CN104724110B - 用于运行混合驱动装置的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于运行混合驱动装置的方法、一种设备以及一种混合驱动装置,所述混合驱动装置尤其是用于汽车。该混合驱动装置包括至少一个第一驱动机组以及第二驱动机组。该第一驱动机组和第二驱动机组能够借助于分离离合器相互机械地作用连接。为了启动第一驱动机组,至少部分地闭合所述分离离合器并且由此借助于第二驱动机组使第一驱动机组加速。在启动第一驱动机组期间调节转速地运行所述第二驱动机组。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于运行混合驱动装置的一种方法和一种设备,所述混合驱动装置尤其是用于汽车,该混合驱动装置具有至少一个第一驱动机组以及至少一个第二驱动机组。所述第一和第二驱动机组能够借助于分离离合器相互机械地作用连接。启动第一驱动机组的方法是,至少部分地闭合分离离合器并且由此借助于第二驱动机组使得第一驱动机组加速。
背景技术
当时由现有技术公开了大量用于运行混合驱动装置的方法以及设备,该混合驱动装置具有第一驱动机组和第二驱动机组。在这种混合驱动装置中通常能够借助于分离离合器将第一和第二驱动机组相互机械地作用连接。在所谓的并行混合动力中借助于分离离合器将第一驱动机组的输出轴与第二驱动机组的输入轴相互作用连接。在此,所述分离离合器会被汽车控制装置影响。通过相应地调节分离离合器,除了混合行驶、推进运行以及再生这些运行类型之外也可以是仅仅利用第二驱动机组来行驶。在最后一种情况中打开分离离合器并且第一驱动机组不处于运行之中。如果第一驱动机组例如是内燃机,那么其能够借助于至少部分地闭合分离离合器来与第二驱动机组连接并且启动。旋转的第二驱动机组在此拖曳借助于离合器作用连接的第一驱动机组。
为了内燃机的第一次启动或者再启动,第二驱动机组例如E发动机的输出扭矩提高了可预先给出的数值。在启动过程开始时离合器是打开的,并且在该过程期间将所述离合器置于其精确地将预先给出的扭矩数值传递到内燃机上的位置中。由此,关于输出装置在启动过程期间没有产生力矩变化并且对于驾驶员来说由此不会感觉到启动过程。该过程根据现有技术是纯粹“受控制的”。此外,由于离合器***中多种多样的干扰影响,会引起离合器上的力矩/行程关系没有精确地已知并且因此不能精确地调节离合器上预先给出的扭矩数值。根据离合器与E发动机之间扭矩的所产生的偏差,这会被驾驶员作为不舒服的急冲感觉到。在具有自动变换器作为起动元件的***中困难的是,力矩误差引起变换器转差率的变化,也就是泵轮与涡轮之间的转速差的变化,其由于变换器所特有的特征尤其扭矩增强引起传动装置输入轴上更大的力矩误差。因此存在许多估算模型以及定期地适应行驶运行中力矩行程关系的适应装置。这是巨大的应用花费以及误差源。此外,尽管如此还是不能在每种运行状态下建立精确的力矩/行程关系。
通过调节用以将分离离合器的离合器摩擦衬片相互压紧的压紧力,能够借助于汽车控制装置控制由分离离合器在滑转状态下当前传递的扭矩或者说滑转扭矩的数值。如果分离离合器滑转运行,那么第一驱动机组和第二驱动机组以不同的转速旋转。然而借助于汽车控制装置预先给出的滑转扭矩仅仅很少地相应于由分离离合器实际传递的滑转扭矩,因为离合器摩擦衬片的变化的摩擦系数由于磨损或者温度变化产生分离离合器的操作***中液压或者机械的不精确度,迟滞、信号运行时间、老化以及类似过程产生了触发装置中的不精确度。因此,在闭合分离离合器时自何时起传递扭矩的这个时间点也具有不可靠性。
在拖曳内燃机时,所述第二驱动机组必须在从不点火转换到点火运行期间克服或者说承受内燃机的强烈变化的负的以及正的扭矩。作用到第二驱动机组上的扭矩额外地取决于在启动内燃机时分离离合器实际传递的滑转扭矩。所述扭矩波动影响第二驱动机组的转速,也就是制动或加速。该第二驱动机组与驱动轮连接。由此其转速的变化会负面地影响行驶特性并且影响汽车的舒适性。
