CN104272953A - Feeding-type sorgo cultivating method - Google Patents
Feeding-type sorgo cultivating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104272953A CN104272953A CN201410547608.6A CN201410547608A CN104272953A CN 104272953 A CN104272953 A CN 104272953A CN 201410547608 A CN201410547608 A CN 201410547608A CN 104272953 A CN104272953 A CN 104272953A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a feeding-type sorgo cultivating method. The method includes land preparation and fertilizing, seeding at a proper period, cultivating form determining, field management, pest control, harvesting and the like. Actual conditions of land are combined, key technological links like scientific fertilizing, ridging and mulching, precision seeding, irrigation and disease, pest and weed control are quantified according to soil structure, dry farming and high-efficiency farmland water saving technologies are integrated, agricultural machinery and agricultural technology are organically combined, assembled and integrated, a comprehensive supporting system suitable for local sorgo production is formed, and reliable technological support is provided for high yield and stable yield of sorgo.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology field, relate to Chinese sorghum cultivation method, be specifically related to feeding type sugar grass cultivation method.
Background technology
Sugar grass (Sorghum bicolorL. Moench) also cry sorgo, sweet sorghum, sweet stalk and sugared Chinese sorghum, and be a mutation of grain sorghum, the same with common Chinese sorghum, per unit area yield also can reach 150 ~ 500 kg/667m
2, but its elite mainly be rich in sugar, per unit area yield can reach 4000 ~ 8000 kg/667m
2stem stalk.Feeding sugar grass has larger development potentiality, sugar grass is nutritious, various nutrient content is better than corn, and sugar content is higher than silage corn 2 times, and nitrogen free extract and coarse ash are higher than corn by 64.2% and 81.5% respectively, stem stalk is fresh and tender, good palatability, livestock is liked to eat, and biological yield is high, strong adaptability is excellent forage crop.And the vinasse after alcohol production by stalk can be made into dry feed, it is the biochemical feed of high-quality, due to a large amount of mycoproteins, amino acid, disease-resistant factor and the somatomedin that produce in fermentation process, not easily fall ill after livestock edible and grow fast, the concentrated feed of alternative 20% ~ 40%.
At present, in China's grain, nearly 33% is used as feed, wherein 72% of corn gross yield for feed, feeding sugar grass strong adaptability, there is drought resisting, waterlogging, Salt And Alkali Tolerance, the feature such as barren-resistant, area under cultivation is wide, the wasteland, grassland of China is wide, and available its is plant sweet sorghum, carry out grass and raise crop rotation, slow down the contradiction of the feed shortage of striving ground with grain.In all multipurposes of sugar grass, as food utilization, there is obvious advantage, both can do herbage and herd, can cradle again and do that green grass or young crops is raised, ensiling and hay.First be that external high yield record is 169005kg/hm because sugar grass biological yield is high
2, domestic high yield record output 157500kg/hm
2, general output 60,000 ~ 120,000 kg/hm
2, the biological yield of sugar grass is than Fodder corn volume increase 4.5 ten thousand ~ 60,000 kg/hm
2, also can gather in the crops 3000-6000 kg/hm
2seed, secondly, sugar grass is nutritious, and nitrogen free extract generally can reach 40% ~ 50%, crude protein content is 3% ~ 5%, crude fat is about 1%, raw fiber is about 30%, and the heat energy value (total energy) of sweet sorghum stalk powder is up to 1 186.8 kJ/kg, is 107% of corn, 114% of paddy, 123% of potato flour, various nutrient content is all better than corn, and sugar content is higher than Fodder corn 2 times.Again, sugar grass good palatability, not having bad smell, domestic animal eating, is the excellent forage grass of the animals such as ox, sheep, goose, rabbit, fish, effectively can improve the seed output and quality of meat, egg, milk, no matter sugar grass is used as green fodder, or be used as silage fodder, its effect is better than corn, in the Fodder corn used in current production, barley, clover, oat, sugar grass is come out top.Thirdly, the stem stalk recrement after producing ethanol is savory, easy to digest, nutrition is good, cattle and sheep are liked to eat.Therefore, it is the reliable and effective measure of developing animal husbandry that Devoting Major Efforts To Developing promotes sugar grass crop, has broad prospects.Meanwhile, sugar grass well developed root system, drought-enduring, be desirable water saving crop, at most of region suitable planting, to the herbvore poultry bearing capacity of raising, widely popularize main body production model significant.
Herbivorous stock raising is the traditional advantage industry of our province, is also the important breakthrough mouth promoting Agricultural Transformation spanning development.In recent years, Hexi prefecture facility farming and animal husbandry and local special fruit tree industry construction speed are constantly accelerated, facility agriculture-stock production region from outskirts of a town, well water irrigated area, level land expands to outer suburbs, river irrigated area and drought-hit area, mountain, the small towns (headquarter) of development facility farming and animal husbandry reaches 94, accounts for 98.9% of small towns (headquarter) sum.Along with the development of Sweet Sorghum Industry, large quantifier elimination report is carried out to culture technique both at home and abroad, mainly comprised following aspect: 1, planting density is on the impact of output.2, the impact on sugar grass is irrigated.3, apply fertilizer on the impact of sugar grass output.4, sowing time is on the impact of sugar grass.But above-mentioned links is closely bound up, each combined factors is not considered, main still cultivated intensely in soil in the past of the cultivation mode of existing sugar grass, use sufficient base fertilizer, ensure soil moisture content, begin sowing in good time, the general cropping pattern such as ensure that seedling is complete, early go to tiller, strengthen management, do not accomplish precisely operation and effective management mode is carried out to key link.Particularly the structural lack of water of Hexi Corridor Wuwei Prefecture, fertility are differed, planting density, the extermination of disease and insect pest, chemical weed control etc. do not have unified standard, and scientific quantification operation can not be carried out to the feeding sugar grass of establishing in large scale, affect output, affect the healthy and rapid development of Sweet Sorghum Industry.
