CN104521832A - Cultivation method for fish fries and adult fishes - Google Patents
Cultivation method for fish fries and adult fishes Download PDFInfo
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- CN104521832A CN104521832A CN201410801171.4A CN201410801171A CN104521832A CN 104521832 A CN104521832 A CN 104521832A CN 201410801171 A CN201410801171 A CN 201410801171A CN 104521832 A CN104521832 A CN 104521832A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/045—Filters for aquaria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Botany (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a cultivation method for purifying water and increasing the growth rate of fish fries, fish fingerling and adult fishes, and a six-level water processing method. By utilizing the appropriate ecological microorganism, the functions of regulating the water quality, purifying the water source and providing fish bait are played in the important period of different stages for the fish incubation, the fish fry growth, the fish fingerling cultivation and the adult fish growth. The fish growth rate is increased, the probability of the fish disease occurring is reduced, and therefore the production efficiency for the fish cultivation is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cultivation field, be specifically related to the aquaculture method of fry, fingerling, adult fish.
Background technology
The breeding process of fry, adult fish be unable to do without water body environment.Due to the development need of intensive aquaculture, make the self-pollution phenomenon of breeding water body very serious.Water is the material base of aquaculture, and the effect of water environment in breeding water body is more and more paid attention to.In recent years, in order to improve cultivation water environment, adopting cycle water fish-cultivating from outside contamination, reduce aquaculture cost, but circulating water body also can cause the various diseases because intensive culture brings, agrochemical pollutant is propagated with circulating water body simultaneously.Microbial ecological aquaculture model is also that a kind of biology preventing breeding water body from polluting controls anti-technology, and it can control the breeding of algae in eutrophication water to a certain extent, reduces the turbidity of water body.But by the restriction of microbiologic properties, and multiple-microorganism coefficient impact in water body complex environment, this technology is also challenged often, and implementer still needs according to different breeding water bodies, and different microorganism proterties carries out the improvement of breeding water body.
Summary of the invention
The present invention for solving the problem, provide a kind of contribute to purifying water be suitable for improving the cultural method of fry, fingerling and adult fish growth rate simultaneously.The method is especially applicable to zander, rainbow trout, the fish of the applicable circulating water cultivations such as fresh water Atlantic salmon, Tilapia mossambica, Bei Ji Channel-catfish.
Breeding method provided by the invention, comprise following fry hatching and fry cultivation, fingerling cultivation, adult fish culture several stage: the gathering of fertilized egg, fertilized egg is put into special incubation tank, water temperature is regulated to hatch, treat embryo's membrane, to the 41st day, when fry growth is to 3-5 centimetre, fry is moved to fingerling culturing pool, in time cultivating to 8-10 centimetre, then fingerling is moved to adult fish culture pond and carry out ecological cultivation.Wherein, in the beginning of each cultivation stage, its growing environment is strictly monitored, and environmentally ecology regulation and control is carried out in change, be included in the incubating oosperm stage, the 15th hour after laying eggs, start to drop into 35-40ppm Rhodopseudomonas spheroides (Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides), 10-15ppm Rhodopseudomonas palustris (R.palustris) to incubation tank; The 5th day afterwards to the 30th day, throw in 10-15ppm Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, 7-8ppm Rhodopseudomonas palustris altogether and throw in 10-20/ml Branchionus urceus every day; To the 40th day from the 31st day, throw in enough wheel animalcules every day, halogen worm larva, whole incubation keeps water body pH to reach 7.5-8.0, every day rate of water exchange 2-3%, miniflow water, oxygen is sufficient, fry density 300-500 tail/m
2; To the 41st day, when fry growth is to 3-5 centimetre, fry is moved to fingerling culturing pool, move pond first day and rise, for three days on end, throw in 10-15ppm Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, 5-10ppm Rhodopseudomonas palustris every day, now fingerling can carry out throwing something and feeding of agreeable to the taste bait; Whole incubation keeps water body pH to reach 7.5-8.0, every day rate of water exchange 3-5%, oxygen is sufficient, miniflow water, fingerling density 150-250 tail/m
3.In time cultivating to 8-10 centimetre, fingerling is moved to adult fish culture pond and carry out ecological cultivation, 80-150 tail/m
3, cultivate 180-220 days, throw in enough bait every day, now, the water of discharging from crawl processes through water treatment technology; Preferably, the water of discharging from adult fish culture pond through fluidized bed bio filter process, then precipitates through settler; More preferably, settler and fluid bed contain the polyethylene biomembrane of the Rhodopseudomonas spheroides of embedding volume 20%-25%, the Rhodopseudomonas palustris of 10-15%.Whole incubation keeps water body pH to reach 7.5-8.0, every day rate of water exchange 3-5%, oxygen is sufficient.