由DE 10 2007 062 796公开了一种方法,其中借助于对传递的滑转扭矩的认识以及相应触发分离离合器使得所述转速波动最小化或者说消除该转速波动。
然而为了这种解决方案需要复杂地确定所传递的滑转扭矩。因此寻找技术上的解决方案用于舒适地运行混合动力汽车,也不需要确定分离离合器的所传递的滑转扭矩。
发明内容
因此,提供了一种用于运行混合驱动装置的方法,所述混合驱动装置尤其是用于汽车。该混合驱动装置具有至少一个第一驱动机组以及第二驱动机组。该第一驱动机组和第二驱动机组能够借助于分离离合器相互机械地作用连接。启动该第一驱动机组的方法是,至少部分地闭合分离离合器并且由此借助于第二驱动机组使第一驱动机组加速。按本发明所述第二驱动机组在启动第一驱动机组期间转速受调节地运行。
为了控制驱动机组通常预先给出额定扭矩。借助于第二驱动机组的转速调节,在启动第一驱动机组期间,直接反作用于由于拖曳第一驱动机组产生的转速波动以及当前借助于分离离合器传递的不能精确控制的扭矩。为了有效地避免驱动轮上的转速波动,转速调节的调节速度选择得比扭矩的各个波动的形成显著更快。由此,在启动过程期间将第二驱动机组用于在离合器控制装置中校正有缺陷的力矩/行程关系。
由此有利地实现了,所述混合驱动装置在输出装置或驱动轮上没有不希望的转速波动以及加速度地运行。由此在启动第二驱动机组期间也实现了可靠的行驶特性以及舒适的行驶。由此进一步改善了启动质量。能够显著降低离合器***的应用花费,因为不需要如此详细的估算模型以及适应装置。尤其离合器的预控制必要时已经足够了。
在本发明的另一设计方案中,所述混合驱动装置还具有扭矩变换器以及输出装置。所述扭矩变换器包括泵轮和涡轮。第二驱动机组与泵轮刚性地相互机械连接,涡轮与输出装置刚性地连接。该输出装置再要么刚性地要么借助于传动装置与驱动轮连接。所述第二驱动机组在启动第一驱动机组期间转速受调节地运行,其中第二驱动机组根据涡轮的转速调节转速。
在这种设计方案中,扭矩变换器的被驱动的并且旋转的泵轮将扭矩变换器内部的液压流体置于旋转之中。扭矩变换器中旋转的液压流体将力或者说扭矩传递到涡轮上,该涡轮由此承受加速力并且也由此旋转。第二驱动机组的转速现在根据涡轮的转速、也就是实际上作用在输出装置或者驱动轮上的转速进行调节。
有利地实现对第二驱动机组的转速的更精确的调节并且由此在进一步增加舒适性时实现更可靠的行驶特性。
在本发明的另一设计方案中,所述第二驱动机组根据泵轮的转速进行转速调节。该第二驱动机组刚性地与扭矩变换器的泵轮连接。根据泵轮的转速进行调节的作用由此相应于根据第二驱动机组的转速所进行的转速调节。
能够有利地在所述调节中放弃额外的用于确定第二驱动机组的转速的传感机构,并且还是根据第二驱动机组的转速调节第二驱动机组。在调节回路的相应的设计中,也在较高的舒适性中用这种调节实现了可靠的行驶特性。为此又选择了调节回路的调节速度,该调节速度显著快于扭矩的各个波动的形成。
在本发明的另一设计方案中,所述第二驱动机组根据涡轮转速与泵轮转速之间的转速差转速调节地运行。涡轮与泵轮之间的转速差是当前作用到输出装置或者驱动轮上的扭矩的原因。由此能够通过根据涡轮转速与泵轮转速之间的转速差对第二驱动机组进行转速调节来调节当前作用到输出装置或驱动轮上的扭矩。
有利地如此实现一种方案,即有针对性地影响行驶特性或者说在没有扭矩波动的较高舒适性中确保可靠的行驶特性。
在本发明的一种设计方案中,对第二驱动机组进行转速调节,使得涡轮转速与泵轮转速之间的转速差保持恒定。如果在第一驱动机组的启动过程期间保持涡轮转速与泵轮转速之间的差恒定,那么也保持作用在输出装置或驱动轮上的扭矩恒定。这意味着,当汽车直接在第一驱动机组启动之前刚好被加速时,那么汽车就连续地以保持相同的加速度继续加速,如果其刚好以恒定的速度行驶,那么就继续保持该速度,或者在刚好减速时,就以相同的减速度继续减速。第一驱动机组的启动持续少于一秒钟。在所述时间段中保持至今为止的加速度,这在具有所述混合驱动装置的例如汽车中的乘客方面不会作为干扰而察觉到。