Summary of the invention
During the present invention type sugar grass feeding in order to the plantation that solves traditional mode, precisely operation can not be quantized to key link, it not carried out to the management of science, affect the problem of output, provide the cultivation method of a kind of feeding type sugar grass.
A cultivation method for feeding type sugar grass, specifically comprises the following steps
A) wholely with fertilising
Intensive cultivation is carefully harrowed, and makes Land leveling, without stalk foreign material, then applies fertilizer, and mu executes farmyard manure 4000 ~ 5000kg, the pure N 7 ~ 9kg of chemical fertilizer, P
2o
56 ~ 8kg.Turn over after fertilising, harrow carefully, clay fertilizer is mixed, the soil moisture conservation of rake pressure; The pure N 7 ~ 9kg 15 ~ 20kg urea of described chemical fertilizer substitutes, described P
2o
56 ~ 8kg, 40 ~ 50kg superphosphate substitutes; Or mu pure N 7 ~ 9kg and P to fertilize
2o
56 ~ 8kg, 40 ~ 50 kg nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers;
B) proper seeding
When April 10 ~ 20, topsoil temperature reached 10 ~ 15 DEG C, sow in irrigated agricultural area and Dryland;
C) planting form
According to local natural conditions and the level of production, adopt following mode cultivation:
Full film two ridge furrow irrigation cultivation: convenient in irrigation, but the area that rainfall is few, use fabric width 120cm, thickness 0.008mm mulch film, large row spacing 75 ~ 80cm, little row spacing 35 ~ 40cm, the high 9 ~ 12cm in ridge, cave distance 15 ~ 17cm, number 7400 ~ 8000 cave, mu cave;
Full film conventional flat planting: in structural water-deficient area, selects fabric width 140cm, thickness 0.008mm mulch film, adopts the line-spacing plantations such as 40cm, every width mulching film planting 4 row, cave distance 20 ~ 22cm, number 7500 ~ 8000 cave, mu cave, and carries out under-film drip irrigation during plantation;
Open country conventional flat planting: the plentiful or area easily of pouring water at precipitation, adopts the line-spacing plantations such as 50cm, cave distance 18 ~ 20cm, number 7400 ~ 7800 cave, mu cave;
Above-mentioned cultivation all adopts the artificial hill-drop planter of single file or dibbler precision drilling, 2 ~ 3, every cave seed, sowing depth 2.5 ~ 3.0cm, the mu amount of broadcasting 0.8 ~ 1.0kg;
D) field management
thinning in early stage, final singling: work as seed sprouting, carry out thinning final singling during slice leaf of growth of seedling to 3 ~ 5, remove disease, little, weak seedling, and retain strong sprout, stay seedling evenly to accomplish equidistant final singling, thinning final singling completes for 1 time;
mid-term pours water, impose: 6 ~ 7 leaf phases before sugar grass jointing, impose urea 15 ~ 20kg in conjunction with pouring water every mu, irrigates to heading stage at jointing according to precipitation event and plant growing way;
later stage pours water, weeding: pour water in time, carries out foliar application, pulling out large grass mid-August 1 ~ 2 time, in conjunction with pulling out large grass, carrying out sugar grass bottoming leaf, remove bottom cured leaf and Huang Ye;
E) pest control
With 7.5% Lv Fu ﹒ Imidacloprid 450 ~ 525g/hm
2or 50% Aphox 150 ~ 300g/hm
2be watered 450 ~ 675kg respectively and spraying control aphid damage is carried out to plant; With 2.5% decis or 20% killing logvalue 300 ~ 450ml/hm
2carry out the harm of spraying control snout moth's larva; When snout moth's larva enters and causes harm in sorgo stalk, spread fertilizer over the fields 3% carbofuran Granules 35-45kg/hm at sugar grass lobus cardiacus place
2.
F) gather in the crops
Sugar grass grows into 20 ~ 22 leaves, gathers in when plant height reaches 2.3 ~ 2.7m.
Preferably, before whole ground with 50% isopropyl grass green bristlegrass 3000 ~ 3750ml/hm
2add water and evenly spray in soil table, then harrow smooth, the plastic film mulch of a kind of farm tools, interval is sowed after 10 ~ 15 days again.
Preferably, described pest control, after sugar grass heading, snout moth's larva is caused harm to fringe portion, is watered 450 ~ 675kg carries out spraying control to plant with 7.5% Lv Fu ﹒ Imidacloprid 450 ~ 525g.Snout moth's larva spawning period 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 50ml is watered 20kg, and every strain 10ml fills with the heart.Sugar grass Post flowering, with 2.5% decis 300 ~ 450ml/hm
21200 times of liquid spray to be prevented and treated in fringe portion.
Preferably, when results are used as ensiling, gather in special ensiling forage harvester.
Preferably, toothing high 15 ~ 20cm during harvesting, and field cauline leaf, stalk are cleaned out, impose chemical fertilizer, thread furrow irrigation, harvesting regrowth hair in time growing to 1.5 ~ 2.2m.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention is in conjunction with multidisciplinary technology such as soil actual conditions foundation soil structure, fertilizer, plant protection; to the ridging overlay film of Chinese sorghum, apply fertilizers scientifically, precision drilling, pour water in good time, the key technique such as disease pest and weed control quantizes; integrate dry farming, efficient farmland water-saving technology; agricultural machinery, agronomy organically combine; and carry out assembling, integrated; form suitable local sweet sorghum production On Comprehensive Technique system, improve sugar grass output.Different mode cultivation is adopted according to soil structure, effectively utilize arable area, precision drilling, high-efficiency water-saving, according to different situations apply fertilizers scientifically, scientific prevention and cure insect pest, sugar grass stable yields is guaranteed, effectively promote the healthy and rapid development of grassland industry, improve herbvore poultry bearing capacity, drive the development of facility cultivation industry, promotion herbivorous stock raising develops, increase farmers' income, ensure ecological safety, create significant economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits, for sugar grass high yield, stable yields provide reliable technical support.
