CN104396601B - A kind of shaping and trimming method promoting Paeonia ostii seed to get bumper crops - Google Patents
A kind of shaping and trimming method promoting Paeonia ostii seed to get bumper crops Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of shaping and trimming method promoting Paeonia ostii seed to get bumper crops, comprise the steps: that (1) field planting is done surely from ground 15-20cm cutting back then；(2) Second Year is selected and remain major branch: 5-6 major branch of primary election in spring, the coppice spout of erase trunk and root, winter selectes 3, major branch, and retains 4-5 bud cutting back；(3) the 3rd years primary lateral branches of selecting and remain；(4) the 4th years two grades of side shoots of selecting and remain.By above pruning measure, Paeonia ostii plant can being trained the tree-like of natural open centre shape, branch amount is big, is evenly distributed, ventilation and penetrating light, blossoms and bears fruit 1 year ahead of time, and hip number is big, and seed yield is high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to oil Paeonia suffruticosa Paeonia ostii seed high-yield cultivation technique field, relate to a kind of shaping and trimming method promoting Paeonia ostii seed to get bumper crops.
Background technology
Peony seed oil is a kind of fully natural green edible oil newly developed in recent years, obtains " new resource food " title promulgated by health ministry in March, 2011.Peony seed oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acid, multiple essential amino acid, various vitamin, mineral and Squalene, Flavonoid substances and polyphenolic substance isoreactivity composition, wherein alpha-linolenic acid content reaches more than 40%, is the significantly high edible oil of a kind of nutrition health-care functions.Paeonia ostii (Paeoniaostti) is big because of its amount of setting seeds, and oil yield is high, wide adaptability, and growth potential is strong, obtains popularizing planting on a large scale as oil Varieties of Peony in national multiple provinces in recent years.Paeonia ostii was medicinal Varieties of Peony originally, is used as medicine with root bark, is called peel of Paeonia ostii.Current Paeonia ostii Zhu Zai district still continues to use the management mode of traditional medicinal Peony growing, carry out pruning hardly, give free rein to growth, cause that branch amount is few, poor growth, enters and produces the seed phase later (raw Seedling field planting was just bloomed to the 4th year from 2 years, and entering the big volume production seed phase then will by the 6th year), make early stage land economic coefficient low, seriously limit the oil industrialization process of Paeonia suffruticosa.
Known pruning measure is the important cultivation technique promoting xylophyta early real high yield.Therefore, it is badly in need of researching and developing the pruning technique system that a set of applicable oil produces with Paeonia suffruticosa, to shorten the time of Paeonia ostii entrance productive phase, and seed yield is greatly improved.
Finding in production, the shoot growth habit of Paeonia ostii is different from common bunch type ornamental peonies kind, and it is less that it the raw native bud at rhizome place, and the descendant of generation is few, is generally not formed bunch type, but forms tall and big upright plant type, has obvious trunk；It addition, the old branch of Paeonia ostii is sturdy, internode is short, about 4-5cm, and bud germination thereon is strong, and major part sprouts into branch, and annual shoot (young sprout) is up to 40-50cm, and growth potential is strong.First bud is formed by terminal bud, opened the branch spent and is then become flower by axillalry bud.For this, it is thus achieved that early stage seed high yield it is crucial that promote the multiple branch of Paeonia ostii and cultivate Flowering Branches more.
Professional quarters are had to sum up from production practices at present, the shaping and trimming method adopting " stump fixed pole " can promote the multiple branch of Paeonia ostii: 1-3 after field planting, at root stump before and after annual October, wipe out the sprout of shoot apex or from 1cm place straight snips on the axillalry bud of 3-5cm near the ground, i.e. autumn " stump ", can increase individual plant rudiment number, branch number.The raw tree seedling field planting for 2 years, 2 branches are stayed in the every strain of the field planting Paeonia ostii of 1 year, and field planting stays 3-4 branch in 2 years, through twice stump, generally have 3-6 major branch, and 2-3 branch is sent out in the every annual meeting of each branch again；Field planting stays 5-8 branch to be advisable for 3 years, it is ensured that every strain yields positive results about 20；In conjunction with rational pruning and management, yield can increase by more than 30% on existing basis.
