CN104584725B - Arrange the Study on Fertilizing method of yellow earth vega - Google Patents
Arrange the Study on Fertilizing method of yellow earth vega Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to technical field of land improvement, be specifically related to a kind of Study on Fertilizing method of new arrangement yellow earth vega.The present invention executes improvement farm manure by base, arranges width, the alternate layout of narrow ridge, the narrow wide steps such as do not foster and apply fertilizer in conjunction with organic nutriment in a fertilizer in ridge, green manure is fostered and apply fertilizer, improving straw mulching is fostered and apply fertilizer, a kind of technology with low cost, that be prone to grasp is provided, the agricultural use of yellow earth and ripening are fostered and apply fertilizer and combines, do not affect the normal production of peasant, easily-learned easily mastered, easy to operate, it is truly realized land used and the organic unity increased soil fertility；The present invention altogether can complete soil-ripening for 3 years and foster and apply fertilizer work, and the production operation of period tobacco grower can proceed, it is ensured that the income that tobacco grower is certain.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of land improvement, be specifically related to a kind of Study on Fertilizing method of new arrangement yellow earth vega.
Background technology
Yellow earth is the zonal soil formed under moistening subtropical climate and bioclimatic condition, the soil texture is in the majority with loamy texture, permeability and nutrient supplying capability are all better, it is suitable for plantation flue-cured tobacco, China's cigarette district yellow earth distribution area is 15,000,000 hectares, it is distributed mainly on Sichuan, Guizhou etc. to economize, for the Major Tobacco Soils type of Southern Mountain Areas of China.But its topography and geomorphology is complicated, field degree of fragmentation is big, the gradient is big, arable land comparatively disperses; rock large percentage in arable land, part Rocky Desertification Region; arable land relative distribution, the feature that contiguous plant scale is not high, become the bottleneck of restriction mountain area Nicotiana tabacum L. implantation in large scale in flakes and do mechanization operation.In order to adapt to the production needs of Hills modern tobacco agriculture, big machinery engineering is adopted to carry out vega reducing the arrangement measures such as the gradient, the scattered plot of merger, prepartion of land, define larger area vega in flakes, and eliminate the exposed stone of field, eliminate earth steps, build terraced fields, add effective cultivated area, reached to improve the purpose of vega tillage condition and agro-ecological condition.But in arrangement process, occur in that and turn under table soil, subsoil turn over, the vega soil formed after above-mentioned arrangement measure, be called and newly arrange vega.
New arrangement vega in time, refers generally to the vega soil that after arranging, not the carrying out of 1～2 year is improved.New arrangement vega soil soil fertility factors is barren, there is the available nutrients such as organic and C/N value is relatively low, soil phosphorus deficiency potassium deficiency, soil microbial activities reduces, soil layer is thin, soil aggregate, water conservation fertilizer conservation and the phenomenon such as drought-resistant ability is poor, new arrangement vega soil fertility and the level of the productive forces are extremely low, greatly affect yield and the quality of Nicotiana tabacum L..
Cured tobacco production has many cultivation steps and method, as Chinese patent CN200810069035.5 discloses a kind of flue-cured tobacco concave double-ridge plastic mulching cultivation technology in the time of infertility, major function for catchmenting, water conservation and solution vega seasonal drought, but existing ridger ridging can not be used, artificial ridging must be used to add tobacco grower's workload；Chinese patent CN200910102852.0 discloses the method for an one-ridge double-row flue-cured tobacco dislocation cultivation, mainly for the raising quality of tobacco being, and prominent Nicotiana tabacum L. zoning characteristic, make full use of cigarette district land resource, and soil is not improved；Chinese patent CN101897252B discloses reservoir area of Three Gorges purple new earth of improving the soil and quickly thickens ageing method, improve mainly for purple soil, long-term cropping is conventional crop, very big difference is had with cured tobacco production, simultaneously flue-cured tobacco improvement of fostering and apply fertilizer needs to take into account quality of tobacco, vega is fostered and apply fertilizer needs excessive precipitation, excessive precipitation cause Nicotiana tabacum L. remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing, be difficult to baking and quality of tobacco is poor, vega improvement is especially desirable takes into account improvement of soil fertility and the collaborative lifting of tobacco production and value amount.
Summary of the invention
Yellow earth vega Problems existing is arranged for new, it is an object of the invention to provide the Study on Fertilizing method of a set of new arrangement yellow earth vega, this method can carry out while tobacco grower produces, do not affect tobacco grower normally to produce, within 3 years, foster and apply fertilizer, ensure that the income that tobacco grower is certain, it is achieved that land used and the organic unity increased soil fertility.
