A kind ofly discard from Turkish tobaccos the method extracting cigarette seed oil cigarette seed
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of field of deep processing of farm products, be specifically related to a kind of homogenate extraction technology that utilizes and discard from Turkish tobaccos the method extracting cigarette seed oil cigarette seed.
Background technology
Tobacco is Solanaceae Nicotiana plant, is the natural phant that a kind of utility value is very high.As traditional Chinese medicine, tobacco begins to be loaded in Jing-Yue Complete Works, is also included by modern herbal medicine monographs such as " national herbal medicine compilations ", has the effects such as detumescence, removing toxic substances, desinsection.In in the past more than 400 year, tobacco is widely cultivated as a kind of important cash crop.The tobacco planting area of China and output all occupy first place in the world, and tobacco planting and Product processing play an important role in the national economic development.In agricultural products in China income, tobacco is only second to paddy and wheat, cotton, soybean, corn, occupies the 6th.As tobacco leaf production big country, except for except the tobacco leaf of production of cigarettes, have every year a large amount of low grades and etc. the resources such as outer level tobacco leaf, cigarette stalk, offal, tobacco stem, tobacco bud and cigarette seed fail to be utilized effectively, or abandon in field, or dried burning, also result in the significant wastage of natural resources while bringing pollution to environment.Current China is faced with severe environment situation, and environmental pollution has become the problem that the whole people show great attention to, and the efficiency utilization of resource and recycle will be the directions of each industry development from now on, also will be the direction of tobacco industry development.China's tobacco waste resource enormous amount, therefore, utilizes tool to be of great significance to tobacco waste resource.
Cigarette seed is the seed of tobacco.Turkish tobaccos are the important source material of producing blended type cigarette and English Virginian-type cigarette.Cigarette seed all can produce a large amount of cigarette seeds every year, as only Baoshan, Yunnan county will produce 150 ~ 300 tons of cigarette seeds every year.Cigarette seed is ripe autumn, and maturation is collected afterwards gets off, and through airing, threshing, Yang Jing, then dry to water content about less than 9% and get final product, its particle is less, diameter about 0.5 millimeter.Cigarette seed is rich in fatty oil, is a kind of well fatty oil raw material.Extract from cigarette seed cigarette seed oil have multiple use at oil chemical industry, as in soapmaking industry for the preparation of soap based article, in painting industry, prepare alkyd varnish as raw material; In addition, because cigarette seed oil is rich in linolic acid, medicine and foodstuffs industry also there is good application prospect, just has the report of edible refining cigarette seed oil in some countries.But at present except small part cigarette seed is used for breeding, most of cigarette seed does not obtain Appropriate application, causes great waste.In recent years the report of research on utilization carries out to resources such as waste tobacco leaf, offal, offals more, but the report carrying out research on utilization to discarded cigarette seed is little.
Mechanical milling process, water substitution and solvent extraction method is had at present from the grease extraction that plant seed is conventional.It is low to there is oil yield in mechanical expression method, and labour intensity is large, and low shortcoming is imitated in production and owing to there being green compact to steam the operation of frying in oil expression process, in dregs of beans, protein denaturation is serious, and oil resource is made a low multiple use.Water substitution exist oil yield low, to be separated in more difficult, leaching process the easily deficiency such as contaminating microorganisms.Solvent extraction method has oil yield efficiency high (94 ~ 99%), and the advantages such as dry meal residual oil rate low (about 1%) are current industrial the most frequently used grease extraction; In developed country, with the grease of solvent extraction method explained hereafter, account for more than 90% of grease production total amount.
Summary of the invention
[technical problem that will solve]
The object of the invention is to solve above-mentioned technical problem, provide a kind of and novel discard from Turkish tobaccos the method extracting smoke seed oil cigarette seed.
[technical scheme]
In order to reach above-mentioned technique effect, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
The present invention utilizes homogenate extraction technology to discard cigarette seed from Turkish tobaccos and extracts smoke seed oil, is a kind of novel grease extraction.