Concrete, technical scheme of the present invention comprises:
(1) gather fish fertilized egg, the fish nest being stained with fertilized egg is positioned over incubation tank, depth of water about 0.3 meter place, control water temperature 10-18 DEG C, the 15th hour after laying eggs, start to incubation tank input Rhodopseudomonas spheroides (
rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides), Rhodopseudomonas palustris
(R.palustris);
(2) the 5th to the 30th day afterwards, throw in Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, Rhodopseudomonas palustris and throw in Branchionus urceus every day;
(3) from the 31st day to the 40th day, throw in enough wheel animalcules every day, halogen worm larva, whole incubation keeps water body pH to reach 7.5-8.0, every day rate of water exchange 2-3%, circulation miniflow water, oxygen is sufficient, fry density 300-500 tail/m
2; Preferably, pure oxygen oxygenation, water body oxygen content > 7.6mg/L, 30% water circulation UV (ultraviolet) sterilize;
(4), to the 41st day, when fry growth is to 3-5 centimetre, fry is thrown in cycle water fingerling culturing pool, move pond first day to rise, for three days on end, in the circulatory system, every day throws in Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, and now fingerling can carry out throwing something and feeding of agreeable to the taste bait; Whole incubation keeps water body pH to reach 7.5-8.0, every day rate of water exchange 3-5%, oxygen is sufficient, fingerling density 150-250 tail/m
3; Preferably, pure oxygen oxygenation, water body oxygen content > 7.6mg/L, 30% circulating water body is sterilized through UV;
(5) in time cultivating to 8-10 centimetre, fingerling is moved to cycle water adult fish culture pond and carry out ecological cultivation, 80-150 tail/m
3, cultivate 180-220 days, (preferably, feeding rate 13-18%:100 kilogram of fish daily requirement drops into 13-18 kilogram of living bait to throw in enough bait every day; More preferably, along with the growth of fry, rate of throwing something and feeding declines), now, the water of discharging from adult fish culture pond processes through water treatment technology; Whole incubation keeps water body pH to reach 7.5-8.0, every day rate of water exchange 3-5%, oxygen is sufficient; Preferably, the water of discharging from adult fish culture pond through fluidized bed bio filter process, then precipitates through settler; More preferably, settler and fluid bed contain the polyethylene biomembrane of the Rhodopseudomonas spheroides of embedding volume 20%-25%, the Rhodopseudomonas palustris of 10-15%.
Preferably, in step (1), the concentration of input Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, Rhodopseudomonas palustris is respectively: 35-40ppm and 10-15ppm, it is further preferred that be respectively 35ppm and 15ppm;
Preferably, in step (2), the concentration of input Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, Rhodopseudomonas palustris is respectively: 10-15ppm, 7-8ppm, more preferably, be respectively 12 ppm, 8ppm, throw in 10-20/ml Branchionus urceus every day, preferably, throw in 20/ml Branchionus urceus every day;
Preferably, in step (4), the concentration of input Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, Rhodopseudomonas palustris is respectively: 10-15ppm, 5-10ppm, be more preferably respectively 15ppm, 10ppm.
Preferably, the water treatment technology in step (5) adopts water six grades for the treatment of process, is specially:
Adult fish culture pond and water treating pond connect as one, water treating pond comprises coarse filter, Microfilter pond, fluid bed, carbonic acid gas removal bed, settler, UV sterilization and pressurization pure oxygen oxygenation system, collecting basin, form 6 grades of water treatment systems, wherein, 1 grade of water treatment is carried out in coarse filter, and 2 grades of water treatments are carried out in Microfilter pond, fluid bed carries out 3 grades of water treatments, carbonic acid gas is removed bed and is carried out 4 grades of water treatments, and settler carries out 5 grades of water treatments, and UV sterilization carries out 6 grades of water treatments with pressurization pure oxygen oxygenation system; Preferably, carbonic acid gas removal bedstead is located at above fluid bed; Preferably, UV sterilization is erected at above settler with pressurization pure oxygen oxygenation system.
Preferably, water treating pond also comprises the recoil wash pool be arranged between coarse filter, Microfilter pond.
Further preferably, entered in coarse filter by the arc screening plate in coarse filter by the water in adult fish culture pond, then through conduit pipe access Microfilter filter laggard enter Microfilter pond.
Preferably, according to cultivation density need 3-5 level classification process is carried out to water, if that is, cultivation fish more, then the water of 70-90% need process; If the fish of cultivation is few, then only need the water processing 30-50%.
Preferably, after water in Microfilter pond enters fluid bed (preferably, enter through water level control pipe), by immersible pump, water is extracted into carbonic acid gas removal bed and carries out carbonic acid gas removal, then enter into settler through water level control pipe, enter collecting basin by surperficial overflow, by water pump, the water of collecting basin is extracted out, enter into UV disinfection system, after UV disinfection system, enter oxygen cone, the water after above-mentioned six grades of water treatments is back in adult fish culture pond again.Preferably, this kind process for cultivate fish more when.