Above pruning method for increasing the branch quantity of Paeonia ostii, to cultivate more Flowering Branches really effective, but it is tree-like and how to maintain bearing tree high and stable yield and still lack systematic research which kind of should to build for Paeonia ostii.And scientific and reasonable tree-like be the skeleton basis of Paeonia ostii high and stable yield, it is necessary in addition clear and definite.Find through our research, should to be transformed into natural open centre shape by pruning tree-like by tree-like for natural for Paeonia ostii erect type, be conducive to cultivation and the tree body ventilation and penetrating light of fruitful branch, early, early high yield, blooms and presents three-dimensional result, and seed yield is high, quality better.
The present invention starts with from cultivating rational tree-like skeleton, observed on the basis that the Paeonia ostii plant reaction to pruning etc. is studied at continuous 3 years, discloses the pruning technique of a set of short Paeonia ostii seed high yield.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to adapt to peony seed oil and produce the demand to seed yield, it is provided that a kind of suitable shaping and trimming method ensureing that Paeonia ostii seed is got bumper crops.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of shaping and trimming method promoting oil Paeonia suffruticosa Paeonia ostii seed high yield, comprises the steps:
(1) the raw Paeonia ostii seedling in 2 years of field planting in the autumn then full bud place from ground 15-20cm carries out cutting back and surely does；
(2) during Second Year Paeonia ostii mid-March young sprout pumping, utilize the 1 year tissue regeneration promoting tip sprouting on trunk or give birth to sublateral shoot then, therefrom select 5-6 distance be suitable, orientation suitable (wattles on plant have the vertical dimension of 5-10cm between raw position, and the orientation of distribution is different within the scope of direction, 360 degree, all directions, mutually not overlapping) branch as major branch candidate, more than the major branch inserted part the highest from ground, center branch is cut, locate on following stem by surely doing simultaneously and the coppice spout of root is all erased；Selected 3 vigorous branches that distance is suitable, orientation is suitable, as major branch, retained 4-5 bud and carried out cutting back from plant mid-November；Additionally 2-3 terminal bud forms the annual shoot of bud as Flowering Branches reservation；
Namely the terminal bud pumping spray having part annual shoot in (3) the 3rd years blooms product seed, from each major branch, select and remain 4-5 mid-March distance be suitable, orientation suitable (different young sprouts on major branch have the vertical dimension of 3-5cm between raw position, and be evenly distributed in the both sides of major branch) young sprout as primary lateral branches candidate；Continuing to erase surely to do locates on following trunk and the coppice spout of root；Mid-November, on each major branch selected 3 be evenly distributed, more sturdy branch is as primary lateral branches, and it retained 3-4 bud carry out cutting back；Additionally 1-2 terminal bud forms the side shoot of bud as Flowering Branches reservation；Split the branch spent and wipe out the withered part in top；
Namely (4) the 4th years Paeonia ostii enter product seed of blooming and contain the phase, from each primary lateral branches, select and remain 3-4 mid-March distance be suitable, orientation suitable (different young sprouts on primary lateral branches have the vertical dimension of 2-4cm between raw position, and be evenly distributed in the both sides of primary lateral branches) young sprout as two grades of side shoot candidates；Continuing to erase surely to do locates on following trunk and the coppice spout of root；Mid-November, the selected two grades of side shoot 2-3 being evenly distributed were individual on each primary lateral branches；Remove the intersection branch on plant, overlapping branch, interior to branch, make all of branch on tree be evenly distributed；Branch with a grain of salt is wiped out respectively the withered part in top.
Wherein, every 667m before field planting2Soil executes the 200-400kg sheep stool become thoroughly decomposed, 10～50kg slow-release fertilizer；Annual early or mid Febuary plant sprouting period and spend the first tenday period of a month in May withered after, each tree imposes compound fertilizer 50g, the rare-earth fertilizer of foliage-spray 0.1% concentration；After pruning mid-November, each tree executes 200-400g chicken manure and 20g slow-release fertilizer.
Autumn then described in step (1) be mid-September-mid-October；Described cutting back is fixed dry is all cut from the twig that 15-20cm place, ground is above by 2 years raw Paeonia ostii seedling trunks.
Step (2) major branch is that length is more than 25cm, the base portion rugosity branch more than 0.2cm.
