CN104719074A

CN104719074A - Fruit tree branch soil utilization method

Info

Publication number: CN104719074A
Application number: CN201510117635.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨洪强; 曹辉; 宁留芳
Original assignee: Shandong Agricultural University
Current assignee: Shandong Agricultural University
Priority date: 2015-03-17
Filing date: 2015-03-17
Publication date: 2015-06-24
Anticipated expiration: 2035-03-17
Also published as: CN104719074B

Abstract

The invention discloses a fruit tree branch soil utilization method. After fruit tree branches are smashed, the smashed branches, dried chicken manure, urea and bacterium liquid are mixed to form smashed branch reaction mixtures from the beginning of Spring to the waking of insects each year; during the same period, fertilization caves are dug along inner edges of fruit tree disks, a part of the fruit tree branches are transversely placed at the bottoms of the fertilization caves, several fruit tree branches are inserted into the bottoms of the fertilization caves, the smashed branch reaction mixtures are injected into the fertilization caves, water is poured when the smashed branch reaction mixtures are injected at a certain height, the fertilization caves are filled with soil and treaded solidly with feet after watering, the branches inserted into the fertilization caves are softly shaken, and the fertilization caves are covered with plastic films. The smashed branch reaction mixtures applied to the soil during a specific period are fermented and generate heat, early spring ground temperature is gradually increased when sprouting approaches, the smashed branch reaction mixtures become organic fertilizer after temperature increase, and growth and development of spring root systems and young sprouts can be promoted; matter added to the smashed branch reaction mixtures can reduce harmful gas emission and nitrogen loss; the branches inserted into the fertilization caves are beneficial to gas exchange, fermentation and root growth are facilitated, and the waste fruit tree branches are made profitable.

Description

Fruit tree Soil Utilization method

(1) technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of fruit branch bar Soil Utilization method, belong to changing rejected material to useful resource field, orchard.

(2) background technology

Pruning is the groundwork of orchard management, in all kinds of orchard, has a large amount of fruit tree to be pruned every year.These branches are the discarded objects in orchard, are also the organic materials being rich in carbon element and multiple element.They are except being taken as the burning of bavin standing grain, and major part is all deposited in orchard or roadside, not only affects orchard and surrounding enviroment, waste organic resource, also may become the hidden danger etc. of damage by disease and insect propagation and initiation fire.

In order to discarded fruit tree is converted into utilizable resource, have pulverized after be made into compost, or directly cover orchard ground, or be directly embedded in soil, the charcoal that is made into also had uses, etc.

Fruit tree is woody material, containing more lignin, should not be decomposed by the microorganisms, and Natural compost fermentation generally needs 3-6 month, and required time is long more than the compost fermentation time of the herbaceous material such as crops straw; And fruit tree is mainly pruned in the winter time, winter temperature is low, is not suitable for making compost, even if make compost, also often having arrived temperature higher summer or early autumn could abundant fermenting-ripening, and orchard is not suitable for compost in this period; Moreover making compost needs to take more place for a long time, and therefore, few people utilize branch to make compost in orchard.Branch directly covers orchard ground after pulverizing, and the pathogeny bacterium entrained by branch and insect can be propagated further in orchard.Be directly embedded in after pulverizing in soil, in spontaneous fermentation evening start-up time in soil, fermentation time is long, and fermentation heats and is often in temperature higher summer and early autumn period, and this can make higher ground temperature improve further; In addition, direct landfill fermentation also easily produces some pernicious gases such as ammonia, hydrogen sulphide, is unfavorable for root growth and development.Fruit tree is made into charcoal to use, be a kind of well recycling approach, but making charcoal needs to consume the energy in addition, production cost is higher.

(3) summary of the invention

For solving fruit tree Rational Utilization, promoting that orchard discarded object transforms resource, the invention provides a kind of new method of fruit tree Soil Utilization.

