋转的方式进行连接。另外，MG3的旋转轴3a也与差动机构4连接。在该车辆1B中，车辆控制装置30根据离合器踏板传感器33的输出信号来控制致动器40a。因此，离合器40也通过离合器踏板CP的踏下操作来进行动作。但是，车辆控制装置30在行驶模式为EV行驶模式的情况下将离合器40切换为释放状态以使发动机2与驱动轮5之间的动力传递被切断。
在这样的车辆1B中，通过与上述的方式同样地由车辆控制装置30执行图2的启动控制程序，也能够抑制不必要的发动机2的启动。因此，能够提高燃料经济性。此外，在该车辆1B中，离合器40相当于本发明的动力传递控制单元。
本发明并不限定于上述的各方式，能够通过各种方式来实施。例如，适用本发明的车辆的变速器并不限定于前进的最高挡为5速的变速器。变速器的前进的最高挡也可以是3速、4速或6速以上。另外，在适用本发明的混合动力车辆中，也可以取代电动发电机而设置电动机。

Claims (2)

1.一种控制装置，其适用于搭载有内燃机和电动机作为行驶用驱动源的混合动力车辆，
所述电动机，经由能够通过离合器踏板进行操作并且能够切断所述电动机与驱动轮之间的动力传递的第1离合器与所述驱动轮连接，
所述内燃机，经由能够切断所述内燃机与所述电动机之间的动力传递的第2离合器与所述电动机连接，
所述混合动力车辆能够执行EV行驶模式，在所述EV行驶模式中，使所述内燃机停止，并且通过所述第2离合器切断所述内燃机与所述电动机之间的动力传递，由所述电动机驱动所述驱动轮，
所述控制装置具备：
转矩取得单元，其在所述EV行驶模式执行期间，基于所述车辆的加速器开度来取得对所述车辆要求的要求转矩，并且，基于所述离合器踏板的操作量来取得经由所述第1离合器应该传递的要求传递转矩；
要求值设定单元，其在所述要求转矩比所述要求传递转矩大的情况下将所述要求传递转矩设定为要求值，在所述要求转矩为所述要求传递转矩以下的情况下将所述要求转矩设定为要求值；以及
启动控制单元，其在所述要求值设定单元设定的所述要求值比预先设定的预定的判定值大的情况下，启动所述内燃机，
所述转矩取得单元：
以使得在所述加速器开度为零的情况下，所述要求转矩变为预定的值，所述加速器开度变得越大，则所述要求转矩变得越大的方式，取得所述要求转矩，
以使得在所述离合器踏板的操作量低于预定量的情况下，所述要求传递转矩变为预定值，所述离合器踏板的操作量达到变为所述第1离合器切断所述电动机与所述驱动轮之间的动力传递的释放状态的操作量的情况下，所述要求传递转矩变为零，且所述离合器踏板的操作量变得越大则所述要求传递转矩从所述预定值逐渐变小的方式，取得所述要求传递转矩。
2.根据权利要求1所述的控制装置，其中，
在所述内燃机与所述驱动轮之间的动力传递路径中设有手动变速器，所述手动变速器具有输入轴、输出轴、和介于所述输入轴与所述输出轴之间并设定了互不相同的变速比的多个变速挡，所述手动变速器能够通过变速杆的操作来变更用于所述输入轴与所述输出轴之间的旋转传递的变速挡，并且，能够切换到切断了所述输入轴与所述输出轴之间的动力传递的空挡状态，
所述要求值设定单元具备修正单元，该修正单元在所述手动变速器处于所述空挡状态的情况下，对所述要求值进行修正，以使所述要求值比选择了所述多个变速挡中的任一个变速挡的情况下的要求值小。
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