CN104759942B - A kind of milling deformation on-line measurement of thin-walled parts and compensation processing method - Google Patents
A kind of milling deformation on-line measurement of thin-walled parts and compensation processing method Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23C—MILLING
- B23C2215/00—Details of workpieces
- B23C2215/04—Aircraft components
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C2220/00—Details of milling processes
- B23C2220/60—Roughing
- B23C2220/605—Roughing and finishing
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- B23Q2240/005—Flexible, deformable workpieces
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Abstract
A kind of milling the invention discloses thin-walled parts deforms on-line measurement and compensation processing method, including：(1) threedimensional model of thin-walled parts is established, obtains numerical control code；(2) the point position of measurement is extracted in the three-dimensional model；(3) path planning is measured based on model；(4) roughing and semifinishing are carried out to workpiece blank；(5) on-machine measurement is carried out, obtains the coordinate value of the measurement point position of all planning；(6) coordinate value of the measurement point position of acquisition and corresponding points on thin-walled parts threedimensional model are compared, the deviation of corresponding points on the coordinate and threedimensional model of each point position for calculating actual processing workpiece；(7) it imposes penalty coefficient tool path optimization according to machining deviation to be finished accordingly, obtains final machining deformation deviation and offset.The method of the present invention is designed by semifinishing and finishing, and the two uses identical machined parameters, i.e., only need to realize the best finishing compensation effect of the thin-walled parts of same type of material and feature as far as possible with battery of tests.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to thin-walled parts mismachining tolerances to measure and compensation technique field, and in particular to a kind of milling of thin-walled parts
Cut deformation on-line measurement and compensation processing method.
Technical background
In aerospace field, in order to mitigate the weight of parts, be usually designed to thin-wall construction, thickness in 2mm hereinafter,
It is general to select the superior titanium alloy of performance, aerolite etc. as vital part and structural member simultaneously to improve specific strength
Material, the required precision final to part is higher, but these materials are poor in cold-forming property, and tool wear is serious, due to
Thin-wall construction rigidity is weaker, very sensitive to cutting force, motion error of machine tool etc., particularly after lathe works certain time limit,
Mismachining tolerance existing for the system that lathe, fixture, workpiece form is expanded so that the deformation of thin-walled parts is more serious, passes
The manufacturing process of system can not meet thin-wall part process requirements, therefore it is aviation that difficult processing thin-wall part is inhibited, which to deform during the cutting process,
Aerospace manufacturing field hot issue.
During practical milling difficulty processing thin-walled parts, in order to reduce the deformation of workpiece as far as possible, usually go out from the angle of technique
Hair selects slower Milling Speed, reduces cutting force, avoids proximity to the resonant frequency region of workpiece, while in order to enhance processing
The rigidity of part in the process, using layering around milling, different regions uses different cutter and cutting speed.These are arranged
The deformation of thin-wall part processing can be reduced to a certain extent by applying, but be reduction of the efficiency of part processing, while need to carry out
A large amount of experiment and analysis and summary, can just find out proper technological parameter, multiple technological parameter during actual processing
Adjustment also bring inconvenience for the operation of worker.
