CN104686129A - High-yield planting method for eggplants - Google Patents

Abstract

A high-yield planting method for eggplants mainly comprises steps as follows: Step 1: selection of varieties and seedling beds as well as preparation of nutrient soil; Step 2: seed treatment; Step 3: management of the seedling beds after seedling transplantation; Step 4: field planting and field management. During selection of the varieties in Step 1, mid-late varieties high in heat resistance and disease resistance are required to be selected; during preparation of the nutrient soil, the nutrient soil is required to be prepared in advance for seedlings transplanted by the aid of feeding blocks, vegetable garden soil and overrotten farmyard manure are mixed in the ratio of 6:4, or 1-1.5 kg of a commercial organic fertilizer is added to every 1 m<3> of the vegetable garden soil, then 1.5 kg of calcium superphosphate and 1 kg of potassium sulfate are added to every 1 m<3> of mixed soil, the nutrient soil is formed by even stirring, and seedlings can be directly transplanted by the aid of commercial substrates for the seedlings transplanted by the aid of seedling trays; during seed treatment in Step 2: before sowing, seeds are placed in constant-temperature water at the temperature of 55-60 DEG C to be continuously stirred for 15 min and are fished out and placed in clear water to be soaked for 2-4 h for germination acceleration. The method has the characteristics that sizes are large, the yield is high, the quality is high, the economic benefit is high, and fewer strange eggplants are produced.

Description

A kind of eggplant high-yield planting method

Technical field

The present invention relates to eggplant and cultivate field of planting, specifically a kind of eggplant high-yield planting method.

Background technology

Eggplant, Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces person is the Soviet Union that falls, and Cantonese is called short melon, be Solanaceae Solanum herbaceos perennial, the torrid zone is perennial, and its edible fruit born is used, color mostly is purple or atropurpureus, also there are light green or candida species, also have circle in shape, oval, pyriforms etc. are various, eggplant is a kind of typical vegetables, and according to the difference of kind, usage is various.According to the even analysis of multitude's nutritionist broomcorn millet, the prevent disease index of eggplant is 26.29, and biotic energy index is 9.7142, proves to have quite high value to the rehabilitation of disease, and belongs to effective range to the raising of vitality.

Be badly in need of a kind of implantation methods of high yield eggplant in the market.

Prior art can not meet the needs of people, and for making up prior art deficiency, the present invention aims to provide a kind of rack for operation.

For achieving the above object, the present invention by the following technical solutions: a kind of eggplant high-yield planting method, mainly comprises the following steps: step one, and kind, seedbed are selected and nutritive soil preparation: step 2: seed treatment; Step 3: seedbed management after transplanting seedlings; Step 4: field planting and field management.

Wherein in step one: Fruit variety: heat resistanceheat resistant and the strong middle-late ripening variety of disease resistance should be selected; Nutritive soil preparation: utilize nutritive cube to transplant seedlings, the preparation of Nutrition Soil will be carried out in advance, coordinate by vegetable garden soil and the farmyard manure 6:4 become thoroughly decomposed, or every 1m3 adds organic commercial fertilizer 1 ~ 1.5kg in vegetable garden soil, and in 1m3 composite soil, add 1.5kg superphosphate and 1kg potassium sulfate again, mix into Nutrition Soil thoroughly, transplant seedlings with seedling-cultivating tray, can directly to transplant seedlings by commodity matrix; Seedbed select: should select fertile, physical features is higher and irrigation and drainage sandy loam easily, mu execute become thoroughly decomposed animal wastes 50-60 kilogram, nutrition fertilizer 20-30 kilogram, nutrition fertilizer be made up of each component of following weight percentage: cyhalofop-butyl 1-2%, Chinese azalea 2-3%, Cortex Ailanthi 10-15%, diammonium hydrogen phosphate 5-7%, brown sugar 1-2%, sepiolite powder 50-60%, remaining be weathered coal; Cortex Ailanthi is broken into powder with brown sugar mixing rolling, is placed in airtight container, at 90-100 DEG C, heat 30-40 minute, take out the rear cyhalofop-butyl of cooling, Chinese azalea, sepiolite powder, weathered coal, diammonium hydrogen phosphate mixing abrasive dust; When using, will become thoroughly decomposed animal wastes and nutrition fertilizer mix and spread fertilizer over the fields;

