CN103461248A - Fish fry cultivation method of acrossocheilus yunnanensis - Google Patents
Fish fry cultivation method of acrossocheilus yunnanensis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fish fry cultivation method of acrossocheilus yunnanensis and belongs to the technical field of fish cultivation. The fish cultivation method of acrossocheilus yunnanensis comprises the following steps: temporary cultivation management of fish fries discharged from a film, micro nutritive water type flowing water cultivation at the front stage of putting the fish fries into a pool, manual fish fry feeding, daily management at the middle and later stages, fish disease control and the like. The method has the following advantages that 1, during the front stage of fish fry cultivation, a linked combined method of cultivating the fish fries by use of flowing water and cultivating natural biological baits by virtue of nutritive water is adopted, the contradiction that acrossocheilus yunnanensis needs clean water and rich natural baits to live through opening and ingestion difficulty is solved, and the trouble of manually collecting, throwing and feeding the natural baits is omitted; 2, the survival rate of the fish fries is high, the fish fries grow rapidly, and the method is simple and convenient and is easy to popularize; 3, the method can be used for effectively protecting, developing and utilizing acrossocheilus yunnanensis fish fry resources.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of offspring seed cultivation method of Acrossocheilus yunnanensis, belong to the fish culture technical field.
Background technology
Acrossocheilus yunnanensis (Acrossocheilus yunnanensis) belongs to Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae, and Barbinae, light lip fish belongs to.The middle-size and small-size fish with the important ecological value and certain economic worth.Be distributed in Pearl River system, ChangJiang River upstream and tributary ，Wei China Endemic fish thereof, type locality, in Yunnan, has the plateau of adaptation cold water environment, and individuality is the characteristics of large (common individuality reaches 20～30cm).Due to reasons such as hydraulic engineering construction and river pollution, overfishings, Acrossocheilus yunnanensis germ plasm resource amount sharply reduces in recent years, and trace has been difficult to find on many ground, Yunnan, and the Yunnan Central Yunnan only has a small amount of natural population in the indivedual cold water dragon's pools of Dian Chi periphery.Recover Acrossocheilus yunnanensis germ plasm resource and become the important research contents of Yunnan Province's fishery.Make good use of this Species of Rare Fish from Qingdao resource in order to protect, from 2010, unit of the present invention adhered to collecting the Acrossocheilus yunnanensis wild germplasm, and carried out aspect researchs such as raising and train cultivation, artificial propagation and seed rearing.
The present invention is intended to carry out rearing of fingerling research and application for the Acrossocheilus yunnanensis of artificial propagation under the pond culture condition.Through document retrieval, do not find at home the report identical with the present invention.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the offspring seed cultivation method of artificial breeding Acrossocheilus yunnanensis under a kind of pond culture condition; smoothly the membrane prelarva is sought to the endogenous nutritional status excessively to the exogenous nutrition state; realize artificial controlled ingesting and process of growth; improve survival rate and growth rate, in order to effectively protect and develop Acrossocheilus yunnanensis germ plasm resource.
The offspring seed cultivation method of Acrossocheilus yunnanensis of the present invention, its concrete steps are as follows:
1.1 the membrane prelarva is supported temporarily
The membrane prelarva needs to support and spend the endogenous nutritional status temporarily, and selecting careat is 2～6m
2the cement pit of inwall tiling is as storage pond, holding pond; The seedling density of breeding fish temporarily is 0.3～0.4 ten thousand tails/m
2; 14～18 ℃ of water temperatures, temperature difference per day is no more than 2 ℃, and storage pond, holding pond keeps miniflow water, and height of water level is 0.3～0.5m, day exchange 3～4 times; At pond face bedding sunshade net, create dark quietly water body environment;
1.2 flowing water is cultivated fry and rich water is cultivated natural biological bait interlock combination
A. fry is flat swims and the lower pool: after the flat trip of the fry when 2/3, be invested in time outdoor fry rearing pond opening and cultivate; Under fry, the pool time is at 8-9 o'clock in the morning, throws in fry 2～30,000 tails for every mu;