Further preferably:
A. the particle more than sieve bend coarse filtration removes 40 orders/per square inch, particle is discharged to the sewage sump bottom recoil wash pool, bottom settler precipitation plate;
B. through first time coarse filtration water body enter Microfilter, do the particle of secondary 40-160 order/per square inch and remove, filter the particle removed by the rinse spray system of Microfilter inside after backwash collects, be directly discharged to the sewage sump bottom settler precipitation plate; Water body enters fluid bed afterwards;
Preferably, Microfilter backwashing water is taken from settler supernatant and is recycled, and backwashing water is reused and can be reduced drainage discharge.Sieve bend and Microfilter conbined usage, can reduce Microfilter load, reduces energy consumption and reach 40%, and world industry is breeded fish average day drainage discharge 20%, and native system only 5-8%;
C. at fluid bed, organic matter is converted into carbonic acid gas, completes by the oxidation decomposition course of albumen → peptide → amino acid → ammonia nitrogen → nitrite → nitrate, general digestion 1mg ammonia nitrogen needs 5.47mg pure oxygen;
Preferably, water body soluble pollutants carries out above-mentioned oxidation decomposition course under high dissolved oxygen environment and oxygen content 8.4mg/ rise condition;
Preferably, water body temperature adjustment is completed in this link;
D. the water body entering fluid bed removes the pernicious gases such as bed removal carbonic acid gas through carbonic acid gas, and pernicious gas discharges workshop by air channel, and the current removed after pernicious gas are back to fluid bed;
Preferably, the 10-20% water body entering fluid bed removes the pernicious gases such as bed removal carbonic acid gas through carbonic acid gas; Preferably, regulate the water body being removed bed purification by carbonic acid gas according to fish loading amount, the carbonic acid gas produced due to fish makes water body acidifying gradually, so will carry out carbonic acid gas to remove the balance regulating soda acid;
E. the water body after fluid bed digestion process imports settler, afterwards blowdown; Settler and fluid bed contain the polyethylene biomembrane of the Rhodopseudomonas spheroides of embedding volume 20%-25%, the Rhodopseudomonas palustris of 10-15%, and the water body after digestion process enters collecting basin;
Preferably, the water body after fluid bed digestion process imports sedimentation basin biological bed bottom part tank and settler through water level balance pipe, digests further, retains, precipitates the aging compound mycoderm come off, according to water pollutant content automation blowdown through settler;
Preferably, 40-70% water body direct circulation is entered collecting basin by pipeline and recycles by the water body after Microfilter, and all the other water bodys enter fluid bed, through fluidized bed bio filter process, organic matter is converted into carbonic acid gas, nitrogen is converted into nitrate; Preferably, the ammonia-nitrogen content that the discarded object gone out according to fish loading amount and steck produces carries out fluidized bed processing, and the water body directly entering collecting basin is the alkalescence in order to keep water body;
More preferably, the water body after settler digestion process enters collecting basin and Microfilter and shunts water body and converge;
F. in collecting basin, 20%-30% water body enters after UV disinfection system through water pump lifting, enters pressurization pure oxygen oxygenation system and pure oxygen and is mixed with over-saturation dissolved oxygen water, and outlet water body oxygen content > 25mg/L, enters adult fish culture pond and circulate; Whole cycle water keeps water body pH to reach 7.5-8.0(preferably, adopt alkali lye automation adjustment, 100% sodium hydroxide solution is injected) according to PH Monitoring Data, every day rate of water exchange 5-8%, cycle water oxygen content > 7.6mg/L, ion ammonium < 0.1mg/L.
Preferably, in collecting basin, 20-30% water body enters after UV disinfection system through water pump lifting, enter pressurization pure oxygen oxygenation system and pure oxygen be mixed with over-saturation dissolved oxygen water, outlet water body oxygen content > 25mg/L, again with other water bodys in collecting basin, enter water inlet manifold front end, adult fish culture pond after jet mixing is even, enter the circulation of adult fish culture pond; Whole cycle water keeps water body pH to reach 7.5-8.0(preferably, adopts alkali lye automation adjustment, injects 100% sodium hydroxide solution according to PH Monitoring Data), every day rate of water exchange 5-8%, cycle water oxygen content > 7.6mg/L;
Preferably, ion ammonium < 0.1mg/L.
Preferably, described fish are zander, rainbow trout, the fish of the applicable circulating water cultivations such as fresh water Atlantic salmon, Tilapia mossambica, Bei Ji Channel-catfish; Preferably, can regulate further according to the every water chemistry Con trolling index of different breeding kind.
Beneficial effect: the present invention has selected suitable probiotic microorganisms to cultivate and the important period of different phase of adult fish growth plays regulating water quality, purified water source, provides the effect of bait at hatch fish roe and fry growth, fingerling respectively, improve the growth rate of fish, decrease the pathogenetic probability of fish thus improve the production efficiency of fish culture.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is one embodiment of the present invention Mesichthyes cultivation organic sewage treatment region schematic diagram.
Description of reference numerals: A-coarse filter; B-backwash; C-Microfilter pond; D-fluid bed; E-carbonic acid gas removes bed; F-settler; G-collecting basin; A-Microfilter; B-aqueduct; C-water level control pipe; D-oxygen is bored; E-UV sterilizer; F-circulating pump.