Embodiment
embodiment 1
Higher at mechanization degree, irrigation conditions is better but rainfall is little area should adopt the two ridge furrow irrigation cultivation of full film: intensive cultivation is carefully harrowed, accomplish Land leveling, without stalk foreign material, then use sufficient base fertilizer, mu executes farmyard manure 4000kg, urea 15 kg, superphosphate 40 kg, will turn over after basal dressing, harrow carefully, clay fertilizer is mixed, the soil moisture conservation of rake pressure.The artificial hill-drop planter of single file or dibbler is adopted to sow when topsoil temperature reaches more than 10 DEG C in mid-April, 2, every cave seed, sowing depth 2.5cm, the mu amount of broadcasting 30000, large row spacing 75cm, little row spacing 35cm, ridge height 9cm, cave distance 15cm, number 7400 cave, mu cave, select fabric width 120cm, thickness 0.008mm mulch film overlay film, when adopting artificial plastic film mulch, open the shallow ridges that 5cm is dark along sideline, after mulch film launches, keep to the side line while in shallow ridges, real by soil pressure; Another side, in the middle of large ridge, along mulch film every about 1 meter, is fixed with spade original place of fetching earth from film limit, and every 2 meters of horizontal firming waistbands.After having covered the first width film, dock the second width film in the middle of large ridge with the first width film, film and film are not overlapping, compacting of fetching earth from next side, great Long ridge, the like spread complete field.Mulch film to be stretched during overlay film and pave, after fetching earth from face, ridge, should flatten immediately.When adopting do mechanization operation, ridging, plastic film mulch once complete.Carry out thinning final singling when seedling 3 ~ 4 leaves to complete for 1 time, remove disease, little, weak seedling, retain strong sprout, equidistant final singling, stays seedling even.Grow period the most vigorous after sugar grass jointing, also maximum to the demand of nutrient, as rich water deficiency can cause plant nutrition bad.6 ~ 7 leaf phases before jointing. every mu imposes urea 15kg.At jointing to heading stage as arid, should irrigate in time.Now should pour water in time at heading stage, have larger greenery area to keep the later stage.For meeting the demand of sorghum saccharatum late growing stage to nutrient, foliar application be carried out, to improve plant sugar, promoting precocious, increasing grain weight.Or spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, superphosphate, growth promotor for crop etc.Mid-August, pull out large grass 1 ~ 2 time, accomplish not cut strain, do not hinder root.In conjunction with pulling out large grass, carrying out sugar grass bottoming leaf, removing bottom cured leaf and Huang Ye, making its ventilation and penetrating light, promote precocious, increase sugar grass Grain Ripening degree.Feeding type sugar grass booting to heading stage Nutrient matter and plant nutrition accumulation reach maximum, be suitable harvest time.First planting sugar grass grows into 20 ~ 22 leaves, can gather in when plant height reaches 2.3 ~ 2.7m, need gather in, stubble height 15 ~ 20cm if be used as ensiling with special ensiling forage harvester.After first planting harvesting, clean sugar grass is not cut to machinery and manually cuts off, and field cauline leaf, stalk are cleaned out.And impose urea mu and execute 10kg, pour water immediately, when pouring water, thread furrow irrigation, can not basin irrigation Chinese sorghum, in time growing to 1.5 ~ 2.2m, gather in regrowth hair.
embodiment 2
Higher at mechanization degree, irrigation conditions is better but rainfall is little area should adopt the two ridge furrow irrigation cultivation of full film: select 50% isopropyl grass its main component propisochlor 22% of green bristlegrass and atrazine 28%, add water 30kg, 250ml/ mu sprays in soil table, then a kind of farm tools is harrowed smooth, interval is after 10 ~ 15 days, and intensive cultivation is carefully harrowed, and accomplishes Land leveling, without stalk foreign material, then use sufficient base fertilizer, mu executes farmyard manure 4500kg, the pure N7kg of chemical fertilizer, superphosphate 50 kg, to turn over after basal dressing, harrow carefully, clay fertilizer is mixed, the soil moisture conservation of rake pressure.The artificial hill-drop planter of single file or dibbler is adopted to sow when topsoil temperature reaches more than 10 DEG C in mid-April, 3, every cave seed, sowing depth 3.0cm, the mu amount of broadcasting 30000, large row spacing 80cm, little row spacing 40cm, ridge height 12cm, cave distance 17cm, number 8000 cave, mu cave, select fabric width 120cm, thickness 0.008mm mulch film overlay film, when adopting artificial plastic film mulch, open the shallow ridges that 5cm is dark along sideline, after mulch film launches, keep to the side line while in shallow ridges, real by soil pressure; Another side, in the middle of large ridge, along mulch film every about 1 meter, is fixed with spade original place of fetching earth from film limit, and every 3 meters of horizontal firming waistbands.After having covered the first width film, dock the second width film in the middle of large ridge with the first width film, film and film are not overlapping, compacting of fetching earth from next side, great Long ridge, the like spread complete field.Mulch film to be stretched during overlay film and pave, after fetching earth from face, ridge, should flatten immediately.When adopting do mechanization operation, ridging, plastic film mulch once complete.Carry out thinning final singling when seedling 3 ~ 4 leaves to complete for 1 time, remove disease, little, weak seedling, retain strong sprout, equidistant final singling, stays seedling even.Grow period the most vigorous after sugar grass jointing, also maximum to the demand of nutrient, as rich water deficiency can cause plant nutrition bad.6 ~ 7 leaf phases before jointing. every mu imposes urea 15kg.At jointing to heading stage as arid, should irrigate in time.Now should pour water in time at heading stage, have larger greenery area to keep the later stage.For meeting the demand of sorghum saccharatum late growing stage to nutrient, foliar application be carried out, to improve plant sugar, promoting precocious, increasing grain weight.Or spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, superphosphate, growth promotor for crop etc.Mid-August, pull out large grass 1 ~ 2 time, accomplish not cut strain, do not hinder root.In conjunction with pulling out large grass, carrying out sugar grass bottoming leaf, removing bottom cured leaf and Huang Ye, making its ventilation and penetrating light, promote precocious, increase sugar grass Grain Ripening degree.Feeding type sugar grass booting to heading stage Nutrient matter and plant nutrition accumulation reach maximum, be suitable harvest time.First planting sugar grass grows into 20 ~ 22 leaves, can gather in when plant height reaches 2.3 ~ 2.7m, need gather in, stubble height 15 ~ 20cm if be used as ensiling with special ensiling forage harvester.After first planting harvesting, clean sugar grass is not cut to machinery and manually cuts off, and field cauline leaf, stalk are cleaned out.And impose urea mu and execute 15kg, pour water immediately, when pouring water, thread furrow irrigation, can not basin irrigation Chinese sorghum, in time growing to 1.5 ~ 2.2m, gather in regrowth hair.