B. the cultivation of fry initial feed and utilization: first 12 days of the flat trip of Acrossocheilus yunnanensis, in cultivating pond, the biological feed of fry rearing Chi Shangshuikouchu cultivates biological feed, that is: at the bottom of cultivating pond more than shop fixtures mud 15cm, by by fermentation and with the chicken manure after lime disinfection, at the bottom of being stacked at pond by every mu of 200kg, inject pond water 80cm dark, during 15 ℃ of water temperatures, through 10～12 days, cultivate, it is green that Chi Shui turns, a large amount of algae and wheel animalcule appear in Chi Shuizhong, directly the nutrition rich water in the food organisms culture pond is taken out and annotated in the fry rearing pond, fry picked-up unit cell algae and wheel animalcule for the just lower pool, the fry rearing pond still keeps the miniflow water state simultaneously, constantly slowly injects clean water source, controls fry rearing pond transparency at 50～60cm,
1.3 the artificial food of taming and dociling of fry
Micro-rich water flowing water is cultivated 8～10 days, the Acrossocheilus yunnanensis total length reaches 13～15mm, carry out the artificial food of taming and dociling, select eel powder that albumen quality percentage is 40% add after the water stirring and emulsifying along pool side splash the training fry by the natural bait of ingesting to manually joining the feed transition, day throws something and feeds 3 times, the every mu of 30g that at every turn throws something and feeds; After fish body total length reaches 18～20mm, reduce gradually to take out and annotate the rich water that natural bait is cultivated pond, strengthen and inject source of clean water, controlling fry rearing pond water transparency is 80～90cm; The carp powder that is 37% with albumen quality percentage by the eel powder after 1:1 mixes in mass ratio and water stir into pasty state, throw on the food platform and peck at for Acrossocheilus yunnanensis, day throw something and feed 3 times, the single feeding volume was eaten up as good in 1～2 hour; 40 age in days fry total lengths reach 30 ± 5mm, change and throw the carp broken material that albumen quality percentage is 37%, and a day feeding volume accounts for 5～6% of fish body weight;
1.4 the middle and later periods fry feeding and management
The fry total length reaches 50mm and changes later and throw the carp seed material that albumen quality percentage that particle diameter is 1mm is 37%, and a day feeding volume accounts for 3～4% of fish body weight; Control the exchange on the 3rd～4 of fry rearing pond water body once, keep fry rearing pond water transparency to reach 90～100cm; Allowing at the bottom of pool wall and pond and to give birth to appropriate thread algae and scrape food for Acrossocheilus yunnanensis; Adhere to sooner or later patrolling the pool every day, check and the cleaning fish barrier; The cleaning residual bait in pond and foreign material, guarantee that the intake-outlet current are unobstructed in time; After fry 100 ages in days, total length reaches 75 ± 5mm, enters the nurture of fish fingerlings stage.
1.5 common fish disease and prevent and treat method
Seed rearing is carried out monoculture, not with other fish mixed breeds, to prevent bringing into property fish disease, infects; Main illness and the method for preventing and treating are as follows:
A. bacterial gill rot disease: cardinal symptom is fish body blackout, becomes thin, and often is collected in water inlet or corner, fishpond, and on the gill, mucus increases, the dirt of often adhering, and gill filament swelling or part blackout are downright bad; Prevent and treat method: every 15 days full pool spilling head povidone iodine or full pond are all over spreading the C5H6Br2N2O2 tablet, and preventive dose is 50ml/ mu, and therapeutic dose is 80ml/ mu, after medication, stops into water 12h;
B. saprolegniasis: main manifestations, for for fish body damage location, to adhere to white floccule, affects the fish bulk-growth, causes expendable death when serious; Prevent and treat method: science operation in the seed rearing process, reduce the fish body injured, carry out in time fish body and water body disinfection, strengthen daily managing and protecting, build up health;
C. trichodinasis: the Acrossocheilus yunnanensis in main harm fry and fingerling stage, can cause explosive dead; The symptom main manifestations is, the health blackout, become thin, and often is gathered in water inlet or groupuscule and is distributed in the corner, fishpond, floats on the water body upper strata, or static dull, or manicly alters trip; Prevent and treat method: the wheel of using composition and be ethylene bisdithiocarbamic ammonium is once clean, preventive dose 50ml/ mu, and full pond float in every 15 days is once; Therapeutic dose 80ml/ mu.
The invention has the advantages that:
The flowing water breeding method of micro-rich water formula of 1, in earlier stage taking in fry rearing, having solved Acrossocheilus yunnanensis needs water cleaning to need again to enrich the contradiction that natural bait is spent the initial feeding difficulty, saves the trouble that artificially collects the natural bait of throwing something and feeding.
2, survival rate of fish fry is high, and growth is very fast, and method is easy, is easy to promote.
