CN105359794B - A kind of method using winter slack overlay film cigarette ridge green manuring - Google Patents
A kind of method using winter slack overlay film cigarette ridge green manuring Download PDFInfo
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- CN105359794B CN105359794B CN201510789710.1A CN201510789710A CN105359794B CN 105359794 B CN105359794 B CN 105359794B CN 201510789710 A CN201510789710 A CN 201510789710A CN 105359794 B CN105359794 B CN 105359794B
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- tobacco
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- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000009332 manuring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241001290610 Abildgaardia Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000006008 Brassica napus var napus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007115 recruitment Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 201000002451 Overnutrition Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020823 overnutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011293 Brassica napus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000017020 Ipomoea batatas Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002678 Ipomoea batatas Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000209082 Lolium Species 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001002356 Valeriana edulis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021432 inorganic complex Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method using winter slack overlay film cigarette ridge green manuring, belong to tobacco planting technical field.This method comprises the following steps：（1）, First Year March basal dressing, ridging and cover mulch film in cigarette, and routinely progress carries out spacing transplanting and field management, whole process do not take off film；（2）, First Year September part tobacco harvesting terminate after, remove the remaining cigarette strain on cigarette ridge, in the parallel punching in overlay film Yan Long ridges body both sides, punching depth is 13 ~ 16cm, apart 0.2m between two holes of phase the same side, rape seed is planted in each hole；（3）, at the end of next year treats rape flower bud a kind of sedge phase, remove mulch film and simultaneously turn over rape using rotary cultivator, it is embedded in soil 2 ~ 3 months, then plant tobacco again, shifting cultivation is so repeated.The present invention can avoid rape early blossoming phenomenon, save labour and recruitment cost, improved soil fertility, improve vega crop rotation efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Green manuring technology on cigarette ground, is that one kind utilizes winter slack overlay film cigarette ridge green manuring specifically
Method.
Background technology
It is long-term largely to cause soil plate using chemical fertilizer, irrational crop rotation etc. with developing rapidly for Flue-cured Tobacco in China production
Knot, acidifying, soil nutrient is unbalance, and soil fertility declines year by year, and soil-borne disease aggravates.Green manure is a kind of completely high-quality life of nutrient
The thing source of manure, nutrient, improved soil needed for crops are being provided, improve farmland ecological environment and preventing the side such as the soil erosion and pollution
Face plays the role of good.Green manure place into the soil after by decomposition and mineralising, provide a large amount of nitrogen for this season crop or crop of lower season
Element and various nutrient elements, to promote the growth and development of crops, while substantial amounts of fresh organic matter is directly provided for soil
Matter, the soil organism is updated and is accumulated, form soil organic-inorganic complex, improve Soil Fertility Factors, so as to
Increase soil fertility, green manure turns over and can also be obviously promoted cigarette strain and grow, and improves crop field economical character, can significantly improve flue-cured tobacco
Economic characters.Therefore green manuring is to improve vega soil, promote the important measures of vega increasing both production and income.
Green manuring method plays an important roll to green manure effect, is carried out for this many scholar in Green manuring method
It is a large amount of to explore and research, Publication No. CN102907242A patent document disclose " in a kind of smoke hallway plantation in advance and
The method for turning over green manure ", it adopts roasting season in vega, the green manure seed broadcasting of screening is interplanted in vega, by using mistake
Calcium phosphate, urea etc., promote green manure growth, combine winter ploughing progress green manure January in December to next year then and turn over.Publication No.
CN102318480A patent document discloses a kind of " mixed seeding green manure dressing method for tobacco field ", and it passes through mixed seeding rye grass and sweet potato
Green manuring, increase available nutrient content, bacteria total amount etc. in vega soil.Publication No. CN102696381A patent document discloses
" a kind of alternating method for improving quality of tobacco ", it uses flue-cured tobacco-green manure-sweet potato-rotation implantation methods of green manure-flue-cured tobacco 2 years,
Vega crop rotation efficiency can be improved, improves vega physicochemical character, increases soil fertility, reduces vega pest and disease damage, improves tobacco leaf product
Matter, Publication No. CN102919038A patent document disclose " a kind of method for improving continuous cropping yield of flue-cured tobacco and quality ", should
Method uses decomposing agent when turning over green manure in spring, using microorganism fertilizer is applied during base manure, improves tobacco leaf outward appearance and interior quality,
Publication No. CN103733833A patent document discloses " a kind of alternating method for improving cigarette land output value ", and it is used repeatedly
The alternating method of cigarette-rape-sweet potato-green manure-cigarette improves cigarette land output value, suitable for Southwest tobacco-growing areas tobacco planting.
