CN104522355A - High-efficiency eco-friendly puffed forage for 3D culture of tilapia and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-efficiency eco-friendly puffed forage for 3D culture of tilapia and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104522355A CN104522355A CN201410740157.8A CN201410740157A CN104522355A CN 104522355 A CN104522355 A CN 104522355A CN 201410740157 A CN201410740157 A CN 201410740157A CN 104522355 A CN104522355 A CN 104522355A
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Abstract
The invention discloses high-efficiency eco-friendly puffed forage for 3D culture of tilapia and a preparation method thereof. Fish meal, housefly larvae powder, mycoprotein, peanut meal, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, cotton meal, wheat, rice bran, DDGS, soya lecithin, soya-bean oil, choline chloride, an acidifying agent and calcium dihydrogen phosphate are mixed with multi-vitamin and a composite mineral salt according to a certain ratio so that the puffed forage is prepared. The high-efficiency eco-friendly puffed forage solves the problem that the existing tilapia mixed forage cannot satisfy physiological and nutrient requirements in tilapia 3D cultivation. The preparation method solves the problems of the original tilapia forage blending technology.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of aquaculture feedstuff, particularly a kind of three-dimensional culture Tilapia mossambica efficient and environment-friendly type expanded pellet diet and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Tilapia mossambica belongs to Perciformes, for originating in the tropic fishes in Africa, can survive, this kind is large with output, dressing percentage is high in salt-fresh water, be easy to cultivate and delicious meat, do not have the features such as intercostal thorn and become rapidly the upstart of aquaculture industry.In view of it belongs to tropic fishes, Tilapia mossambica not only throughout Guangdong, Guangxi, the province, subtropical zone such as Fujian and Hainan salt-fresh water region, even, also there is certain freshwater aquiculture market on ground.Tilapia mossambica cultivation is based on three-dimensional culture pattern, and Tilapia mossambica three-dimensional culture is on fish pond, cultivate chicken and duck pig, starts to feed intake when body size reaches 150-200 gram.Three-dimensional culture cost is low, and the utilization of resources is abundant, and culture benefit is good.Within 2013, statistics shows, the output of China three-dimensional culture pattern Tilapia mossambica accounts for 50% of total amount.And along with the continuous pursuit to output and the speed of growth, three-dimensional culture Tilapia mossambica often there will be water environment severe exacerbation, water quality is wayward, the sick great outburst of Tilapia mossambica etc. problem, to the disease of bringing on a disaster property of Tilapia mossambica cultivation.Although relevant cultivating tilapia research is more in recent years, but the tera incognita that three-dimensional culture research one is relatively brand-new.Aquaculture model is different and can cause the physiological function of fish and the change of nutritional need.Original tilapia feed preparation technique is the demand that can not meet Tilapia mossambica healthy aquaculture under this condition.If use can cause, cultured output is low, the serious consequence such as disruption of ecological balance of cultivation poor quality and Cultivated water, finally affects the market competitiveness and the sustainable development of Tilapia mossambica.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the problem that cannot meet demand in the physiology of Tilapia mossambica in three-dimensional culture and nutrition in order to solve existing compound feed of tilapia, make up the deficiency that original tilapia feed compounding technique exists, and provide a kind of three-dimensional culture Tilapia mossambica efficient and environment-friendly type expanded pellet diet and preparation method thereof.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
A kind of three-dimensional culture Tilapia mossambica efficient and environment-friendly type expanded pellet diet is made up of the raw material of following percentage by weight:
Wherein, in the every 1kg of composite mineral salt, each component and quality thereof are: manganese sulfate 20g, ferrous sulfate 100g, copper sulphate 20g, zinc sulfate 100g, sodium selenite 3g, cobaltous dichloride 2g, magnesium sulfate 1g, salt 300, zeolite powder 454g;
In the every 1kg of compound vitamin, each component and quality thereof are: the vitamin D 310g of the vitamin A 20g of 200,000 IU/g, 400,000 IU/g, vitamin E 30g, vitamin K 320g, vitamin B1 5g, vitamin B2 5g, calcium pantothenate 10g, biotin 2g, folic acid 5g, vitamin B12 5g, nicotinic acid 20g, vitamin B6 5g, vitamin C 300g, inositol 50g, defatted rice bran 513g.
