CN114055253B - Process characteristic measurement construction and processing method for large complex surface part - Google Patents
Process characteristic measurement construction and processing method for large complex surface part Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a process characteristic measurement construction and processing method of a large complex surface part, which comprises the steps of establishing a space rectangular coordinate system of the large complex surface part; constructing a part design model according to the established space rectangular coordinate system, and extracting process characteristics; constructing a parameter equation of the extracted process characteristics; clamping and shape surface measurement are carried out on a part blank to be processed, and an initial curved surface data packet and a clamping state process curved surface data packet are obtained; reconstructing the actual curved surface of the inner surface according to the initial curved surface data packet and the clamping state process curved surface data packet; extracting process feature coordinates according to the reconstructed inner surface curved surface; fitting and constructing a process curved surface according to the extracted process feature coordinates; and processing the part blank to be processed according to the established space rectangular coordinate system and the reconstructed process curved surface. The invention greatly reduces the time required by measurement and model feature generation and has high accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of numerical control machining, in particular to a process characteristic measurement construction and machining method of a large-scale complex-shaped surface part.
Background
The large thin-wall annular part is an important part in aerospace equipment, and with the requirements of weight reduction, high performance and high reliability of products, the large thin-wall annular part with complex characteristics needs to be integrally formed and manufactured, so that the traditional local block welding forming mode is replaced. A large-sized revolving body thin-wall annular part made of high-strength aluminum alloy is formed by integrally forming a plate, then improving mechanical properties through heat treatment, and finally finishing complex feature processing on a forming surface. The outer curved surface of the part is provided with the characteristics of thin-wall high-rib grids, round corners, positioning holes, skins, high-precision notches for positioning and installing the part and the like, and the dimensional precision of various characteristic processing determines the reliability and the overall weight control requirement of subsequent assembly. The traditional local part processing mode mainly designs various special templates according to different curved surface characteristics, scores the position relation of various grid, holes and other characteristics, and manually completes chemical milling manufacturing.
The existing integrally formed annular part continues the traditional chemical milling scheme, the design of a theoretical template is adopted to carry out manual chemical milling processing after scribing, but the deformation of the integral large thin-wall annular part after processes such as spinning and heat treatment is extremely complex, the deviation of the surface datum and each theoretical surface is extremely large and the distribution is irregular, the accurate scribing is difficult to complete by adopting the theoretical template, a large number of manual grinding and correction are needed to realize processing, the processing efficiency and the quality stability are severely restricted, the future manufacturing requirements are not met, and the construction of complex surface technological characteristics after the integral forming of the large thin-wall annular part and the realization of high-efficiency and high-precision digital processing are key difficulties which need to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a process characteristic measurement construction and processing method of a large-scale complex surface part.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a process characteristic measurement construction and processing method of a large complex surface part comprises the following steps:
establishing a space rectangular coordinate system of a large-scale complex surface part;
constructing a part design model according to the established space rectangular coordinate system, and extracting process characteristics under the part design model;
constructing a parameter equation of the extracted process characteristics;
clamping and shape surface measurement are carried out on a part blank to be processed, and an initial curved surface data packet and a clamping state process curved surface data packet are obtained;
reconstructing the actual curved surface of the inner surface according to the initial curved surface data packet and the clamping state process curved surface data packet;
extracting process feature coordinates under the reconstructed inner surface curved surface according to the corresponding relation between the reconstructed inner surface curved surface process feature parameter equation and the part design model;
fitting and constructing a process curved surface according to the extracted process feature coordinates under the reconstructed inner shape surface curved surface;
and processing the part blank to be processed according to the established space rectangular coordinate system and the reconstructed process curved surface.
Further, the establishment of the space rectangular coordinate system of the large complex surface part specifically comprises the following sub-steps:
taking the mounting platform as a reference plane, uniformly distributing four quadrants on 4 working tables, and adjusting the working tables to enable the circle centers of the working tables to pass through the rotation central axis of the part;
and (3) taking the rotation central axis of the part design model as a Z axis, taking the bottom surface of the working table surface as a reference plane, and establishing a space rectangular coordinate system.