3, can effectively protect and develop Acrossocheilus yunnanensis germ plasm resource.
Embodiment
In the invention process, except biological feed need to be cultivated, all the other feeds are market and buy.The disease control medication is market and buys.
The inventor adopts the inventive method to carry out the research of Acrossocheilus yunnanensis people rearing of fingerling year August in April, 2013 to 2013 in aquatic products technical advice station, Yunnan Province subordinate's cold water fish culture experiment base, the fry that is used for cultivating is the 18.7 ten thousand tail prelarvas that hatch by carried out the Acrossocheilus yunnanensis artificial propagation by unit of the present invention, and while supporting to 7～8cm, survival rate of fish fry reaches 71.6%.Embodiment is as follows:
A. the membrane prelarva is supported temporarily
Membrane prelarva yolk sac is larger, in delicate health, easily is mechanically damaged, and need carry out supporting and crossing the endogenous nutritional status with smoothness temporarily, and selecting breeding booth inner area is 6m
2the smooth cement pit of inwall tiling is as storage pond, holding pond.The disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate that storage pond, holding pond need be 100ppm by concentration also cleans.The seedling density of breeding fish temporarily is 0.3～0.4 ten thousand tails/m
2, water temperature is controlled at 14 ℃～18 ℃, and temperature difference per day is no more than 2 ℃, and it is 0.3～0.5m that the storage pond, holding pond height of water level is controlled, and keeps miniflow water, day exchange 3～4 times.At pond face bedding sunshade net, create dark quietly water body environment.In time with siphonage by sucking-offs such as egg membrane, chip, dead fishes, guarantee that Chi Shui is clean, for prelarva provides good developing environment.Support temporarily 6～8 days Acrossocheilus yunnanensis son total lengths and reach 9～10cm, yolk consumes substantially to be treated to the greatest extent, starts flat trip, prepares the lower pool of wait and carries out fry rearing.
B. flowing water is cultivated fry and rich water cultivation natural biological bait interlock combination
Reach the pool at present after the flat trip of fry, take flowing water cultivation fry and rich water to cultivate natural biological bait interlock and be combined.
(1) the flat trip of fry and the lower pool: after the fry fish glue forms, start to move about or be suspended in water body at the middle and upper levels, illustrating that fry has started flat trip.After the flat trip of fry when 2/3, be invested in outdoor fry rearing pond and carry out the opening cultivation.1 mu of fry rearing pool area, under fry, eight, nine o'clock of morning is selected on the pool, and now indoor storage pond, holding pond and the outdoor fry rearing pond temperature difference are little.Throw in fry 30,000 tails for every mu.
(2) cultivation of fry initial feed and utilization: in the flat trip of Acrossocheilus yunnanensis, within first 12 days, in outdoor special pond, cultivate the natural openings biological feed, biological feed is cultivated pond and is selected near filling pipe end place, fry rearing pond, physical features, higher than the fry rearing pond, is convenient to the rich water siphon that the biological feed cultivated is abundant or natural streamer in the fry rearing pond.Biological feed is cultivated 1 mu or 2 mu, pond, more than the thick 15cm of bed mud, by by fermentation and with the chicken manure after lime disinfection, at the bottom of being stacked at pond by every mu of 200kg, inject pond water 80cm dark, cultivated through 10～12 days during 15 ℃ of water temperatures, it is green that Chi Shui turns, a large amount of algae and wheel animalcule appear in Chi Shuizhong, directly the nutrition rich water in the food organisms culture pond are taken out and are annotated in the fry rearing pond, allow the fry on the just lower pool can absorb immediately unit cell algae and wheel animalcule.The fry rearing pond still keeps the miniflow water state simultaneously, constantly slowly injects clean water source.Inject clean water source and take out the ratio of annotating rich water by control, making fry rearing pond transparency maintain 50～60cm.