Discard from Turkish tobaccos the method extracting cigarette seed oil cigarette seed, it comprises the following steps:
A, extracts
Get discarded cigarette seed, clean up and after cryodrying, put into container, add after appropriate Extraction solvent soaks for some time, be placed on flash extracter, voltage, rotating speed, extraction time and each extraction time are extracted in setting, after extraction, filter and obtain filtrate, filter residue is recycled;
B, extracting solution washing and dehydration
Filtrate steps A obtained is neutral with deionized water wash to washings, obtains washed extracting solution, adds siccative wherein, and after fully stirring, leave standstill certain hour, siccative is removed in filtration, obtains dried extracting solution;
C, extracting solution is concentrated and dry
The dry extraction liquid obtained by step B is placed in decompression and solvent recovery on Rotary Evaporators, is then placed in vacuum drying oven cryodrying, obtains described cigarette seed oil.
The present invention is technical scheme further, and in step, described Extraction solvent is normal hexane or sherwood oil, and the mass ratio of described Extraction solvent and discarded cigarette seed is 5 ~ 20:1, and the sherwood oil boiling range that the present invention selects is 60 ~ 90 DEG C.
The present invention is technical scheme further, and in step, the time that described Extraction solvent soaks is 1 ~ 10h.
The present invention is technical scheme further, and in step, the extraction voltage of described flash extracter setting is 100 ~ 150V, and rotating speed is 5000 ~ 10000rpm/min, and extraction time is 5 ~ 10 times, and each extraction time is 30 ~ 90s.
The present invention is technical scheme further, and in stepb, the volume ratio of described deionized water and filtrate is 1:1 ~ 3.
The present invention is technical scheme further, and in stepb, described siccative is selected from anhydrous sodium sulphate, anhydrous magnesium sulfate, anhydrous calciumsulphate or molecular sieve.
The present invention is technical scheme further, and in stepb, the consumption of described siccative is add siccative 0.5 ~ 3g in every 10mL extracting solution; Further, static 10 ~ 30h after adding siccative.
The present invention is technical scheme further, and in step C, described reclaim under reduced pressure refers to the recycling design operation carried out under lower than the condition of barometric point; Described cryodrying is the heat drying carried out under temperature is not higher than the condition of 50 DEG C.
The present invention will be explained below.
Discard from Turkish tobaccos the method extracting cigarette seed oil cigarette seed, it comprises the following steps:
A, extracts
Get discarded cigarette seed, clean up and after cryodrying, put into container, add after appropriate Extraction solvent soaks for some time, be placed on flash extracter, voltage, rotating speed, extraction time and each extraction time are extracted in setting, after extraction, filter and obtain filtrate, filter residue is recycled;
After getting discarded cigarette seed, need the foreign material such as silt be removed, and then carry out cleaning-drying work.Filter residue of the present invention can be used for extracting protein.
The homogenate extraction technology that the present invention uses is a kind of extractive technique of up-to-date research and development in recent years.The principle that this technical basis historrhexis extracts, utilize appropriate solvent in flash extracter by material quick crashing extremely suitable granularity, reach extraction object with functions such as high-speed stirring, superpower vibration, negative pressure diafiltrations simultaneously, retain effective ingredients in plant to greatest extent and can not be subject to heat collapse, have that extraction rate is fast, extraction conditions is gentle, extraction efficiency is high, simple to operate and be easy to realize the advantages such as suitability for industrialized production.
B, extracting solution washing and dehydration
Filtrate steps A obtained is neutral with deionized water wash to washings, obtains washed extracting solution, adds siccative wherein, and after fully stirring, leave standstill certain hour, siccative is removed in filtration, obtains dried extracting solution;
Be the feature utilizing nicotine water-soluble in the present invention, in leaching process, extracting solution washed, washed away the impurity such as a small amount of nicotine that may contain in extracting solution, be neutral with deionized water wash to washings, mean and washed away the impurity such as nicotine.
C, extracting solution is concentrated and dry
The dry extraction liquid obtained by step B is placed in reclaim under reduced pressure on Rotary Evaporators and, to the complete evaporate to dryness of solvent, is then placed in vacuum drying oven cryodrying, obtains described cigarette seed oil.