Further, the process features include:
longitudinal ribs, transverse ribs, grid areas, skin and mounting positioning holes.
Further, the clamping and shape surface measurement are carried out on the part blank to be processed to obtain an initial curved surface data packet and a clamping state process curved surface data packet, which specifically comprise the following steps:
carrying out visible light processing on the large end area of the part blank to be processed, and then placing the large end area of the part blank to be processed on a working table;
under the condition that no auxiliary support is installed, performing surface forming target point arrangement according to a first interval;
continuously scanning from a small end area to a large end area of a part blank to be processed to finish full-form surface measurement, and obtaining an initial curved surface data packet;
and installing auxiliary supports in the longitudinal rib areas and part of the transverse rib areas, and continuously scanning to finish full-form surface measurement to obtain a clamping state process curved surface data packet.
Further, the reconstructing the actual curved surface of the inner surface according to the initial curved surface data packet and the clamping state process curved surface data packet specifically comprises the following sub-steps:
matching point cloud common points of the initial curved surface data packet and the clamping state process curved surface data packet by taking the established space rectangular coordinate system as a reference, removing redundant point clouds of a tool area, and respectively completing two times of curved surface fitting by adopting an interpolation and continuous fairing method;
and processing and cutting the point cloud of the initial curved surface data packet, shifting the tooling area of the clamping state process curved surface data packet, and carrying out matching transition on the shifted point cloud and the tooling area of the clamping state process curved surface data packet to obtain the reconstructed inner curved surface.
Further, the extracting process feature coordinates according to the reconstructed inner surface curved surface specifically includes:
and inserting the reconstructed inner surface curved surface into the facet characteristic by taking the established space rectangular coordinate system as a reference, dispersing the reconstructed inner surface curved surface into adjacent triangular surface patches, and extracting process characteristic coordinates.
Further, the fitting construction of the process curved surface according to the extracted process feature coordinates specifically comprises the following sub-steps:
fitting the same Z-axis coordinate points as a fitting plane, fitting the process feature points corresponding to the same Z-axis coordinate points as a fitting curve, and approximating the fitting curve by the fitting plane until the interpolation of the fitting plane and the high and low points of the fitting curve is smaller than a set threshold; taking the intersection line of the fitting plane and the reconstructed inner-shaped surface as a new process characteristic curve to obtain process characteristic curves in different transverse rib directions;
fitting characteristic points of different Z-axis coordinates under the same X-axis and Y-axis coordinates to form a fitting curve, and approximating the fitting curve by using a fitting plane until the interpolation of the fitting plane and the high and low points of the fitting curve is smaller than a set threshold value; taking the intersection line of the fitting plane and the reconstructed inner-shaped surface as a new process characteristic curve to obtain a longitudinal transverse rib direction process characteristic curve;
shifting the new process characteristic curve along the normal direction of the curved surface by different distances to form a shifting characteristic curve;
and generating a thickness-free process curved surface by adopting a boundary mixing method to generate the offset characteristic curve and the new process characteristic curve.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention adopts the regional digital measurement of the integrally formed large thin-wall annular part to finish the numerical interpolation and repair of the complex surface with the undetectable region under the support of the local tool, and the quick and accurate reconstruction of the technical characteristics to be processed, combines the numerical control processing technology to realize the efficient and high-precision processing of the part, solves the problems existing in the traditional chemical milling, greatly reduces the time required for the generation of the characteristics of the measurement and the model, satisfies the deviation of the blank processing standard and the design standard after the integral forming, and can not be directly processed by using the design model, but needs to ensure the requirements of relevant geometric dimensions, has high accuracy, not only can be used for annular structural parts related in the invention, but also is suitable for the technical assistance of other complex forming deformed curved surfaces, and satisfies the requirements of efficient and high-precision numerical control processing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a process feature measurement construction and processing method for a large complex surface part in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the features of a partially symmetric region of a large complex-surface part in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an outer curved surface skin of a large complex-surface part in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an inner curved skin of a large complex-surface part in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a comparison of a skin of a measured reconstructed reference surface and an actual outer surface in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of the height difference between the reconstruction curve and a fixed plane in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of a process feature curved surface according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and all the inventions which make use of the inventive concept are protected by the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined in the appended claims to those skilled in the art.