This invention address that the technical scheme of technical problem is achieved in that
Design a kind of Study on Fertilizing method of new arrangement yellow earth vega, the steps include:
(1) farm manure executed by base: uniformly spreading fertilizer over the fields farm manure new arrangement in vega, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 300～500kg/666.7m2, and plough under 0～20cm topsoil with rotary cultivator；
(2) ridging: after described farm manure base is executed and turned over 20～30 days, row replacement Nicotiana tabacum L. N, P2O5、K2O nutrients ratio is the compound fertilizer amount 45～55kg/666.7m of 8-12-252Ridging is carried out subsequently on bar sealing fertilizer basis, change the conventional tobacco grower tradition with 1.1 meters of equidistant ridgings, width, the alternate layout of narrow ridge are set, wide ridge line space is 120～130cm, and narrow ridge line space is 90～100cm, ridge body bottom width 50～60cm, high 25～30cm, laying plastic on the body of ridge, namely completes ridging；After completing ridging 20～30 days, tobacco seedlings is offered by spacing in the rows 55～60cm in peak, each row ridge and transplants hole, carry out transplanting tobacco seedlings simultaneously；
(3) foster and apply fertilizer in wide ridge: after ridging, implements to deep-cut deeply to peck to the soil of wide ridge furrow, makes final soil thickness reach 20～40cm；While deep-cutting and deeply pecking, by 250～300kg/666.7m in the furrow of wide ridge2Enrich farm manure, and make it turn over to bury；
(4) narrow ridge is fostered and apply fertilizer: for narrow ridge furrow, laterally erects the low bank of earth between fields being not less than 10～15cm at its two ends, makes narrow ridge form groove to collect rain water-retention, meanwhile, narrow ridge furrow covers the segment corn straw of 5～8cm, and overlay capacity is 200～300kg/666.7m2, and mixed in straw apply 20～30kg/666.7m2Ammonium hydrogen carbonate, 5～7kg/666.7m2Calcium superphosphate and 2～5kg/666.7m2Lime nitrogen, then on improving straw mulching thing, spread fertilizer over the fields a certain amount of soil, so that segment straw is not easily spread by wind, accelerate to rot simultaneously；
(5) green manure turns over and buries: remaining tobacco leaves gather after inside narrow ridge furrow interplanting green manure Smooth vetch, start to cradle up to during to 30 centimetres until its plant, turn over and bury or be covered in furrow, simultaneously mixed applying 10～20kg/666.7m2Ammonium hydrogen carbonate, 1～3kg/666.7m2Calcium superphosphate and 1～2kg/666.7m2Lime nitrogen, on furrow green manure, cover 0.5～1cm dwarf soil simultaneously；Repeat this step, Green manuring 2～3 batches；
(6) then after tobacco leaf picking, pull out tobacco rod, retain cigarette ridge；Before Second Year ridging, first the topsoil on former ridge is uniformly filled out and be layered in ditch, make furrow concordant；Then ridging, carries out furrow exchange, and the place on original ridge is become ditch, and originally the place of ditch becomes ridge, is sequentially carried out step (3), (4) and (5) in new furrow；
After within (7) the 3rd years, repeating step (6), when the Nicotiana tabacum L. on ridge is gathered in complete, pulling out tobacco rod, before next year plantation, uniformly filled out by the topsoil on ridge and be layered in ditch, make furrow concordant, the new yellow earth vega Study on Fertilizing that arranges completes.Other nursery, transplant, diseases prevention of watering, control worm and be conventional treatment.
Preferably, the described furrow of step (6) exchanges and plays new ridge for the mobile 40～50cm to the left or to the right of the centrage on original ridge, plays new ridge and is undertaken by step (2).
Preferably, described farm manure is made up of following steps:
(1) raw material of following weight portion it is equipped with: (without cigarette strain residuum) barnyard manure 300～500 parts, Semen Maydis or Radix Ipomoeae straw stalk 100～200 parts, 50～100 parts of crude opium, bentonite 20～50 parts, 10～20 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, rice husk biomass carbon 100～200 parts, ammonium humate 50～100 parts, broad spectrum insecticide-emamectin-benzoate 0.2～0.3 part, 5～10 parts of bacterium material, Borax 1～2 part, 2～3 parts of zinc sulfate and 2～3 parts of magnesium sulfate；
(2) moisture Control: add water mixing and stirring by above-mentioned raw materials, regulates water content to 60～70wt%, seals and namely obtains farm manure after becoming thoroughly decomposed, standby.
Preferably, described calcium magnesium phosphate is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: P2O514～12 parts, CaO25～30 part, SiO238～42 parts and MgO4～6 part.
Preferably, described ammonium humate is made up of following steps:
(1) take weathered coal raw material and adopt winnower selecting crude drugs with winnower, and the humic acids obtained after selecting crude drugs with winnower is sent into next process；
(2) step (1) gained humic acids being delivered to thermal agitation reactor, be simultaneously introduced ammonium hydrogen carbonate and water, the weight ratio of three is humic acids: ammonium hydrogen carbonate: water=1:0.8:1, keeps temperature of charge 60～80 DEG C to stir 1 hour；
(3) gained material in thermal agitation reactor is delivered to insulation aging bunker, when temperature is 28～40 DEG C, ageing through more than 3 days obtain water content be 25%, pH value be the ammonium humate of 8.0～11.0, being ground to fineness is 80～120 orders, obtains ammonium humate finished product.