由此有利地实现混合驱动装置的运行,其一方面确保了非常舒适的行驶并且另一方面确保了可靠的行驶特性,因为在启动第一驱动机组期间避免了不希望的扭矩波动。
在本发明的另一设计方案中,根据在混合驱动装置运行期间尤其直接在第一驱动机组启动之前借助于传感器装置检测的参数值预先给出涡轮转速和泵轮转速之间有待调节的转速差的值。
通过根据在混合驱动装置运行期间尤其直接在第一驱动机组启动之前借助于传感器装置检测的参数值预先给出泵轮转速和涡轮转速之间的差,所述混合驱动装置相应地对外部或者内部的环境信息作出反应并且使行驶特性以及汽车的舒适性与当前情况匹配。外部的环境信息例如可以是气候条件例如在不同的温度下具有相应不同的摩擦系数的积雪的、潮湿的或者干燥的道路,显著的上坡或者下坡路。混合驱动装置的内部的环境信息例如可以是第一或第二驱动机组的温度、功率电子装置的温度、第二驱动机组的能量供给装置的充电状态或者汽车的显著强烈的加速或者减速。根据所述检测的参数值之一与其名义值或平均值的偏差程度提高或者降低有待调节的转速差的值。通过这种提高实现了输出装置或驱动轮上在第一驱动机组启动期间作用的扭矩的增加。所述差的增加尤其用在显著上坡时、第一驱动机组的温度较低时或者汽车强烈加速时。由此,这种增加有利地用在以下情况中,即通过输出装置或驱动轮上增加的扭矩增强可靠的行驶特性并且提高行驶的舒适性。
通过降低所述差,实现了输出装置或驱动轮上在第一驱动机组启动期间作用的扭矩的降低。所述差的降低尤其用在例如温度较低时具有相应较小的摩擦系数的积雪和/或潮湿的道路上、显著的下坡路上、第一驱动机组的温度较高时、第二驱动机组的能量供给装置的充电状态较低时或者汽车强烈减速时。由此,这种降低有利地用在以下情况中,即通过输出装置或驱动轮上降低的扭矩来增强可靠的行驶特性并且提高行驶的舒适性。
还提供一种用于运行混合驱动装置的设备,其包括至少一个控制装置,所述混合驱动装置尤其是用于汽车,所述混合驱动装置具有至少一个第一驱动机组和第二驱动机组。该第一驱动机组和第二驱动机组在此能够借助于分离离合器相互机械地作用连接。所述控制装置为了启动第一驱动机组如此触发所述分离离合器,使得分离离合器至少部分闭合并且由此借助于第二驱动机组使第一驱动机组加速。在此,所述至少一个控制装置在启动第一驱动机组期间调节第二驱动机组的转速。在启动第一驱动机组期间,借助于第二驱动机组的转速调节直接反作用于由第一驱动机组的拖曳引起的转速波动。
由此,所述设备有利地实现了混合驱动装置的运行,而在输出装置或驱动轮上没有不希望的转速波动以及加速度。
还提供了一种混合驱动装置,其包括至少一个第一以及第二驱动机组、分离离合器以及一种包括控制装置的设备,所述混合驱动装置尤其是用于汽车。所述第一驱动机组和第二驱动机组能够借助于分离离合器相互机械地作用连接。所述控制装置为了启动第一驱动机组如此触发所述分离离合器,使得分离离合器至少部分地闭合并且由此借助于第二驱动机组使第一驱动机组加速。在此,所述至少一个控制装置在启动第一驱动机组期间调节第二驱动机组的转速。
在启动第一驱动机组期间,借助于第二驱动机组的转速调节直接反作用于由第一驱动机组的拖曳引起的转速波动。
由此有利地提供一种混合驱动装置,其实现了在输出装置或者驱动轮上没有不希望的转速波动以及加速度地运行。
当然,按本发明的方法的特征、特性以及优点相应地适用于或者说能够应用到按本发明的设备或者说混合驱动装置上,并且反之亦然。
本发明的实施方式的其它特征以及优点从下面参照附图所作的描述中获得。
附图说明
下面应该根据一些附图更详细地解释本发明。为此示出:
图1是用于汽车的混合驱动装置的示意图,
图2是用于运行图1的混合驱动装置的有利的方法的实施例,
图3是用于运行图1的混合驱动装置的调节***的实施例。
具体实施方式