embodiment 3
Higher at mechanization degree, irrigation conditions is better but rainfall is little area should adopt the two ridge furrow irrigation cultivation of full film: intensive cultivation is carefully harrowed, and accomplishes Land leveling, without stalk foreign material, then uses sufficient base fertilizer, and mu executes farmyard manure 5000kg, chemical fertilizer pure N7kg, P
2o
58kg, will turn over after basal dressing, harrow carefully, clay fertilizer is mixed, the soil moisture conservation of rake pressure.The artificial hill-drop planter of single file or dibbler is adopted to sow when topsoil temperature reaches more than 10 DEG C in mid-April, 2, every cave seed, sowing depth 3.0cm, the mu amount of broadcasting 30000, large row spacing 80cm, little row spacing 35cm, ridge height 12cm, cave distance 16cm, number 7600 cave, mu cave, select fabric width 120cm, thickness 0.008mm mulch film overlay film, when adopting artificial plastic film mulch, open the shallow ridges that 5cm is dark along sideline, after mulch film launches, keep to the side line while in shallow ridges, real by soil pressure; Another side, in the middle of large ridge, along mulch film every about 1 meter, is fixed with spade original place of fetching earth from film limit, and every 2.5 meters of horizontal firming waistbands.After having covered the first width film, dock the second width film in the middle of large ridge with the first width film, film and film are not overlapping, compacting of fetching earth from next side, great Long ridge, the like spread complete field.Mulch film to be stretched during overlay film and pave, after fetching earth from face, ridge, should flatten immediately.When adopting do mechanization operation, ridging, plastic film mulch once complete.Carry out thinning final singling when seedling 3 ~ 4 leaves to complete for 1 time, remove disease, little, weak seedling, retain strong sprout, equidistant final singling, stays seedling even.Grow period the most vigorous after sugar grass jointing, also maximum to the demand of nutrient, as rich water deficiency can cause plant nutrition bad.6 ~ 7 leaf phases before jointing. every mu imposes urea 15kg.At jointing to heading stage as arid, should irrigate in time.Now should pour water in time at heading stage, have larger greenery area to keep the later stage.For meeting the demand of sorghum saccharatum late growing stage to nutrient, foliar application be carried out, to improve plant sugar, promoting precocious, increasing grain weight.Or spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, superphosphate, growth promotor for crop etc.Mid-August, pull out large grass 1 ~ 2 time, accomplish not cut strain, do not hinder root.In conjunction with pulling out large grass, carrying out sugar grass bottoming leaf, removing bottom cured leaf and Huang Ye, making its ventilation and penetrating light, promote precocious, increase sugar grass Grain Ripening degree.Feeding type sugar grass booting to heading stage Nutrient matter and plant nutrition accumulation reach maximum, be suitable harvest time.First planting sugar grass grows into 20 ~ 22 leaves, can gather in when plant height reaches 2.3 ~ 2.7m, need gather in, stubble height 15 ~ 20cm if be used as ensiling with special ensiling forage harvester.After first planting harvesting, clean sugar grass is not cut to machinery and manually cuts off, and field cauline leaf, stalk are cleaned out.And impose urea mu and execute 10kg, pour water immediately, when pouring water, thread furrow irrigation, can not basin irrigation Chinese sorghum, in time growing to 1.5 ~ 2.2m, gather in regrowth hair.
embodiment 4
Full film conventional flat planting should be adopted in structural water-deficient area: intensive cultivation is carefully harrowed, and accomplishes Land leveling, without stalk foreign material, then use sufficient base fertilizer, mu executes farmyard manure 4000kg, the pure N9kg of chemical fertilizer, superphosphate 40 kg, to turn over after basal dressing, harrow carefully, clay fertilizer is mixed, the soil moisture conservation of rake pressure.The artificial hill-drop planter of single file or dibbler is adopted to sow when topsoil temperature reaches more than 10 DEG C in mid-April, 2, every cave seed, sowing depth 2.5cm, the mu amount of broadcasting 30000.Full film conventional flat planting, selects fabric width 140cm, thickness 0.008 millimeter of mulch film, adopts the line-spacing plantations such as 40cm.Every width mulching film planting 4 row, cave distance 20cm, number 7500 cave, mu cave.Coordinate under-film drip irrigation not only can economize on water but also can artificial plastic film mulch.Carry out thinning final singling when seedling 3 ~ 4 leaves to complete for 1 time, remove disease, little, weak seedling, retain strong sprout, equidistant final singling, stays seedling even.Grow period the most vigorous after sugar grass jointing, also maximum to the demand of nutrient, as rich water deficiency can cause plant nutrition bad.6 ~ 7 leaf phases before jointing. every mu imposes urea 15kg.At jointing to heading stage as arid, should irrigate in time.Now should pour water in time at heading stage, have larger greenery area to keep the later stage.For meeting the demand of sorghum saccharatum late growing stage to nutrient, foliar application be carried out, to improve plant sugar, promoting precocious, increasing grain weight.Or spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, superphosphate, growth promotor for crop etc.Mid-August, pull out large grass 1 ~ 2 time, accomplish not cut strain, do not hinder root.In conjunction with pulling out large grass, carrying out sugar grass bottoming leaf, removing bottom cured leaf and Huang Ye, making its ventilation and penetrating light, promote precocious, increase sugar grass Grain Ripening degree.Feeding type sugar grass booting to heading stage Nutrient matter and plant nutrition accumulation reach maximum, be suitable harvest time.First planting sugar grass grows into 20 ~ 22 leaves, can gather in when plant height reaches 2.3 ~ 2.7m, need gather in, stubble height 20cm if be used as ensiling with special ensiling forage harvester.After first planting harvesting, clean sugar grass is not cut to machinery and manually cuts off, and field cauline leaf, stalk are cleaned out.And impose urea 10kg, pour water immediately, when pouring water, thread furrow irrigation, can not basin irrigation Chinese sorghum, in time growing to 1.5 ~ 2.2m, gather in regrowth hair.