Preferably, the content of organic matter >=70wt%, humic acids content (belonging to organic one) >=55wt%, calcium ions and magnesium ions content≤3wt% in described weathered coal.
Preferably, described bacterium material is made up of following steps: the biological bacterium solution prepared mixed homogeneously with the seedling medium of sterilizing, make the biological bacteria in seedling medium be not less than 30,000,000 strains/gram, control moisture at 45～55wt%, then banking up fermentation 8～10 days, artificial turning 1～2 time, to obtain final product every other day.
Preferably, described seedling medium is made up of the raw material of volumes below percentage ratio: the peat composed of rotten mosses 75%, perlite 15% and Vermiculitum 15%.
Preferably, described biological bacteria is the mixed bacteria in nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Streptomyces jingyangensis, cellulose-decomposing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, root nodule bacteria, ectotrophic mycorrhiza, yeast, silicate bacteria.
The positive beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) present invention provides a kind of technology with low cost, that be prone to grasp for newly arranging yellow earth vega Study on Fertilizing and Appropriate application, the agricultural use of yellow earth and ripening are fostered and apply fertilizer and combines, do not affect the normal production of peasant, easily-learned easily mastered, easy to operate, it is truly realized land used and the organic unity increased soil fertility；The present invention altogether can complete soil-ripening for 3 years and foster and apply fertilizer work, and the production operation of period tobacco grower can proceed, it is ensured that the income that tobacco grower is certain.
(2) ammonium humate that the present invention adds in fertilizer can increase soil functional group number, improves soil chemistry activity, biological activity and improves colloid protection and complex performance, being obviously improved soil physical and chemical property.Fertilizer provides nutrition for bacterium material microorganism, and soil microbe quantity and soil base respiration relatively compare and improve 15～20%, and the new yellow earth that arranges is had significant improved effect.Arrange the yellow earth vega major production areas characteristics of demand to trace element for new, supplement trace element targetedly；Meet the trace element of the required multiple available state of cigarette strain growth, it is possible to promote the balance of cigarette strain mineral nutrition.
(3) present invention distance between adjacent two ridges when vega ridging carries out the mode that Small Distance is staggered with big spacing, namely carries out width, narrow row plantation.The plantation of width of the present invention, narrow row and traditional vega to plant smoke density consistent, but contribute to cigarette group of hill body ventilation and penetrating light compared with the equidistant ridging adopted during with tradition vega ridging, improve tobacco leaf photosynthetic effect, thus improving yield and quality, and only carry out between wide row spacing when adopting cigarette, it is to avoid artificially adopt the damage in cigarette process, tobacco plant caused.Fostering and apply fertilizer in utilization, utilize in fostering and apply fertilizer, both are independent of each other.
(4) present invention have employed a large amount of agriculture waste straw in the feed, provides a kind of new way for re-using straw more, thus the present invention not only has significant economic benefit, and have significant social benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The ridging location drawing of Fig. 1 Study on Fertilizing method of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in more detail.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1 one kinds, for the new Study on Fertilizing method arranging yellow earth vega, the steps include:
(1) farm manure executed by base: uniformly spreading fertilizer over the fields farm manure new arrangement in vega, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 300kg/666.7m2, and plough under 0～20cm topsoil with rotary cultivator.
Described farm manure is made up of following steps:
It is equipped with the raw material of following weight portion: without the barnyard manure 300 parts of cigarette strain residuum, Semen Maydis or Radix Ipomoeae straw stalk 100 parts, 50 parts of crude opium, bentonite 20 parts, 10 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, rice husk biomass carbon 100 parts, ammonium humate 50 parts, broad spectrum insecticide-emamectin-benzoate 0.2 part, 5 parts of bacterium material, Borax 1 part, 2 parts of zinc sulfate and 2 parts of magnesium sulfate；Described calcium magnesium phosphate is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: P2O514 parts, CaO25 part, SiO242 parts and MgO4 part；Described bacterium material is made up of following steps: the biological bacterium solution prepared mixed homogeneously with the seedling medium of sterilizing, make the biological bacteria in seedling medium be not less than 30,000,000 strains/gram, control moisture at 45wt%, then bank up fermentation 8 days, artificial turning 2 times, to obtain final product every other day；Described seedling medium is made up of the raw material of volumes below percentage ratio: the peat composed of rotten mosses 75%, perlite 15% and Vermiculitum 15%.Described biological bacteria is that nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Streptomyces jingyangensis, cellulose-decomposing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, root nodule bacteria, ectotrophic mycorrhiza, yeast, silicate bacteria are with mixed in equal amounts；Described ammonium humate is made up of following steps:
(1) take weathered coal raw material (in described weathered coal the content of organic matter >=70wt%, humic acids content >=55wt%, calcium ions and magnesium ions content≤3wt%) and adopt winnower selecting crude drugs with winnower, and the humic acids obtained after selecting crude drugs with winnower is sent into next process；
(2) step (1) gained humic acids being delivered to thermal agitation reactor, be simultaneously introduced ammonium hydrogen carbonate and water, the weight ratio of three is humic acids: ammonium hydrogen carbonate: water=1:0.8:1, keeps temperature of charge 60～80 DEG C to stir 1 hour；
(3) gained material in thermal agitation reactor is delivered to insulation aging bunker, when temperature is 28～40 DEG C, ageing through more than 3 days obtain water content be 25%, pH value be the ammonium humate of 8.0～11.0, being ground to fineness is 80～120 orders, obtains ammonium humate finished product.