The feature of this method is that fruit tree winter pruning got off is ground into the broken branch that granularity is 0.5-1cm, in annual random time between the beginning of spring to Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), aforementioned broken branch and dried poultrymanure, weathered coal, urea, superphosphate and EM bacterium liquid are mixed and made into broken branch reactant mixture, while the broken branch reactant mixture of making, along fruit tree tree dish inner edge, at interval of 50-100cm, use soil puncher, drill diameter 15-20cm, the fertilising cave of degree of depth 40-60cm, laterally being filled out by the fruit tree of length between fertilising cave radius and diameter is afterwards placed on bottom fertilising cave, when being filled to 5-10cm and being thick, 3-6 root diameter is less than 2cm, the integrated Shu Chuizhi of length value ratio fertilising acupoint depth value large 7-10cm fruit tree is inserted into bottom fertilising cave, then the broken branch reactant mixture just completed is inserted fertilising cave, when being filled to distance ground 5-10cm, every hole irrigation water 3-4L, the earth that bankets is changed after pouring water, stand solid with their feet after filling up soil, and jiggle the fruit tree be inserted in fertilising cave, then will apply fertilizer in the covering of cave with plastic film.

Broken branch reactant mixture wherein by every 1000kg granularity be 0.5-1cm the broken branch of fruit tree in add the EM bacterium liquid of 50-80kg dried poultrymanure, 50-80kg weathered coal, 3-5kg urea, 5-8kg superphosphate and the commercially available living bacteria count of 1-3L >=10,000,000,000 cfu/ml after mix; EM bacterium and EffectiveMicroorganisms are the commercial active bacteria formulations of one be composited by numerous microorganism.

Usefulness of the present invention is between the beginning of spring to the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), apply broken branch reactant mixture, when fruit tree bud is close to when sprouting, fermentation process has started and has slowly heated, the stage of heating is in ground temperature in early spring lower period, the heat that fermentation produces can improve fertilising cave and the temperature of surrounding soil thereof gradually, is conducive to promoting root system and the growing of young sprout in spring; Before arriving summer, fermentation heats process and terminates, and the temperature return in fertilising cave is to normal condition, and now, broken branch reactant mixture becomes high-quality fertilizer.

Usefulness of the present invention is also that the weathered coal added not only promotes that fermentation heats, and also because it contains abundant humus, the pernicious gases such as the ammonia produced in Absorbable rod fermentation process, prevent fruit tree ammonia poisoning, and can reduce nitrogen loss.The superphosphate added also can reduce nitrogen loss, and increases soil nutrient and the content of organic matter together with weathered coal.In addition, a part of fruit tree laterally fill out be placed on bottom fertilising cave, a part is vertically inserted into bottom fertilising cave, be convenient to the gas exchanges applied fertilizer in cave, the gaseous environment in fertilising cave can be improved, be both beneficial to fermentation and be also beneficial to root growth.

(4) embodiment

Fruit tree winter pruning got off is ground into the broken branch that granularity is 0.5-1cm, annual from the beginning of spring to Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) during random time, broken for 1000kg branch, 50-80kg dried poultrymanure, 50-80kg weathered coal, 3-5kg urea and 5-8kg superphosphate are put into agitator and stir, simultaneously, with the running water of 100-150kg well water or river or placement more than 24 hours, the EM bacterium liquid of commercially available for 1-3L living bacteria count >=10,000,000,000 cfu/ml is diluted, point to pour into for 5-8 time in the above-mentioned agitator run after dilution, then stir 3-5 minute broken branch reactant mixture, making the contemporaneity of broken branch reactant mixture, along fruit tree tree dish inner edge, at interval of 50-100cm, use soil puncher, drill diameter 15-20cm, the fertilising cave of degree of depth 40-60cm, laterally being filled out by the fruit tree of length between fertilising cave radius and diameter is afterwards placed on bottom fertilising cave, when being filled to 5-10cm and being thick, 3-6 root diameter is less than 2cm, the integrated Shu Chuizhi of length value ratio fertilising acupoint depth value large 7-10cm fruit tree is inserted into bottom fertilising cave, then the broken branch reactant mixture just completed is inserted fertilising cave, when being filled to distance ground 5-10cm, every hole irrigation water 3-4L, the earth that bankets is changed after pouring water, stand solid with their feet after filling up soil, and jiggle the gap being inserted in the fruit tree in fertilising cave and can ventilating with formation, finally covered rearing with plastic film is incubated on fertilising cave.

