CN105075648A - Method for planting bletilla striata by using edible fungus residues - Google Patents

Method for planting bletilla striata by using edible fungus residues Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105075648A
CN105075648A CN201510632305.9A CN201510632305A CN105075648A CN 105075648 A CN105075648 A CN 105075648A CN 201510632305 A CN201510632305 A CN 201510632305A CN 105075648 A CN105075648 A CN 105075648A
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Prior art keywords
edible fungi
fungi residue
bletilla striata
plant
forest land
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Inventor
席刚俊
汪善锋
徐超
史俊
贾君
杨鹤同
郑凯
方敏彦
李警保
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Jiangsu Polytechnic College of Agriculture and Forestry
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Jiangsu Polytechnic College of Agriculture and Forestry
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05CNITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C9/00Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting bletilla striata by using edible fungus residues. The method comprises the following steps: field selection; fermentation of edible fungus residues; ploughing for soil improvement; planting; intertillage for weeding; fertilizer and water management; disease and pest control; and the like. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages: the undergrowth space of an orchard is selected, and soil is improved by using well fermented edible fungus residues, so that the profit of unit area of the forest land can be improved, the planting cost is reduced, the pollution of edible fungus residues to the environment is reduced, and bletilla striata planted through the method is high in yield and good in quality.

Description

A kind of method utilizing edible fungi residue to plant the bletilla striata
Technical field
The invention belongs to Chinese herbal medicine planting technology field, be specifically related to a kind of method utilizing edible fungi residue to plant the bletilla striata.
Background technology
The bletilla striata, has another name called Lian Jicao, dry root etc., and perennial herb bulbous plant (stem tuber), is often grown on more moistening cliff, in liver moss layer, likes warm, dark and damp environment, slightly cold-resistant.The bletilla striata is used as medicine with dry tuber, has effect of good astringing to arrest bleeding, detumescence and promoting granulation.The bletilla striata contains bletilla polysaccharide, bibenzyl, connects luxuriant and rich with fragrance compounds etc., is widely used in the fields such as food, medicine, cosmetics.
Edible fungi residue, also known as bacterium chaff, offcuts, useless bacterium cylinder etc., is the discarded object after culturing edible fungus.Research shows, edible fungi residue has abundant nutritive value, and containing multiple mineral elements such as the organic matters such as organic acid, enzyme, polysaccharide, amino acid and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, calcium, zinc, magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition are all higher than straw and fresh excrement.But at present because people are inadequate to the understanding of bacterium slag, cause the wasting of resources greatly and environmental pollution.
In prior art, mostly adopt animal dung or the chemical fertilizer plantation bletilla striata, seldom use edible fungi residue, the nutritive value of animal dung is not as good as edible fungi residue and fertilizer efficiency is slow, and chemical fertilizer fertilizer efficiency is fast but cost is high, also likely contaminated environment.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of edible fungi residue that utilizes and plants the method for the bletilla striata, to solve the not good problem of the effect of fertilizer that exists in existing bletilla seed planting technology.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
Utilize edible fungi residue to plant a method for the bletilla striata, it comprises the steps:
(1) selection of land: select crown density 0.3 ~ 0.7, soil property is that the garden and forest land of neutrality or slant acidity sand is as planting site;
(2) edible fungi residue fermentation: urea is added in the edible fungi residue after drying and crushing, add water after mixing, the mixed system of gained is piled stockpile, cover layer of plastic film and carry out spontaneous fermentation, treat that heap temperature drop is low, windrow loosens, without the former stink of windrow, slightly ammonia taste, till producing white hypha, is fermenting-ripening in heap; After fermenting-ripening, take off plastic film by stockpile natural air drying, obtain the edible fungi residue after fermenting for subsequent use;