embodiment 5
Full film conventional flat planting should be adopted: select 50% isopropyl grass its main component propisochlor 22% of green bristlegrass and atrazine 28%, 45kg, the 200ml/ mu that adds water sprays in soil table in structural water-deficient area, then harrow a kind of farm tools smooth, interval is after 10 ~ 15 days, and intensive cultivation is carefully harrowed, accomplish Land leveling, without stalk foreign material, then use sufficient base fertilizer, mu executes farmyard manure 4500kg, 50 kg nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, to turn over after basal dressing, harrow carefully, clay fertilizer is mixed, the soil moisture conservation of rake pressure.The artificial hill-drop planter of single file or dibbler is adopted to sow when topsoil temperature reaches more than 10 DEG C in mid-April, 3, every cave seed, sowing depth 3.0cm, the mu amount of broadcasting 30000.Full film conventional flat planting, selects fabric width 140cm, thickness 0.008 millimeter of mulch film, adopts the line-spacing plantations such as 40cm.Every width mulching film planting 4 row, cave distance 22cm, number 8000 cave, mu cave.Coordinate under-film drip irrigation not only can economize on water but also can artificial plastic film mulch.Carry out thinning final singling when seedling 3 ~ 4 leaves to complete for 1 time, remove disease, little, weak seedling, retain strong sprout, equidistant final singling, stays seedling even.Grow period the most vigorous after sugar grass jointing, also maximum to the demand of nutrient, as rich water deficiency can cause plant nutrition bad.6 ~ 7 leaf phases before jointing. every mu imposes urea 15kg.At jointing to heading stage as arid, should irrigate in time.Now should pour water in time at heading stage, have larger greenery area to keep the later stage.For meeting the demand of sorghum saccharatum late growing stage to nutrient, foliar application be carried out, to improve plant sugar, promoting precocious, increasing grain weight.Or spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, superphosphate, growth promotor for crop etc.Mid-August, pull out large grass 1 ~ 2 time, accomplish not cut strain, do not hinder root.In conjunction with pulling out large grass, carrying out sugar grass bottoming leaf, removing bottom cured leaf and Huang Ye, making its ventilation and penetrating light, promote precocious, increase sugar grass Grain Ripening degree.Feeding type sugar grass booting to heading stage Nutrient matter and plant nutrition accumulation reach maximum, be suitable harvest time.First planting sugar grass grows into 20 ~ 22 leaves, can gather in when plant height reaches 2.3 ~ 2.7m, need gather in, stubble height 15cm if be used as ensiling with special ensiling forage harvester.After first planting harvesting, clean sugar grass is not cut to machinery and manually cuts off, and field cauline leaf, stalk are cleaned out.And impose urea 15kg, pour water immediately, when pouring water, thread furrow irrigation, can not basin irrigation Chinese sorghum, in time growing to 1.5 ~ 2.2m, gather in regrowth hair.
embodiment 6
Full film conventional flat planting should be adopted in structural water-deficient area: intensive cultivation is carefully harrowed, and accomplishes Land leveling, without stalk foreign material, then use sufficient base fertilizer, mu executes farmyard manure 5000kg, urea 20kg, superphosphate 40 kg, to turn over after basal dressing, harrow carefully, clay fertilizer is mixed, the soil moisture conservation of rake pressure.The artificial hill-drop planter of single file or dibbler is adopted to sow when topsoil temperature reaches more than 10 DEG C in mid-April, 2, every cave seed, sowing depth 3.0cm, the mu amount of broadcasting 30000.Full film conventional flat planting, selects fabric width 140cm, thickness 0.008 millimeter of mulch film, adopts the line-spacing plantations such as 40cm.Every width mulching film planting 4 row, cave distance 21cm, number 7600 cave, mu cave.Coordinate under-film drip irrigation not only can economize on water but also can artificial plastic film mulch.Carry out thinning final singling when seedling 3 ~ 4 leaves to complete for 1 time, remove disease, little, weak seedling, retain strong sprout, equidistant final singling, stays seedling even.Grow period the most vigorous after sugar grass jointing, also maximum to the demand of nutrient, as rich water deficiency can cause plant nutrition bad.6 ~ 7 leaf phases before jointing. every mu imposes urea 15kg.At jointing to heading stage as arid, should irrigate in time.Now should pour water in time at heading stage, have larger greenery area to keep the later stage.For meeting the demand of sorghum saccharatum late growing stage to nutrient, foliar application be carried out, to improve plant sugar, promoting precocious, increasing grain weight.Or spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, superphosphate, growth promotor for crop etc.Mid-August, pull out large grass 1 ~ 2 time, accomplish not cut strain, do not hinder root.In conjunction with pulling out large grass, carrying out sugar grass bottoming leaf, removing bottom cured leaf and Huang Ye, making its ventilation and penetrating light, promote precocious, increase sugar grass Grain Ripening degree.Feeding type sugar grass booting to heading stage Nutrient matter and plant nutrition accumulation reach maximum, be suitable harvest time.First planting sugar grass grows into 20 ~ 22 leaves, can gather in when plant height reaches 2.3 ~ 2.7m, need gather in, stubble height 16cm if be used as ensiling with special ensiling forage harvester.After first planting harvesting, clean sugar grass is not cut to machinery and manually cuts off, and field cauline leaf, stalk are cleaned out.And impose urea 10kg, pour water immediately, when pouring water, thread furrow irrigation, can not basin irrigation Chinese sorghum, in time growing to 1.5 ~ 2.2m, gather in regrowth hair.