The primary lateral branches that step (3) is selected and remain is that length is more than 15cm, the rugosity branch more than 0.1cm.
Annual shoot is wiped out part naturally withered below top by step (4).
The compound fertilizer imposed in early or mid Febuary and the first tenday period of a month in May is nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=16:16:16, the compound fertilizer of commercially available any brand of total nutrient content >=48%, it is preferable that " A Kang " board compound fertilizer of Russia's import.
The nitrogen of described slow-release fertilizer: phosphorus: the molar ratio of potassium element is: 14:13:13, slow-release period: 5-6 month；" green No. 5 difficult to understand " slow-release fertilizer that preferred Scotts company produces.
Described rare-earth fertilizer is rare-earth fertilizer or the RE microbial fertilizer of commercially available any manufacturer production commonly used in the art, it is preferable that " green overlord " board high-tech rare-earth fertilizer that Baotou factory of Ruo Ersi compound fertilizer produces.
The key point of the present invention:
(1) grow and the feature bloomed according to Paeonia ostii shoot growth, pruning is carried out according to natural open centre shape is tree-like, by fixed dry in time after field planting, annual bud picking in spring with winter cutting back, sparse branching prune combine, major branch of selecting and remain year by year, primary lateral branches, two grades of side shoots, make tree body branch amount big, spatial distribution is reasonable, yield positive results ahead of time, and enter Sheng after date of blooming and can ensure the fruitful branch that quantity is stable, make Paeonia ostii high and stable yield.
(2) prune in combination with rational fertilising, meet the nutrition needed for tree body shoot growth, for promoting that Basal nutrition is established in the growth of tree body Flowering Branches.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
Adopt the shaping and trimming method of the present invention, Paeonia ostii plant can be trained the tree-like of natural open centre shape, make many more than 1 times of the tree that the total amount of branch is less pruned and branch being evenly distributed on plant, ventilation and penetrating light；Wherein Flowering Branches is done sth. in advance to be formed for 1 year, and entrance is produced the seed phase and done sth. in advance 1 year；After entering full-bloom stage, Flowering Branches quantity increases by more than 2 times, and individual plant seed yield improves more than 2 times.And ensured the Paeonia ostii tree body Flowering Branches basis at the high and stable yield of following 50-60, provide material guarantee for the oil fast development of Paeonia suffruticosa industry, have important practical significance.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described further.
A kind of shaping and trimming method promoting oil Paeonia suffruticosa Paeonia ostii seed high yield, its step is as follows:
(1) fixed dry: on October 14th, 2010 by raw Paeonia ostii Seedling field planting in 2 years, every 667m before field planting2Soil executes 25kg sheep stool, 3kg " green No. 5 difficult to understand " slow-release fertilizer；Seeding row spacing adopts 40cm × 50cm, fixed dry from 15cm place, ground after field planting；
(2) select and remain major branch: before rudiment on February 15 in 2011, each tree imposes compound fertilizer 50g, the rare-earth fertilizer of foliage-spray 0.1% concentration；March 16, when rudiment length to 8-10cm, utilize the 1 year tissue regeneration promoting tip sprouting on trunk or give birth to sublateral shoot then, therefrom selected that 5 distances are suitable, orientation be properly wattles on plant have the vertical dimension of 5-10cm between raw position, and the orientation of distribution is different within the scope of direction, 360 degree, all directions, mutual nonoverlapping branch is as major branch candidate, more than the major branch inserted part that distance ground is the highest, center branch is cut, locate on following trunk by surely doing simultaneously and the coppice spout of root is all erased；Body was set prosperous for a long time May 8, each tree imposes " A Kang " board compound fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=16:16:16 of Russia's production, total nutrient content >=48%) 50g, " green overlord " board high-tech rare-earth fertilizer that the additional Baotou factory of Ruo Ersi compound fertilizer spraying 0.1% produces；November 18, from plant, selected 3 vigorous branches that distance is suitable, orientation is suitable are as major branch, retain 4 buds and carry out cutting back；Other 2 terminal buds form the annual shoot of bud and retain as Flowering Branches, and remaining weak branch, brachyplast all remove；
(3) select and remain primary lateral branches: 5 distances of selecting and remain from each major branch on March 18th, 2012 are suitable, orientation properly namely different young sprouts on major branch have the vertical dimension of 3-5cm between raw position, and be evenly distributed in the young sprout of major branch both sides as primary lateral branches candidate；Continuing to erase surely to do locates on following trunk and the coppice spout of root；April 7, the terminal bud pumping spray of part annual shoot blooms, and 2 flowers are opened in average every strain.November 16, on each major branch selected 3 be evenly distributed, more sturdy annual shoot is as primary lateral branches, and it retained 4 buds carry out cutting back；Other 2 terminal buds form the side shoot of bud and retain as Flowering Branches；Split the branch spent and wipe out the withered part in top；The same step of fertilizing method (2).