Prior art is analyzed, it can be found that most literature too improves biomass when green manure turns over, this is easily reduced green
Fertile own growth causes overnutrition, and due to pursuing high-biomass, many researchs only focus on to the improving effect of soil
Biomass how is improved, biomass is not in optimized selection；The time of green manuring focuses mostly in August to December, this
Period temperature gradually reduces, and easily causes green manure early blossoming, is unfavorable for the growth of green manure nutrition organs, decomposition and ore deposit after turning over
Change is not thorough, the time is longer, the big heavy discount of effective biomass for improved soil.
The content of the invention
For deficiencies of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of using winter slack overlay film cigarette ridge green manuring
Method.
To realize above-mentioned technical purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
A kind of method using winter slack overlay film cigarette ridge green manuring, comprise the following steps：
（1）, First Year March basal dressing, ridging and cover mulch film in cigarette, and routinely progress carries out spacing transplanting
And field management, whole process do not take off film；
（2）, First Year September part tobacco harvesting terminate after, remove the remaining cigarette strain on cigarette ridge, the body two on overlay film Yan Long ridges
The parallel punching in side, punching depth are 13 ~ 16cm, and at a distance of 0.2m between two holes of phase the same side, rape is planted in each hole
Seed；
（3）, at the end of next year treats rape flower bud a kind of sedge phase, remove mulch film, and turn over rape using rotary cultivator, it is embedded in soil
Interior 2 ~ 3 months, tobacco was then planted again, shifting cultivation is so repeated.
Further limit, step（1）Described in base manure symmetrically impose on cigarette strain row both sides and carry out double row replacements, both sides base manure spacing
10~12cm。
Further limit, step（1）Ridge body 1.1 ~ 1.2m of line-spacing, the high 25 ~ 30cm in ridge.
Further limit, step（2）In only plant 2 rape seeds in each hole.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the advantages that：
1st, because mulch film is covered in tobacco seedlings plantation and always on the body of ridge before rape does not turn over, this to tobacco seedlings and
For growth of rape, soil heat preservation, soil moisture conservation are advantageous to, can effectively prevent and treat pest and disease damage and weeds, promotes plant growth
Development, improving economic flow rate, particularly rape can make full use of mulch film heat and moisture preserving to act in growth course, promote rape
Nutrition organs is fully grown, and improves resistant function of the rape to low temperature in growth period, and early blossoming phenomenon is clearly better, rape battalion
Foster organ especially well developed root system, soil fertility is lifted by rape own growth.
2nd, due to treating that rape removes mulch film at the end of flower bud a kind of sedge phase, and using rotary cultivator turn over rape be embedded in 2 in soil ~
3 months, this ensured that rape is fresh and tender, there is enough decompositions and mineralising time, if not removing mulch film, was not only easily reduced organic matter
Expect the residue rate of decay in soil, reduce soil productivity and enzymatic activity.
3rd, base manure carries out the regularity of distribution that double row replacements more conform to tobacco root in cigarette strain row both sides, and the control of base manure spacing exists
Distributions of the 10 ~ 12cm with root system in soil matches so that root system promotes cigarette to greatest extent to the utilization rate highest of fertilizer
Grass growth, and because after using double row replacements, the position of original cigarette strain plantation does not interfere with the position of rapeseed cultivation, this can be with
Save the labor cost for removing remaining cigarette strain.
Without being turned over to planted tobacco soils when the 4th, removing remaining cigarette strain, but carry out in the lump when next year, rape turned over,
Cost of labor has not only been saved, and has not interfered with mulch film to avoiding rape that effect caused by early blossoming phenomenon occurs.
5th, 1.1 ~ 1.2m of ridge body line-spacing, punching spacing 0.2m defines that the rape seed of unit area sows quantity, when every
When two seeds are planted in individual hole, about 4500 plants of rape, about 4000 kilograms of biomass, by for many years can be grown every mu of cigarette
Plantation experience and summary, the rapeseed cultivation amount under this unit area enough nutrients can be provided for crop of lower season, promote
Crop growth and development；If grown per area rape is excessive, overnutrition can be caused, cost of idleness, plantation is very few again
It can not ensure to provide enough nutrients for crop of lower season.
Embodiment
In order that the present invention may be better understood in those skilled in the art, below by embodiment to the technology of the present invention
Scheme is described further.