(3) to plough improvement soil: the garden and forest land after tanning by the sun 5 ~ 10 days, use the edible fungi residue after fermentation in forest land turned over, use edible fungi residue 200 ~ 300kg for every mu, garden and forest land of again turning over;
(4) plant: in garden and forest land, press line-spacing 20 ~ 25cm, spacing in the rows 15cm digs the seedling hole of 2 ~ 5cm degree of depth, transplants a strain bletilla striata domestication seedling, water sufficient normal root water after covering matrix in each seedling hole;
(5) cultivation management:
1. rich water quality management: bletilla striata domestication transplantation of seedlings is to garden and forest land after two weeks, and every mu of forest land application of organic fertilizers 300 ~ 500kg, uses a fertilizer afterwards at quarterly intervals, and consumption is every mu of forest land 200 ~ 300kg;
2. intertill and clean tillage: wild bletilla striata growth is in loose ventilative sand, relatively stricter to the requirement of weeding, therefore wants regularly to loosen the soil to the soil around it, sees that grass just pulls out;
3. the extermination of disease and insect pest: the principle of adhering to " put prevention first, prevent and treat combination ", arrests based on physics, does not use chemical pesticide as far as possible.
In step (1), described orchard is the comparatively regular orchard of theatre, vineyard, apple orchard or other planting fruit trees.
In step (1), described slant acidity sand refers to that pH is the sand of 5.5 ~ 6.8.
In step (2), the consumption standard added water is that the mixture of edible fungi residue and urea after adding water can gently be held agglomerating, one touch namely fall apart.
In step (2), the mass ratio of edible fungi residue and urea is 20:1.
In step (3), the degree of depth that first time turns over is 30 ~ 40cm, and the degree of depth of again turning over is 10 ~ 12cm.、
In step (3), the amount used of the edible fungi residue after fermentation is every mu of 200 ~ 300kg.
In step (4), Yuan Qiu Jing≤0.5cm, Zhu Gao≤10cm, the Jing Cu≤0.2cm of described bletilla striata domestication seedling.
In step (4), described matrix to be configured by 1:2 volume ratio by the edible fungi residue after fermenting and the sandy soil between forest land and forms.。
In step (5), described fertilizer is formed than mixed culture fermentation by the quality of 1:3 by animal dung and edible fungi residue.
Beneficial effect: compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage:
1, effectively can utilize the sylvan life space in orchard, improve the availability on pedological unit area, reduce land rent cost, add economic benefit.
2, decrease management cost and improve the availability of liquid manure.
3, not only fertilizer efficiency is high, cost is low in the use of edible fungi residue, makes resource obtain effective utilization, and decreases the pollution that edible fungi residue brings environment.
4, use edible fungi residue to increase soil fertility, reduce the bulk density of soil, strengthening the ability of soil permeability and acid and alkali-resistance, is the environment that the construction one of growing of the bletilla striata is good.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is bletilla striata growing state schematic diagram in comparative example 1.
Fig. 2 is bletilla striata growing state schematic diagram in embodiment 2.
Embodiment
According to following embodiment, the present invention may be better understood.But those skilled in the art will readily understand, the content described by embodiment only for illustration of the present invention, and should can not limit the present invention described in detail in claims yet.
Embodiment 1
(1) selection of land: select soil drainage good, soil property is neutral sand, crown density are 0.5 and plant comparatively regular theatre as planting site.
(2) edible fungi residue fermentation: edible fungi residue is placed in after shady and cool ventilation place dry, pulverize and adds 5kg urea according to every 100kg edible fungi residue, and add the mixing of a small amount of water, the standard added water is agglomerating for gently to hold, and one touches and namely falls apart; Pile stockpile, cover layer of plastic film and carry out spontaneous fermentation, after fermenting-ripening, open plastic film by its natural air drying, for subsequent use.