(4) select and remain two grades of side shoots: 3-4 the distance of selecting and remain from each primary lateral branches on March 15th, 2013 is suitable, orientation properly namely different young sprouts on primary lateral branches have the vertical dimension of 2-4cm between raw position, and be evenly distributed in the young sprout of both sides of primary lateral branches as two grades of side shoot candidates；Continuing to erase surely to do locates on following trunk and the coppice spout of root；April 10,5 flowers were opened in Paeonia ostii on average every strain；Mid-November, the selected two grades of side shoot 2-3 being evenly distributed were individual on each primary lateral branches；Remove the intersection branch on plant, overlapping branch, interior to branch, make all of branch on tree be evenly distributed；And the branch retained is wiped out respectively the withered part in top.
(5) entering the pruning of Sheng after date of blooming: on April 8th, 2014, average every strain Paeonia ostii opens 10 flowers, enters and blooms the Sheng phase.Now Plantlet formation natural open centre shape is tree-like, and branches at different levels are uniformly distributed, and makes full use of space, whole plant ventilation and penetrating light, and position of yielding positive results presents three-dimensional, and flowering quality is good, Hua great, and seed development is good, and when gathering, mass of 1000 kernel is higher than the plant do not pruned.The developmental state having investigated 20 strain Paeonia ostii plant on November 10 finds (such as table 1), compared with the plant do not pruned, branch total amount on the Paeonia ostii plant of pruning adds 1.61 times in the present inventive method, wherein long shoot number adds 2.71 times, flower bud number adds 2.60 times, and invalid descendant number is zero.It is tree-like that whole strain tree forms natural open centre shape, and branches at different levels are evenly distributed, ventilation and penetrating light.
Table 1 pruning impact (investigation on November 10th, 2014) on Paeonia ostii Tree growth
| Process | Branch total quantity (individual) | Long shoot (length > 30cm) number (individual) | Root turion branch number (individual) | Flower bud number (individual) |
| Do not prune | 5.2 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 4.3 |
| Prune | 13.6 | 7.8 | 0 | 15.5 |
November 12,1/3 cutting back that carries out opening the branch spent then wherein more healthy and stronger is urged axillalry bud rejuvenation, and thinner and more delicate carrying out removes, and makes the branch quantity on whole strain tree maintain rational level, remove intersection branch, overlapping branch simultaneously, make all of branch on tree be evenly distributed.