Moisture Control: add water mixing and stirring by above-mentioned raw materials, regulates water content to 60wt%, seals and namely obtains farm manure after becoming thoroughly decomposed, standby.
(2) ridging: after described farm manure base is executed and turned over 20 days, row replacement Nicotiana tabacum L. N, P2O5、K2O nutrients ratio is the compound fertilizer amount 45kg/666.7m of 8-12-252, on bar sealing fertilizer basis, carry out ridging subsequently, see Fig. 1, change the conventional tobacco grower tradition with 1.1 meters of equidistant ridgings, arranging width, the alternate layout of narrow ridge, wide ridge line space is 130cm, and narrow ridge line space is 90cm, ridge body bottom width 50cm, high 25cm, laying plastic on the body of ridge, namely complete ridging；After completing ridging 20 days, tobacco seedlings is offered by spacing in the rows 55cm in peak, each row ridge and transplants hole, carry out transplanting tobacco seedlings simultaneously.
(3) foster and apply fertilizer in wide ridge: after ridging, implements to deep-cut deeply to peck to the soil of wide ridge furrow, makes final soil thickness reach 30cm；While deep-cutting and deeply pecking, in the furrow of wide ridge, press 250kg/666.7m2Enrich farm manure, and make it turn over to bury.
(4) narrow ridge is fostered and apply fertilizer: for narrow ridge furrow, laterally erects the low bank of earth between fields being not less than 10cm at its two ends, makes narrow ridge form groove to collect rain water-retention, meanwhile, narrow ridge furrow covers the segment corn straw of 5～8cm, and overlay capacity is 200kg/666.7m2, and mixed in straw apply 20kg/666.7m2Ammonium hydrogen carbonate, 5kg/666.7m2Calcium superphosphate and 2kg/666.7m2Lime nitrogen, then on improving straw mulching thing, spread fertilizer over the fields a certain amount of soil, so that segment straw is not easily spread by wind, accelerate to rot simultaneously.
(5) green manure turns over and buries: remaining tobacco leaves gather after inside narrow ridge furrow interplanting green manure Smooth vetch, start to cradle up to during to 30 centimetres until its plant, turn over and bury or be covered in furrow, simultaneously mixed applying 10kg/666.7m2Ammonium hydrogen carbonate, 1kg/666.7m2Calcium superphosphate and 1kg/666.7m2Lime nitrogen, on furrow green manure, cover 0.5～1cm dwarf soil simultaneously；Repeat this step, Green manuring 2 batches.
(6) then after tobacco leaf picking, pull out tobacco rod, retain cigarette ridge；Before Second Year ridging, first the topsoil on former ridge is uniformly filled out and be layered in ditch, make furrow concordant；Then ridging, carry out furrow exchange, the place on original ridge is become ditch, originally the place of ditch becomes ridge, namely move 45cm to the left or to the right at the centrage on original ridge and play new ridge, play new ridge to be undertaken by step (2), in new furrow, be sequentially carried out step (3), (4) and (5), as shown in Figure 1.
After within (7) the 3rd years, repeating step (6), when the Nicotiana tabacum L. on ridge is gathered in complete, pulling out tobacco rod, before next year plantation, uniformly filled out by the topsoil on ridge and be layered in ditch, make furrow concordant, the new yellow earth vega Study on Fertilizing that arranges completes.Other nursery, transplant, diseases prevention of watering, control worm and be conventional treatment.