With measurement and the development and application of New Machining Technology, there are some new sides in the method for inhibiting thin-wall part deformation
Method, application No. is the Form and position error that a kind of curved surface part is disclosed in 201210376274.1 Chinese patent application file is in situ
Processing method is compensated, in situ measurement is realized using lathe contact measuring head, actual processing deviation is measured, utilizes complete mirror
The principle modification numerical control code of picture.The method compensates processing in situ mainly for the curved surface part of general thickness, for thickness 2mm
Following thin-walled planar part, the compensation processing effect unobvious after this measurement, and the processing method of mirror compensated completely
The deformation of bigger may be brought for thin-walled parts.Disclosed in Chinese patent application application No. is 201210364066.X
A kind of thin wall vane precision milling machining deformation compensation method, point position data based on three-dimensional coordinates measurement, by repeatedly changing
For thought, solve the precision machined problem of blade parts, but this method utilizes the offline inspection means of three coordinates, need into
Row secondary clamping, causes process to interrupt, and Cutter coordinate system is lost, while the method for successive ignition is a mistake repeatedly
Journey reduces the efficiency of processing.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to propose a kind of milling of thin-walled parts deformation on-line measurement and compensation processing method, lead to
The measuring point coordinate for obtaining part in process is crossed, utilizes digitization modeling, digital control processing, offline inspection path planning, point cloud
The processes such as fitting, machining code regeneration carry out accurate predictive compensation processing, reach zero on-machine measurement of difficult processing thin-walled, become
The purpose of shape compensates overcomes the immesurable problem of absolute dimension deviation in difficult processing thin-walled planar part process at present.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is specially：
A kind of milling deformation on-line measurement of thin-walled parts and compensation processing method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
(1) threedimensional model of thin-walled parts is established, and plans adding for workpiece roughing, semifinishing and finishing respectively
Work technological parameter is processed emulation, the numerical control that then can identify knife rail information postpositive disposal into digital control system and lathe
Code；
The model of design plane thin-wall part in 3 d modeling software, and operated in digital control processing module, respectively
Plan most of surplus of the working process parameter of workpiece roughing, semifinishing, finishing, wherein roughing removal workpiece,
Semifinishing is identical with the process parameters design of finishing.Emulation is processed under software environment, is not being had completely
In the case of collision and interference, numerical control code that knife rail information postpositive disposal can be identified into suitable digital control system and lathe.
(2) the point position position planning of on-machine measurement is carried out in the threedimensional model of thin-walled parts, and accordingly in thin-walled parts
A plurality of line segment is extracted on surface successively from top to bottom, and the point position of measurement is extracted from line segment；
In modeling environment, the plane for needing on-machine measurement point position is chosen, operating surface extracts line segment, chooses line segments extraction and surveys
The point position of amount, finally exports point data.
(3) according to numerically-controlled machine tool model, it is practical measure gauge head used and probe model and the point position data obtained into
Row measurement path planning；
Workpiece threedimensional model, point position data are successively directed respectively into on-machine measurement path planning software, and the two is soft herein
It is consistent with being established in threedimensional model before that new correspondence is formed in part, is planned by intermediate path, increases transition point etc.
Means are to make the measurement simulation process overall situation without interference.The number that finally the information postpositive disposal of measure planning can be identified into lathe
Control measures loop code.
(4) workpiece blank is installed on numerically controlled machine, and advanced using the numerical control code generated in step (1)
Row roughing, and the complete rear replacement cutter of roughing, carry out semifinishing；
(5) measuring route generated in step (3) is imported in lathe, the cutter changing of cutting into lathe gauge head,
By to knife, measuring coordinate system with Cutter coordinate system being consistent, on-machine measurement is then carried out, obtains the measurement of all planning
The coordinate value of point position；
(6) coordinate value of the measurement point position of acquisition and corresponding points on thin-walled parts threedimensional model are compared, calculated
The deviation of corresponding points on the coordinate and threedimensional model of each point position of actual processing workpiece, with assess plane after semifinishing plus
Work deviation；
(7) according to above-mentioned machining deviation tool path optimization, and finishing trajectory planning is carried out accordingly, obtain final add
Work deforms deviation and offset, to be finished；
As an improvement of the present invention, mean value of the machining deviation for the deviation of each point position.
As an improvement of the present invention, the finishing passes use the cutter and machined parameters identical with semifinishing.
As an improvement of the present invention, in the step (7), by setting a constant e reversed with the machining deviation
With a penalty coefficient variable λ, optimized using λ e as offset.