Aiming at the defects of the existing manufacturing process and facing the requirements of processing the appearance characteristics of the integrally formed large thin-wall annular part, the invention discloses a processing method for digitally measuring the characteristic appearance surface of the large thin-wall annular part and quickly reconstructing the process characteristics. According to the characteristics that the part belongs to an annular large thin-wall part, the shape surface is deformed and complex, and the part cannot be processed by using a design model, a five-axis processing center and vertical clamping are adopted; the internal shape of the part is a processing reference, and according to the thin-wall characteristic distribution, the internal shape surface is provided with a multipoint auxiliary support, so that the local rigidity is enhanced; after clamping, measuring the internal shape reference data according to the subareas by adopting a laser scanner, extracting process characteristics by designing a model, constructing a part parameter equation and a coordinate system, and repairing undetectable areas by combining the measuring model; and on the reference surface, adopting CAM to complete quick construction of the internal shape reference and complex shape surface process characteristics, and finally setting allowance compensation on the model curved surface in a numerical control system to realize the integral processing of the part. The method of the invention is not only suitable for integrally forming large thin-wall annular parts, but also suitable for measuring and reconstructing process characteristics of other irregular complex surface parts and carrying out numerical control processing on the parts.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention provides a process feature measurement construction and processing method of a large complex surface part, which comprises the following steps S1 to S8:
s1, establishing a space rectangular coordinate system of a large-scale complex surface part;
in an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the establishment of the space rectangular coordinate system of the large complex surface part specifically comprises the following sub-steps:
firstly, establishing a clamping lower benchmark of a part design model.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the invention uses the mounting platform as a reference plane, adopts 4 working tables to uniformly distribute four quadrants for placement, and adjusts the working tables to enable the circle center of the working tables to pass through the rotation central axis of the part; the machine tool is adopted to make a meter to align the circle center, the position of the part is adjusted through trial assembly, and the circle center is ensured to pass through the rotation central axis of the part.
And then establishing a space rectangular coordinate system of the large complex surface part.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the invention uses the rotation central axis of the part design model as a Z axis, uses the bottom surface of the working table surface as a reference plane, and establishes a space rectangular coordinate system X-Y-Z, wherein O is the center of the coordinate system, and the coordinate system is the coordinate system for surface measurement and curved surface process characteristic construction.
The figure 2 comprises a 1-inner curved surface skin (for processing reference, the outer curved surface needs to be met and the inner curved surface needs to ensure equal thickness); 2-wide rib symmetry plane (the part is an annular symmetry piece, and the wide rib symmetry plane is taken as a symmetry boundary); 3-the outer surface of the wide rib; 4-positioning assembly holes (high precision holes for assembling the remaining structural members); 5-longitudinal ribs (longitudinal rib features on the outer curved skin); 6-an outer curved skin (in equal thickness relation to the inner curved skin); 7-transverse ribs (transverse ribs on the outer curved skin); 8-floor fillet features (fillets formed by the ribs and the skin floor); 9-side corner features (corners formed by transverse and longitudinal bars); 10-mounting platform datum plane.
S2, constructing a part design model according to the established space rectangular coordinate system, and extracting process characteristics under the part design model;
in an alternative embodiment of the invention, the part design models are symmetrically distributed, so that one sixth of the local area is taken to complete the process feature extraction of the design models. As shown in fig. 3, the technical characteristics of the part to be processed include longitudinal ribs, transverse ribs, grid areas, skins, mounting positioning holes and the like, and the geometric size requirements of the characteristics before and after deformation are required to be met. And extracting the central intersection point E of the center under the design model, and simultaneously obtaining the coordinates of each characteristic point.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a distribution of the extraction of typical structural features of a part and expressed in a space coordinate system, and the left diagram is specifically: a is a wide rib symmetrical plane intersection line; b-intersecting the longitudinal ribs; c-intersecting the transverse ribs; d-grid area; e-feature points; the right hand graph illustrates the outer curved surface characteristics of the inner rib support region and the design model.
