CN109590788B - Machining process of piston on CNC (computer numerical control) machine tool - Google Patents

Machining process of piston on CNC (computer numerical control) machine tool Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109590788B
CN109590788B CN201811407130.1A CN201811407130A CN109590788B CN 109590788 B CN109590788 B CN 109590788B CN 201811407130 A CN201811407130 A CN 201811407130A CN 109590788 B CN109590788 B CN 109590788B
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wedge
wedge angle
profile surface
machining
processing
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CN109590788A (en
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陈春生
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Changzhou Chuangling Machinery Co ltd
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Changzhou Chuangling Machinery Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q5/00Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G05B19/401Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by control arrangements for measuring, e.g. calibration and initialisation, measuring workpiece for machining purposes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Numerical Control (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a processing technology of a piston on a CNC machine tool, which is characterized in that: the processing technology comprises the following steps: inputting numerical control machining programs of the first wedge angle wedge profile surface and the second wedge angle wedge profile surface into a storage unit of a machine tool; processing a first wedge angle wedge profile surface and a second wedge angle wedge profile surface; respectively determining the position and the size of deviation of a first wedge angle inclined wedge profile surface and a second wedge angle inclined wedge profile surface caused by deformation in the machining process; respectively correcting the deviations of the profile surfaces of the two wedge angles and the inclined wedges in opposite directions to form corrected processing tracks, and regenerating numerical control processing programs according to the corrected processing tracks; and processing other workpieces to be processed to qualified parts. The invention has controllable processing parameters, good stability, accurate adjustment of processing track and easy realization of accurate control of the processing process.

Description

Machining process of piston on CNC (computer numerical control) machine tool
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of numerical control machining, in particular to a machining process of a piston on a CNC machine tool.
Background
The piston is a core component for transmitting motion in a brake system of rail transit, and the piston needs to make frequent reciprocating motion in work. The piston is connected with the parts at two ends of the piston through a circular head seat and a wedge angle with a wedge profile surface. The wedge contour surface of the wedge angle has higher size and position requirements relative to the axis of the head seat, and particularly, the size difference between the wedge contour surface of the two wedge angles and the axis and the positions of the two wedge contour surfaces relative to the axis are the key factors influencing the transmission efficiency and the service life of the piston. If two wedge profile surfaces are separately machined, the position error of the two wedge profile surfaces relative to the axis can be increased. If the two wedge contour surfaces are processed simultaneously, the processing can not be processed due to the limitation that the diameter of the available cutter is small because the opening of the wedge contour surfaces is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a machining process of a piston on a CNC (computer numerical control) machine tool, which has the advantages of controllable machining parameters, good stability, accurate adjustment of a machining track and easiness in realizing accurate control of a machining process.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a machining process of a piston on a CNC machine tool comprises a head seat, a first wedge angle and a second wedge angle, wherein the first wedge angle and the second wedge angle are symmetrically formed on the head seat, and the machining process is different in that: the machining process is used for symmetrically forming wedge profile surfaces on the first wedge angle and the second wedge angle, the wedge profile surfaces of the first wedge angle and the second wedge angle are the same in shape, and the machining process comprises the following steps:
step a), inputting the numerical control machining program of the first wedge angle wedge profile surface and the second wedge angle wedge profile surface into a storage unit of a machine tool;
step b), clamping and positioning a workpiece to be machined on a fixture of the machine tool, then determining the coordinate origin values of the machining coordinate system X, Y and Z of the workpiece, and setting X, Y, Z coordinate values of the machining origin in the workpiece coordinate system of the machine tool according to the coordinate origin values;
step c), processing the first wedge angle wedge contour surface and the second wedge angle wedge contour surface according to the numerical control processing program in the step a);
d), measuring X, Y, Z actual coordinate values of each point on the first wedge angle oblique wedge profile surface and the second wedge angle oblique wedge profile surface respectively, comparing the measured data with the dimensions in the design drawings of the first wedge angle oblique wedge profile surface and the second wedge angle oblique wedge profile surface, and determining the position and the size of deviation of the first wedge angle oblique wedge profile surface and the second wedge angle oblique wedge profile surface caused by deformation in the machining process respectively;
step e), respectively correcting the deviations of the first wedge angle wedge profile surface and the second wedge angle wedge profile surface in opposite directions according to the machining track and the deviations determined in the step d), forming a corrected machining track, and regenerating a numerical control machining program according to the corrected machining track;
and f), processing other workpieces to be processed to qualified parts according to the numerical control processing program in the step e).