In Three Gorge Reservoir Region in Chongqing and Wuling mountain area, according to the present embodiment Study on Fertilizing method through multiple spot repeatedly, the field test of different microclimate conditions, the checking more than 3 years, each test area is all at 100666.7m2Above, and with traditional flue-cured tobacco cultivation pattern for comparison, mainly comparing result of the test with the equidistant traditional cultivation of single file, the present invention carries out ripening farming area in Zuogong in continuous 3 years, and trial zone yield of tobacco reaches 174.5 kilograms/666.7m2, 154.0 kilograms/666.7m of comparison2Adding 13.3%, the output value has reached 3781 yuan/666.7m23388 yuan relatively compareed add 11.6%, first-class cigarette ratio has reached 45.7%, 5.4 percentage points are added than the first-class cigarette ratio 40.3% of comparison, medium grade cigarette has reached 52.1%, 0.6 percentage point is added than comparison medium grade cigarette ratio 51.5%, inferior cigarette ratio 2.2%, reduce 6 percentage points than compareing inferior cigarette ratio 8.2%.Improvement vega can make 0～20cm soil organism increase by 0.1～0.13 percentage point, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen increases by 7～9mg/kg, and rapid available phosphorus increases by 3～4mg/kg.Compared with the control, every 666.7m2Net profit increases the economic benefit of about 300 yuan, and considerably improves soil fertility level, it will be apparent that adds the yield of Nicotiana tabacum L. and quality and economic well-being of workers and staff, provides basis for newly arranging the follow-up sustainable use of vega.
Embodiment 2 one kinds, for the new Study on Fertilizing method arranging yellow earth vega, the steps include:
(1) farm manure executed by base: uniformly spreading fertilizer over the fields farm manure new arrangement in vega, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 500kg/666.7m2, and plough under 0～20cm topsoil with rotary cultivator；
(2) ridging: after described farm manure base is executed and turned over 30 days, row replacement Nicotiana tabacum L. N, P2O5、K2O nutrients ratio is the compound fertilizer amount 55kg/666.7m of 8-12-252, on bar sealing fertilizer basis, carry out ridging subsequently, change the conventional tobacco grower tradition with 1.1 meters of equidistant ridgings, arranging width, the alternate layout of narrow ridge, wide ridge line space is 120cm, and narrow ridge line space is 100cm, ridge body bottom width 60cm, high 30cm, laying plastic on the body of ridge, namely complete ridging；After completing ridging 30 days, tobacco seedlings is offered by spacing in the rows 60cm in peak, each row ridge and transplants hole, carry out transplanting tobacco seedlings simultaneously；
(3) foster and apply fertilizer in wide ridge: after ridging, implements to deep-cut deeply to peck to the soil of wide ridge furrow, makes final soil thickness reach 50cm；While deep-cutting and deeply pecking, in the furrow of wide ridge, press 300kg/666.7m2Enrich farm manure, and make it turn over to bury；
(4) narrow ridge is fostered and apply fertilizer: for narrow ridge furrow, laterally erects the low bank of earth between fields being not less than 15cm at its two ends, makes narrow ridge form groove to collect rain water-retention, meanwhile, narrow ridge furrow covers the segment corn straw of 5～8cm, and overlay capacity is 300kg/666.7m2, and mixed in straw apply 30kg/666.7m2Ammonium hydrogen carbonate, 7kg/666.7m2Calcium superphosphate and 5kg/666.7m2Lime nitrogen, then on improving straw mulching thing, spread fertilizer over the fields a certain amount of soil, so that segment straw is not easily spread by wind, accelerate to rot simultaneously；
(5) green manure turns over and buries: remaining tobacco leaves gather after inside narrow ridge furrow interplanting green manure Smooth vetch, start to cradle up to during to 30 centimetres until its plant, turn over and bury or be covered in furrow, simultaneously mixed applying 20kg/666.7m2Ammonium hydrogen carbonate, 3kg/666.7m2Calcium superphosphate and 2kg/666.7m2Lime nitrogen, on furrow green manure, cover 0.5～1cm dwarf soil simultaneously；Repeat this step, Green manuring 3 batches；
(6) then after tobacco leaf picking, pull out tobacco rod, retain cigarette ridge；Before Second Year ridging, first the topsoil on former ridge is uniformly filled out and be layered in ditch, make furrow concordant；Then ridging, carries out furrow exchange, and the place on original ridge is become ditch, originally the place of ditch becomes ridge, namely move 50cm to the left or to the right at the centrage on original ridge and play new ridge, play new ridge and undertaken by step (2), in new furrow, be sequentially carried out step (3), (4) and (5)；
After within (7) the 3rd years, repeating step (6), when the Nicotiana tabacum L. on ridge is gathered in complete, pulling out tobacco rod, before next year plantation, uniformly filled out by the topsoil on ridge and be layered in ditch, make furrow concordant, the new yellow earth vega Study on Fertilizing that arranges completes.Other nursery, transplant, diseases prevention of watering, control worm and be conventional treatment.
Embodiment 3 one kinds, for the new Study on Fertilizing method arranging yellow earth vega, the steps include:
(1) farm manure executed by base: uniformly spreading fertilizer over the fields farm manure new arrangement in vega, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 500kg/666.7m2, and plough under 0～20cm topsoil with rotary cultivator.