图1以示意图示出了混合驱动装置1的实施例。该混合驱动装置1具有第一驱动机组2尤其是内燃机以及第二驱动机组3尤其是电机或液压机。所述两个驱动机组2和3用分离离合器4作用连接。如果分离离合器4打开,也就是所述分离离合器4的离合器盘相互分开,那么在这两个驱动机组2和3之间不传递扭矩。所述两个驱动机组2和3能够在这种离合器状态下具有任意不同的转速。如果分离离合器4完全闭合,也就是离合器盘相互靠着并且相对压紧,那么这两个驱动机组2和3具有相同的转速并且能够将一个驱动机组的扭矩完全传递到另一个驱动机组上。如果分离离合器4既不打开又不完全闭合,也就是部分闭合,那么两个离合器盘相互滑转。这意味着所述驱动机组2和3具有不同的转速。一个驱动机组的扭矩的一部分传递到另一个驱动机组上。由此降低了这两个驱动机组2和3之间的转速差。由此能够借助于分离离合器4将所述驱动机组2和3相互分开以及连接,由此所述驱动机组能够借助于分离离合器4作用连接。为了启动第一驱动机组2尤其是内燃机,至少部分地闭合分离离合器4,离合器盘由此滑转或者相互刚性地连接。由此将第二驱动机组3的扭矩传递到第一驱动机组2上,该第一驱动机组因此开始旋转。如果第一驱动机组2能够独立继续运行或者自主地或者由自己的力输出扭矩,那么就结束对第一驱动机组2的启动。在启动期间或者在第一驱动机组2尤其从转速零开始加速直到结束启动的起动过程期间,调节转速地运行驱动机组3。所述混合驱动装置还包括扭矩变换器5,该扭矩变换器将第二驱动机组3与输出装置8作用连接。所述扭矩变换器5在输入侧具有泵轮6,该泵轮刚性地与第二驱动机组3的驱动轴连接。所述扭矩变换器5在输出侧具有涡轮7,该涡轮刚性地与输出装置8连接。液压流***于扭矩变换器5内部,所述液压流体在泵轮6与涡轮7之间传递扭矩。扭矩变换器的传递容量以及由此当前传递的扭矩的数值随着涡轮7与泵轮6之间的转速差增加而提高。所述输出装置8例如用传动装置13经由轴14与汽车的驱动轮15连接。该传动装置在此能够选择性地为变速器、自动化的变速器、无级变速器或自动变速器。在图1中还示出了控制装置12,该控制装置获取不同传感器的信号,例如用于检测环境信息的传感器装置11的信号、用于检测泵轮6的转速的转速传感器9的信号或者用于检测涡轮7的转速的转速传感器10的信号。所述信号在控制装置12内部进行分析并且例如用于调节第二驱动机组3的转速。因此,所述控制装置12调节第二驱动机组3的转速。
图2示出了用于运行混合驱动装置1的方法100的实施例。所述方法以步骤101开始。该方法在步骤102中暂停,直到尤其在控制装置12内部提供用于启动第一驱动机组2的信号。随着用于启动第一驱动机组的信号的存在,所述方法继续跳转一个步骤。现在三个方法部分并行地运行,在方框103中检测第一驱动机组2的启动是否结束或者终结,在方框104中至少部分地闭合分离离合器4并且在方框105中在转速方面调节第二驱动机组3的转速。在本发明的设计方案中,在方框105中如此调节第二驱动机组3的转速,使得涡轮7的转速10与泵轮6的转速9之间的转速差207保持恒定,并且有待调节的转速差207的值尤其根据在混合驱动装置1运行期间、尤其直接在启动第一驱动机组2之前借助于传感器装置11检测的参数值预先给出。如果在方框103中确定所述第一驱动机组2的启动结束了,那么所述方法就继续跳转一个步骤。在方框106中,所述分离离合器4尤其再次独立于方框104中所示出的方法运行,并且所述第二驱动机组3尤其同样再次独立于方框105中所示出的方法运行。所述方法100以步骤107结束。
