CN110989494A - Thin-wall part machining error measuring and compensating method based on trigger type measuring head - Google Patents
Thin-wall part machining error measuring and compensating method based on trigger type measuring head Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/404—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by control arrangements for compensation, e.g. for backlash, overshoot, tool offset, tool wear, temperature, machine construction errors, load, inertia
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/35—Nc in input of data, input till input file format
- G05B2219/35222—From cad derive data points for endball mill, grinder, then radius compensation
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Abstract
A measuring point is selected when a thin-wall part required by primary machining is processed, a global machining error is calculated through actually measured data obtained by actually measuring the trigger type measuring head, and the global machining error is transmitted to a numerical control machine system in real time according to current position information of the numerical control machine system and a corresponding compensation value obtained according to the global error in subsequent machining, so that the part machining error is remarkably reduced. In the data acquisition stage, the reliability of the data is improved by eliminating gross errors; in the data analysis stage, the actual processing data of the whole outer surface is accurately reflected through neural network fitting, the finally obtained processing error data can be suitable for parts in any same shape, the relation between the processing error data and other factors such as clamping position, geometric error and self processing accuracy of the parts is small, and different point selection strategies can be selected through different shapes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technology in the field of machining, in particular to a thin-wall part machining error measuring and compensating method based on a trigger type measuring head.
Background
The numerical control machine tool machining is a machining mode which is commonly used for thin-walled parts at the present stage, and machining errors mainly comprise: geometric errors from machine tool manufacturing, fit errors between components, etc.; the heat error caused by the thermal deformation of machine tool parts caused by internal and external heat sources such as a motor, a transmission part, ambient temperature and the like; the force error caused by the deformation of the cutter and the workpiece caused by the cutting force, the clamping force, the gravity of a process system and the like is the most obvious.
The existing cutting force errors are generally overcome by a ball rod instrument, namely the type and the amplitude of the geometric errors of a machine tool are measured and evaluated by utilizing the measuring principle of the ball rod instrument, or the cutting force errors are realized by replacing a cutter on a main shaft of the machine tool with a trigger measuring head in an on-machine detection mode, but the technology has high requirements on the precision of a detection shape surface, and meanwhile, a relatively accurate result can be obtained only by complicated decoupling process calculation, and secondly, most of the prior art does not consider the mutual coupling action between the thermal errors and the force errors and the geometric errors of the machine tool.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a thin-wall part machining error measuring and compensating method based on a trigger type measuring head, and in the data acquisition stage, the reliability of data is improved by eliminating gross errors; in the data analysis stage, the actual processing data of the whole outer surface is accurately reflected through neural network fitting, the finally obtained processing error data can be suitable for parts in any same shape, the relation between the processing error data and other factors such as clamping position, geometric error and self processing accuracy of the parts is small, and different point selection strategies can be selected through different shapes.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a thin-wall part machining error measuring and compensating method based on a trigger type measuring head.
The primary processing comprises the following steps: according to a three-dimensional model of a thin-wall part to be machined, establishing a workpiece coordinate system through a numerical control machine tool system tool setting tool, and primarily machining the part by using machining codes generated by the model, specifically: selecting a characteristic point at any position on a workpiece as the origin of a workpiece coordinate system according to a three-dimensional model of the thin-wall part to be machined, generating a machining code by using a CAM module in Solidworks software, and importing the machining code into a numerical control machine system; and placing the workpiece blank on a machine tool workbench, establishing a workpiece coordinate system by tool setting, and primarily processing the part by using the processing code.
And selecting the measuring points, and taking one point every 10cm along the surface curve of the workpiece according to an equidistance point distribution strategy.
The actual measurement refers to: comparing and analyzing the actual measurement coordinate value of the measurement point with the theoretical coordinate value of each point to obtain the actual machining error of each point of the part, wherein the actual machining error specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) replacing the trigger type measuring head under the condition of keeping the setting of the numerical control machine tool system unchanged, and measuring the outer surface of the thin-wall part obtained by primary processing after the tool is set in the vertical direction, namely the Z direction again. And sequentially measuring three-dimensional coordinate data S (x, y, z) of each measuring point in a workpiece coordinate system by a trigger type measuring head.
And the actually measured coordinate values are preferably led into a compensation controller through a CNC control unit.
The global machining error is obtained by removing a large error based on an actual measurement coordinate value of a known measurement point, constructing an estimation model of the surface obtained by actually machining the thin-wall part by using an interpolation method and a neural network method, and further obtaining a machining error E ═ S1-S2Wherein: s1For estimating the actual processed coordinate values of each point on the workpiece surface in the model, S2The ideal coordinate values of each point on the surface of the workpiece.