The present invention is technical scheme further, and in step, described Extraction solvent is normal hexane or sherwood oil, and the mass ratio of described Extraction solvent and discarded cigarette seed is 5 ~ 20:1.The sherwood oil boiling range that the present invention selects is 60 ~ 90 DEG C.
The Extraction solvent used in the present invention is mainly the solvent that can dissolve cigarette seed oil.The reason selecting above-mentioned mass ratio to add Extraction solvent, under this mass ratio, can while extraction cigarette seed oil as much as possible, can ensure again to extract too much interference impurity.
The present invention is technical scheme further, and in step, the time that described Extraction solvent soaks is 1 ~ 10h.
The present invention is under soak time is the condition of 1 ~ 10h, and the cigarette seed oil that soak extraction obtains is maximum and relative purity is the highest.
The present invention is technical scheme further, and in step, the extraction voltage of described flash extracter setting is 100 ~ 150V, and rotating speed is 5000 ~ 10000rpm/min, and extraction time is 5 ~ 10 times, and each extraction time is 30 ~ 90s.
The parameter setting of above-mentioned flash extracter extracts the setting of cigarette seed oil properties according to the present invention, and the cigarette seed obtained under this condition oil is maximum, and purity is relatively better.
The present invention is technical scheme further, and in stepb, the volume ratio of described deionized water and filtrate is 1:1 ~ 3.The concrete consumption of deionized water is as the criterion with the washing situation of impurity in filtrate.
The present invention is technical scheme further, and in stepb, described siccative is selected from anhydrous sodium sulphate, anhydrous magnesium sulfate, anhydrous calciumsulphate or molecular sieve.The moisture in cigarette seed oil mainly removed by siccative, therefore, and the siccative of the not oil suction ester that only needs to absorb water.
The present invention is technical scheme further, and in stepb, the consumption of described siccative is add siccative 0.5 ~ 3g in every 10mL extracting solution; Further, static 10 ~ 30h after adding siccative.
Reason static after adding siccative is to make siccative and moisture carry out absorption reaction fully, to ensure that the moisture in cigarette seed oil is absorbed completely.
The present invention is technical scheme further, and in step C, described reclaim under reduced pressure refers to the recycling design operation carried out under lower than the condition of barometric point; Described cryodrying is temperature is the heat drying carried out under temperature is not higher than the condition of 50 DEG C.
The object of decompression reduces the boiling point of solvent, makes solvent be evaporated at lower temperatures, is easier to ensure the stable of material.
[beneficial effect]
The present invention compared with prior art, has following beneficial effect:
(1) the homogenate extraction technology of up-to-date research and development in recent years is innovatively combined the extraction for cigarette seed oil by the present invention with current industrial the most frequently used oil extraction method, have that extraction rate is fast, extraction conditions is gentle, extraction efficiency is high, simple to operate and be easy to realize the advantages such as suitability for industrialized production, be a kind of novel seed grease extraction; Compared with traditional grease extraction, this law is capable of reducing energy consumption, thus reduces production cost.
(2) feature utilizing nicotine water-soluble, the present invention washes extracting solution in leaching process, wash away the impurity such as a small amount of nicotine that may contain in extracting solution, extracted the cigarette seed oil obtained and not only may be used for soapmaking and painting industry, also may be used for medicine and food service industry.Therefore, the present invention is that the exploitation of the utilization and corresponding product that Turkish tobaccos discard cigarette seed provides referential method.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 discards from Turkish tobaccos the schema extracting cigarette seed oil cigarette seed.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiments of the invention, the invention will be further elaborated.
Embodiment 1 ~ 6 carries out extracting with the flow process of Fig. 1 below.
Embodiment 1
Take the cigarette seed 100g screening also cleaning-drying and cross, put in container, add normal hexane 500g, soak 2 hours, be placed on flash extracter, it is 100 volts that voltage is extracted in setting, and extraction rotating speed is 5000rpm/min, extracts 5 times, each extraction 30 seconds; Extracting solution is filtered to obtain after extraction.