In formula, the preferred weight ratio of each raw material is:
Present invention also offers a kind of preparation method of three-dimensional culture Tilapia mossambica efficient and environment-friendly type expanded pellet diet, it is characterized in that, in accordance with the following steps:
(1) first each component is accurately taken according to formula table;
(2) respectively component (as wheat etc.) larger for particle is pulverized for the first time;
(3) then except soybean lecithin, according to after first wheat flour other, after first small powder, the order of aniseed adds mixer and stirs;
(4) by mix material deliver into micronizer carry out ultramicro grinding and cross 80 mesh sieves;
(5) then add soybean lecithin, again stir;
(6) then material is added in quality-adjusting device, pass into hot steam, keep material and space temperature 85-105 DEG C, carry out modifier treatment 3-5 minute;
(7) the modified material completed is delivered into Builking cavity successively, carry out expanded at 130-150 DEG C;
(8) after particle drying, cooling, by formula oil spout in oil-injection machine;
(9) sieve after oil spout, carry out packaging storage.
Three-dimensional culture Tilapia mossambica efficient and environment-friendly type expanded pellet diet provided by the invention designs according to the change on Tilapia mossambica physiology under steric environment condition and nutritional utilization and feature completely.The interpolation of fish meal, well meets Tilapia mossambica to the demand of nutrition and weighed fish body nutritional need, ingest and digested and assimilated the effective unification in three physiology links, the more important thing is that high-quality animal protein better can promote the growth of fish body.Dregs of beans, peanut meal, the dish dregs of rice and the rational blend proportion of cotton dregs, promote micro-balance of raw material biological amino acid, fish body better digested and assimilated.Mycoprotein, fly maggot powder etc. partly can improve the effect of cultivated animals immunity, effectively facilitate the adaptability Physiological effect function of undesired water change under Tilapia mossambica health reply three-dimensional culture environment by adding mycoprotein, fly maggot powder.Soya-bean oil and wheat be added to three-dimensional culture environment under Tilapia mossambica energy guarantee is provided, its metabolite is water and carbon dioxide, environmental protection not polluted water again.The interpolation of rice bran and DDGS provides the energy of cheapness can not only to fish body, can provide again abundant B family vitamin simultaneously, promote the physiological health of fish body.Environmental supply Tilapia mossambica can be made up to the deficiency in the nutrient demands such as Ca, P by adding enough calcium dihydrogen phosphates comprehensively.The interpolation of acidulant effectively enhances attractant and the tilapia mossambica food wish of feed, can ensure the intestinal health of Tilapia mossambica under severe water quality simultaneously, promotes the effective picked-up and the utilization that ensure feed.Tilapia mossambica expanded pellet diet is through high temperature puffing, and Tilapia mossambica is easier to digest and assimilate, and compares the feature that particulate material has fast growth, and puffing material not polluted water, alleviates the burden of environment simultaneously.See on the whole, what mixed feed of the present invention was fully effective meets Tilapia mossambica health, mushroom trophism demand in three-dimensional culture.
Experiment shows, tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) design of mixed feed of the present invention is fully effective meet three-dimensional culture condition under, the trophism demand of Tilapia mossambica healthy growth.
(2) the nutritional labeling bioavailability of feed formula of the present invention is high, effectively facilitates Tilapia mossambica under three-dimensional culture condition, grows rapidly and effectively.
(3) the present invention fills a prescription the collocation of each component rationally, and effectively reduce the discharge capacity such as nitrogen, phosphorus, be conducive to environmental protection, healthy ecology cultivates.
(4) raw materials enjoy stable sources that this mixed feed is used, cheap.
(5) preparation technology that uses of mixed feed of the present invention is terse, workable, and effectively ensure that water column stability and the bioavailability of produced product.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment one: the preparation of three-dimensional culture Tilapia mossambica efficient and environment-friendly type expanded pellet diet
(1) first accurately take according to formula table: fish meal 5kg, fly maggot powder 3kg, mycoprotein 2kg, peanut meal 4kg, Soybean Meal 21kg, rapeseed dregs 13kg, cotton dregs 6.7kg, wheat 23kg, rice bran 5kg, DDGS 8kg, soybean lecithin 1kg, soya-bean oil 2kg, Choline Chloride 0.3kg, acidulant 2kg, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1kg, compound vitamin 1kg, composite mineral salt 2kg.