In step 2: seed treatment, before broadcasting, seed is placed in the thermostatted water of 55 ~ 60 DEG C and constantly stirs 15 minutes, pull out to be placed in clear water and soak seed 2 ~ 4 hours, light stranding to seed coat without mucus, after draining away the water, infiltrate thin dry ground and be sprinkling upon on preprepared seedbed, wrap with wet gauze, be placed in vernalization under 28 ~ 30 DEG C of conditions, morning and evening every day warm water is respectively washed once, and after 3,4, the seed of 60% shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally and can sow, before sowing, seed is shone 1 ~ 2 day, to improve germination rate and germination vigor;

In step 3:

One, transplant seedlings the time

Within after emerging 25 ~ 30 days, can transplant seedlings, transplant seedlings and can, with in the nutritive cube of Nutrition Soil, matrix also can be utilized to move in seedling-cultivating tray;

Two, the management after transplanting seedlings

The listing of management decision after transplanting seedlings eggplant sooner or later,

1), temperature, after transplanting seedlings in 3 ~ 5 days, keep 28 ~ 30 DEG C daytime, night 25 ~ 28 DEG C, afterwards, reduce gradually, to daytime 25 ~ 28 DEG C, night 18 ~ 20 DEG C, early white eggplant produces, seedling stage just locates winter, carry out protection against cold and freezing conditions work, keeps higher temperature of shed as far as possible, to field planting the last week, carry out practicing seedling, temperature drops to daytime 20 ~ 25 DEG C gradually, night 15 ~ 18 DEG C;

2), moisture, keep nursery soil humidity 65 ~ 70%, field planting combines the last week practices seedling, suitably reduces water content;

3), apply fertilizer, the seedbed of transplanting seedlings with Nutrition Soil does not generally need to topdress.Matrix is utilized to transplant seedlings, if seedling age was more than 30 days, will foliage spray; Seedling stage in early spring is long, and management expectancy is strict, low temperature and less sunshine, Drought in later stage and malnutrition that seedling is early stage, is the main cause forming malformed fruit and mummy.

In step 4: field planting and field management;

Seedling age 50-60 days gets final product field planting, generally in mid-June to early July, should adopt little;

Raised bed cultivate, ridge height 10-15 centimetre, row spacing 80-100 centimetre, plantation density is advisable with every mu of 2200-2400 strain, waters sufficient water in ditch, and water oozes rear cultivation seedling, spacing in the rows 30-35 centimetre, in field planting 1-2 days, noon will note sunshade, carries out once shallow intertillage after 3 days, waters 1 seedling recovering water after 7 days, often to keep the abundance of soil moisture, during each pouring, can by ammonium bicarbonate solubility in water, concentration is 0.2-0.3%;

Water management

Sufficient normal root water is watered in time after field planting, to before blooming after slow seedling, suitable control moisture hestening rooting, suitably increases field moisture to initial bloom stage after slow seedling, waters in time, keep canopy soil moistening, want ventilation after watering, prevent relative air humidity in canopy too high, full-bloom stage is to picking time simultaneously, water requirement increases, and keeps soil moisture 70 ~ 75%.

Temperature treatment seedling-slowing stage, keeps higher temperature as far as possible, requires 28 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C daytime, evening 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C.After slow seedling, daytime 28 ~ 30 DEG C, evening 15 DEG C ~ 18 DEG C, bloom the setting phase, daytime 28 ~ 32 DEG C, evening 15 DEG C ~ 18 DEG C, eggplant vegetative stage needs higher temperature, slow greatly lower than 15 DEG C of fruit Peng, lower than 10 DEG C of undergrowths.

The extermination of disease and insect pest:

The policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control " should be followed, should based on cultural control, physical control, biological control, chemical control is auxiliary principle, uses chemical control to want strict implement spraying medicine concentration and safety interval.

Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention can have that head is large, and output is high, and quality is high, good in economic efficiency, the feature that the different fruit of strange type of generation is less.

Summary of the invention

Embodiment

Be clearly and completely described to the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention below, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making other embodiments all obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.

In the embodiment of the present invention, a kind of eggplant high-yield planting method, mainly comprises the following steps: step one, and kind, seedbed are selected and nutritive soil preparation: step 2: seed treatment; Step 3: seedbed management after transplanting seedlings; Step 4: field planting and field management.