According to the technical scheme, the clamp in the step b) comprises a base for accommodating the head seat, a positioning block arranged on the base and matched with one wedge angle root and two pressing plates symmetrically arranged on the base and used for pressing the head seat, the base is provided with a limiting hole matched with the head seat of the piston, each pressing plate is rotatably connected with the base through a first rotating shaft, the axis of the first rotating shaft is parallel to the axis of the limiting hole, each pressing plate is provided with a pressing piece which penetrates through the pressing plate and is used for abutting against the head seat, the pressing piece is a threaded piece, the pressing plate is provided with a threaded hole which is parallel to the axis of the limiting hole and matched with the pressing piece, the positioning block is connected with the base through a second rotating shaft, and the axis of the second rotating shaft is perpendicular to the axis of the limiting hole, the positioning block can rotate to abut against one wedge angle and is fixed with the base through a fastener.
According to the technical scheme, the specific steps of clamping and positioning the workpiece to be machined on the clamp of the machine tool in the step b) are as follows: step b1), rotating the positioning block and the pressure plate until the limiting hole is completely exposed, and then inserting the head seat of the workpiece into the limiting hole; step b2), rotating the positioning block to extend towards the orifice of the limiting hole, and then screwing the fastener to fix the positioning block and the base; step b3), the piston is rotated to enable the root side surface of the inclined wedge profile surface of one wedge angle to be abutted against the positioning block, then the two pressing plates are rotated to be respectively pressed against the head seat, and then the pressing piece is screwed to be abutted against the head seat.
According to the technical scheme, the specific forming method of the numerical control machining program of the first wedge angle oblique wedge profile surface and the second wedge angle oblique wedge profile surface in the step a) comprises the following steps: in automatic programming software, models of a first wedge angle oblique wedge profile surface and a second wedge angle oblique wedge profile surface are compiled to generate the numerical control machining program, the models of the first wedge angle oblique wedge profile surface and the second wedge angle oblique wedge profile surface are theoretical models established in three-dimensional software according to the shape and the size in the design drawing, and the automatic programming software is computer software which is compiled to generate a language which can be recognized by numerical control machining equipment by using a three-dimensional model.
According to the technical scheme, the specific steps of comparing the data measured in the step d) with the sizes of the first wedge angle wedge profile surface and the second wedge angle wedge profile surface in the design drawing are as follows: firstly, reestablishing actual measurement models of the first wedge angle oblique wedge profile surface and the second wedge angle oblique wedge profile surface according to the actual coordinate values, and then respectively comparing the reestablished two actual measurement models with the theoretical model established in the three-dimensional software according to the shape and the size in the design drawing.
According to the technical scheme, the step d) compares the actual coordinate value with the theoretical coordinate value in the design drawing of the first wedge-angle wedge profile surface and the second wedge-angle wedge profile surface in CAD software.
According to the technical scheme, after the numerical control machining program is regenerated in the step e), the regenerated numerical control machining program is used for covering the numerical control machining program in the step a).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial characteristics that: according to the processing technology of the piston on the CNC machine tool, simulation analysis is carried out on processing data, the processing tracks of the first wedge angle wedge profile surface and the second wedge angle wedge profile surface can be accurately adjusted, and the method is high in flexibility and wide in application range; the processing machine tool controlled by data is adopted, so that the processing precision of the machine tool is high, the processing parameters are controllable, the stability is good, and the accurate control on the processing process is easy to realize; the errors of the profile surfaces of the two processed tapered wedges are corrected in the processing process, so that the batch stable production of parts is realized, the scrapping of the parts is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a piston according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a bottom view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a clamp according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a top view of FIG. 5 with the locating block not shown;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the piston fixed to the fixture in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a top view of FIG. 7 with the locating block not shown;
wherein: 1-a piston (101-a head seat, 102-a first wedge angle (1021-a wedge profile surface of the first wedge angle), 103-a second wedge angle (1031-a wedge profile surface of the second wedge angle)), 2-a base (201-a limiting hole), 3-a positioning block, 4-a pressing plate, 5-a first rotating shaft, 6-a pressing piece, 7-a second rotating shaft and 8-a fastening piece.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, in an embodiment of the present invention, a piston 1 includes a head seat 101, and a first wedge angle 102 and a second wedge angle 103 symmetrically formed on the head seat 101. The machining process of the piston on the CNC machine tool is used for machining a wedge profile surface 1021 of a first wedge angle 102 and a wedge profile surface 1031 of a second wedge angle 103 on the piston 1, and the wedge profile surface 1021 of the first wedge angle and the wedge profile surface 1031 of the second wedge angle are symmetrically arranged and have the same shape.