In the every 1kg of composite polymineral salt, each component and quality thereof are: manganese sulfate 20g, ferrous sulfate 100g, copper sulphate 20g, zinc sulfate 100g, sodium selenite 3g, cobaltous dichloride 2g, magnesium sulfate 1g, salt 300g, zeolite powder 454g.
In the every 1kg of compound vitamin, each component and quality thereof are: the vitamin D 310g of the vitamin A 20g of 200,000 IU/g, 400,000 IU/g, vitamin E 30g, vitamin K 320g, vitamin B1 5g, vitamin B2 5g, calcium pantothenate 10g, biotin 2g, folic acid 5g, vitamin B12 5g, nicotinic acid 20g, vitamin B6 5g, vitamin C 300g, inositol 50g, defatted rice bran 513g.
(2) respectively component (as wheat etc.) larger for particle is pulverized for the first time;
(3) then according to first wheat flour, afterwards other, after first small powder, the order (except soybean lecithin) of aniseed adds mixer and stirs;
(4) deliver into micronizer carry out ultramicro grinding (cross 80 mesh sieves) by mixing material;
(5) then add phosphatide, again stir;
(6) then material is added in quality-adjusting device, pass into hot steam, keep material and space temperature 85-105 DEG C, carry out modifier treatment (3-5 minute);
(7) the modified material completed is delivered into Builking cavity successively, carry out expanded (130-150 DEG C);
(8) after particle drying, cooling, by formula oil spout in oil-injection machine.
(9) sieve after oil spout, carry out packaging storage.
Obtain three-dimensional culture Tilapia mossambica efficient and environment-friendly type mixed feed, by with the compound feed of tilapia under common cultivation for reference to having carried out tight culture experiment.Experiment results proved, compared to common cultivation Tilapia mossambica expanded pellet diet three-dimensional culture Tilapia mossambica of the present invention efficient and environment-friendly type expanded pellet diet, more effectively can meet the whole nutritional needs of Tilapia mossambica under three-dimensional culture water body intensive culture pattern.
Embodiment two: it is as follows that three-dimensional culture Tilapia mossambica efficient and environment-friendly type expanded pellet diet provided by the invention is used for Tilapia mossambica three-dimensional culture result of the test:
The Tilapia mossambica three-dimensional culture test of four months is by a definite date carried out at the Tilapia mossambica cultivating pool choosing the 6-10 month in 2013 6 open area in Zhanjiang same (duck-Tilapia mossambica) three-dimensional culture field and be about 7 mu, wherein 3 mouthfuls of pond culture Tilapia mossambicas use conventional commercial feed pond in contrast, and 3 mouthfuls of ponds use feed of the present invention as test pond; Tilapia mossambica fry 2000 tail is thrown in every mu of pond, and (formula forms: Soybean Meal 24%, rapeseed dregs 22% to use conventional Tilapia mossambica expanded pellet diet to fill a prescription in contrast pond, the cotton benevolence dregs of rice 19%, fish meal 5%, meat meal tankage 2%, wheat 20%, soybean oil 3%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.8%, compound vitamin 1%, composite polymineral 2%, Choline Chloride 0.2%.), within one day, throw something and feed twice.Overcast and rainy stopping is thrown something and fed, test duration 4 months.After experiment terminates, randomly draw 100 tails, detect growth performance and the efficiency of feed utilization of Tilapia mossambica, as shown in table 1 below.