Those skilled in the art should know; the protection scheme of the present invention is not limited only to the above embodiments; various permutation and combination and conversion can also be carried out on the basis of above-described embodiment; under the premise without prejudice to spirit of the present invention, the various conversion that the present invention is carried out all fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the shaping and trimming method promoting oil Paeonia suffruticosa Paeonia ostii seed high yield, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
(1) the raw Paeonia ostii seedling in 2 years of field planting in the autumn then full bud place from ground 15-20cm carries out cutting back and surely does；
(2) during Second Year Paeonia ostii mid-March young sprout pumping, utilize the 1 year tissue regeneration promoting tip sprouting on trunk or give birth to sublateral shoot then, therefrom select 5-6 the branch that distance is suitable, orientation is suitable as major branch candidate, more than the major branch inserted part that distance ground is the highest, center branch is cut, locate on following stem by surely doing simultaneously and the coppice spout of root is all erased；Selected 3 vigorous branches that distance is suitable, orientation is suitable, as major branch, retained 4-5 bud and carried out cutting back from plant mid-November；Additionally 2-3 terminal bud forms the annual shoot of bud as Flowering Branches reservation；
The terminal bud pumping spray of (3) the 3rd years part annual shootes blooms, and 4-5 the young sprout that distance is suitable, orientation is suitable of selecting and remain from each major branch mid-March is as primary lateral branches candidate；Continuing to erase surely to do locates on following trunk and the coppice spout of root；Mid-November, on each major branch selected 3 be evenly distributed, more sturdy branch is as primary lateral branches, and it retained 3-4 bud carry out cutting back；Additionally 1-2 terminal bud forms the side shoot of bud as Flowering Branches reservation；Split the branch spent and wipe out the withered part in top；
(4) the 4th years Paeonia ostii enter blooms the Sheng phase, and 3-4 the young sprout that distance is suitable, orientation is suitable of selecting and remain from each primary lateral branches mid-March is as two grades of side shoot candidates；Continuing to erase surely to do locates on following trunk and the coppice spout of root；Mid-November, the selected two grades of side shoot 2-3 being evenly distributed were individual on each primary lateral branches；Remove the intersection branch on plant, overlapping branch, interior to branch, make all of branch on tree be evenly distributed；Branch with a grain of salt is wiped out the withered part in top；
Wherein, every 667m before field planting2Soil executes the 200-400kg sheep stool become thoroughly decomposed, 10～50kg slow-release fertilizer；Annual early or mid Febuary plant sprouting period and spend the first tenday period of a month in May withered after, each tree imposes compound fertilizer 50g, the rare-earth fertilizer of foliage-spray 0.1% concentration；After pruning mid-November, each tree executes 200-400g chicken manure and 20g slow-release fertilizer.
2. pruning method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the distance described in step (2) is suitable, orientation properly refer to wattles on plant have the vertical dimension of 5-10cm between raw position, and it is not the orientation of distribution is different within the scope of direction, 360 degree, all directions, overlapping mutually；Described major branch is that length is more than 25cm, the base portion rugosity branch more than 0.2cm.
3. pruning method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the distance described in step (3) is suitable, orientation properly refer to different young sprout on major branch have the vertical dimension of 3-5cm between raw position, and be evenly distributed in the both sides of major branch.
4. pruning method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the primary lateral branches that step (3) is selected and remain is that length is more than 15cm, the rugosity branch more than 0.1cm.
5. pruning method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the distance described in step (4) is suitable, orientation properly refer to different young sprout on primary lateral branches have the vertical dimension of 2-4cm between raw position, and be evenly distributed in the both sides of primary lateral branches.
6. pruning method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that annual shoot is wiped out part naturally withered below top by step (4).
7. pruning method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the compound fertilizer that early or mid Febuary and the first tenday period of a month in May impose is nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=16:16:16, the compound fertilizer of commercially available any brand of total nutrient content >=48%.
8. pruning method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the nitrogen of described slow-release fertilizer: phosphorus: the molar ratio of potassium element is: 14:13:13, slow-release period: 5-6 month.
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104770174A (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2015-07-15 | 芜湖市丹洋现代农业科技发展有限公司 | High-quality and high-yield planting method of oil peonies |
| CN106665245A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-17 | 安阳市农业科学院 | Multiple-trunk natural-open-center-shaped shaping and trimming method of lagerstroemia crape |
| CN107258427A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-10-20 | 甘肃省农业科学院林果花卉研究所 | It is a kind of to prevent and treat the pruning method that the female branch of Paeonia papaveracea is degenerated |
| CN107223438B (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2020-06-23 | 河南科技大学 | Trunk setting management method for single-trunk oil peonies |
| CN109089712A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2018-12-28 | 徐兆林 | A kind of quick three major branch of formation fruit tree is got bumper crops tree-like technical method |
| CN110432025A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-11-12 | 洛阳牡丹发展中心 | A kind of oil tree peony high yield type pruning method |
| CN113179846A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-07-30 | 云南省林业和草原科学院 | High-yield promoting pruning method for smilax scobinicaulis |
| CN114586595B (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2023-03-21 | 洛阳农林科学院 | Cultivation method for rapidly increasing plant height of peony |
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| CN102715056A (en) * | 2012-07-03 | 2012-10-10 | 句容市春来早果品专业合作社 | Method for shaping and pruning open center-shaped peach tree with three main branches |
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