1 ﹕ 1 adds deionized water in extracting solution by volume, and stratification after fully stirring, separates normal hexane layer, and same treatment to washings is neutral.In washed extracting solution, add appropriate anhydrous sodium sulphate, after fully stirring, leave standstill 10 hours, filter, obtain dried extracting solution, put reclaim under reduced pressure normal hexane on Rotary Evaporators, then put cryodrying in vacuum drying oven, obtain cigarette seed oil 31.2g.
According to boron trifluoride method in GB/T 17376-2008 " preparation of animal-plant oil fatty acid methyl ester ", the cigarette seed oil prepared is carried out to the esterification preparation of lipid acid; Quantitative analysis is carried out according to the fatty acid methyl ester admixture of GB/T 17377-2008 " gas chromatographic analysis of animal-plant oil fatty acid methyl ester " to preparation, wherein linoleic acid content is 56.62%, oleic acid content is 19.35%, linolenic acid content is 1.74%, palmitic acid content is 9.72%, and stearic acid content is 5.36%.
Embodiment 2
Take the cigarette seed 100g screening also cleaning-drying and cross, put in container, add normal hexane 800g, soak 4 hours, be placed on flash extracter, it is 120 volts that voltage is extracted in setting, and extraction rotating speed is 6000rpm/min, extracts 5 times, each extraction 60 seconds; Extracting solution is filtered to obtain after extraction.
1 ﹕ 2 adds deionized water in extracting solution by volume, and stratification after fully stirring, separates normal hexane layer, and same treatment to washings is neutral.In washed extracting solution, add appropriate anhydrous sodium sulphate, after fully stirring, leave standstill 15 hours, filter, obtain dried extracting solution, put reclaim under reduced pressure normal hexane on Rotary Evaporators, then put cryodrying in vacuum drying oven, obtain cigarette seed oil 32.8g.
According to boron trifluoride method in GB/T 17376-2008 " preparation of animal-plant oil fatty acid methyl ester ", the cigarette seed oil prepared is carried out to the esterification preparation of lipid acid; Quantitative analysis is carried out according to the fatty acid methyl ester admixture of GB/T 17377-2008 " gas chromatographic analysis of animal-plant oil fatty acid methyl ester " to preparation, wherein linoleic acid content is 58.33%, oleic acid content is 18.19%, linolenic acid content is 1.26%, palmitic acid content is 8.63%, and stearic acid content is 4.97%.
Embodiment 3
Take the cigarette seed 100g screening also cleaning-drying and cross, put in container, add normal hexane 1000g, soak 6 hours, be placed on flash extracter, it is 130 volts that voltage is extracted in setting, and extraction rotating speed is 7000rpm/min, extracts 6 times, each extraction 60 seconds; Extracting solution is filtered to obtain after extraction.
1 ﹕ 1 adds deionized water in extracting solution by volume, and stratification after fully stirring, separates normal hexane layer, and same treatment to washings is neutral.In washed extracting solution, add appropriate anhydrous calciumsulphate, after fully stirring, leave standstill 15 hours, filter, obtain dried extracting solution, put reclaim under reduced pressure normal hexane on Rotary Evaporators, then put cryodrying in vacuum drying oven, obtain cigarette seed oil 34.7g.
According to boron trifluoride method in GB/T 17376-2008 " preparation of animal-plant oil fatty acid methyl ester ", the cigarette seed oil prepared is carried out to the esterification preparation of lipid acid; Quantitative analysis is carried out according to the fatty acid methyl ester admixture of GB/T 17377-2008 " gas chromatographic analysis of animal-plant oil fatty acid methyl ester " to preparation, wherein linoleic acid content is 56.93%, oleic acid content is 17.67%, linolenic acid content is 1.56%, palmitic acid content is 9.25%, and stearic acid content is 5.36%.
Embodiment 4
Take the cigarette seed 100g screening also cleaning-drying and cross, put in container, add normal hexane 1000g, soak 8 hours, be placed on flash extracter, it is 140 volts that voltage is extracted in setting, and extraction rotating speed is 8000rpm/min, extracts 7 times, 60 seconds each extraction times; Extracting solution is filtered to obtain after extraction.