Wherein in step one: Fruit variety: heat resistanceheat resistant and the strong middle-late ripening variety of disease resistance should be selected, as: short in black, purple light great circle eggplant, purple black long eggplant etc.; Nutritive soil preparation: utilize nutritive cube to transplant seedlings, the preparation of Nutrition Soil will be carried out in advance, coordinate by vegetable garden soil and the farmyard manure 6:4 become thoroughly decomposed, or every 1m3 adds organic commercial fertilizer 1 ~ 1.5kg in vegetable garden soil, and in 1m3 composite soil, add 1.5kg superphosphate and 1kg potassium sulfate again, mix into Nutrition Soil thoroughly, transplant seedlings with seedling-cultivating tray, can directly to transplant seedlings by commodity matrix; Seedbed select: should select fertile, physical features is higher and irrigation and drainage sandy loam easily, mu execute become thoroughly decomposed animal wastes 50-60 kilogram, nutrition fertilizer 20-30 kilogram, nutrition fertilizer be made up of each component of following weight percentage: cyhalofop-butyl 1-2%, Chinese azalea 2-3%, Cortex Ailanthi 10-15%, diammonium hydrogen phosphate 5-7%, brown sugar 1-2%, sepiolite powder 50-60%, remaining be weathered coal; Cortex Ailanthi is broken into powder with brown sugar mixing rolling, is placed in airtight container, at 90-100 DEG C, heat 30-40 minute, take out the rear cyhalofop-butyl of cooling, Chinese azalea, sepiolite powder, weathered coal, diammonium hydrogen phosphate mixing abrasive dust; When using, will become thoroughly decomposed animal wastes and nutrition fertilizer mix and spread fertilizer over the fields;

In step 2: seed treatment, before broadcasting, seed is placed in the thermostatted water of 55 ~ 60 DEG C and constantly stirs 15 minutes, pull out to be placed in clear water and soak seed 2 ~ 4 hours, light stranding to seed coat without mucus, after draining away the water, infiltrate thin dry ground and be sprinkling upon on preprepared seedbed, wrap with wet gauze, be placed in vernalization under 28 ~ 30 DEG C of conditions, morning and evening every day warm water is respectively washed once, and after 3,4, the seed of 60% shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally and can sow, before sowing, seed is shone 1 ~ 2 day, to improve germination rate and germination vigor;

In step 3:

One, transplant seedlings the time

Within after emerging 25 ~ 30 days, can transplant seedlings, transplant seedlings and can, with in the nutritive cube of Nutrition Soil, matrix also can be utilized to move in seedling-cultivating tray;

Two, the management after transplanting seedlings

The listing of management decision after transplanting seedlings eggplant sooner or later,

1), temperature, after transplanting seedlings in 3 ~ 5 days, keep 28 ~ 30 DEG C daytime, night 25 ~ 28 DEG C, afterwards, reduce gradually, to daytime 25 ~ 28 DEG C, night 18 ~ 20 DEG C, early white eggplant produces, seedling stage just locates winter, carry out protection against cold and freezing conditions work, keeps higher temperature of shed as far as possible, to field planting the last week, carry out practicing seedling, temperature drops to daytime 20 ~ 25 DEG C gradually, night 15 ~ 18 DEG C;

2), moisture, keep nursery soil humidity 65 ~ 70%, field planting combines the last week practices seedling, suitably reduces water content;

3), apply fertilizer, the seedbed of transplanting seedlings with Nutrition Soil does not generally need to topdress.Matrix is utilized to transplant seedlings, if seedling age was more than 30 days, will foliage spray; Seedling stage in early spring is long, and management expectancy is strict, low temperature and less sunshine, Drought in later stage and malnutrition that seedling is early stage, is the main cause forming malformed fruit and mummy.