Embodiment 1:

8 years raw loud, high-pitched sound apple orchards in Taian Shandong Daiyue District, apple tree branch winter pruning got off is ground into the broken branch that granularity is 1cm, in mid-February, broken for 1000kg branch, 80kg dried poultrymanure, 80kg weathered coal, 3kg urea and 7kg superphosphate are put into agitator and stir, , with 150kg well water, the EM bacterium liquid of commercially available for 1.5L living bacteria count >=10,000,000,000 cfu/ml is diluted meanwhile, point pours into for 6 times in the above-mentioned agitator run after dilution, stir 5 minutes broken branch reactant mixture, making the same period of broken branch reactant mixture, along fruit tree tree dish inner edge, at interval of 50cm, use soil puncher, drill diameter 15cm, the fertilising cave of degree of depth 50cm, laterally being filled out by apple tree branch long for 10cm is afterwards placed on bottom fertilising cave, when being filled to 8cm and being thick, by 3 diameter 1.5cm, length is 58cm apple branch and bar is vertically inserted into bottom fertilising cave together, then the broken branch reactant mixture just completed is inserted fertilising cave, when being filled to distance ground 8cm, every hole irrigation water 3L, the earth that bankets is changed after pouring water, stand solid with their feet after filling up soil, jiggle the fruit tree be inserted in fertilising cave and form gap, finally on fertilising cave, cover plastic film insulation.

Embodiment 2:

Late Febuary, 15 years raw Fuji apple orchards on Sishui Shandong Yao mountain, by 1000kg granularity be together with the broken branch of 0.5cm apple, 50kg dried poultrymanure, 50kg weathered coal, 5kg urea are deposited in 8kg superphosphate after use forklift casting 3-5 time, , with 100kg river, the EM bacterium liquid of commercially available for 1L living bacteria count >=10,000,000,000 cfu/ml is diluted meanwhile, point to pour into for 5 times in the broken branch heap of above-mentioned apple after dilution, with forklift continue casting 5-8 time rear broken branch reactant mixture, while the broken branch reactant mixture of making, along fruit tree tree dish inner edge, at interval of 80cm, use soil puncher, drill diameter 20cm, the fertilising cave of degree of depth 60cm, laterally being filled out by apple branch long for 15cm is placed on bottom fertilising cave, when being filled to 10cm and being thick, by 5 diameter 1cm, length be the apple branch of 70cm tie together vertically be inserted into fertilising cave bottom, then the broken branch reactant mixture just completed is inserted fertilising cave, when being filled to distance ground 10cm, every hole irrigation water 4L, the earth that bankets is changed after pouring water, stand solid with their feet after filling up soil, jiggle be inserted in fertilising cave in fruit tree and form gap, finally covered rearing with plastic film is incubated on fertilising cave.

Claims

1. a fruit tree Soil Utilization method, it is characterized in that: fruit tree winter pruning got off is ground into the broken branch that granularity is 0.5-1cm, in annual random time between the beginning of spring to Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), aforementioned broken branch and dried poultrymanure, weathered coal, urea, superphosphate and EM bacterium liquid are mixed and made into broken branch reactant mixture, while the broken branch reactant mixture of making, along fruit tree tree dish inner edge, at interval of 50-100cm, use soil puncher, drill diameter 15-20cm, the fertilising cave of degree of depth 40-60cm, laterally being filled out by the fruit tree of length between fertilising cave radius and diameter is afterwards placed on bottom fertilising cave, when being filled to 5-10cm and being thick, 3-6 root diameter is less than 2cm, the integrated Shu Chuizhi of fruit tree of the large 7-10cm of length value ratio fertilising acupoint depth value is inserted into bottom fertilising cave, then the broken branch reactant mixture just completed is inserted fertilising cave, when being filled to distance ground 5-10cm, every hole irrigation water 3-4L, the earth that bankets is changed after pouring water, stand solid with their feet after filling up soil, jiggle the fruit tree be inserted in fertilising cave, then will apply fertilizer in the covering of cave with plastic film.

2. fruit tree Soil Utilization method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that broken branch reactant mixture wherein by every 1000kg granularity be 0.5-1cm the broken branch of fruit tree in add the EM bacterium liquid of 50-80kg dried poultrymanure, 50-80kg weathered coal, 3-5kg urea, 5-8kg superphosphate and 1-3L living bacteria count >=10,000,000,000 cfu/ml after mix.