S3, constructing a parameter equation of the extracted process characteristics;
in an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the shaped surface after forming the part blank satisfies smooth continuity, as shown in fig. 3, in the space coordinate system, a point on the curved surface of the skin 6 satisfies equation F (x, y, z) =0, and the point E on the curved surface is the central intersection point of each feature of the part due to smooth continuity of the shaped surface (i.e., F (x ', y ', z ' noteq0)). As shown in fig. 5, Δh is the height difference between the feature points E and E' corresponding to the two curved surfaces along the normal vector direction, and the actual shape surface and the design shape surface have the height difference Δh along the normal vector direction, so that the geometric relationship characterization is performed by the equal arc length under the same cross section. Taking the local grid area as an example: according to the plane curve integral rule under the section, at X n Under the section-O-Y, the arc length delta S of the transverse rib grid c In Z-O-E n Under the section, the arc length delta S of the longitudinal rib grid b . According to the geometric relationship of the characteristics and the arc length of the same section, deltaS c ＝△S c ', is
Similarly, deltaS b ＝△S b ’。
S4, clamping and shape surface measurement are carried out on the part blank to be processed, and an initial curved surface data packet and a clamping state process curved surface data packet are obtained;
in an alternative embodiment of the invention, clamping and shape surface measurement are carried out on a part blank to be processed to obtain an initial curved surface data packet and a clamping state process curved surface data packet, which specifically comprise the following sub-steps:
carrying out visible light processing on the large end area of the part blank to be processed, and then placing the large end area of the part blank to be processed on a working table;
specifically, 4 work tables are uniformly distributed in a machine tool, flatness is guaranteed by a work table surface, the surface is aligned, a large end area of a blank is turned to a visible light guaranteeing reference, then a large end of a part is placed on the work table surface and fixed, and a Z-direction center reference is difficult to obtain after the part is deformed, so that the part is guaranteed to be fixed in the range of the work table surface.
Under the condition that no auxiliary support is installed, performing surface forming target point arrangement according to a first interval;
specifically, the digital measurement is completed on the internal form surface of the part. The part internal-shaped surface longitudinal rib area and part transverse rib area need to be provided with an adjustable internal-shaped surface auxiliary support for improving the rigidity of the whole structure, but the auxiliary support is attached to the internal-shaped surface to cause difficult detection of a measurement area. Accordingly, firstly, the surface target point arrangement is completed according to the interval of not more than 100mm multiplied by 100mm under the condition that no auxiliary support is installed.
Continuously scanning from a small end area to a large end area of a part blank to be processed to finish full-form surface measurement, and obtaining an initial curved surface data packet;
specifically, from a small end area to a large end area of the part, continuous one-time scanning is carried out to finish full-form surface measurement, and an initial curved surface data packet is obtained.
And installing auxiliary supports in the longitudinal rib areas and part of the transverse rib areas, and continuously scanning to finish full-form surface measurement to obtain a clamping state process curved surface data packet.
Specifically, the auxiliary support is arranged in the longitudinal rib area and part of the transverse rib area, the shape surface can generate certain deformation after the auxiliary support is arranged, and the full shape surface is continuously scanned for the second time to finish the measurement of the full shape surface at the moment, so that the process curved surface data packet after the auxiliary support is arranged is formed.