Embodiment
Below the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described, should be appreciated that preferred embodiment described herein is only for instruction and explanation of the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Gather zander fish fertilized egg, the fish nest being stained with fertilized egg is positioned over incubation tank, the depth of water about 0.3 meter place, control water temperature 10-18 DEG C, fertilized egg about 50% lay eggs after the 15th hours (being as the criterion with the test of the laboratory condition of roughly similar environments), start to incubation tank drop into 35ppm Rhodopseudomonas spheroides (
rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides), 15ppm Rhodopseudomonas palustris
(R.palustris); The the 5th to the 30th day afterwards, throw in 12ppm Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, 8ppm Rhodopseudomonas palustris and every day and throw in about 20/about ml Branchionus urceus;
To the 40th day from the 31st day, throw in enough wheel animalcules every day, halogen worm larva, whole incubation keeps water body pH to reach 7.5-8.0, every day rate of water exchange 2-3%, circulation miniflow water, oxygen is sufficient, pure oxygen oxygenation, water body oxygen content > 7.6mg/L, 30% water circulation UV (ultraviolet) sterilizes, fry density 300-500 tail/m
2;
To the 41st day, when fry growth is to 3-5 centimetre, fry is moved to fingerling culturing pool, move pond first day and rise, for three days on end, throw in 15ppm Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, 10ppm Rhodopseudomonas palustris every day, now fingerling can carry out throwing something and feeding of agreeable to the taste bait; Whole incubation keeps water body pH to reach 7.5-8.0, every day rate of water exchange 3-5%, oxygen is sufficient, and pure oxygen oxygenation, water body oxygen content > 7.6mg/L, 30% circulating water body is sterilized through UV, fingerling density 150-250 tail/m
3;
In time cultivating to 8-10 centimetre, fingerling is moved to adult fish culture pond and carry out ecological cultivation, 80-150 tail/m
3, cultivate 180-220 days, throw in enough bait every day, feeding rate 13-18%:100 kilogram of fish daily requirement drops into 13-18 kilogram of living bait; Along with the growth of fry, rate of throwing something and feeding declines, and now, the water of discharging from crawl processes through water treatment technology, and whole incubation keeps water body pH to reach 7.5-8.0, every day rate of water exchange 3-5%, oxygen is sufficient.
Adult fish culture pond and water treating pond connect as one, water treating pond comprises coarse filter, recoil wash pool, Microfilter pond, fluid bed, carbonic acid gas removal bed, settler, UV sterilization and pressurization pure oxygen oxygenation system, collecting basin, form 6 grades of water treatment systems, carbonic acid gas is removed bedstead and is located at above fluid bed, and UV sterilization is erected at above settler with pressurization pure oxygen oxygenation system.
Entered in coarse filter by the arc screening plate in coarse filter by the water in adult fish culture pond, then through conduit pipe access Microfilter filter laggard enter Microfilter pond.Microfilter backwashing water is taken from settler supernatant and is recycled.Water in Microfilter pond enters after fluid bed through water level control pipe and (completes water body temperature adjustment in this link), 10-20% water body is extracted into carbonic acid gas removal bed by immersible pump and carries out carbonic acid gas removal, carbonic acid gas discharges workshop by air channel, and current are back to fluid bed afterwards; Settler is entered into again, afterwards blowdown through water level control pipe; Settler and fluid bed contain the polyethylene biomembrane of the Rhodopseudomonas spheroides of embedding volume 20%-25%, the Rhodopseudomonas palustris of 10-15%, water body after digestion process enters collecting basin by surperficial overflow, by water pump, the 20%-30% water of collecting basin is extracted out, enter into UV disinfection system, oxygen cone is entered after UV disinfection system, preparation over-saturation dissolved oxygen water, outlet water body oxygen content 26mg/L, with other water bodys in collecting basin, enter water inlet manifold front end, adult fish culture pond after jet mixing is even, enter the circulation of adult fish culture pond.
Water quality detection: inventive samples collection and preservation are prepared for standard according to National Standard of the People's Republic of China GB 12997-91 " water quality sampling conceptual design specifies ", National Standard of the People's Republic of China GB 12998-91 " water quality sampling technological guidance ", National Standard of the People's Republic of China GB 12999-91 " preservation of water quality sampling sample and administrative skill specify " and detect.Every one-phase within last two days, start detect, continuously detect 2 days, every day, early, middle and late each detection 1 time, averaged, and fished for 20-30 tail fish at random and surveyed length, average.
Embodiment 2
Gather zander fish fertilized egg, the fish nest being stained with fertilized egg is positioned over incubation tank, the depth of water about 0.3 meter place, control water temperature 10-18 DEG C, fertilized egg about 50% lay eggs after the 10th hours (being as the criterion with the test of the laboratory condition of roughly similar environments), start to incubation tank drop into 40ppm Rhodopseudomonas spheroides (
rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides), 10ppm Rhodopseudomonas palustris
(R.palustris); The the 5th to the 30th day afterwards, throw in 10ppm Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, 7ppm Rhodopseudomonas palustris and every day and throw in about 10/about ml Branchionus urceus;
To the 40th day from the 31st day, throw in enough wheel animalcules every day, halogen worm larva, whole incubation keeps water body pH to reach 7.5-8.0, every day rate of water exchange 2-3%, miniflow water, oxygen is sufficient, fry density 300-500 tail/m
2;
To the 41st day, when fry growth is to 3-5 centimetre, fry is moved to fingerling culturing pool, move pond first day and rise, for three days on end, throw in 10ppm Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, 5ppm Rhodopseudomonas palustris every day, now fingerling can carry out throwing something and feeding of agreeable to the taste bait; Whole incubation keeps water body pH to reach 7.5-8.0, every day rate of water exchange 3-5%, oxygen is sufficient, miniflow water, fingerling density 150-250 tail/m
3;
In time cultivating to 8-10 centimetre, fingerling is moved to adult fish culture pond and carry out ecological cultivation, 80-150 tail/m
3cultivate 180-220 days, throw in enough bait every day, now, from crawl discharge water through fluidized bed bio filter process, precipitate through settler again, settler and fluid bed contain the polyethylene biomembrane of the embedding Rhodopseudomonas spheroides of volume 25%, the Rhodopseudomonas palustris of 15%, and whole incubation keeps water body pH to reach 7.5-8.0, every day rate of water exchange 3-5%, oxygen is sufficient, miniflow water.