3) to plough improvement soil: soil deeptillage, the degree of depth is about 35cm, after being exposed to the sun about one week, executes the edible fungi residue 200kg after fermentation, more shallowly turns over once, and the degree of depth is about 11cm, and edible fungi residue and soil are mixed thoroughly.
(4) plant: hardening is tamed about 2 months, soil after the bletilla striata domestication transplantation of seedlings to improvement of Yuan Qiu Jing≤0.5cm, Zhu Gao≤10cm Jing Cu≤0.2cm, by line-spacing 20 ~ 25cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, digs the seedling hole that about 3cm is dark, plants a strain bletilla striata domestication seedling in each seedling hole, cover matrix, water sufficient normal root water.
(5) intertill and clean tillage: wild bletilla striata growth is in loose ventilative sand, relatively stricter to the requirement of weeding, therefore wants regularly to loosen the soil to the soil around it, sees that grass just pulls out.
(6) rich water quality management: watering with " dry do not water, dry then irrigate ", for principle manages, after planting two weeks, every mu of fertilizer 300kg executed after animal dung and edible fungi residue fermentation, executed once every three months later.
(7) extermination of disease and insect pest: the principle of adhering to " put prevention first, prevent and treat combination ", as far as possible inapplicable chemical pesticide
Plant after 2 ~ 3 years, the bletilla striata of gathering, the per mu yield of the bletilla striata is more than 1600kg.
Embodiment 2
(1) selection of land: select soil drainage good, soil property is neutral sand, crown density are 0.5 and plant comparatively regular theatre as planting site.
(2) edible fungi residue fermentation: edible fungi residue is placed in after shady and cool ventilation place dry, pulverize and adds 5kg urea according to every 100kg edible fungi residue, and add the mixing of a small amount of water, the standard added water is agglomerating for gently to hold, and one touches and namely falls apart; Pile stockpile, cover layer of plastic film and carry out spontaneous fermentation, after fermenting-ripening, open plastic film by its natural air drying, for subsequent use.
3) to plough improvement soil: soil deeptillage, the degree of depth is about 35cm, after being exposed to the sun about one week, executes the edible fungi residue 250kg after fermentation, more shallowly turns over once, and the degree of depth is about 11cm, and edible fungi residue and soil are mixed thoroughly.
(4) plant: hardening is tamed about 2 months, soil after the bletilla striata domestication transplantation of seedlings to improvement of Yuan Qiu Jing≤0.5cm, Zhu Gao≤10cm Jing Cu≤0.2cm, by line-spacing 20 ~ 25cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, digs the seedling hole that about 3cm is dark, plants a strain bletilla striata domestication seedling in each seedling hole, cover matrix, water sufficient normal root water.
(5) intertill and clean tillage: wild bletilla striata growth is in loose ventilative sand, relatively stricter to the requirement of weeding, therefore wants regularly to loosen the soil to the soil around it, sees that grass just pulls out.
(6) rich water quality management: watering with " dry do not water, dry then irrigate ", for principle manages, after planting two weeks, every mu of fertilizer 400kg executed after animal dung and edible fungi residue fermentation, executed once every three months later.
(7) extermination of disease and insect pest: the principle of adhering to " put prevention first, prevent and treat combination ", as far as possible inapplicable chemical pesticide
Plant after 2 ~ 3 years, the bletilla striata of gathering, the per mu yield of the bletilla striata reaches 2000kg.
Embodiment 3
(1) selection of land: select soil drainage good, soil property be about pH6 be slant acidity sand, crown density be 0.5 and the comparatively regular theatre of plantation as planting site.
(2) edible fungi residue fermentation: edible fungi residue is placed in after shady and cool ventilation place dry, pulverize and adds 5kg urea according to every 100kg edible fungi residue, and add the mixing of a small amount of water, the standard added water is agglomerating for gently to hold, and one touches and namely falls apart; Pile stockpile, cover layer of plastic film and carry out spontaneous fermentation, after fermenting-ripening, open plastic film by its natural air drying, for subsequent use.