S5, reconstructing the actual curved surface of the inner surface according to the initial curved surface data packet and the clamping state process curved surface data packet;
in an alternative embodiment of the present invention, reconstructing the actual curved surface of the inner surface according to the initial curved surface data packet and the clamping state process curved surface data packet specifically includes the following sub-steps:
matching point cloud common points of the initial curved surface data packet and the clamping state process curved surface data packet by taking the established space rectangular coordinate system as a reference, removing redundant point clouds of a tool area, and respectively completing two times of curved surface fitting by adopting an interpolation and continuous fairing method;
specifically, the CAM is adopted to complete the point cloud data import, the coordinate system established in the step S1 is used as a reference, the data import of the curved surface measured twice in the step S5 is respectively completed, the curve fitting is completed by adopting an interpolation and continuous fairing method, the first measuring area does not contain a tool support, the second measuring area contains a tool support, and the local rib support area cannot acquire the shape surface data.
And processing and cutting the point cloud of the initial curved surface data packet, shifting the tooling area of the clamping state process curved surface data packet, and carrying out matching transition on the shifted point cloud and the tooling area of the clamping state process curved surface data packet to obtain the reconstructed inner curved surface.
Specifically, the point cloud processing of the first measurement is cut off and selected, the point cloud processing of the first measurement is offset from the point cloud processing of the second measurement in the area, the data of the corresponding area are used for repairing and completing the second undetectable area after matching transition, the repair of the undetectable area model of the part blank under the actual clamping is realized, the shape surface precision is improved, and the reconstructed curved surface is obtained.
S6, extracting process feature coordinates under the reconstructed inner surface curved surface according to the corresponding relation between the reconstructed inner surface curved surface process feature parameter equation and the part design model;
in an optional embodiment of the present invention, extracting process feature coordinates according to the reconstructed inner surface and curved surface specifically includes:
and inserting the reconstructed inner surface curved surface into the facet characteristic by taking the established space rectangular coordinate system as a reference, dispersing the reconstructed inner surface curved surface into adjacent triangular surface patches, and extracting process characteristic coordinates.
Specifically, by specially designing the model processExtracting the features, namely completing point position calculation of adjacent features on the basis of determining a first reference point according to an equal arc length mode, firstly inserting a reconstruction model into a selected facet feature according to a current coordinate system reference, discretizing the reconstruction model into adjacent triangular patches, and then deriving the triangular patches into PTS format coordinate points and extracting the PTS format coordinate points; in the mathematical tool, as shown in fig. 4, the initial value of the bottom plane is taken as Z, the coordinate of the first feature point E is set, the arc length formula of the step S3 is substituted by the relation of different arc lengths delta S and specific values under the design model, the extraction is completed in PTS coordinate data by the mathematical tool, and the coordinate value E of each feature point E under the reference coordinate system is finally obtained by the arc length calculation formula n (x i ，y j ，z k )。
Fig. 4 specifically shows that an actual outer curved surface model is obtained by actual scanning and fitting and thickening in the normal direction to form a model. The left graph is the geometric position relation expression of the design model features and the actual model features; the right panel illustrates the reconstructed deformed surface features and longitudinal rib unmeasurable regions.
S7, fitting and constructing a process curved surface according to the extracted process feature coordinates;
in an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the construction of the process surface according to the extracted process feature coordinate fit specifically includes the following sub-steps:
fitting the same Z-axis coordinate points as a fitting plane, fitting the process feature points corresponding to the same Z-axis coordinate points as a fitting curve, and approximating the fitting curve by the fitting plane until the interpolation of the fitting plane and the high and low points of the fitting curve is smaller than a set threshold; taking the intersection line of the fitting plane and the reconstructed inner-shaped surface as a new process characteristic curve to obtain process characteristic curves in different transverse rib directions;
fitting characteristic points of different Z-axis coordinates under the same X-axis and Y-axis coordinates to form a fitting curve, and approximating the fitting curve by using a fitting plane until the interpolation of the fitting plane and the high and low points of the fitting curve is smaller than a set threshold value; taking the intersection line of the fitting plane and the reconstructed inner-shaped surface as a new process characteristic curve to obtain a longitudinal transverse rib direction process characteristic curve;
shifting the new process characteristic curve along the normal direction of the curved surface by different distances to form a shifting characteristic curve;
and generating a thickness-free process curved surface by adopting a boundary mixing method to generate the offset characteristic curve and the new process characteristic curve.