Water quality detection: inventive samples collection and preservation are prepared for standard according to National Standard of the People's Republic of China GB 12997-91 " water quality sampling conceptual design specifies ", National Standard of the People's Republic of China GB 12998-91 " water quality sampling technological guidance ", National Standard of the People's Republic of China GB 12999-91 " preservation of water quality sampling sample and administrative skill specify " and detect.Every one-phase within last two days, start detect, continuously detect 2 days, every day, early, middle and late each detection 1 time, averaged, and fished for 20-30 tail fish at random and surveyed length, average.
Comparative example 1
Gather zander fish fertilized egg, the fish nest being stained with fertilized egg is positioned over incubation tank, the depth of water about 0.3 meter place, control water temperature 10-18 DEG C, fertilized egg about 50% lay eggs after the 15th hours (being as the criterion with the test of the laboratory condition of roughly similar environments), start to drop into 35ppm Green color rhodopseudomonas, 15ppm capsula Rhodopseudomonas to incubation tank; The the 5th to the 30th day afterwards, throw in 12ppm Green color rhodopseudomonas, 8ppm capsula Rhodopseudomonas and every day and throw in about 20/about ml brachionus plicatilis; To the 40th day from the 31st day, throw in enough wheel animalcules every day, halogen worm larva, whole incubation keeps water body pH to reach 7.5-8.0, every day rate of water exchange 2-3%, miniflow water, oxygen is sufficient, pure oxygen oxygenation, water body oxygen content > 7.6mg/L, 30% water circulation UV (ultraviolet) sterilize; Fry density 300-500 tail/m
2;
To the 41st day, when fry growth is to 3-5 centimetre, fry is moved to fingerling culturing pool, move pond first day and rise, for three days on end, throw in 15ppm Green color rhodopseudomonas, 10ppm capsula Rhodopseudomonas every day, now fingerling can carry out throwing something and feeding of agreeable to the taste bait; Whole incubation keeps water body pH to reach 7.5-8.0, every day rate of water exchange 3-5%, pure oxygen oxygenation, water body oxygen content > 7.6mg/L, oxygen is sufficient, and 30% circulating water body is sterilized through UV, miniflow water, fingerling density 150-250 tail/m
3;
In time cultivating to 8-10 centimetre, fingerling is moved to adult fish culture pond and carry out ecological cultivation, 80-150 tail/m
3, cultivate 180-220 days, throw in enough bait every day, feeding rate 13-18%:100 kilogram of fish daily requirement drops into 13-18 kilogram of living bait; Along with the growth of fry, rate of throwing something and feeding declines; Now, the water of discharging from crawl processes through water treatment technology, and the water of discharging from adult fish culture pond through fluidized bed bio filter process, then precipitates through settler; Settler and fluid bed contain the polyethylene biomembrane of the Green color rhodopseudomonas of embedding volume 20%-25%, the capsula Rhodopseudomonas of 10-15%, and whole incubation keeps water body pH to reach 7.5-8.0, every day rate of water exchange 3-5%, oxygen is sufficient, miniflow water.
Water quality detection: inventive samples collection and preservation are prepared for standard according to National Standard of the People's Republic of China GB 12997-91 " water quality sampling conceptual design specifies ", National Standard of the People's Republic of China GB 12998-91 " water quality sampling technological guidance ", National Standard of the People's Republic of China GB 12999-91 " preservation of water quality sampling sample and administrative skill specify " and detect.Every one-phase within last two days, start detect, continuously detect 2 days, every day, early, middle and late each detection 1 time, averaged, and fished for 20-30 tail fish at random and surveyed length, average.