Described farm manure is made up of following steps:
It is equipped with the raw material of following weight portion: without the barnyard manure 500 parts of cigarette strain residuum, Semen Maydis or Radix Ipomoeae straw stalk 200 parts, 100 parts of crude opium, bentonite 50 parts, 20 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, rice husk biomass carbon 200 parts, ammonium humate 100 parts, broad spectrum insecticide-emamectin-benzoate 0.3 part, 10 parts of bacterium material, Borax 2 parts, 3 parts of zinc sulfate and 3 parts of magnesium sulfate；Described calcium magnesium phosphate is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: P2O512 parts, CaO30 part, SiO238 parts and MgO6 part；Described bacterium material is made up of following steps: the biological bacterium solution prepared mixed homogeneously with the seedling medium of sterilizing, make the biological bacteria in seedling medium be not less than 30,000,000 strains/gram, control moisture at 55wt%, then bank up fermentation 10 days, artificial turning 1 time, to obtain final product every other day.Described seedling medium is made up of the raw material of volumes below percentage ratio: the peat composed of rotten mosses 75%, perlite 15% and Vermiculitum 15%.Described biological bacteria is that nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Streptomyces jingyangensis, cellulose-decomposing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, root nodule bacteria, ectotrophic mycorrhiza, yeast, silicate bacteria are with mixed in equal amounts；Described ammonium humate is made up of following steps:
(1) take weathered coal raw material (in described weathered coal the content of organic matter >=70wt%, humic acids content >=55wt%, calcium ions and magnesium ions content≤3wt%) and adopt winnower selecting crude drugs with winnower, and the humic acids obtained after selecting crude drugs with winnower is sent into next process；
(2) step (1) gained humic acids being delivered to thermal agitation reactor, be simultaneously introduced ammonium hydrogen carbonate and water, the weight ratio of three is humic acids: ammonium hydrogen carbonate: water=1:0.8:1, keeps temperature of charge 60～80 DEG C to stir 1 hour；
(3) gained material in thermal agitation reactor is delivered to insulation aging bunker, when temperature is 28～40 DEG C, ageing through more than 3 days obtain water content be 25%, pH value be the ammonium humate of 8.0～11.0, being ground to fineness is 80～120 orders, obtains ammonium humate finished product.
Moisture Control: add water mixing and stirring by above-mentioned raw materials, regulates water content to 70wt%, seals and namely obtains farm manure after becoming thoroughly decomposed, standby.
(2) ridging: after described farm manure base is executed and turned over 30 days, row replacement Nicotiana tabacum L. N, P2O5、K2O nutrients ratio is the compound fertilizer amount 55kg/666.7m of 8-12-252, on bar sealing fertilizer basis, carry out ridging subsequently, change the conventional tobacco grower tradition with 1.1 meters of equidistant ridgings, arranging width, the alternate layout of narrow ridge, wide ridge line space is 120cm, and narrow ridge line space is 100cm, ridge body bottom width 60cm, high 30cm, laying plastic on the body of ridge, namely complete ridging；After completing ridging 30 days, tobacco seedlings is offered by spacing in the rows 60cm in peak, each row ridge and transplants hole, carry out transplanting tobacco seedlings simultaneously.
(3) foster and apply fertilizer in wide ridge: after ridging, implements to deep-cut deeply to peck to the soil of wide ridge furrow, makes final soil thickness reach 50cm；While deep-cutting and deeply pecking, in the furrow of wide ridge, press 300kg/666.7m2Enrich farm manure, and make it turn over to bury.
(4) narrow ridge is fostered and apply fertilizer: for narrow ridge furrow, laterally erects the low bank of earth between fields being not less than 15cm at its two ends, makes narrow ridge form groove to collect rain water-retention, meanwhile, narrow ridge furrow covers the segment corn straw of 5～8cm, and overlay capacity is 300kg/666.7m2, and mixed in straw apply 30kg/666.7m2Ammonium hydrogen carbonate, 7kg/666.7m2Calcium superphosphate and 5kg/666.7m2Lime nitrogen, then on improving straw mulching thing, spread fertilizer over the fields a certain amount of soil, so that segment straw is not easily spread by wind, accelerate to rot simultaneously.
(5) green manure turns over and buries: remaining tobacco leaves gather after inside narrow ridge furrow interplanting green manure Smooth vetch, start to cradle up to during to 30 centimetres until its plant, turn over and bury or be covered in furrow, simultaneously mixed applying 20kg/666.7m2Ammonium hydrogen carbonate, 3kg/666.7m2Calcium superphosphate and 2kg/666.7m2Lime nitrogen, on furrow green manure, cover 0.5～1cm dwarf soil simultaneously；Repeat this step, Green manuring 3 batches.
(6) then after tobacco leaf picking, pull out tobacco rod, retain cigarette ridge；Before Second Year ridging, first the topsoil on former ridge is uniformly filled out and be layered in ditch, make furrow concordant；Then ridging, carries out furrow exchange, and the place on original ridge is become ditch, originally the place of ditch becomes ridge, namely move 50cm to the left or to the right at the centrage on original ridge and play new ridge, play new ridge and undertaken by step (2), in new furrow, be sequentially carried out step (3), (4) and (5).