Table 1
| Initial weight | End is heavy | Rate of body weight gain | Feed coefficient | |
| Control group | 0.012±0 | 0.55±0.01 a | 4504.17±62.5 a | 1.29±0.03 |
| Experimental group | 0.012±0 | 0.64±0.02 b | 5150±83.33 b | 1.21±0.01 |
| Survival rate | Coefficient of condition | Liver body ratio | Dirty body ratio | |
| Control group | 93.33±0 | 4.49±0.04 a | 2.78±0.01 | 9.58±0.11 |
| Experimental group | 95±0 | 4.74±0.03 b | 2.85±0.05 | 9.63±0.1 |
Remarks: in form, after data, alphabetical a, b, c, d etc. mark data difference implementations between expression each group of same index; Letter is identical or do not have letter representation there was no significant difference, and between the different explanation two groups of letter, otherness is remarkable.The result of all data application expert data statistic software SPSS 13.0 process.
Wherein, each index calculate formula is as follows:
Rate of body weight gain (%)=100 × [last counterpoise (g)-first counterpoise (g)]/first counterpoise (g)
Feed coefficient=food ration (g)/[heavy (the g)-first body weight (g) of opisthosoma+dead fish weight]
Survival rate (%)=100 × whole end number/initial mantissa
Liver body ratio (%)=100 × liver weight/body weight
Dirty body ratio (%)=100 × viscera weights/body weight
Coefficient of condition=100 × long ^3 of body weight/body
As can be seen from Table 1, the whole opisthosoma weight of Tilapia mossambica of experimental group formula, rate of body weight gain, coefficient of condition all higher than control group, feed coefficient lower than control group, liver body ratio, dirty body ratio and survival rate all without significant difference.Result of the test shows, compared with contrast pond, experiment pond average yield per mu increases by 15%.Significantly improve the economic benefit of pond culture.Through water quality detection, experimental group compares the ammonia nitrogen discharge capacity that control group reduces by 20%, obviously promotes pond water quality, realizes the sustainable cultivation of environment protection health.
Claims (3)
1. a three-dimensional culture Tilapia mossambica efficient and environment-friendly type expanded pellet diet is made up of the raw material of following percentage by weight:
Composite mineral salt 1-2.5
Wherein, in the every 1kg of composite mineral salt, each component and quality thereof are: manganese sulfate 20g, ferrous sulfate 100g, copper sulphate 20g, zinc sulfate 100g, sodium selenite 3g, cobaltous dichloride 2g, magnesium sulfate 1g, salt 300, zeolite powder 454g;
In the every 1kg of compound vitamin, each component and quality thereof are: the vitamine D3 10g of the vitamin A 20g of 200,000 IU/g, 400,000 IU/g, vitamin E 30g, Vitamin K3 20g, vitamin B1 5g, vitamin B2 5g, calcium pantothenate 10g, biotin 2g, folic acid 5g, vitamin B12 5g, nicotinic acid 20g, vitamin B6 5g, vitamin C 300g, inositol 50g, defatted rice bran 513g.
2. a kind of three-dimensional culture Tilapia mossambica efficient and environment-friendly type expanded pellet diet according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in formula, the preferred weight ratio of each raw material is:
Composite mineral salt 2kg.
3. a kind of three-dimensional culture Tilapia mossambica preparation method of efficient and environment-friendly type expanded pellet diet according to claims 1 or 2, is characterized in that, in accordance with the following steps:
(1) first each component is accurately taken according to formula table;
(2) respectively component (as wheat etc.) larger for particle is pulverized for the first time;
(3) then except soybean lecithin, according to after first wheat flour other, after first small powder, the order of aniseed adds mixer and stirs;
(4) by mix material deliver into micronizer carry out ultramicro grinding and cross 80 mesh sieves;
(5) then add soybean lecithin, again stir;
(6) then material is added in quality-adjusting device, pass into hot steam, keep material and space temperature 85-105 DEG C, carry out modifier treatment 3-5 minute;
(7) the modified material completed is delivered into Builking cavity successively, carry out expanded at 130-150 DEG C;
(8) after particle drying, cooling, by formula oil spout in oil-injection machine;
(9) sieve after oil spout, carry out packaging storage.
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| CN113796473A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-12-17 | 海南歌颂饲料有限公司 | Preparation method of feed for improving fat utilization rate of tilapia |
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| CN113796473B (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2023-05-26 | 海南歌颂饲料有限公司 | Preparation method of feed for improving fat utilization rate of tilapia mossambica |
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