Comparative example 2
Gather zander fish fertilized egg, the fish nest being stained with fertilized egg is positioned over incubation tank, the depth of water about 0.3 meter place, control water temperature 10-18 DEG C, fertilized egg about 50% lay eggs after the 15th hours (being as the criterion with the test of the laboratory condition of roughly similar environments), start to incubation tank drop into 37ppm Rhodopseudomonas spheroides (
rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides), 23ppm Rhodopseudomonas palustris
(R.palustris); 5th to the 30th day, every day threw in about 20/about ml Branchionus urceus; To the 40th day from the 31st day, throw in enough wheel animalcules every day, halogen worm larva, whole incubation keeps water body pH to reach 7.5-8.0, every day rate of water exchange 2-3%, miniflow water, oxygen is sufficient, fry density 300-500 tail/m
2;
To the 41st day, when fry growth is to 3-5 centimetre, fry is moved to fingerling culturing pool, move pond first day and rise, for three days on end, throw in 15ppm Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, 10ppm Rhodopseudomonas palustris every day, now fingerling can carry out throwing something and feeding of agreeable to the taste bait; Whole incubation keeps water body pH to reach 7.5-8.0, every day rate of water exchange 10%, oxygen is sufficient, miniflow water, fingerling density 150-250 tail/m
3;
In time cultivating to 8-10 centimetre, fingerling is moved to adult fish culture pond and carry out ecological cultivation, 80-150 tail/m
3, cultivate 180-220 days, throw in enough bait every day, now, the water of discharging from crawl processes through water treatment technology, and the water of discharging from adult fish culture pond through fluidized bed bio filter process, then precipitates through settler; Settler and fluid bed contain the polyethylene biomembrane of the Rhodopseudomonas spheroides of embedding volume 20%-25%, the Rhodopseudomonas palustris of 10-15%, and whole incubation keeps water body pH to reach 7.5-8.0, every day rate of water exchange 3-5%, oxygen is sufficient, miniflow water.
Water quality detection: inventive samples collection and preservation are prepared for standard according to National Standard of the People's Republic of China GB 12997-91 " water quality sampling conceptual design specifies ", National Standard of the People's Republic of China GB 12998-91 " water quality sampling technological guidance ", National Standard of the People's Republic of China GB 12999-91 " preservation of water quality sampling sample and administrative skill specify " and detect.Every one-phase within last two days, start detect, continuously detect 2 days, every day, early, middle and late each detection 1 time, averaged, and fished for 20-30 tail fish at random and surveyed length, average.
Comparative example 3
Gather zander fish fertilized egg, the fish nest being stained with fertilized egg is positioned over incubation tank, the depth of water about 0.3 meter place, control water temperature 10-18 DEG C, fertilized egg about 50% lay eggs after the 15th hours (being as the criterion with the test of the laboratory condition of roughly similar environments), start to splash appropriate soya-bean milk to incubation tank; 5th to the 30th day, throw in 12ppm Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, 8ppm Rhodopseudomonas palustris and every day and throw in about 20/about ml Branchionus urceus; To the 40th day from the 31st day, throw in enough wheel animalcules every day, halogen worm larva, whole incubation keeps water body pH to reach 7.5-8.0, every day rate of water exchange 2-3%, miniflow water, oxygen is sufficient, fry density 300-500 tail/m
2; Pure oxygen oxygenation, water body oxygen content > 7.6mg/L, 30% water circulation UV (ultraviolet) sterilize;
To the 41st day, when fry growth is to 3-5 centimetre, fry is moved to fingerling culturing pool, move pond first day and rise, for three days on end, throw in 15ppm Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, 10ppm Rhodopseudomonas palustris every day, now fingerling can carry out throwing something and feeding of agreeable to the taste bait; Whole incubation keeps water body pH to reach 7.5-8.0, every day rate of water exchange 3-5%, oxygen is sufficient, miniflow water, fingerling density 150-250 tail/m
3; Pure oxygen oxygenation, water body oxygen content > 7.6mg/L, 30% circulating water body is sterilized through UV;
In time cultivating to 8-10 centimetre, fingerling is moved to adult fish culture pond and carry out ecological cultivation, 80-150 tail/m
3, cultivate 180-220 days, throw in enough bait every day, feeding rate 13-18%:100 kilogram of fish daily requirement drops into 13-18 kilogram of living bait; Along with the growth of fry, rate of throwing something and feeding declines; The water of discharging from adult fish culture pond processes through water treatment technology; Whole incubation keeps water body pH to reach 7.5-8.0, every day rate of water exchange 3-5%, oxygen is sufficient, miniflow water.
Water quality detection: inventive samples collection and preservation are prepared for standard according to National Standard of the People's Republic of China GB 12997-91 " water quality sampling conceptual design specifies ", National Standard of the People's Republic of China GB 12998-91 " water quality sampling technological guidance ", National Standard of the People's Republic of China GB 12999-91 " preservation of water quality sampling sample and administrative skill specify " and detect.Every one-phase within last two days, start detect, continuously detect 2 days, every day, early, middle and late each detection 1 time, averaged, and fished for 20-30 tail fish at random and surveyed length, average.
Result:
Table 1 zander hatch fish roe and fry growth stage water quality and growth monitoring table
。
Table 2 zander fingerling vegetative stage water quality and growth monitoring table
。
Table 3 zander adult fish vegetative stage water quality and growth monitoring table
。
Above result display, the technical scheme of embodiment 1,2 obtains regulating water quality, purified water source, provides bait, improves the growth of fish, decreases the best effects of the pathogenetic probability of fish.And comparative example 1 shows with the data that compare of embodiment 1,2, Green color rhodopseudomonas, capsula Rhodopseudomonas and brachionus plicatilis in purifying aquaculture water quality, dissolved oxygen be provided, reduce fish pest and disease risk, the effect that improves than Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, Rhodopseudomonas palustris and Branchionus urceus in fish growth rate is obviously not enough; Comparative example 2 shows with the data that compare of embodiment 1,2, at fry, nurture of fish fingerlings initial stage, needs to select the critical period to throw something and feed microorganism, to ensure the effect improving water quality and nutrition preferably; The effect of comparative example 3 is the poorest, it is fed the initial stage fry, soya-bean milk is adopted to splash mode, the biomembranous sedimentation basin of polyethylene and the fluid bed of the Rhodopseudomonas palustris of the Rhodopseudomonas spheroides containing embedding volume 20%-25%, 10-15% is not adopted in adult fish stage breeding pond, cause cultivate water poor, affect the growth of fish.