C. artificial the taming and dociling of fry eaten
Flowing water by micro-rich water formula is cultivated 8～10 days, the Acrossocheilus yunnanensis total length reaches 13～15mm, the agreeable to the taste artificial feed of can having ingested, select eel powder that albumen quality percentage is 40% add after the water stirring and emulsifying along pool side splash the training fry by the natural bait of ingesting to manually joining the feed transition, day throws something and feeds 3 times, time is 8 points, 13 and 18 points, the every mu of 30g that at every turn throws something and feeds; After fish body total length reaches 18～20mm, reduce gradually to take out and annotate the rich water that natural bait is cultivated pond, strengthen and inject source of clean water, controlling fry rearing pond water transparency is 80～90cm; The carp powder that is 37% with albumen quality percentage by the eel powder after 1:1 mixes in mass ratio and water stir into pasty state, throw on the food platform and peck at for Acrossocheilus yunnanensis, day throw something and feed 3 times, the single feeding volume was eaten up as good in 1～2 hour; 40 age in days fry total lengths reach 30 ± 5mm, change and throw the carp broken material that albumen quality percentage is 37%, and a day feeding volume accounts for 5～6% of fish body weight;
D. the middle and later periods fry feeding and management
The fry total length reaches 50mm and changes later and throw the carp seed material that albumen quality percentage that particle diameter is 1mm is 37%.Day feeding volume accounts for 3～4% of fish body weight; Control the exchange on the 3rd～4 of fry rearing pond water body once, keep fry rearing pond water transparency to reach 90～100cm; Allowing at the bottom of pool wall and pond and to give birth to appropriate thread algae and scrape food for Acrossocheilus yunnanensis; Adhere to sooner or later patrolling the pool every day, check and the cleaning fish barrier; The cleaning residual bait in pond and foreign material, guarantee that the intake-outlet current are unobstructed in time; After fry 100 ages in days, total length reaches 75 ± 5mm, enters the nurture of fish fingerlings stage.
E. common fish disease and prevent and treat method
During the Acrossocheilus yunnanensis seed rearing, the principle of " it is auxiliary putting prevention first, treating " is adhered in fish disease prevention and cure work, is specially and controls into the water source, pond otherwise by other breeding pollutions; Seed rearing is carried out monoculture, not with other fish mixed breeds, to prevent bringing into property fish disease, infects; Strengthen water quality management, improve feeding environment, build up health, accelerate growth, infect to reduce; Regularly detect water quality, observe fish body active situation, a situation arises to grasp in time disease.Main illness and the method for preventing and treating are as follows:
Bacterial gill rot disease: cardinal symptom is fish body blackout, becomes thin, and often is collected in water inlet or corner, fishpond, and on the gill, mucus increases, the dirt of often adhering, and gill filament swelling or part blackout are downright bad.Mainly, fry physique poor by the fishpond waterbody environment causes a little less than, or the secondary infection caused due to other insect pests.Prevent and treat method: every 15 days full pool spilling head povidone iodine or full pond be all over spreading the C5H6Br2N2O2 tablet, prevention, and 50ml/ mu, therapeutic dose is 80ml/ mu, after medication, stops into water 12h;
Saprolegniasis: main manifestations, for for fish body damage location, to adhere to white floccule, affects the fish bulk-growth, causes expendable death when serious.Mainly prevent and treat method: science operation in the seed rearing process, reduce the fish body injured, carry out in time fish body and water body disinfection, strengthen daily managing and protecting, build up health.
Trichodinasis: the Acrossocheilus yunnanensis in main harm fry and fingerling stage, can cause explosive dead.The symptom main manifestations is, the health blackout, become thin, and often is gathered in water inlet or groupuscule and is distributed in the corner, fishpond, floats on the water body upper strata, or static dull, or manicly alters trip.Control use wheel once clean (composition: ethylene bisdithiocarbamic ammonium), preventive dose 50ml/ mu, full pond float in every 15 days once.Therapeutic dose 80ml/ mu.