Referring to fig. 1 to 8, the process steps of the present invention are:
step a), compiling models of a first wedge angle wedge contour surface 1021 and a second wedge angle wedge contour surface 1031 to generate a numerical control machining program in automatic programming software, wherein the automatic programming software is computer software for compiling and generating a language which can be recognized by numerical control machining equipment by using a three-dimensional model, the models of the first wedge angle wedge contour surface 1021 and the second wedge angle wedge contour surface 1031 are three-dimensional models which are built in the three-dimensional software according to the shape and the size in a design drawing, then the numerical control machining programs of the first wedge angle wedge contour surface 1021 and the second wedge angle wedge contour surface 1031 are input into a memory of a machine tool, and a machining tool and a clamp for clamping a workpiece are installed on the machine tool.
And step b), clamping and positioning the workpiece to be machined on a clamp, then determining coordinate origin values of a machining coordinate system X, Y and Z of the workpiece, and setting the coordinate origin values as X, Y, Z machining coordinate origin points in a coordinate system of the machine tool.
And c) processing the first wedge angle wedge profile surface 1021 and the second wedge angle wedge profile surface 1031 according to the numerical control processing program in the step a).
And d), respectively measuring X, Y, Z actual coordinate values of the first wedge angle wedge profile surface 1021 and the second wedge angle wedge profile surface 1031 which are processed, and reestablishing an actual measurement model of the first wedge angle wedge profile surface 1021 and the second wedge angle wedge profile surface 1031 according to the actual measurement profile data. Comparing the re-established actual measurement model of the first wedge angle 102 and the second wedge angle 103 and the wedge profile 1031 in the CAD software with the theoretical model established in the three-dimensional software according to the shape and the size in the design drawing, and respectively determining the position and the size of deviation of the first wedge angle 102 and the second wedge angle 103 and the wedge profile 1031 caused by deformation, cutter relieving and the like in the machining process; if the actual coordinate value of the X, Y, Z corresponding to the position deviates from the theoretical data position of the position in the design drawing, the machining error is shown to occur at the position; the larger the deviation distance, the more the processing error is indicated.
Step e), respectively correcting the deviations of the first wedge angle 102 and the second wedge angle 103 and the wedge profile surface 1021 and 1031 in opposite directions (empirically in the direction of decreasing deviations) according to the machining trajectory of the machining tool and the deviations determined in the step d), so as to form a corrected machining trajectory, regenerating a numerical control machining program from the corrected machining trajectory of the machining tool, and covering the numerical control machining program in the step a) with the regenerated numerical control machining program; the processing track curve of the processing cutter after being corrected is continuous with the adjacent curve without mutual influence, and all the profile curves are mutually independent.
And f), processing other workpieces to be processed to qualified parts according to the numerical control processing program in the step e), and repeating the steps d) to f) if the deviation exists.
Preferably, referring to fig. 5 to 8, the fixture in step b) includes a base 2 for accommodating the head base 101, a positioning block 3 disposed on the base 2 and engaged with a root of the first wedge angle 102, and two pressing plates 4 symmetrically disposed on the base 2 and used for pressing the head base 101, the base 2 is provided with a limiting hole 201 engaged with the head base 101 of the piston, each pressing plate 4 is rotatably connected to the base 2 through a first rotating shaft 5, an axis of the first rotating shaft 5 is parallel to an axis of the limiting hole 201, each pressing plate 4 is provided with a pressing member 6 penetrating through the pressing plate 4 and used for pressing the head base 101, the pressing member 6 is a threaded member, the pressing plate 4 is provided with a threaded hole parallel to an axis of the limiting hole 201 and engaged with the pressing member 6, the positioning block 3 is connected to the base 2 through a second rotating shaft 7, the axis of the second rotating shaft 7 is perpendicular to the axis of the limiting hole 201, and the positioning block 3 can rotate to abut against the root of the first wedge angle 102 and is fixed with the base 2 through a fastener 8. In the step b), a machining coordinate system of the workpiece is determined according to the position of the head seat 101 fixed by the fixture, and according to the axis of the head seat 101 fixed by the limiting hole 201 of the fixture, the axis coordinate of the limiting hole 201 is consistent with the axis of the head seat 101. The positioning block 3 is to ensure that the tapered wedge profile surfaces 1021 and 1031 of the piston remain fixed during machining.