3) to plough improvement soil: soil deeptillage, the degree of depth is about 35cm, after being exposed to the sun about one week, executes the edible fungi residue 300kg after fermentation, more shallowly turns over once, and the degree of depth is about 11cm, and edible fungi residue and soil are mixed thoroughly.
(4) plant: hardening is tamed about 2 months, soil after the bletilla striata domestication transplantation of seedlings to improvement of Yuan Qiu Jing≤0.5cm, Zhu Gao≤10cm Jing Cu≤0.2cm, by line-spacing 20 ~ 25cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, digs the seedling hole that about 3cm is dark, plants a strain bletilla striata domestication seedling in each seedling hole, cover matrix, water sufficient normal root water.
(5) intertill and clean tillage: wild bletilla striata growth is in loose ventilative sand, relatively stricter to the requirement of weeding, therefore wants regularly to loosen the soil to the soil around it, sees that grass just pulls out.
(6) rich water quality management: watering with " dry do not water, dry then irrigate ", for principle manages, after planting two weeks, every mu of fertilizer 500kg executed after animal dung and edible fungi residue fermentation, executed once every three months later.
(7) extermination of disease and insect pest: the principle of adhering to " put prevention first, prevent and treat combination ", as far as possible inapplicable chemical pesticide
Plant after 2 ~ 3 years, the bletilla striata of gathering, the per mu yield of the bletilla striata reaches 1800kg.
Comparative example 1
(1) selection of land: select soil drainage good, soil property is neutral sand, crown density are 0.5 and plant comparatively regular theatre as planting site.
(2) to plough improvement soil: soil deeptillage, the degree of depth is about 35cm, after being exposed to the sun about one week, executes the sheep excrement 200kg after fermentation, more shallowly turns over once, and the degree of depth is about 11cm, and sheep excrement and soil are mixed thoroughly.
(3) plant: hardening is tamed about 2 months, soil after the bletilla striata domestication transplantation of seedlings to improvement of Yuan Qiu Jing≤0.5cm, Zhu Gao≤10cm Jing Cu≤0.2cm, by line-spacing 20 ~ 25cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, digs the seedling hole that about 3cm is dark, plants a strain bletilla striata domestication seedling in each seedling hole, cover the sandy loam in theatre, water sufficient normal root water.
(4) intertill and clean tillage: wild bletilla striata growth is in loose ventilative sand, relatively stricter to the requirement of weeding, therefore wants regularly to loosen the soil to the soil around it, sees that grass just pulls out.
(5) rich water quality management: water and for principle manages with " dry do not water, dry then irrigate ", after planting two weeks, execute the sheep excrement 300kg after fermentation, executed once every three months later for every mu.
(6) extermination of disease and insect pest: the principle of adhering to " put prevention first, prevent and treat combination ", as far as possible inapplicable chemical pesticide
Plant after 2 ~ 3 years, the bletilla striata of gathering, the per mu yield of the bletilla striata is about 1450kg.
Comparative example 2
Concrete steps are identical with comparative example 1, and the fertilizer Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium wherein used replaces the sheep excrement in comparative example 1.Plant after 2 ~ 3 years, the bletilla striata of gathering, the per mu yield of the bletilla striata is 1650 kilograms.
Embodiment 1,2,3 is compared with comparative example 1, and output is apparently higher than comparative example 1, and the output of comparative example 2 is suitable with embodiment 1, lower than embodiment 2 and 3.Because edible fungi residue is as discarded object, material cost is negligible, and now on the market sold sheep excrement be 600 yuan/ton, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is 2000 yuan/ton, and a cycle rate of fertilizer of gathering reaches about 3 tons, compares embodiment 1,2,3, the cost per mu only fertilizer part of comparative example 1, add more than 1500 yuan, the cost per mu only fertilizer part of comparative example 2, adds more than 5000 yuan.