As an improvement of the present invention, step (5)-(7) can be repeated several times execution, wherein when optimizing in performing every time
Penalty coefficient λ is different, to obtain different aberration curves, and then optimal offset and penalty coefficient is obtained, using as most
Whole machining deformation deviation and offset.
The present invention method, by carrying out on-line measurement on the lathe of processing, according to existing deformation analysis as a result, into
The predictive compensation processing of row, makes the flat thin wall pieces Reducing distortion amount finally processed, while do not reduce too many processing efficiency.
In general, by the above technical scheme conceived by the present invention compared with prior art, have below beneficial to effect
Fruit：
1) method of the invention avoids the boundary condition of complete simulation prediction using emulation with testing the mode being combined
It is inadequate, it is designed by cleverly semifinishing and finishing, using identical machined parameters, i.e., need to only use battery of tests
Best compensation effect is realized as far as possible.
2) method of the invention can improve the machining accuracy of aerospace thin-walled workpiece, be 2mm particularly to thickness
Following grid beam siding feature has deformation inhibition well.
3) method of the invention provides a kind of efficiently paths planning method for the on-machine measurement of thin-walled planar part, with reference to
The powerful model editing function of three-dimensional software, with reference to the avoidance advantage of existing business measurement path planning software, has completed rule
The contact type measurement of the large-scale point of distribution is restrained, improves the efficiency of lathe contact type measurement.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the machining deformation model schematic for the thin-wall part applied according to the method for the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart according to the method for the preferred embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the on-line measurement measuring point distribution map according to the method for the preferred embodiment of the present invention；
The deviation profile that Fig. 4 is the thin-wall part applied according to the method for the preferred embodiment of the present invention after semifinishing
Figure.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, it is right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
One embodiment of the present of invention is by taking attached thin-walled cantilever design shown in Fig. 2 as an example, but the method for the present invention is processed
Thin-walled parts be not limited to above structure and its specific size.In fact, this hair of the part of every specific thin-wall construction
Bright method is applicable.
The corresponding thin-walled cantilever design of the present embodiment, structure size about hang high 30mm, thickness 0.7mm, width 40mm, thin-walled
Blank material is titanium alloy TC 4, and material hardness HRC40 is processed on MIKRON UCP800Duro five-axis machining centers,
The lathe uses Heidenhain iTNC530M digital control systems, lathe XYZ axis positioning accuracy 0.006mm, repetitive positioning accuracy
0.004mm, process tool select diameter 10mm, the long 25mm of sword, length 75mm, the ultra-fine grain wolfram steel knife of 4 swords, and measuring apparatus is adopted
With Reinshaw machine tool measuring system, 1 μm of repeated trigger precision.
The detailed process being processed according to the embodiment of the present invention to the thin-walled cantilever design is：
Step 1：The threedimensional model of thin-wall part is established in 3 d modeling software such as 7.5 softwares of Unigraphics NX,
The machined parameters and process planning of roughing, semifinishing, finishing are carried out in processing module.
In the present embodiment, preferably cutting way is climb cutting, and the roughing speed of mainshaft is set as 800 revolutions per seconds, retains 2mm
Surplus, radius processing and finishing the speed of mainshaft be 960 revolutions per seconds, cutting output is 1mm.Processing tool path simulation confirms that nothing is touched
In the case of hitting and interfering, knife rail postpositive disposal will be processed into digital control system such as Heidenhain iTNC530M digital control systems
The numerical control code that can be identified.
Above-mentioned threedimensional model is separately deposited into copy, under modeling environment, according to wait parametric techniques in thin-walled surface from top to bottom
A plurality of line segment (such as 4 line segments), every line bisection spacing, from life between thin-walled edge preferably 5% to 95% are extracted successively
Into such as 15 points, the quantity planning of each surface measuring point preferably 60, is that point position can be triggered in lathe gauge head
Piece surface is than more uniform distribution.
The measuring point of generation is chosen, is exported, IGS formatted files are exported in the present embodiment.