图3示出了用于在第一驱动机组2的启动期间或者启动过程期间运行混合驱动装置的调节***的实施例。用方框201为调节对象预先给出涡轮7的由传感器10检测的转速与泵轮6的由传感器9检测的转速之间的尤其恒定的额定转速差作为控制参量。尤其根据在混合驱动装置1的运行期间尤其直接在启动第一驱动机组2之前借助于传感器装置11检测的参数值预先给出有待调节的额定转速差的值。在点202中形成调节偏差作为额定转速差与实际转速差的差值并且输入调节器203。借助于调节器的输出参量触发所述第二驱动机组3,204。该第二驱动机组3、204将相应的扭矩作为输出参量输出到扭矩变换器5的泵轮6、205上。经由扭矩变换器5中的液压油将扭矩输出到涡轮7、206上,泵轮6、205上的以及涡轮7、206上的传感器9和10检测相应的转速。在点207中,实际转速差由泵轮6、205上检测的以及涡轮7、206上检测的转速形成并且传输到点202上。在那里又形成调节偏差作为额定转速差与实际转速差的差值并且重新输入调节器203。由此闭合调节回路并且使得输出装置8上始终存在恒定的扭矩并且由此即使在第一驱动机组2启动期间也实现了舒适并且可靠的行驶特性。出于调节速度的原因,为了避免例如由总线***引起的等待时间,尤其应该在用于E机器的控制器或者换流器中实现所述功能。
Claims (9)
1.用于运行混合驱动装置(1)的方法(100),该混合驱动装置具有至少一个第一驱动机组(2)以及第二驱动机组(3),其中该第一驱动机组(2)和第二驱动机组(3)能够借助于分离离合器(4)相互机械地作用连接,
并且其中,启动第一驱动机组(2),方法是至少部分地闭合(104)分离离合器(4)并且由此借助于第二驱动机组(3)使第一驱动机组(2)加速,
其特征在于,在启动(103)第一驱动机组(2)期间对第二驱动机组(3)进行转速调节(105),
其中,所述混合驱动装置(1)还具有带有泵轮(6)以及涡轮(7)的扭矩变换器(5)和输出装置(8),
其中,所述第二驱动机组(3)与泵轮(6)相互机械连接,
并且其中,所述涡轮(7)与输出装置(8)连接,
并且所述第二驱动机组(3)根据涡轮(7)的转速(10)进行转速调节(105),
其中,所述第二驱动机组(3)根据泵轮(6)的转速(9)进行转速调节(105),
其中,所述第二驱动机组(3)根据涡轮(7)转速(10)与泵轮(6)转速(9)之间的转速差(207)进行转速调节(105)。
2.按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,对所述第二驱动机组(3)进行转速调节(105),使得涡轮(7)转速(10)与泵轮(6)转速(9)之间的转速差(207)保持恒定。
3.按权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,根据混合驱动装置(1)运行期间借助于传感器装置(11)检测的参数值预先给出涡轮(7)转速(10)和泵轮(6)转速(9)之间有待调节的转速差(207)的值。
4.按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述混合驱动装置(1)用于汽车。
5.按权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,根据直接在启动第一驱动机组(2)之前借助于传感器装置(11)检测的参数值预先给出涡轮(7)转速(10)和泵轮(6)转速(9)之间有待调节的转速差(207)的值。
6.用于运行混合驱动装置(1)的设备,包括至少一个控制装置(12),该混合驱动装置具有至少一个第一驱动机组(2)和第二驱动机组(3),
其中,所述第一驱动机组(2)和第二驱动机组(3)能够借助于分离离合器(4)相互机械地作用连接,
并且其中,设置所述至少一个控制装置(12),用于为了启动第一驱动机组(2)而触发所述分离离合器(4),使得该分离离合器(4)至少部分地闭合(104)并且由此借助于第二驱动机组(3)使第一驱动机组(2)加速,
其特征在于,所述至少一个控制装置(12)在启动(103)第一驱动机组(2)期间调节(105)第二驱动机组(3)的转速,
其中,所述混合驱动装置(1)还具有带有泵轮(6)以及涡轮(7)的扭矩变换器(5)和输出装置(8),
其中,所述第二驱动机组(3)与泵轮(6)相互机械连接,
并且其中,所述涡轮(7)与输出装置(8)连接,
并且所述第二驱动机组(3)根据涡轮(7)的转速(10)进行转速调节(105),