It should be noted that, although the fish that embodiment and comparative example provide are zander, but those skilled in the art will know that, for rainbow trout, the fish of the applicable circulating water cultivations such as fresh water Atlantic salmon, Tilapia mossambica, Bei Ji Channel-catfish, this cultural method is applicable equally, and can regulate further according to the every water chemistry Con trolling index of different breeding kind.
Last it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a method for cultivation of fish, is characterized in that, the method comprises:
(1) gather fish fertilized egg, the fish nest being stained with fertilized egg is positioned over incubation tank, depth of water about 0.3 meter place, control water temperature 10-18 DEG C, the 15th hour after laying eggs, start to incubation tank input Rhodopseudomonas spheroides (
rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides), Rhodopseudomonas palustris
(R.palustris);
(2) the 5th to the 30th day afterwards, throw in Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, Rhodopseudomonas palustris and throw in Branchionus urceus every day;
(3) from the 31st day to the 40th day, throw in enough wheel animalcules and halogen worm larva every day, whole incubation keeps water body pH to reach 7.5-8.0, every day rate of water exchange 2-3%, circulation miniflow water, oxygen is sufficient, fry density 300-500 tail/m
2; Preferably, pure oxygen oxygenation, water body oxygen content > 7.6mg/L, 30% water circulation UV (ultraviolet) sterilize;
(4), to the 41st day, when fry growth is to 3-5 centimetre, fry is thrown in cycle water fingerling culturing pool, move pond first day to rise, for three days on end, in the circulatory system, every day throws in Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, and now fingerling can carry out throwing something and feeding of agreeable to the taste bait; Whole incubation keeps water body pH to reach 7.5-8.0, every day rate of water exchange 3-5%, oxygen is sufficient, fingerling density 150-250 tail/m
3; Preferably, pure oxygen oxygenation, water body oxygen content > 7.6mg/L, 30% circulating water body is sterilized through UV;
(5) in time cultivating to 8-10 centimetre, fingerling is moved to cycle water adult fish culture pond and carry out ecological cultivation, 80-150 tail/m
3, cultivate 180-220 days, (preferably, feeding rate 13-18%:100 kilogram of fish daily requirement drops into 13-18 kilogram of living bait to throw in enough bait every day; More preferably, along with the growth of fry, feeding rate declines), now, the water of discharging from adult fish culture pond processes through water treatment technology; Whole incubation keeps water body pH to reach 7.5-8.0, every day rate of water exchange 3-5%, oxygen is sufficient; Preferably, the water of discharging from adult fish culture pond through fluidized bed bio filter process, then precipitates through settler; More preferably, settler and fluid bed contain the polyethylene biomembrane of the Rhodopseudomonas spheroides of embedding volume 20%-25%, the Rhodopseudomonas palustris of 10-15%.
2. cultural method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the water treatment technology in step (5) adopts water six grades for the treatment of process, is specially:
Adult fish culture pond and water treating pond connect as one, water treating pond comprises coarse filter, Microfilter pond, fluid bed, carbonic acid gas removal bed, settler, UV sterilization and pressurization pure oxygen oxygenation system, collecting basin, form 6 grades of water treatment systems, wherein, 1 grade of water treatment is carried out in coarse filter, and 2 grades of water treatments are carried out in Microfilter pond, fluid bed carries out 3 grades of water treatments, carbonic acid gas is removed bed and is carried out 4 grades of water treatments, and settler carries out 5 grades of water treatments, and UV sterilization carries out 6 grades of water treatments with pressurization pure oxygen oxygenation system; Preferably, carbonic acid gas removal bedstead is located at above fluid bed; Preferably, UV sterilization is erected at above settler with pressurization pure oxygen oxygenation system.
3. cultural method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, water treating pond also comprises the recoil wash pool be arranged between coarse filter, Microfilter pond.
4., according to the arbitrary described cultural method of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, entered in coarse filter by the sieve bend of the water in adult fish culture pond by coarse filter, then through conduit pipe access Microfilter filter laggard enter Microfilter pond; Preferably, after water in Microfilter pond enters fluid bed (preferably, enter through water level control pipe), by immersible pump, water is extracted into carbonic acid gas removal bed and carries out carbonic acid gas removal, then enter into settler through water level control pipe, enter collecting basin by surperficial overflow, by water pump, the water of collecting basin is extracted out, enter into UV disinfection system, after UV disinfection system, enter oxygen cone, the water after above-mentioned six grades of water treatments is back in adult fish culture pond again.