In step 4: field planting and field management;

Seedling age 50-60 days gets final product field planting, generally in mid-June to early July, should adopt little;

Raised bed cultivate, ridge height 10-15 centimetre, row spacing 80-100 centimetre, plantation density is advisable with every mu of 2200-2400 strain, waters sufficient water in ditch, and water oozes rear cultivation seedling, spacing in the rows 30-35 centimetre, in field planting 1-2 days, noon will note sunshade, carries out once shallow intertillage after 3 days, waters 1 seedling recovering water after 7 days, often to keep the abundance of soil moisture, during each pouring, can by ammonium bicarbonate solubility in water, concentration is 0.2-0.3%;

Water management

Sufficient normal root water is watered in time after field planting, to before blooming after slow seedling, suitable control moisture hestening rooting, suitably increases field moisture to initial bloom stage after slow seedling, waters in time, keep canopy soil moistening, want ventilation after watering, prevent relative air humidity in canopy too high, full-bloom stage is to picking time simultaneously, water requirement increases, and keeps soil moisture 70 ~ 75%.

Temperature treatment seedling-slowing stage, keeps higher temperature as far as possible, requires 28 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C daytime, evening 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C.After slow seedling, daytime 28 ~ 30 DEG C, evening 15 DEG C ~ 18 DEG C, bloom the setting phase, daytime 28 ~ 32 DEG C, evening 15 DEG C ~ 18 DEG C, eggplant vegetative stage needs higher temperature, slow greatly lower than 15 DEG C of fruit Peng, lower than 10 DEG C of undergrowths.

Leaf is beaten in training should make fork in time for keeping early yield, generally leaves 3 ~ 4.Cut off Lao Ye, dredge go to bottom too much blade, to promote ventilation and penetrating light, reduce moisture evaporation, general each branch keeps 4 expanded leaves and leaf bud in the result portion of taking, stay inflorescence number, determine according to plant growing way and market conditions.Each inflorescence only stays a healthy flower, extracts unnecessary flower and mummy in time.

Flower and fruit protecting low temperature and less sunshine in early spring, easily causes fruit drop, therefore, must carry out flower and fruit protecting with the raw conditioning agent of plant.For preventing fungal disease, add bactericide, general formula is: 2,4-D20 is that 30PPM adds gibberellin 100 ~ 200PPM, can add the 50% Sukeling wettable powder that working concentration is 0.1% more simultaneously.

Removal of petal.After eggplant fruit is formed, grow up to when obviously exposing petal, timely removal of petal, when defloration lobe, sepal is stayed on fruit.

The extermination of disease and insect pest:

The policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control " should be followed, should based on cultural control, physical control, biological control, chemical control is auxiliary principle, uses chemical control to want strict implement spraying medicine concentration and safety interval.

To those skilled in the art, obviously the invention is not restricted to the details of above-mentioned one exemplary embodiment, and when not deviating from spirit of the present invention or essential characteristic, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter from which point, all should embodiment be regarded as exemplary, and be nonrestrictive, scope of the present invention is limited by claims instead of above-mentioned explanation, and all changes be therefore intended in the implication of the equivalency by dropping on claim and scope are included in the present invention.

The above; be only preferred embodiment of the present invention; not in order to limit the present invention, every above embodiment is done according to technical spirit of the present invention any trickle amendment, equivalently replace and improve, within the protection domain that all should be included in technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. an eggplant high-yield planting method, mainly comprises the following steps: step one, and kind, seedbed are selected and nutritive soil preparation: step 2: seed treatment; Step 3: seedbed management after transplanting seedlings; Step 4: field planting and field management; It is characterized in that:

Wherein in step one: Fruit variety: heat resistanceheat resistant and the strong middle-late ripening variety of disease resistance should be selected; Nutritive soil preparation: utilize nutritive cube to transplant seedlings, the preparation of Nutrition Soil will be carried out in advance, coordinate by vegetable garden soil and the farmyard manure 6:4 become thoroughly decomposed, or every 1m3 adds organic commercial fertilizer 1 ~ 1.5kg in vegetable garden soil, and in 1m3 composite soil, add 1.5kg superphosphate and 1kg potassium sulfate again, mix into Nutrition Soil thoroughly, transplant seedlings with seedling-cultivating tray, can directly to transplant seedlings by commodity matrix; Seedbed select: should select fertile, physical features is higher and irrigation and drainage sandy loam easily, mu execute become thoroughly decomposed animal wastes 50-60 kilogram, nutrition fertilizer 20-30 kilogram, nutrition fertilizer be made up of each component of following weight percentage: cyhalofop-butyl 1-2%, Chinese azalea 2-3%, Cortex Ailanthi 10-15%, diammonium hydrogen phosphate 5-7%, brown sugar 1-2%, sepiolite powder 50-60%, remaining be weathered coal; Cortex Ailanthi is broken into powder with brown sugar mixing rolling, is placed in airtight container, at 90-100 DEG C, heat 30-40 minute, take out the rear cyhalofop-butyl of cooling, Chinese azalea, sepiolite powder, weathered coal, diammonium hydrogen phosphate mixing abrasive dust; When using, will become thoroughly decomposed animal wastes and nutrition fertilizer mix and spread fertilizer over the fields;