The gross errors are removed by the following steps: and calculating the standard deviation of the overall measurement value according to the Lauda criterion, and removing the point when the absolute value of the residual error of a certain measurement value is larger than the standard deviation, namely the measurement value has a coarse error.
The interpolation method is characterized in that the measured coordinate data with small quantity are interpolated by using an interpolation function, and a large quantity of point coordinate data are obtained to be used as a training set.
The construction is as follows: and (3) using a tool box in Matlab software, firstly, interpolating each measuring point by using an interpolation function to obtain a large amount of point data. Then, the coordinate value of any point can be obtained by performing an operation using a neural network function.
And the compensation value obtains a corresponding coordinate value P' ═ P-E which is actually reached after compensation according to the global error, wherein: p is the theoretical coordinate value of the tool in the generated machining code, and E is the machining error.
The invention relates to a compensation control system for realizing the method, which comprises the following steps: a compensation computer unit, a machine tool controller unit, a programmable controller unit and a machine tool table unit, wherein: the compensation computer is connected with the machine tool controller and transmits compensation amount information, the machine tool controller unit is connected with the programmable controller and transmits the compensation information, the programmable controller is connected with the workbench and transmits origin translation amount information, and the workbench realizes compensation through origin translation in the motion process.
Technical effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention reduces the processing error of parts and greatly improves the processing precision by the on-machine measurement and real-time compensation technology; therefore, the measurement efficiency is improved, and the prediction model of the surface obtained by actually processing the part can be accurately constructed by the neural network method.
Compared with the traditional method in which the machining error is regarded as the sum of the geometric error, the thermal error, the force error and the like, the machining error is regarded as a whole, the coupling effect among error factors and the complex decoupling process are not required to be considered, and the method is beneficial to more simply and efficiently compensating.
Compared with the traditional modes of G code modification, off-line compensation and the like, the method can more conveniently and quickly perform compensation by utilizing a real-time compensation technology, reduce processing errors and improve the precision of parts.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a measurement and compensation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the measurement and compensation method according to the embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: the device comprises a numerical control machine tool system 1, a trigger type measuring head 2, a processing workpiece 3, a transmission line 4 and a compensation controller 5;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the web in the embodiment;
in the figure: the surface A is a machining surface before compensation, and the surface B is a machining surface after compensation;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the effects of the embodiment;
in the figure: (a) schematic diagram of error before compensation of the web in the embodiment; (b) the error after web compensation is shown in the embodiment.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment relates to a method for measuring and compensating a machining error of a thin-walled part based on a trigger probe, which includes the following steps:
① processing engineering web plate, drawing a three-dimensional model of the web plate, as shown in fig. 3, selecting the center point of the upper surface of a workpiece as the origin of a coordinate system of the workpiece, generating a processing code by using a CAM module, importing the processing code into a numerical control machine, preparing an aluminum alloy blank with the size of 600 x 300 x 30, placing the blank on a worktable of the machine tool, establishing a coordinate system of the workpiece by setting a tool, and primarily processing the part by using the processing code.
②, collecting measuring point data, namely taking down the milling cutter, directly installing a Renysha RMP60 trigger type measuring head, measuring the surface A of the web plate after cutting the cutter in the Z direction, selecting 12 points in the x and y directions at equal intervals according to an equal distance method, wherein 12 points are equal to 144 measuring points in total, and the measuring head sequentially measures the points to obtain three-dimensional coordinate data S (x, y and Z) of 144 points in a workpiece coordinate system.
③ calculating machining error by calculating the surface estimated model of the part by using interpolation and neural network method to eliminate coarse error and known coordinate value S of the measured pointObtaining the actual processed coordinate value S of each point on the surface of the workpiece1. Recording the ideal coordinate value of each point on the surface of the workpiece as S2. Therefore, the processing error of the numerical control machine tool at any point in the measuring space can be obtained: e ═ S1-S2The error profile before compensation is shown in fig. 4 a.
④, error compensation is carried out, after the processing error of each point is obtained, the B surface of the web plate is processed, real-time data transmission is carried out through an external controller and a machine tool numerical control system, the error of the position is obtained according to the current position information of the machine tool, the machine tool moves reversely, namely, P '═ P-E, wherein P is the theoretical coordinate value of the tool in the generated processing code, P' is the coordinate value which should be actually reached after compensation, thereby achieving the compensation effect, improving the processing precision of the part, and the compensation effect is as shown in figure 4B.