Step 2：Three-dimensional part model in step 1 is imported into on-machine measurement software such as PowerINSPECT2012
In, the mathematical model of numerically-controlled machine tool is imported, selects gauge head used in actual measurement system, probe model, and will be exported in step 1
The measuring point datas of IGS formatted files imported into on-machine measurement software PowerINSPECT 2012, measure path rule
It draws, is inserted into and measures initial position and end position and intermediate point, avoid colliding in measurement process middle probe.
After measurement process complete simulation, measure planning information postpositive disposal is measured into generation into the numerical control that lathe can identify
Code, and retain the documents of theoretical measuring point.
Step 3：Workpiece blank is mounted on numerically-controlled machine tool (usefully MIKRON UCP800Duro five in the present embodiment
Coordinate machining center, the present invention is not limited thereto) workbench on, the numerical control code in step 1 is imported into lathe, is first carried out thick
Processing, is, for example, the 4 sword wolfram steel milling cutters of 1mm using fillet R.Treat that roughing carries out semifinishing after completing, cutter changing is
Such as flat 4 sword wolfram steel milling cutter.
Step 4：The measurement numerical control code generated in step 2 is imported in lathe, the cutter changing of cutting into lathe
By setting system, measuring coordinate system is consistent with Cutter coordinate system for Reinshaw OMP40 gauge heads, then carries out surveying in machine
The process of amount obtains the data of tri- coordinates of X, Y, Z of 60 planning points, will point position actual coordinate information storage after measurement
In the storage system of digital control system.
Step 5：The practical measuring point message file that lathe in step 4 generates is imported into machine Survey Software PowerINSPECT
In 2012, with reference to theory three-dimensional model before and theoretical measuring point information, operation comparison is carried out, calculates the three of each measuring point
The deviation of a coordinate.
Deviation information is exported in the form of text, in the deviation operation and processing compensation software write, calculates thin-walled
Machining deviation mean value, maximum value, the minimum value of 60 points in plane filter out the deviation accidentally put and then secondary calculate
Be worth error, using this value as assess semifinishing after plane machining deviation.
According to the machining deviation, machining locus is optimized.In the present embodiment, preferably according to machining deviation, in software
In change the numerical control code of finishing automatically, deviate a Reversal value mean-invariant e, and apply a penalty coefficient variable λ
(λ can be specifically chosen according to actual needs, generally be nearly equal to 1 experiment value), using λ e as offset, optimization
Machining locus.
As shown in Figure 1, yiIt is mathematical point position, xiIt is the position of corresponding points after reality, for thin-walled planar part, after processing
The deviation of generation is：
yi=xi+ei
Vector e in formulaiFor mathematical point and the deviation of actual point, can be seen that from the distribution (Fig. 3) of thin-wall part measuring point from remote
Distortion inaccuracy from fixing end to fixing end tends to diminution trend (Fig. 4), but ratio of the deviation profile with ε and surplus δ is：
ε/δ ＜ 1/30
Therefore a relatively narrow region can be distributed in taking human as deviation, it can be with by the deviation mean value of overall distribution
Standards of the σ as evaluation deviation, is denoted as
σ=ε
According to all point mean bias, the numerical control code of finishing is changed, new machining path is enable to offset big portion
It is deformed caused by dividing composition error.
Since identical working process parameter and same cutter is selected in semifinishing and finishing, in cutting output
Smaller condition is small, can ignore small influence of the abrasion to cutting deformation of cutter, simultaneously because semifinishing, finishing are cut
The amount of cutting reduces, and can ignore influence of the variation to workpiece stiffness of workpiece walled thickness, has been obtained by practical processing experiment
To verification, it can be deduced that the trend and deflection that workpiece deforms in finishing by the conclusion identical with semifinishing approach, because
This using semi-finished deflection as finishing theoretical com-pensation amount and it is subsidiary one be approximately equal to 1 penalty coefficient λ it is proper
's.