其中,所述第二驱动机组(3)根据泵轮(6)的转速(9)进行转速调节(105),
其中,所述第二驱动机组(3)根据涡轮(7)转速(10)与泵轮(6)转速(9)之间的转速差(207)进行转速调节(105)。
7.按权利要求6所述的设备,其特征在于,所述混合驱动装置(1)用于汽车。
8.混合驱动装置(1),包括至少一个第一驱动机组(2)以及第二驱动机组(3)、分离离合器(4)以及包括至少一个控制装置(12)的设备,
其中,第一驱动机组(2)和第二驱动机组(3)能够借助于分离离合器(4)相互机械地作用连接,
并且其中,设置所述控制装置(12),用于为了启动第一驱动机组(2)触发所述分离离合器(4),使得该分离离合器(4)至少部分地闭合(104)并且由此借助于第二驱动机组(3)使第一驱动机组(2)加速,
其特征在于,所述至少一个控制装置(12)在启动(103)第一驱动机组(2)期间调节(105)第二驱动机组(3)的转速,
其中,所述混合驱动装置(1)还具有带有泵轮(6)以及涡轮(7)的扭矩变换器(5)和输出装置(8),
其中,所述第二驱动机组(3)与泵轮(6)相互机械连接,
并且其中,所述涡轮(7)与输出装置(8)连接,
并且所述第二驱动机组(3)根据涡轮(7)的转速(10)进行转速调节(105),
其中,所述第二驱动机组(3)根据泵轮(6)的转速(9)进行转速调节(105),
其中,所述第二驱动机组(3)根据涡轮(7)转速(10)与泵轮(6)转速(9)之间的转速差(207)进行转速调节(105)。
9.按权利要求8所述的混合驱动装置(1),其特征在于,所述混合驱动装置(1)用于汽车。
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- 2013-12-19 DE DE102013226611.1A patent/DE102013226611A1/de active Pending
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2014
- 2014-12-17 US US14/573,408 patent/US20150175151A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-12-17 CN CN201410779799.9A patent/CN104724110B/zh active Active
- 2014-12-17 FR FR1462600A patent/FR3015412A1/fr active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102300759A (zh) * | 2009-03-31 | 2011-12-28 | 爱信艾达株式会社 | 混合动力驱动装置 |
CN103381833A (zh) * | 2012-05-04 | 2013-11-06 | 福特环球技术公司 | 用于传动系双质量飞轮的方法和*** |
CN103381809A (zh) * | 2012-05-04 | 2013-11-06 | 福特环球技术公司 | 用于传动系分离式离合器的方法和*** |
CN103386972A (zh) * | 2012-05-07 | 2013-11-13 | 福特全球技术公司 | 用于控制混合动力车辆的方法 |
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DE102013226611A1 (de) | 2015-06-25 |
US20150175151A1 (en) | 2015-06-25 |
FR3015412A1 (fr) | 2015-06-26 |
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