1 ﹕ 2 adds deionized water in extracting solution by volume, and stratification after fully stirring, separates normal hexane layer, and same treatment to washings is neutral.In washed extracting solution, add appropriate anhydrous sodium sulphate, after fully stirring, leave standstill 15 hours, filter, obtain dried extracting solution, put reclaim under reduced pressure normal hexane on Rotary Evaporators, then put cryodrying in vacuum drying oven, obtain cigarette seed oil 36.7g.
According to boron trifluoride method in GB/T 17376-2008 " preparation of animal-plant oil fatty acid methyl ester ", the cigarette seed oil prepared is carried out to the esterification preparation of lipid acid; Quantitative analysis is carried out according to the fatty acid methyl ester admixture of GB/T 17377-2008 " gas chromatographic analysis of animal-plant oil fatty acid methyl ester " to preparation, wherein linoleic acid content is 55.28%, oleic acid content is 18.73%, linolenic acid content is 1.94%, palmitic acid content is 8.71%, and stearic acid content is 5.62%.
Embodiment 5
Take the cigarette seed 100g screening also cleaning-drying and cross, put in container, add sherwood oil (60 ~ 90 DEG C) 800g, soak 1 hour, be placed on flash extracter, it is 120 volts that voltage is extracted in setting, extraction rotating speed is 7000rpm/min, extracts 6 times, each extraction 45 seconds; Extracting solution is filtered to obtain after extraction.
1 ﹕ 1 adds deionized water in extracting solution by volume, and stratification after fully stirring, separates petroleum ether layer, and same treatment to washings is neutral.In washed extracting solution, add appropriate anhydrous magnesium sulfate, after fully stirring, leave standstill 15 hours, filter, obtain dried extracting solution, put reclaim under reduced pressure sherwood oil on Rotary Evaporators, then put cryodrying in vacuum drying oven, obtain cigarette seed oil 27.9g.
According to boron trifluoride method in GB/T 17376-2008 " preparation of animal-plant oil fatty acid methyl ester ", the cigarette seed oil prepared is carried out to the esterification preparation of lipid acid; Quantitative analysis is carried out according to the fatty acid methyl ester admixture of GB/T 17377-2008 " gas chromatographic analysis of animal-plant oil fatty acid methyl ester " to preparation, wherein linoleic acid content is 57.15%, oleic acid content is 17.26%, linolenic acid content is 2.09%, palmitic acid content is 7.84%, and stearic acid content is 5.17%.
Embodiment 6
Take the cigarette seed 100g screening also cleaning-drying and cross, put in container, add sherwood oil (60 ~ 90 DEG C) 1200g, soak 5 hours, be placed on flash extracter, it is 150 volts that voltage is extracted in setting, extraction rotating speed is 9000rpm/min, extracts 7 times, 60 seconds each extraction times; Extracting solution is filtered to obtain after extraction.
1 ﹕ 2 adds deionized water in extracting solution by volume, and stratification after fully stirring, separates petroleum ether layer, and same treatment to washings is neutral.In washed extracting solution, add appropriate anhydrous sodium sulphate, after fully stirring, leave standstill 20 hours, filter, obtain dried extracting solution, put reclaim under reduced pressure sherwood oil on Rotary Evaporators, then put cryodrying in vacuum drying oven, obtain cigarette seed oil 28.7g.
According to boron trifluoride method in GB/T 17376-2008 " preparation of animal-plant oil fatty acid methyl ester ", the cigarette seed oil prepared is carried out to the esterification preparation of lipid acid; Quantitative analysis is carried out according to the fatty acid methyl ester admixture of GB/T 17377-2008 " gas chromatographic analysis of animal-plant oil fatty acid methyl ester " to preparation, wherein linoleic acid content is 56.82%, oleic acid content is 17.63%, linolenic acid content is 2.35%, palmitic acid content is 7.97%, and stearic acid content is 5.38%.
Although with reference to explanatory embodiment of the present invention, invention has been described here, above-described embodiment is only the present invention's preferably embodiment, embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments, should be appreciated that, those skilled in the art can design a lot of other amendment and embodiment, these amendments and embodiment will drop within spirit disclosed in the present application and spirit.