After within (7) the 3rd years, repeating step (6), when the Nicotiana tabacum L. on ridge is gathered in complete, pulling out tobacco rod, before next year plantation, uniformly filled out by the topsoil on ridge and be layered in ditch, make furrow concordant, the new yellow earth vega Study on Fertilizing that arranges completes.Other nursery, transplant, diseases prevention of watering, control worm and be conventional treatment.
The invention is not limited in above-mentioned detailed description of the invention, those skilled in the art also can make multiple change accordingly, but any change equivalent or similar with the present invention all should be contained within the scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. the Study on Fertilizing method arranging yellow earth vega, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) farm manure executed by base: uniformly spreading fertilizer over the fields farm manure new arrangement in vega, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 300～500kg/666.7m2, and plough under 0～20cm topsoil with rotary cultivator；
(2) ridging: after described farm manure base is executed and turned over 20～30 days, row replacement Nicotiana tabacum L. N, P2O5、K2O nutrients ratio is the compound fertilizer amount 45～55kg/666.7m of 8-12-252, on bar sealing fertilizer basis, carrying out ridging subsequently, width, the alternate layout of narrow ridge are set, wide ridge line space is 120～130cm, and narrow ridge line space is 90～100cm, ridge body bottom width 50～60cm, high 25～30cm, and namely laying plastic on the body of ridge completes ridging；After completing ridging 20～30 days, tobacco seedlings is offered by spacing in the rows 55～60cm in peak, each row ridge and transplants hole, carry out transplanting tobacco seedlings simultaneously；
(3) foster and apply fertilizer in wide ridge: after ridging, implements to deep-cut deeply to peck to the soil of wide ridge furrow, makes final soil thickness reach 20～40cm；While deep-cutting and deeply pecking, by 250～300kg/666.7m in the furrow of wide ridge2Enrich farm manure, and make it turn over to bury；
(4) narrow ridge is fostered and apply fertilizer: for narrow ridge furrow, laterally erects the low bank of earth between fields being not less than 10～15cm at its two ends, makes narrow ridge form groove to collect rain water-retention, meanwhile, narrow ridge furrow covers the segment corn straw of 5～8cm, and overlay capacity is 200～300kg/666.7m2, and mixed in straw apply 20～30kg/666.7m2Ammonium hydrogen carbonate, 5～7kg/666.7m2Calcium superphosphate and 2～5kg/666.7m2Lime nitrogen, then on improving straw mulching thing, spread fertilizer over the fields a certain amount of soil, so that segment straw is not easily spread by wind, accelerate to rot simultaneously；
(5) green manure turns over and buries: remaining tobacco leaves gather after inside narrow ridge furrow interplanting green manure Smooth vetch, start to cradle up to during to 30 centimetres until its plant, turn over and bury or be covered in furrow, simultaneously mixed applying 10～20kg/666.7m2Ammonium hydrogen carbonate, 1～3kg/666.7m2Calcium superphosphate and 1～2kg/666.7m2Lime nitrogen, on furrow green manure, cover 0.5～1cm dwarf soil simultaneously；Repeat this step, Green manuring 2～3 batches；
(6) then after tobacco leaf picking, pull out tobacco rod, retain cigarette ridge；Before Second Year ridging, first the topsoil on former ridge is uniformly filled out and be layered in ditch, make furrow concordant；Then ridging, carries out furrow exchange, and the place on original ridge is become ditch, and originally the place of ditch becomes ridge, is sequentially carried out step (3), (4) and (5) in new furrow；
After within (7) the 3rd years, repeating step (6), when the Nicotiana tabacum L. on ridge is gathered in complete, pulling out tobacco rod, before next year plantation, uniformly filled out by the topsoil on ridge and be layered in ditch, make furrow concordant, the new yellow earth vega Study on Fertilizing that arranges completes.
2. arrange the Study on Fertilizing method of yellow earth vega according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the described furrow of step (6) exchanges as the centrage on original ridge mobile 40～50cm to the left or to the right is risen new ridge, plays new ridge and is undertaken by step (2).
3. arrange the Study on Fertilizing method of yellow earth vega according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described farm manure is made up of following steps:
(1) raw material of following weight portion it is equipped with: barnyard manure 300～500 parts, Semen Maydis or Radix Ipomoeae straw stalk 100～200 parts, 50～100 parts of crude opium, bentonite 20～50 parts, 10～20 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, rice husk biomass carbon 100～200 parts, ammonium humate 50～100 parts, broad spectrum insecticide-emamectin-benzoate 0.2～0.3 part, 5～10 parts of bacterium material, Borax 1～2 part, 2～3 parts of zinc sulfate and 2～3 parts of magnesium sulfate；
(2) moisture Control: add water mixing and stirring by above-mentioned raw materials, regulates water content to 60～70wt%, seals and namely obtains farm manure after becoming thoroughly decomposed, standby.