embodiment 7
At precipitation, plentiful or irrigation condition better but the area that economy comparatively falls behind should adopt open country conventional flat planting: intensive cultivation is carefully harrowed, and accomplishes Land leveling, without stalk foreign material, then uses sufficient base fertilizer, and mu executes farmyard manure 5000kg, urea 20kg, P
2o
58kg, will turn over after basal dressing, harrow carefully, clay fertilizer is mixed, the soil moisture conservation of rake pressure.The artificial hill-drop planter of single file or dibbler is adopted to sow when topsoil temperature reaches more than 10 DEG C in mid-April, 2, every cave seed, sowing depth 2.5cm, the mu amount of broadcasting 30000.Full film conventional flat planting, selects fabric width 140cm, thickness 0.008 millimeter of mulch film, adopts the line-spacing plantations such as 40cm.Every width mulching film planting 4 row, cave distance 20cm, number 7500 cave, mu cave.Coordinate under-film drip irrigation not only can economize on water but also can artificial plastic film mulch.Carry out thinning final singling when seedling 3 ~ 4 leaves to complete for 1 time, remove disease, little, weak seedling, retain strong sprout, equidistant final singling, stays seedling even.Grow period the most vigorous after sugar grass jointing, also maximum to the demand of nutrient, as rich water deficiency can cause plant nutrition bad.6 ~ 7 leaf phases before jointing. impose 1 ~ 2 time, every mu imposes urea 15kg at every turn.At jointing to heading stage as arid, should irrigate in time.Now should pour water in time at heading stage, have larger greenery area to keep the later stage.For meeting the demand of sorghum saccharatum late growing stage to nutrient, foliar application be carried out, to improve plant sugar, promoting precocious, increasing grain weight.Or spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, superphosphate, growth promotor for crop etc.Mid-August, pull out large grass 1 ~ 2 time, accomplish not cut strain, do not hinder root.In conjunction with pulling out large grass, carrying out sugar grass bottoming leaf, removing bottom cured leaf and Huang Ye, making its ventilation and penetrating light, promote precocious, increase sugar grass Grain Ripening degree.Feeding type sugar grass booting to heading stage Nutrient matter and plant nutrition accumulation reach maximum, be suitable harvest time.First planting sugar grass grows into 20 ~ 22 leaves, plant height can gather in when reaching 2.3 ~ 2.7m, if be used as ensiling to gather in special ensiling forage harvester, stubble height 15cm, after first planting harvesting, do not cut clean sugar grass to machinery manually to cut off, and field cauline leaf, stalk are cleaned out.And impose urea 10kg, pour water immediately, when pouring water, thread furrow irrigation, can not basin irrigation Chinese sorghum, in time growing to 1.5 ~ 2.2m, gather in regrowth hair.
embodiment 8
At precipitation, plentiful or irrigation condition better but the area that economy comparatively falls behind should adopt open country conventional flat planting: select 50% isopropyl grass its main component propisochlor 22% of green bristlegrass and atrazine 28%, add water 40kg, 220ml/ mu sprays in soil table, and then rake a kind of farm tools is smooth, and interval is after 10 ~ 15 days, intensive cultivation is carefully harrowed, accomplish Land leveling, without stalk foreign material, then use sufficient base fertilizer, mu executes farmyard manure 4500kg, chemical fertilizer pure N 9kg, P
2o
56kg, will turn over after basal dressing, harrow carefully, clay fertilizer is mixed, the soil moisture conservation of rake pressure.The artificial hill-drop planter of single file or dibbler is adopted to sow when topsoil temperature reaches more than 10 DEG C in mid-April, 3, every cave seed, sowing depth 3.0cm, the mu amount of broadcasting 30000.Full film conventional flat planting, selects fabric width 140cm, thickness 0.008 millimeter of mulch film, adopts the line-spacing plantations such as 40cm.Every width mulching film planting 4 row, cave distance 22cm, number 8000 cave, mu cave.Coordinate under-film drip irrigation not only can economize on water but also can artificial plastic film mulch.Carry out thinning final singling when seedling 3 ~ 4 leaves to complete for 1 time, remove disease, little, weak seedling, retain strong sprout, equidistant final singling, stays seedling even.Grow period the most vigorous after sugar grass jointing, also maximum to the demand of nutrient, as rich water deficiency can cause plant nutrition bad.6 ~ 7 leaf phases before jointing. impose 1 ~ 2 time, every mu imposes urea 15kg at every turn.At jointing to heading stage as arid, should irrigate in time.Now should pour water in time at heading stage, have larger greenery area to keep the later stage.For meeting the demand of sorghum saccharatum late growing stage to nutrient, foliar application be carried out, to improve plant sugar, promoting precocious, increasing grain weight.Or spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, superphosphate, growth promotor for crop etc.Mid-August, pull out large grass 1 ~ 2 time, accomplish not cut strain, do not hinder root.In conjunction with pulling out large grass, carrying out sugar grass bottoming leaf, removing bottom cured leaf and Huang Ye, making its ventilation and penetrating light, promote precocious, increase sugar grass Grain Ripening degree.Feeding type sugar grass booting to heading stage Nutrient matter and plant nutrition accumulation reach maximum, be suitable harvest time.First planting sugar grass grows into 20 ~ 22 leaves, plant height can gather in when reaching 2.3 ~ 2.7m, if be used as ensiling to gather in special ensiling forage harvester, stubble height 20cm, after first planting harvesting, do not cut clean sugar grass to machinery manually to cut off, and field cauline leaf, stalk are cleaned out.And impose urea 10kg, pour water immediately, when pouring water, thread furrow irrigation, can not basin irrigation Chinese sorghum, in time growing to 1.5 ~ 2.2m, gather in regrowth hair.