Step 6：The finishing numerical control code optimized in step 5 is imported into numerically-controlled machine tool and carries out numerical control finishing, uses half
Finishing it is same cutter and identical machined parameters.
Step 7：On-machine measurement and the process of error op assessment in the secondary steps 4 of N (N ＞ 1), 5,6 are repeated, is obtained by adding
The machining deformation deviation of thin-walled planar part after work compensation.
The aberration curve that different penalty coefficient λ is obtained is drawn, obtains optimal offset penalty coefficient λ, in this, as
The estimation of follow-up same kind of parts feature and optimization foundation.
According to pre-stage test conclusion, in the present embodiment as N=1, λ=1 can be set and directly carry out finishing compensation.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to
The limitation present invention, all any modification, equivalent and improvement made all within the spirits and principles of the present invention etc., should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of milling deformation on-line measurement of thin-walled parts and compensation processing method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
(1) threedimensional model of thin-walled parts, and the processing work of the roughing of planning workpiece, semifinishing and finishing respectively are established
Skill parameter is processed emulation, the numerical control code that then can identify knife rail information postpositive disposal into digital control system and lathe；
(2) the point position position planning of on-machine measurement is carried out in the threedimensional model of thin-walled parts, and accordingly on thin-walled parts surface
It extracts a plurality of line segment successively from top to bottom, and the point position of measurement is extracted from line segment；
It is measured according to numerically-controlled machine tool model, the practical point position data for measuring gauge head used and probe model and obtaining
Path planning；
(3) workpiece blank is installed on numerically controlled machine, and is first carried out slightly using the numerical control code generated in step (1)
Processing, and the complete rear replacement cutter of roughing, carry out semifinishing；
(4) measuring route generated in step (2) is imported in lathe, the cutter changing of cutting into lathe gauge head, passed through
To knife, measuring coordinate system with Cutter coordinate system is consistent, on-machine measurement is then carried out, obtains the measurement point position of all planning
Coordinate value；
(5) coordinate value of the measurement point position of acquisition and corresponding points on thin-walled parts threedimensional model are compared, calculates reality
The deviation of corresponding points on the coordinate and threedimensional model of each point position of workpieces processing, it is inclined to assess the processing of plane after semifinishing
Difference；
(6) according to above-mentioned machining deviation tool path optimization, and finishing trajectory planning is carried out accordingly, obtain final processing and become
Shape deviation and offset are to be finished；Wherein, finishing method for planning track is as follows：
As ratio ε/δ ＜ 1/30 of the deviation profile with ε and surplus δ, using the deviation mean value σ of overall distribution as evaluating deviation
Standard is denoted as：
σ=ε
According to the deviation mean value of all the points, the numerical control code of finishing is changed, new machining path is enable to offset most of comprehensive
It is deformed caused by closing error；
The method for obtaining final machining deformation deviation and offset is as follows：
By setting a constant e reversed with the machining deviation and a penalty coefficient variable λ, using the product of the two as
Offset optimizes；
(7) N is repeated>On-machine measurement and the process of error op assessment, obtain by adding in 1 step (4)-(6)
The machining deformation error of thin-walled parts after work compensation, penalty coefficient λ when optimizing in performing every time is different, different to obtain
Aberration curve, and then obtain optimal offset and penalty coefficient, using as final machining deformation deviation and offset；Or
Person, as N=1, if λ=1 directly carries out finishing compensation.
2. a kind of milling deformation on-line measurement of thin-walled parts according to claim 1 and compensation processing method, wherein, institute
Mean value of the machining deviation stated for the deviation of each point position.
3. a kind of milling deformation on-line measurement of thin-walled parts according to claim 1 or 2 and compensation processing method,
In, the finishing passes use the cutter and machined parameters identical with semifinishing.
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| CN102880756A (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2013-01-16 | 西北工业大学 | Method for compensating precision milling deformation of thin-wall blade |
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