Claims (9)

1. utilize edible fungi residue to plant a method for the bletilla striata, it is characterized in that, it comprises the steps:
(1) select crown density 0.3 ~ 0.7, soil property is that the garden and forest land of neutrality or slant acidity sand is as planting site;
(2) urea is added in the edible fungi residue after drying and crushing, add water after mixing, the mixed system of gained is piled stockpile, cover layer of plastic film and carry out spontaneous fermentation; After fermenting-ripening, take off plastic film by stockpile natural air drying, obtain the edible fungi residue after fermenting for subsequent use;
(3) to turn over garden and forest land after tanning by the sun 5 ~ 10 days, use the edible fungi residue after fermentation in forest land, use edible fungi residue 200 ~ 300kg for every mu, garden and forest land of again turning over;
(4) in garden and forest land, press line-spacing 20 ~ 25cm, spacing in the rows 15cm digs the seedling hole of 2 ~ 5cm degree of depth, transplants a strain bletilla striata domestication seedling, water sufficient normal root water after covering matrix in each seedling hole;
(5) bletilla striata domestication transplantation of seedlings is to garden and forest land after two weeks, and every mu of forest land application of organic fertilizers 300 ~ 500kg, uses a fertilizer afterwards at quarterly intervals, and consumption is every mu of forest land 200 ~ 300kg.
2. the method utilizing edible fungi residue to plant the bletilla striata according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (1), described orchard is theatre, vineyard or apple orchard.
3. the method utilizing edible fungi residue to plant the bletilla striata according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (1), described slant acidity sand refers to that pH is the sand of 5.5 ~ 6.8.
4. the method utilizing edible fungi residue to plant the bletilla striata according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (2), the mass ratio of edible fungi residue and urea is 20:1.
5. the method utilizing edible fungi residue to plant the bletilla striata according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (3), the degree of depth that first time turns over is 30 ~ 40cm, and the degree of depth of again turning over is 10 ~ 12cm.、
6. the method utilizing edible fungi residue to plant the bletilla striata according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (3), the amount used of the edible fungi residue after fermentation is every mu of 200 ~ 300kg.
7. the method utilizing edible fungi residue to plant the bletilla striata according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (4), and Yuan Qiu Jing≤0.5cm, Zhu Gao≤10cm, the Jing Cu≤0.2cm of described bletilla striata domestication seedling.。
8. the edible fungi residue that utilizes according to claim 1 plants the method for the bletilla striata, it is characterized in that, in step (4), described matrix to be configured by 1:2 volume ratio by the edible fungi residue after fermenting and the sandy soil between forest land and forms.
9. the method utilizing edible fungi residue to plant the bletilla striata according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (5), described fertilizer is formed than mixed culture fermentation by the quality of 1:3 by animal dung and edible fungi residue.
CN201510632305.9A 2015-09-29 2015-09-29 Method for planting bletilla striata by using edible fungus residues Pending CN105075648A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105638411A (en) * 2016-01-04 2016-06-08 江苏农林职业技术学院 Pleurotus eryngii fungi residue compound substrate and preparation method and application thereof
CN106187391A (en) * 2016-07-27 2016-12-07 沈绍骁 Soil enrichment agent and the manufacture method of high-quality planting soil
CN106576757A (en) * 2016-11-24 2017-04-26 刘雄 Bletilla striata planting method
CN107500998A (en) * 2017-09-30 2017-12-22 江苏农林职业技术学院 A kind of tealeaves leftover bits and pieces organic fertilizer and its preparation method and application
CN111480544A (en) * 2020-05-29 2020-08-04 贵州宝尖农业发展有限公司 Bletilla striata planting method

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103548649A (en) * 2013-10-22 2014-02-05 重庆示展科技发展中心 Bletilla striata and grape organic compound farm
CN104380977A (en) * 2014-11-11 2015-03-04 安顺市西秀区钰霖种养殖农民专业合作社 Bletilla striata high-yield culture technique

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CN103548649A (en) * 2013-10-22 2014-02-05 重庆示展科技发展中心 Bletilla striata and grape organic compound farm
CN104380977A (en) * 2014-11-11 2015-03-04 安顺市西秀区钰霖种养殖农民专业合作社 Bletilla striata high-yield culture technique

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105638411A (en) * 2016-01-04 2016-06-08 江苏农林职业技术学院 Pleurotus eryngii fungi residue compound substrate and preparation method and application thereof
CN105638411B (en) * 2016-01-04 2019-06-14 江苏农林职业技术学院 Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue composite interstitial substance and its preparation method and application
CN106187391A (en) * 2016-07-27 2016-12-07 沈绍骁 Soil enrichment agent and the manufacture method of high-quality planting soil
CN106576757A (en) * 2016-11-24 2017-04-26 刘雄 Bletilla striata planting method
CN107500998A (en) * 2017-09-30 2017-12-22 江苏农林职业技术学院 A kind of tealeaves leftover bits and pieces organic fertilizer and its preparation method and application
CN111480544A (en) * 2020-05-29 2020-08-04 贵州宝尖农业发展有限公司 Bletilla striata planting method

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Application publication date: 20151125