embodiment 9
At precipitation, plentiful or irrigation condition better but the area that economy comparatively falls behind should adopt open country conventional flat planting: intensive cultivation is carefully harrowed, accomplish Land leveling, without stalk foreign material, then base fertilizer is used sufficient, mu executes farmyard manure 4000kg, 45 kg nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, will turn over, harrows carefully after basal dressing, clay fertilizer is mixed, the soil moisture conservation of rake pressure.The artificial hill-drop planter of single file or dibbler is adopted to sow when topsoil temperature reaches more than 10 DEG C in mid-April, 3, every cave seed, sowing depth 2.5cm, the mu amount of broadcasting 30000.Full film conventional flat planting, selects fabric width 140cm, thickness 0.008 millimeter of mulch film, adopts the line-spacing plantations such as 40cm.Every width mulching film planting 4 row, cave distance 21cm, number 7600 cave, mu cave.Coordinate under-film drip irrigation not only can economize on water but also can artificial plastic film mulch.Carry out thinning final singling when seedling 3 ~ 4 leaves to complete for 1 time, remove disease, little, weak seedling, retain strong sprout, equidistant final singling, stays seedling even.Grow period the most vigorous after sugar grass jointing, also maximum to the demand of nutrient, as rich water deficiency can cause plant nutrition bad.6 ~ 7 leaf phases before jointing. impose 1 ~ 2 time, every mu imposes urea 15kg at every turn.At jointing to heading stage as arid, should irrigate in time.Now should pour water in time at heading stage, have larger greenery area to keep the later stage.For meeting the demand of sorghum saccharatum late growing stage to nutrient, foliar application be carried out, to improve plant sugar, promoting precocious, increasing grain weight.Or spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, superphosphate, growth promotor for crop etc.Mid-August, pull out large grass 1 ~ 2 time, accomplish not cut strain, do not hinder root.In conjunction with pulling out large grass, carrying out sugar grass bottoming leaf, removing bottom cured leaf and Huang Ye, making its ventilation and penetrating light, promote precocious, increase sugar grass Grain Ripening degree.Feeding type sugar grass booting to heading stage Nutrient matter and plant nutrition accumulation reach maximum, be suitable harvest time.First planting sugar grass grows into 20 ~ 22 leaves, plant height can gather in when reaching 2.3 ~ 2.7m, if be used as ensiling to gather in special ensiling forage harvester, stubble height 18cm, after first planting harvesting, do not cut clean sugar grass to machinery manually to cut off, and field cauline leaf, stalk are cleaned out.And impose urea 10kg, pour water immediately, when pouring water, thread furrow irrigation, can not basin irrigation Chinese sorghum, in time growing to 1.5 ~ 2.2m, gather in regrowth hair.
Harden in case of precipitation is formed before emerging after sugar grass is broadcast in any embodiment described above, be unfavorable for coming up, should abolish in time and harden.
After sugar grass emerges, want timely thinning, final singling in any embodiment described above, go weakly to stay strong, cultivate healthy and strong colony.Also can the thinning when 3 ~ 4 leaf phase, pull out weak seedling, retain strong sprout, 5 ~ 6 leaf phase final singlings, and look into seedling in time and fill the gaps with seedlings.To remove early in seedling stage to the shooting stage and tiller, repeatedly should pull out and tiller, reduce nutrient consumption, promote individual plant robust growth.
According to state of cultivation in any embodiment described above, select to carry out first time ridging in conjunction with final singling when 4 ~ 6 leaf phases; Combine to topdress when plant grows to 70cm height and earth up greatly, earth up in plants stems base portion.Ridging height 20 ~ 5 cm, are conducive to aerial root growth, improve lodging tolerance.
In order to obtain high yield in any embodiment described above, can pour water according to local climate condition and the stage of development of the plant in good time.Seedling stage generally need not irrigate, and after jointing, according to precipitation event and plant growing way, should pour water the time of infertility 3 ~ 4 times.Head water, at after planting about 60d, carrying out in conjunction with topdressing, pouring water respectively at shooting stage, heading stage later.Low-lying ponding to be prevented when pouring water, will Changes in weather be noted especially, be strictly on guard against lodging.If water dilutional hyponatremia, easily cause plant tall and big, root soil wets soft, can lodge when meeting strong wind.
May occur in a large number the time aphid that high temperature and drought is short of rain in any embodiment described above.Mid or late July, when finding Chinese sorghum aphid damage, uses 7.5% chlorine fluorine ﹒ Imidacloprid 450 ~ 525g/hm
2; Or per hectare execute 50% Aphox wetting powder 150 ~ 300 g to water 450 ~ 750 kg in the emergence period to plant carry out spraying control.When finding that there is snout moth's larva harm lobus cardiacus, 2.5% decis or 20% killing logvalue, 5000 ~ 8000 times of liquid are sprayed; Cause harm if snout moth's larva has entered in sorgo stalk, spread fertilizer over the fields 3% carbofuran Granules 35-45kg/hm at lobus cardiacus place
2except insect pest; When after sugar grass heading, when snout moth's larva is caused harm to fringe portion, be watered 450 ~ 675kg with 7.5% Lv Fu ﹒ Imidacloprid 450 ~ 525g and spraying is carried out to plant spray.Snout moth's larva spawning period is with 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 50ml to water 20kg, and every strain 10ml fills with the heart.
Claims (10)
1. a cultivation method for feeding type sugar grass, is characterized in that: specifically comprise the following steps
A) wholely with fertilising
Intensive cultivation is carefully harrowed, and makes Land leveling, without stalk foreign material, then applies fertilizer, and mu executes farmyard manure 4000 ~ 5000kg, the pure N 7 ~ 9kg of chemical fertilizer, P
2o
56 ~ 8kg.