4. arrange the Study on Fertilizing method of yellow earth vega according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: without cigarette strain residuum in described barnyard manure.
5. arrange the Study on Fertilizing method of yellow earth vega according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: described calcium magnesium phosphate is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: P2O514～12 parts, CaO25～30 part, SiO238～42 parts and MgO4～6 part.
6. arrange the Study on Fertilizing method of yellow earth vega according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: described ammonium humate is made up of following steps:
(1) take weathered coal raw material and adopt winnower selecting crude drugs with winnower, and the humic acids obtained after selecting crude drugs with winnower is sent into next process；
(2) step (1) gained humic acids being delivered to thermal agitation reactor, be simultaneously introduced ammonium hydrogen carbonate and water, the weight ratio of three is humic acids: ammonium hydrogen carbonate: water=1:0.8:1, keeps temperature of charge 60～80 DEG C to stir 1 hour；
(3) gained material in thermal agitation reactor is delivered to insulation aging bunker, when temperature is 28～40 DEG C, ageing through more than 3 days obtain water content be 25%, pH value be the ammonium humate of 8.0～11.0, being ground to fineness is 80～120 orders, obtains ammonium humate finished product.
7. arrange the Study on Fertilizing method of yellow earth vega according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the content of organic matter >=70wt%, humic acids content >=55wt%, calcium ions and magnesium ions content≤3wt% in described weathered coal.
8. arrange the Study on Fertilizing method of yellow earth vega according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described bacterium material is made up of following steps: the biological bacterium solution prepared is mixed homogeneously with the seedling medium of sterilizing, make the biological bacteria in seedling medium be not less than 30,000,000 strains/gram, control moisture at 45～55wt%, then bank up fermentation 8～10 days, artificial turning 1～2 time, to obtain final product every other day.
9. arrange the Study on Fertilizing method of yellow earth vega according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: described seedling medium is made up of the raw material of volumes below percentage ratio: the peat composed of rotten mosses 75%, perlite 15% and Vermiculitum 15%.
10. arrange the Study on Fertilizing method of yellow earth vega according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: described biological bacteria is the mixed bacteria of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Streptomyces jingyangensis, cellulose-decomposing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, root nodule bacteria, ectotrophic mycorrhiza, yeast, silicate bacteria.
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| CN104823586B (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2017-10-27 | 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 | A kind of promotion big gold dollar tobacco leaf of safflower falls the ripe ecological fertilization method of Huang Cheng |
| CN105359794B (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2018-03-02 | 中国烟草总公司重庆市公司酉阳分公司 | A kind of method using winter slack overlay film cigarette ridge green manuring |
| CN106631257A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-05-10 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Special transplanting medium formula for Yunnan cigarettes 87 of flue-cured tobacco variety |
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| CN107896899B (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2020-11-03 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Fertilizing method capable of effectively improving low-magnesium stress in middle and later periods of flue-cured tobacco |
| CN107896795A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-04-13 | 钟山县德福农产品有限公司 | The method of the organic Green manuring citrus of ecology |
| CN108329146A (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2018-07-27 | 湖南农业大学 | One grows tobacco time of infertility phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN109679662A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-04-26 | 北京嘉博文生物科技有限公司 | A kind of modifying agent and modification method suitable for different soil fertility horizontal soil earth |
| CN109588251A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-04-09 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | One kind cools cigarette district Hairy vetch relay interplanting planting and cropland application method |
| CN110041941B (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2021-04-23 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Soil conditioner for fast curing of semi-crude soil and method for fast curing of semi-crude soil |
| CN111972240B (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2022-07-15 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Flue-cured tobacco ridge film furrow cultivation rainwater collection planting method |
| CN112931069A (en) * | 2021-02-10 | 2021-06-11 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Soil fertility improvement method for furrow interchange grain and grass interaction |
| CN113079994B (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2023-03-21 | 湖北省烟草科学研究院 | Alternate ditching and deep turning ridge planting crop cultivation method |
| CN113711725A (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2021-11-30 | 中国农业大学 | Method for year-round water accumulation and soil moisture preservation in semiarid windy sand area |
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| JPS5362602A (en) * | 1976-11-12 | 1978-06-05 | Hinode Kagaku Kogyo | Rearing method for young plant |
| CN101107909A (en) * | 2007-08-21 | 2008-01-23 | 兰州大学 | Furrow drilling cultural technique of corps |
| CN101849471A (en) * | 2010-06-07 | 2010-10-06 | 云南省烟草公司普洱市公司 | Fertilizing method in flue-cured tobacco production |
| CN103782788A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-05-14 | 湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司 | Double-row concave type combined ridge tobacco transplant method |
| CN104232098A (en) * | 2014-08-04 | 2014-12-24 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | Method for improving quality of flue-cured tobacco in red soil |
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