Through specific practical experiments, machining is carried out on a certain machine tool, a flat-end milling cutter with the edge length of 40mm and the diameter of 10mm is used for cutting, the rotating speed of a main shaft is 3000rpm, the cutting depth is 3mm, the feeding speed is 250mm/min, and a Renysha RMP60 ruby measuring needle is used for measuring, so that the obtained experimental data are shown in figure 4, and specifically are as follows: ideal processing depth of web: -18 mm; the average depth of data measured before and after compensation processing is as follows: 18.0267mm, depth at maximum machining error: -18.093 mm; average depth after compensation: 17.9931mm, depth at maximum machining error: -18.045 mm; the overall error is reduced by 74.2%, and the maximum error is reduced by 51.6%.
Compared with the prior art, the method reduces clamping errors caused by secondary clamping, comprehensively considers geometric errors, force errors and the like, compensates according to the measured value instead of the prediction model, and is more accurate in compensation value.
The foregoing embodiments may be modified in many different ways by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a thin-wall part machining error measurement and compensation method based on trigger formula gauge head, its characterized in that selects the measuring point and calculates global machining error through the measured data that trigger formula gauge head actual measurement obtained when the required thin-wall part of initial processing, and follow-up adds the current position information of processing system according to the numerical control machine and the corresponding offset value that obtains according to global error and transmits for the numerical control machine system in real time in man-hour, realizes showing the reduction of part machining error.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the primary processing is: according to a three-dimensional model of a thin-wall part to be machined, establishing a workpiece coordinate system through a numerical control machine tool system tool setting tool, and primarily machining the part by using machining codes generated by the model, specifically: selecting a characteristic point at any position on a workpiece as the origin of a workpiece coordinate system according to a three-dimensional model of the thin-wall part to be machined, generating a machining code by using a CAM module in Solidworks software, and importing the machining code into a numerical control machine system; and placing the workpiece blank on a machine tool workbench, establishing a workpiece coordinate system by tool setting, and primarily processing the part by using the processing code.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said actual measurement is: comparing and analyzing the actual measurement coordinate value of the measurement point with the theoretical coordinate value of each point to obtain the actual machining error of each point of the part, wherein the actual machining error specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) replacing the trigger type measuring head under the condition of keeping the setting of the numerical control machine tool system unchanged, measuring the outer surface of the thin-wall part obtained by primary processing after the tool setting is carried out in the vertical direction, namely the Z direction, and sequentially measuring three-dimensional coordinate data S (x, y, Z) of each measuring point in the workpiece coordinate system through the trigger type measuring head.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the global machining error is obtained by removing a large error based on the measured coordinate values of the known measurement points, constructing an estimated model of the surface of the thin-walled part obtained by actual machining by using an interpolation method and a neural network method, and further obtaining the machining error E-S1-S2Wherein: s1To prepareEstimating the actual processed coordinate value of each point on the workpiece surface in the model, S2The ideal coordinate values of each point on the surface of the workpiece.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein said removing gross errors is: and calculating the standard deviation of the overall measurement value according to the Lauda criterion, and removing the point when the absolute value of the residual error of a certain measurement value is larger than the standard deviation, namely the measurement value has a coarse error.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein said constructing comprises: by using a tool box in Matlab software, firstly, interpolation functions are utilized to interpolate all measuring points to obtain a large amount of point data, and then, a neural network function is used for operation, so that the coordinate value of any point can be obtained.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compensation value is obtained from a global error to obtain a corresponding coordinate value P' ═ P-E that should be actually reached after compensation, wherein: p is the theoretical coordinate value of the tool in the generated machining code, and E is the machining error.
8. A compensation control system for carrying out the method of any preceding claim, comprising: a compensation computer unit, a machine tool controller unit, a programmable controller unit and a machine tool table unit, wherein: the compensation computer is connected with the machine tool controller and transmits compensation amount information, the machine tool controller unit is connected with the programmable controller and transmits the compensation information, the programmable controller is connected with the workbench and transmits origin translation amount information, and the workbench realizes compensation through origin translation in the motion process.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN112706406A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-27 | 湖南华曙高科技有限责任公司 | Processing method and device for rapid prototyping manufacturing model and computer equipment |
| CN113102882A (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2021-07-13 | 杭州景业智能科技股份有限公司 | Geometric error compensation model training method and geometric error compensation method |
| CN113547383A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-10-26 | 牧野机床（中国）有限公司 | Lens template processing method and lens template |
| CN114131426A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-03-04 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Weak-stiffness reflector processing method, system and medium based on rapid servo tool |
| CN114789363A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-07-26 | 上汽通用五菱汽车股份有限公司 | Compensation method and system for improving machining center precision and storage medium |
| CN116305668A (en) * | 2023-05-18 | 2023-06-23 | 贵州大学 | Full-type surface shape error control method for large-diameter sheet part |
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Application publication date: 20200410 |