Applicant employs following one kind for the tobacco planting situation of Chongqing City Youyang County and utilizes winter slack overlay film cigarette ridge kind
The method of green manure is planted, is comprised the following steps：
1. the March of First Year, with ridge body line-spacing 1.1m, spacing 10cm symmetrically carries out the double row replacements of base manure in cigarette strain row both sides,
Then ridge ridging, the high 25cm in ridge are carried, and covers mulch film in good time, routinely progress carries out cigarette referring next to flue-cured tobacco technology producting rule
Seedling spacing is transplanted and field management, whole process do not take off film so that soil heat preservation, soil moisture conservation, promotes seedling growth and development；The ridge
Body line-spacing can determine according to soil fertility.
2. in September part last ten-days period of First Year, after tobacco harvesting, the remaining cigarette strain on cigarette ridge is removed, in overlay film Yan Long ridges body
The parallel punching in both sides, punching depth are 15cm, and at a distance of 0.2m between two holes of phase the same side, 2 oil are planted in each hole
Colza, now mulch film is still covered on cigarette ridge；
At the end of 3. Second Year treats rape flower bud a kind of sedge phase, when removing mulch film, and rape turned over using rotary cultivator（January in the coming year
Left and right）, remove mulch film residue（It is avoided to influence green manure decomposition and mineralising）, and rape is turned over using rotary cultivator, it is embedded in soil
2 ~ 3 months in earth, it is ensured that rape has time enough to carry out decomposition and mineralising, finally plants tobacco again, is so repeated
Shifting cultivation.
A kind of method using winter slack overlay film cigarette ridge green manuring provided by the invention is described in detail above.Tool
The explanation of body embodiment is only intended to help the method and its core concept for understanding the present invention.It should be pointed out that led for this technology
For the those of ordinary skill in domain, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also to the present invention carry out it is some improvement and
Modification, these are improved and modification is also fallen into the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.
Claims (4)
- A kind of 1. method using winter slack overlay film cigarette ridge green manuring, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：（1）, First Year March basal dressing, ridging and cover mulch film in cigarette, and routinely progress carries out spacing transplanting and big Field manages, and whole process does not take off film；（2）, First Year September part tobacco harvesting terminate after, remove the remaining cigarette strain on cigarette ridge, put down in overlay film Yan Long ridges body both sides Row punching, punching depth is 13 ~ 16cm, apart 0.2m between two holes of phase the same side, rape seed is planted in each hole；（3）, at the end of next year treats rape flower bud a kind of sedge phase, remove mulch film and simultaneously turn over rape using rotary cultivator, it is embedded in 2 ~ 3 in soil Individual month, tobacco was then planted again, shifting cultivation is so repeated.
- 2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that step（1）Described in base manure symmetrically impose on cigarette strain row both sides Carry out double row replacements, both sides 10 ~ 12cm of base manure spacing.
- 3. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that step（1）Ridge body 1.1 ~ 1.2m of line-spacing, the high 25 ~ 30cm in ridge.
- 4. according to the method described in claim any one of 1-3, it is characterised in that step（2）In only plant 2 oil in each hole Colza.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510789710.1A CN105359794B (en) | 2015-11-17 | 2015-11-17 | A kind of method using winter slack overlay film cigarette ridge green manuring |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510789710.1A CN105359794B (en) | 2015-11-17 | 2015-11-17 | A kind of method using winter slack overlay film cigarette ridge green manuring |
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| CN105359794A CN105359794A (en) | 2016-03-02 |
| CN105359794B true CN105359794B (en) | 2018-03-02 |
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| CN201510789710.1A Expired - Fee Related CN105359794B (en) | 2015-11-17 | 2015-11-17 | A kind of method using winter slack overlay film cigarette ridge green manuring |
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| CN105960972A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-09-28 | 安徽皖西生物科技有限公司 | Method for interplanting hickory nut and red sage root |
| CN107371780B (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2020-03-17 | 中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院 | Green protection early planting method for tobacco seedlings |
| CN107926583A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-04-20 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of method that Flue-cured tobacco Quality is improved by crop rotation |
| CN108770436A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-11-09 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | A kind of implantation methods and green manure seeding apparatus improving flue-cured tobacco green manure sowing survival rate |
| CN111226728A (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2020-06-05 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Tobacco-rape double-cropping efficient planting method in northern cold-cold tobacco area |
| CN111226731A (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2020-06-05 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Optimized irrigation one-year-two-harvest planting method for tobacco and oilseed rape in southwest tobacco area |
| CN111226729A (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2020-06-05 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Tobacco-rape self-flow irrigation double-cropping planting method in southwest tobacco area |
| CN112655499A (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-04-16 | 长江师范学院 | Efficient planting method for hot pickled mustard tuber |
| CN114410729B (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2023-09-12 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Green manure screening method for preventing and controlling occurrence of tobacco bacterial wilt |
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