In step 2: seed treatment, before broadcasting, seed is placed in the thermostatted water of 55 ~ 60 DEG C and constantly stirs 15 minutes, pull out to be placed in clear water and soak seed 2 ~ 4 hours, light stranding to seed coat without mucus, after draining away the water, infiltrate thin dry ground and be sprinkling upon on preprepared seedbed, wrap with wet gauze, be placed in vernalization under 28 ~ 30 DEG C of conditions, morning and evening every day warm water is respectively washed once, and after 3,4, the seed of 60% shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally and can sow, before sowing, seed is shone 1 ~ 2 day, to improve germination rate and germination vigor;

In step 3:

One, transplant seedlings the time

Within after emerging 25 ~ 30 days, can transplant seedlings, transplant seedlings and can, with in the nutritive cube of Nutrition Soil, matrix also can be utilized to move in seedling-cultivating tray;

Two, the management after transplanting seedlings

The listing of management decision after transplanting seedlings eggplant sooner or later,

1), temperature, after transplanting seedlings in 3 ~ 5 days, keep 28 ~ 30 DEG C daytime, night 25 ~ 28 DEG C, afterwards, reduce gradually, to daytime 25 ~ 28 DEG C, night 18 ~ 20 DEG C, early white eggplant produces, seedling stage just locates winter, carry out protection against cold and freezing conditions work, keeps higher temperature of shed as far as possible, to field planting the last week, carry out practicing seedling, temperature drops to daytime 20 ~ 25 DEG C gradually, night 15 ~ 18 DEG C;

2), moisture, keep nursery soil humidity 65 ~ 70%, field planting combines the last week practices seedling, suitably reduces water content;

3), apply fertilizer, the seedbed of transplanting seedlings with Nutrition Soil does not generally need to topdress.Matrix is utilized to transplant seedlings, if seedling age was more than 30 days, will foliage spray; Seedling stage in early spring is long, and management expectancy is strict, low temperature and less sunshine, Drought in later stage and malnutrition that seedling is early stage, is the main cause forming malformed fruit and mummy.

In step 4: field planting and field management;

1) within seedling age 50-60 days, get final product field planting, generally in mid-June to early July, should adopt little;

Raised bed cultivate, ridge height 10-15 centimetre, row spacing 80-100 centimetre, plantation density is advisable with every mu of 2200-2400 strain, waters sufficient water in ditch, and water oozes rear cultivation seedling, spacing in the rows 30-35 centimetre, in field planting 1-2 days, noon will note sunshade, carries out once shallow intertillage after 3 days, waters 1 seedling recovering water after 7 days, often to keep the abundance of soil moisture, during each pouring, can by ammonium bicarbonate solubility in water, concentration is 0.2-0.3%;

2) water management

Sufficient normal root water is watered in time after field planting, to before blooming after slow seedling, suitable control moisture hestening rooting, suitably increases field moisture to initial bloom stage after slow seedling, waters in time, keep canopy soil moistening, want ventilation after watering, prevent relative air humidity in canopy too high, full-bloom stage is to picking time simultaneously, water requirement increases, and keeps soil moisture 70 ~ 75%.

Temperature treatment seedling-slowing stage, keeps higher temperature as far as possible, requires 28 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C daytime, evening 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C.After slow seedling, daytime 28 ~ 30 DEG C, evening 15 DEG C ~ 18 DEG C, bloom the setting phase, daytime 28 ~ 32 DEG C, evening 15 DEG C ~ 18 DEG C, eggplant vegetative stage needs higher temperature, slow greatly lower than 15 DEG C of fruit Peng, lower than 10 DEG C of undergrowths.

3) extermination of disease and insect pest:

The policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control " should be followed, should based on cultural control, physical control, biological control, chemical control is auxiliary principle, uses chemical control to want strict implement spraying medicine concentration and safety interval.