5., according to the arbitrary described cultural method of claim 4, it is characterized in that,
1. the particle more than sieve bend coarse filtration removes 40 orders/per square inch, particle is discharged to the sewage sump bottom recoil wash pool and bottom settler precipitation plate;
2. through first time coarse filtration water body enter Microfilter, do the particle of secondary 40-160 order/per square inch and remove, filter the particle removed by the rinse spray system of Microfilter inside after backwash collects, be directly discharged to the sewage sump bottom settler precipitation plate; Preferably, Microfilter backwashing water is taken from settler supernatant and is recycled;
3. water body enters fluid bed, through fluidized bed bio filter process, organic matter is converted into carbonic acid gas, completes by the oxidation decomposition course of albumen → peptide → amino acid → ammonia nitrogen → nitrite → nitrate, nitrogen is converted into nitrate; Preferably, water body temperature adjustment is completed in this link;
4. the part water body entering fluid bed removes bed removal carbonic acid gas through carbonic acid gas, and carbonic acid gas is discharged by air channel, and the current removed after carbonic acid gas are back to fluid bed; Preferably, the 10-20% water body entering fluid bed removes bed removal carbonic acid gas through carbonic acid gas;
5. the water body after fluid bed digestion process imports sedimentation basin biological bed bottom part tank and settler, digests further, retains, precipitates the aging compound mycoderm come off, blowdown through settler; Settler and fluid bed contain the polyethylene biomembrane of the Rhodopseudomonas spheroides of embedding volume 20%-25%, the Rhodopseudomonas palustris of 10-15%, and the water body after digestion process enters collecting basin;
6. in collecting basin, 20-30% water body enters after UV disinfection system through water pump lifting, enters pressurization pure oxygen oxygenation system and pure oxygen and is mixed with over-saturation dissolved oxygen water, and outlet water body oxygen content > 25mg/L, enters adult fish culture pond and circulate; Whole cycle water keeps water body pH to reach 7.5-8.0(preferably, adopts alkali lye automation adjustment, injects 100% sodium hydroxide solution according to PH Monitoring Data), every day rate of water exchange 5-8%, cycle water oxygen content > 7.6mg/L; Preferably, above-mentioned over-saturation dissolved oxygen water and collecting basin other water bodys interior, entering water inlet manifold front end, adult fish culture pond after jet mixing is even, entering the circulation of adult fish culture pond.
6. according to the arbitrary described cultural method of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that, in step (1), the concentration of input Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, Rhodopseudomonas palustris is respectively: 35-40ppm and 10-15ppm, it is further preferred that be respectively 35ppm and 15ppm; In step (2), the concentration of input Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, Rhodopseudomonas palustris is respectively: 10-15ppm, 7-8ppm, more preferably, be respectively 12 ppm, 8ppm, throw in 10-20/ml Branchionus urceus every day, preferably, throw in 20/ml Branchionus urceus every day; In step (4), the concentration of input Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, Rhodopseudomonas palustris is respectively: 10-15ppm, 5-10ppm, be more preferably respectively 15ppm, 10ppm.
7. according to the arbitrary described cultural method of claim 1-6, it is characterized in that, described fish are zander, rainbow trout, the fish of the applicable circulating water cultivations such as fresh water Atlantic salmon, Tilapia mossambica, Bei Ji Channel-catfish, adjustable according to different breeding kind every water chemistry Con trolling index.
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| CN105165665A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-12-23 | 佛山市顺德区德心和水产养殖有限公司 | Aquaculture method and aquaculture system |
| CN104872015A (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2015-09-02 | 温良海 | Gold carp fry cultivation method |
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| CN105918171A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-09-07 | 海南省海洋与渔业科学院 | Indoor factory culture method and device for penaeus vannamei |
| CN105850814A (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2016-08-17 | 莱州明波水产有限公司 | Industrialized hybrid fry breeding method for chromileptes altivelis and epinephelus lanceolatus |
| CN106035201A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-10-26 | 南安市荣华机械科技有限公司 | Automatic air inlet device, air filtration device and fish tank oxygenation device |
| CN106614135A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-05-10 | 广西龙州北部湾现代农业有限公司 | Mixed adult fish and juvenile fish breeding method |
| CN107117687A (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2017-09-01 | 浙江大学 | A kind of method for treating water in situ for improving Terrapin raising density |
| CN108029598A (en) * | 2018-01-02 | 2018-05-15 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | Taimen industrial circulating water cultivating method |
| CN108552100A (en) * | 2018-01-02 | 2018-09-21 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | Taimen industrial circulating water cultivating system |
| CN111434221A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2020-07-21 | 浙江北冥有渔环境科技有限公司 | Method for efficiently culturing tilapia mossambica by circulating in pond in mid-latitude area |
| CN110178784A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2019-08-30 | 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 | A kind of C. guichenoti circulating water culture system |
| CN110178784B (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2024-03-01 | 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 | Circular-mouth copper fish circulating water culture system |
| CN111296330A (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2020-06-19 | 浙江省海洋水产研究所 | Device and method for breeding parent fish of bream with snout and obtaining fertilized eggs |
| CN114747513A (en) * | 2022-03-17 | 2022-07-15 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | High-density cultivation method for early juvenile fishes of brachymystax lenok |
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Effective date of registration: 20180525 Address after: 830000 new town of Urumqi, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Yingbin light rail No. 199 Patentee after: Xinjiang Benteng Biological Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 830000 Xiamen Road, Urumqi economic and Technological Development Zone, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 8 Patentee before: Ma Yun |