Preferably, referring to fig. 7 to 8, the step b) of clamping and positioning the workpiece to be machined on the fixture of the machine tool includes the following specific steps: step b1), rotating the positioning block 3 and the pressure plate 4 until the limiting hole 201 is completely exposed, and then inserting the head seat 101 into the limiting hole 201; step b2), rotating the positioning block 3 to extend towards the opening of the limiting hole 201, and then screwing the fastener 8 to fix the positioning block 3 and the base 2; step b3), the piston 1 is rotated to make the root side surface of the tapered wedge profile surface 1021 of the first wedge angle 102 abut against the positioning block 3, then the two pressing plates 4 are rotated to make the pressing plates 4 respectively press the head seat 101, and then the pressing piece 6 is screwed to abut against the head seat 101.
Referring to fig. 7, in the embodiment of the present invention, after a workpiece to be processed is clamped on the fixture, the first wedge angle 102 is located right above the second wedge angle 103. The identical shape of the wedge profile surface 1021 of the first wedge angle 102 and the wedge profile surface 1031 of the second wedge angle 103 means that the mathematical equations of the profile shapes of the two wedge profile surfaces are identical (please refer to fig. 2, the mathematical equations are piecewise functions:
Figure BDA0001877640680000081
x and Y are variables of the workpiece machining locus in two coordinate axes of the coordinate system, and other letters are constant), and the wedge profile surface 1021 of the first wedge angle 102 and the wedge profile surface 1031 of the second wedge angle 103 are in the same plane.
In the embodiment of the invention, when the numerical control machining program after the deviation correction is made, the deviation is respectively adjusted and reduced according to the measured data of the wedge profile surface 1021 of the first wedge angle 102 and the wedge profile surface 1031 of the second wedge angle 103, and then the program is modified to obtain a new machining program. Since the wedge profile surface 1021 of the first wedge angle 102 and the wedge profile surface 1031 of the second wedge angle 103 are machined in two steps, the actual dimensions of the wedge surface 1021 of the first wedge angle 102 and the actual dimensions of the wedge surface 1031 of the second wedge angle 103 may differ from each other with respect to the axis. The different differences mainly come from the workpiece structure, the cutter rigidity, the position of the cutting edge, the machining deformation and the like, except for the individual reasons of the parts. The difference between the actual dimensions of the wedge contour surface 1021 of the first wedge angle 102 and the wedge contour surface 1031 of the second wedge angle 103 cannot exceed the machining requirements of the part. The position where the maximum difference between the wedge profile surface 1021 of the first wedge angle 102 and the wedge profile surface 1031 of the second wedge angle 103 occurs can be represented on a processing trajectory diagram by a mathematical equation, the modified processing trajectory can reduce the difference between the wedge profile surface 1021 of the first wedge angle 102 and the wedge profile surface 1031 of the second wedge angle 103, and the modified processing trajectory can be compiled into a modified processing program for the wedge profile surface 1021 of the first wedge angle 102 and the wedge profile surface 1031 of the second wedge angle 103.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the present invention that is presented in conjunction with specific embodiments, and the practice of the invention is not to be considered limited to those descriptions. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (6)

1. The utility model provides a processing technology of piston on CNC lathe, the piston includes the head seat, and the symmetry is formed at first wedge angle and second wedge angle on the head seat, its characterized in that: the machining process is used for symmetrically forming wedge profile surfaces on the first wedge angle and the second wedge angle, the wedge profile surfaces of the first wedge angle and the second wedge angle are the same in shape, and the machining process comprises the following steps:
step a), inputting the numerical control machining program of the first wedge angle wedge profile surface and the second wedge angle wedge profile surface into a storage unit of a machine tool;
step b), clamping and positioning a workpiece to be machined on a fixture of the machine tool, then determining the coordinate origin values of the machining coordinate system X, Y and Z of the workpiece, and setting X, Y, Z coordinate values of the machining origin in the workpiece coordinate system of the machine tool according to the coordinate origin values; the clamp comprises a base for accommodating the head seat, a positioning block arranged on the base and matched with the root of one wedge angle, and two pressing plates symmetrically arranged on the base and used for pressing the head seat, the base is provided with a limiting hole matched with the head seat of the piston, each pressure plate is respectively and rotatably connected with the base through a first rotating shaft, the axis of the first rotating shaft is parallel to the axis of the limiting hole, each pressing plate is respectively provided with a pressing piece which penetrates through the pressing plate and is used for abutting against the head seat, the pressing piece is a threaded piece, a threaded hole which is parallel to the axis of the limiting hole and is matched with the pressing piece is formed in the pressing plate, the positioning block is connected with the base through a second rotating shaft, the axis of the second rotating shaft is vertical to the axis of the limiting hole, the positioning block can rotate to abut against one wedge angle and is fixed with the base through a fastener;