2. turn over after fertilising, harrow carefully, clay fertilizer is mixed, the soil moisture conservation of rake pressure;
B) proper seeding
When April 10 ~ 20, topsoil temperature reached 10 ~ 15 DEG C, sow in irrigated agricultural area and Dryland;
C) planting form
Convenient in irrigation, but the area that rainfall is few, use fabric width 120cm, thickness 0.008mm mulch film, large row spacing 75 ~ 80cm, little row spacing 35 ~ 40cm, the high 9 ~ 12cm in ridge, cave distance 15 ~ 17cm, number 7400 ~ 8000 cave, mu cave; Adopt the artificial hill-drop planter of single file or dibbler precision drilling, 2 ~ 3, every cave seed, sowing depth 2.5 ~ 3.0cm, the mu amount of broadcasting 0.8 ~ 1.0kg;
D) field management
thinning in early stage, final singling: work as seed sprouting, carry out thinning final singling during slice leaf of growth of seedling to 3 ~ 5, remove disease, little, weak seedling, and retain strong sprout, stay seedling evenly to accomplish equidistant final singling, thinning final singling completes for 1 time;
mid-term pours water, impose: 6 ~ 7 leaf phases before sugar grass jointing, impose urea 15 ~ 20kg in conjunction with pouring water every mu, irrigates to heading stage at jointing according to precipitation event and plant growing way;
later stage pours water, weeding: pour water in time, carries out foliar application, pulling out large grass mid-August 1 ~ 2 time, in conjunction with pulling out large grass, carrying out sugar grass bottoming leaf, remove bottom cured leaf and Huang Ye;
E) pest control
During mid or late July discovery aphid damage, with 7.5% Lv Fu ﹒ Imidacloprid 450 ~ 525g/hm
2or 50% Aphox 150 ~ 300g/hm
2be watered 450 ~ 675kg respectively and spraying process is carried out to plant; When finding snout moth's larva harm, with 2.5% decis or 20% killing logvalue, 300 ~ 450ml/hm
2carry out spraying process; When snout moth's larva enters and causes harm in sorgo stalk, spread fertilizer over the fields 3% carbofuran Granules 35-45kg/hm at sugar grass lobus cardiacus place
2except insect pest; After sugar grass heading, when snout moth's larva is caused harm to fringe portion, be watered 450 ~ 675kg with 7.5% Lv Fu ﹒ Imidacloprid 450 ~ 525g and spraying process is carried out to plant; Be watered 20kg at snout moth's larva spawning period 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 50ml, every strain 10ml fills with the heart;
F) gather in the crops
Sugar grass grows into 20 ~ 22 leaves, gathers in when plant height reaches 2.3 ~ 2.7m.
3. the cultivation method of a kind of feeding type sugar grass as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: spray in soil table with 50% isopropyl grass green bristlegrass 30 ~ 45kg, the 200 ~ 250ml/ mu that adds water before whole ground, and it is smooth then to harrow a kind of farm tools, and timely plastic film mulch, interval was sowed after 10 ~ 15 days.
4. the cultivation method of a kind of feeding type sugar grass as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: when results are used as ensiling, gather in special ensiling forage harvester.
5. the cultivation method of a kind of feeding type sugar grass as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: before sugar grass after planting emerges, meet precipitation formation harden, abolish in time and harden.
6. the cultivation method of a kind of feeding type sugar grass as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: toothing high 15 ~ 20cm during harvesting, and field cauline leaf, stalk is cleaned out, impose chemical fertilizer, thread furrow irrigation, harvesting regrowth hair in time growing to 1.5 ~ 2.2m.
7. the cultivation method of a kind of feeding type sugar grass as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the pure N 7 ~ 9kg of described chemical fertilizer 15 ~ 20kg urea substitutes, described P
2o
56 ~ 8kg, 40 ~ 50kg superphosphate substitutes; Or the pure N 7 ~ 9kg and P of chemical fertilizer
2o
56 ~ 8kg, 40 ~ 50 kg nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers substitute.
8. the cultivation method of a kind of feeding type sugar grass as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step c, in structural water-deficient area, select fabric width 140cm, thickness 0.008mm mulch film, adopt the line-spacing plantations such as 40cm, carry out under-film drip irrigation during plantation, every width mulching film planting 4 row, cave is apart from 20 ~ 22cm, and the planting form in number 7500 ~ 8000 cave, mu cave substitutes.
9. the cultivation method of a kind of feeding type sugar grass as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step c, at precipitation, plentiful or area easily of pouring water, adopts the line-spacing plantations such as 50cm, cave is apart from 18 ~ 20cm, and the planting form in number 7400 ~ 7800 cave, mu cave substitutes.
10. the cultivation method of a kind of feeding type sugar grass as claimed in claim 7 or 8, is characterized in that: adopt the artificial hill-drop planter of single file or dibbler precision drilling, 2 ~ 3, every cave seed, sowing depth 2.5 ~ 3.0cm, the mu amount of broadcasting 0.8 ~ 1.0kg.
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| CN107836303A (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2018-03-27 | 清华大学 | A kind of Cd-polluted farmland safe utilization method based on Multifunctional crop sugar grass |
| CN108243871A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-07-06 | 合肥仙之峰农业科技有限公司 | A kind of sorghum and the interplanting method of fresh kidney beans |
| CN109618840A (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2019-04-16 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | A kind of sandy bare land sugar cultural method of type sugar grass |
| CN110326495A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-10-15 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | A kind of ramie planting and harvesting method |
| CN110326495B (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2021-08-24 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | Ramie planting and harvesting method |
| CN112136620A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2020-12-29 | 重庆市农业科学院 | Mechanical ridging direct-seeding efficient cultivation method for sorghum |
| CN115918463A (en) * | 2022-12-22 | 2023-04-07 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心 | Method for improving coastal heavy saline-alkali soil by planting sweet sorghum |
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