Specifically, the feature point E obtained in the previous step is obtained n The specific mapping of the process characteristics is completed on the model by importing the process characteristics into the CAM according to a reference coordinate system; the obtained process characteristic points have certain errors in arc length calculation and extraction and introduction, and in order to meet the numerical control processing requirement, the process characteristic points are in the transverse rib direction as shown in figure 6, wherein 11-Z k Plane and curve E z Maximum height difference; 12-curve E fitted by points of identical Z value k in each characteristic point E z The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the A plane with a value of 13-Z being k, to be equal to Z k Each feature point E under the value n Fitting to curve E z In Z k Plane approximation curve E z Ensure the plane and E z Interpolation delta of high and low points is less than XXmm (sum of arc length and wall thickness accumulated error). Then, as shown in 14 in fig. 7, the intersection line generated by the plane and the reconstruction model is used as a new process characteristic curve, and process characteristic curves in different longitudinal rib directions can be obtained in the same way; as shown in fig. 7, where Z is a new intersection line of planar surface curved surface removal under a certain value, specifically a 14-new process characteristic curve and a 15-offset characteristic curve, the new process characteristic curve 14 is offset by different distances along the normal direction of the curved surface to form an offset characteristic curve 15, and then boundary mixing is adopted to construct various non-thickness curved surfaces.
S8, machining the part blank to be machined according to the established space rectangular coordinate system and the reconstructed technological curved surface.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, firstly, the process curved surface omits the process characteristics such as corners, fillets and the like, and numerical control programming is directly carried out by adopting the process curved surface constructed in the last step, so that the overall process modeling efficiency is greatly improved; adopting the reference coordinate system to control the machining reference, taking the industrial characteristic curved surfaces of the outer curved surface skin, the longitudinal ribs and the transverse ribs as target machining surfaces, setting the curved surface machining allowance offset and adding cutter compensation according to the actual requirement of the wall thickness allowance, and realizing the tool position track planning of different thicknesses under the condition of only curved surface characteristics; corner features, namely selecting standard corner large and small cutters for natural forming; the characteristic of the bottom surface fillet adopts a standard-size fillet or a ball head cutter to carry out back chipping processing; the characteristic holes are processed by adopting a drill bit with standard size; the steps and the contents of the reconstruction model are integrated into CAM software after secondary development, and can be directly called by a craftsman through needs.
Specifically, the generated process characteristic curved surface has no thickness, and the part needs to meet the requirements of the thickness of a skin of 2.5mm plus or minus 0.2, the thickness of each rib of 4mm plus or minus 0.15, a grid corner R8, a bottom fillet R3 and a mounting hole size D10. Based on the numerical control machining coordinate system, the non-thickness curved surface in the eighth step is used as a target machining curved surface, the curved surface machining allowance deviation and tool compensation are set according to the wall thickness requirement of each curved surface, the D16R3 tool and the D10 drill are adopted for machining, the out-of-tolerance is avoided according to a layered milling and on-line detection mode, the tool position track planning of different thicknesses under the condition of only curved surface characteristics is realized, and the final dimensions of the part meet the technical indexes.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to specific examples, which are provided to facilitate understanding of the method and core ideas of the present invention; meanwhile, as those skilled in the art will have variations in the specific embodiments and application scope in accordance with the ideas of the present invention, the present description should not be construed as limiting the present invention in view of the above.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the embodiments described herein are for the purpose of aiding the reader in understanding the principles of the present invention and should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to such specific statements and embodiments. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make various other specific modifications and combinations from the teachings of the present disclosure without departing from the spirit thereof, and such modifications and combinations remain within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (3)
1. The technological feature measurement construction and processing method of the large complex surface part is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, establishing a space rectangular coordinate system of a large-scale complex surface part;
s2, constructing a part design model according to the established space rectangular coordinate system, and extracting process characteristics under the part design model;