Claims (1)
1. the offspring seed cultivation method of an Acrossocheilus yunnanensis is characterized in that the concrete steps of this offspring seed cultivation method are as follows:
1.1 the membrane prelarva is supported temporarily
The membrane prelarva needs to support and spend the endogenous nutritional status temporarily, and selecting careat is 2～6m
2the cement pit of inwall tiling is as storage pond, holding pond; The seedling density of breeding fish temporarily is 0.3～0.4 ten thousand tails/m
2; 14～18 ℃ of water temperatures, temperature difference per day is no more than 2 ℃, and storage pond, holding pond keeps miniflow water, and height of water level is 0.3～0.5m, day exchange 3～4 times; At pond face bedding sunshade net, create dark quietly water body environment;
1.2 flowing water is cultivated fry and rich water is cultivated natural biological bait interlock combination
A. fry is flat swims and the lower pool: after the flat trip of the fry when 2/3, be invested in time outdoor fry rearing pond opening and cultivate; Under fry, the pool time is at 8-9 o'clock in the morning, throws in fry 2～30,000 tails for every mu;
B. the cultivation of fry initial feed and utilization: first 12 days of the flat trip of Acrossocheilus yunnanensis, in cultivating pond, the biological feed of fry rearing Chi Shangshuikouchu cultivates biological feed, that is: at the bottom of cultivating pond more than shop fixtures mud 15cm, by by fermentation and with the chicken manure after lime disinfection, at the bottom of being stacked at pond by every mu of 200kg, inject pond water 80cm dark, during 15 ℃ of water temperatures, through 10～12 days, cultivate, it is green that Chi Shui turns, a large amount of algae and wheel animalcule appear in Chi Shuizhong, directly the nutrition rich water in the food organisms culture pond is taken out and annotated in the fry rearing pond, fry picked-up unit cell algae and wheel animalcule for the just lower pool, the fry rearing pond still keeps the miniflow water state simultaneously, constantly slowly injects clean water source, controls fry rearing pond transparency at 50～60cm,
1.3 the artificial food of taming and dociling of fry
Micro-rich water flowing water is cultivated 8～10 days, the Acrossocheilus yunnanensis total length reaches 13～15mm, carry out the artificial food of taming and dociling, select eel powder that albumen quality percentage is 40% add after the water stirring and emulsifying along pool side splash the training fry by the natural bait of ingesting to manually joining the feed transition, day throws something and feeds 3 times, the every mu of 30g that at every turn throws something and feeds; After fish body total length reaches 18～20mm, reduce gradually to take out and annotate the rich water that natural bait is cultivated pond, strengthen and inject source of clean water, controlling fry rearing pond water transparency is 80～90cm; The carp powder that is 37% with albumen quality percentage by the eel powder after 1:1 mixes in mass ratio and water stir into pasty state, throw on the food platform and peck at for Acrossocheilus yunnanensis, day throw something and feed 3 times, the single feeding volume was eaten up as good in 1～2 hour; 40 age in days fry total lengths reach 30 ± 5mm, change and throw the carp broken material that albumen quality percentage is 37%, and a day feeding volume accounts for 5～6% of fish body weight;
1.4 the middle and later periods fry feeding and management
The fry total length reaches 50mm and changes later and throw the carp seed material that albumen quality percentage that particle diameter is 1mm is 37%.Day feeding volume accounts for 3～4% of fish body weight; Control the exchange on the 3rd～4 of fry rearing pond water body once, keep fry rearing pond water transparency to reach 90～100cm; Allowing at the bottom of pool wall and pond and to give birth to appropriate thread algae and scrape food for Acrossocheilus yunnanensis; Adhere to sooner or later patrolling the pool every day, check and the cleaning fish barrier; The cleaning residual bait in pond and foreign material, guarantee that the intake-outlet current are unobstructed in time; After fry 100 ages in days, total length reaches 75 ± 5mm, and survival rate reaches 71.6%, enters the nurture of fish fingerlings stage;
1.5 common fish disease and prevent and treat method
Seed rearing is carried out monoculture, not with other fish mixed breeds, to prevent bringing into property fish disease, infects; Main illness and the method for preventing and treating are as follows:
A. bacterial gill rot disease: cardinal symptom is fish body blackout, becomes thin, and often is collected in water inlet or corner, fishpond, and on the gill, mucus increases, the dirt of often adhering, and gill filament swelling or part blackout are downright bad; Prevent and treat method: every 15 days full pool spilling head povidone iodine or full pond are all over spreading the C5H6Br2N2O2 tablet, and preventive dose is 50ml/ mu, and therapeutic dose is 80ml/ mu, after medication, stops into water 12h;
B. saprolegniasis: main manifestations, for for fish body damage location, to adhere to white floccule, affects the fish bulk-growth, causes expendable death when serious; Prevent and treat method: science operation in the seed rearing process, reduce the fish body injured, carry out in time fish body and water body disinfection, strengthen daily managing and protecting, build up health;
C. trichodinasis: the Acrossocheilus yunnanensis in main harm fry and fingerling stage, can cause explosive dead; The symptom main manifestations is, the health blackout, become thin, and often is gathered in water inlet or groupuscule and is distributed in the corner, fishpond, floats on the water body upper strata, or static dull, or manicly alters trip; Prevent and treat method: the wheel of using composition and be ethylene bisdithiocarbamic ammonium is once clean, preventive dose 50ml/ mu, and full pond float in every 15 days is once; Therapeutic dose 80ml/ mu.
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