step c), processing the first wedge angle wedge contour surface and the second wedge angle wedge contour surface according to the numerical control processing program in the step a);
d), measuring X, Y, Z actual coordinate values of each point on the first wedge angle oblique wedge profile surface and the second wedge angle oblique wedge profile surface respectively, comparing the measured data with the dimensions in the design drawings of the first wedge angle oblique wedge profile surface and the second wedge angle oblique wedge profile surface, and determining the position and the size of deviation of the first wedge angle oblique wedge profile surface and the second wedge angle oblique wedge profile surface caused by deformation in the machining process respectively;
step e), respectively correcting the deviations of the first wedge angle wedge profile surface and the second wedge angle wedge profile surface in opposite directions according to the processing track and the deviations determined in the step d), forming a corrected processing track, and regenerating a numerical control processing program according to the corrected processing track, wherein the processing track curve of the corrected processing cutter is continuous with the adjacent curve without mutual influence, and the profile curves are kept independent;
and f), processing other workpieces to be processed to qualified parts according to the numerical control processing program in the step e).
2. A process of machining a piston on a CNC machine according to claim 1 wherein: the specific steps of clamping and positioning the workpiece to be machined on the fixture of the machine tool in the step b) are as follows: step b1), rotating the positioning block and the pressure plate until the limiting hole is completely exposed, and then inserting the head seat of the workpiece into the limiting hole; step b2), rotating the positioning block to extend towards the orifice of the limiting hole, and then screwing the fastener to fix the positioning block and the base; step b3), the piston is rotated to enable the root side surface of the inclined wedge profile surface of one wedge angle to be abutted against the positioning block, then the two pressing plates are rotated to be respectively pressed against the head seat, and then the pressing piece is screwed to be abutted against the head seat.
3. A process of machining a piston on a CNC machine according to claim 1 wherein: the specific forming method of the numerical control machining program of the first wedge angle wedge profile surface and the second wedge angle wedge profile surface in the step a) comprises the following steps: in automatic programming software, models of a first wedge angle oblique wedge profile surface and a second wedge angle oblique wedge profile surface are compiled to generate the numerical control machining program, the models of the first wedge angle oblique wedge profile surface and the second wedge angle oblique wedge profile surface are theoretical models established in three-dimensional software according to the shape and the size in the design drawing, and the automatic programming software is computer software which is compiled to generate a language which can be recognized by numerical control machining equipment by using a three-dimensional model.
4. A process of machining a piston on a CNC machine according to claim 1 wherein: the specific steps of comparing the data measured in the step d) with the dimensions in the design drawings of the first wedge angle wedge profile surface and the second wedge angle wedge profile surface are as follows: firstly, reestablishing actual measurement models of the first wedge angle oblique wedge profile surface and the second wedge angle oblique wedge profile surface according to the actual coordinate values, and then respectively comparing the reestablished two actual measurement models with the theoretical model established in the three-dimensional software according to the shape and the size in the design drawing.
5. A process of machining a piston on a CNC machine according to claim 1 wherein: and d) comparing the actual coordinate values with theoretical coordinate values in the design drawing of the first wedge angle wedge profile surface and the second wedge angle wedge profile surface in CAD software.
6. A process of machining a piston on a CNC machine as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5, wherein: in the step e), after the numerical control machining program is regenerated, the regenerated numerical control machining program is used for covering the numerical control machining program in the step a).
CN201811407130.1A 2018-11-23 2018-11-23 Machining process of piston on CNC (computer numerical control) machine tool Expired - Fee Related CN109590788B (en)

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CN2590820Y (en) * 2002-10-22 2003-12-10 王政 Common unit brakes for rail-engine and vehicle use
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CN102441807A (en) * 2012-01-11 2012-05-09 南车成都机车车辆有限公司 Vertical composite fixture for frame
CN104759942B (en) * 2015-04-22 2018-06-26 华中科技大学 A kind of milling deformation on-line measurement of thin-walled parts and compensation processing method
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