s3, constructing a parameter equation of the extracted process characteristics;
s4, clamping and shape surface measurement are carried out on a part blank to be processed to obtain an initial curved surface data packet and a clamping state process curved surface data packet, and the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
carrying out visible light processing on the large end area of the part blank to be processed, and then placing the large end area of the part blank to be processed on a working table;
under the condition that no auxiliary support is installed, performing surface forming target point arrangement according to a first interval;
continuously scanning from a small end area to a large end area of a part blank to be processed to finish full-form surface measurement, and obtaining an initial curved surface data packet;
installing auxiliary supports in the longitudinal rib areas and part of the transverse rib areas, and continuously scanning to finish full-form surface measurement to obtain a clamping state process curved surface data packet;
s5, reconstructing an actual curved surface of the inner surface according to the initial curved surface data packet and the clamping state process curved surface data packet, and specifically comprising the following sub-steps:
matching point cloud common points of the initial curved surface data packet and the clamping state process curved surface data packet by taking the established space rectangular coordinate system as a reference, removing redundant point clouds of a tool area, and respectively completing two times of curved surface fitting by adopting an interpolation and continuous fairing method;
the method comprises the steps of performing point cloud processing and cutting of an initial curved surface data packet, shifting a tooling area of a clamping state process curved surface data packet, and performing matching transition on the shifted point cloud and the tooling area of the clamping state process curved surface data packet to obtain a reconstructed inner curved surface;
s6, extracting process feature coordinates under the reconstructed inner surface curved surface according to the corresponding relation between the reconstructed inner surface curved surface process feature parameter equation and the part design model, wherein the process feature coordinates concretely comprise:
inserting the reconstructed inner surface curved surface into the facet feature by taking the established space rectangular coordinate system as a reference, dispersing the reconstructed inner surface curved surface into adjacent triangular surface patches, and extracting process feature coordinates;
s7, fitting and constructing a process curved surface according to the extracted process feature coordinates under the reconstructed inner shape surface curved surface, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
fitting the same Z-axis coordinate points as a fitting plane, fitting the process feature points corresponding to the same Z-axis coordinate points as a fitting curve, and approximating the fitting curve by the fitting plane until the interpolation of the fitting plane and the high and low points of the fitting curve is smaller than a set threshold; taking the intersection line of the fitting plane and the reconstructed inner-shaped surface as a new process characteristic curve to obtain process characteristic curves in different transverse rib directions;
fitting characteristic points of different Z-axis coordinates under the same X-axis and Y-axis coordinates to form a fitting curve, and approximating the fitting curve by using a fitting plane until the interpolation of the fitting plane and the high and low points of the fitting curve is smaller than a set threshold value; taking the intersection line of the fitting plane and the reconstructed inner-shaped surface as a new process characteristic curve to obtain a longitudinal transverse rib direction process characteristic curve;
shifting the new process characteristic curve along the normal direction of the curved surface by different distances to form a shifting characteristic curve;
adopting a boundary mixing method to generate a thickness-free process curved surface from the offset characteristic curve and the new process characteristic curve;
s8, machining the part blank to be machined according to the established space rectangular coordinate system and the reconstructed technological curved surface.
2. The method for measuring, constructing and processing the process characteristics of the large complex surface part according to claim 1, wherein the step of establishing a space rectangular coordinate system of the large complex surface part specifically comprises the following sub-steps:
taking the mounting platform as a reference plane, uniformly distributing four quadrants on 4 working tables, and adjusting the working tables to enable the circle centers of the working tables to pass through the rotation central axis of the part;
and (3) taking the rotation central axis of the part design model as a Z axis, taking the bottom surface of the working table surface as a reference plane, and establishing a space rectangular coordinate system.
3. The process feature measurement construction and processing method of a large complex surface part according to claim 1, wherein the process features comprise:
longitudinal ribs, transverse ribs, grid areas, skin and mounting positioning holes.
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