CN113179846A - High-yield promoting pruning method for smilax scobinicaulis - Google Patents
High-yield promoting pruning method for smilax scobinicaulis Download PDFInfo
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- CN113179846A CN113179846A CN202110576328.8A CN202110576328A CN113179846A CN 113179846 A CN113179846 A CN 113179846A CN 202110576328 A CN202110576328 A CN 202110576328A CN 113179846 A CN113179846 A CN 113179846A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention provides a pruning method for promoting high yield of smilax scobinicaulis, which comprises the following steps: a planting pruning method in the current year and a pruning method after putting on the shelf; the current-year planting and pruning method comprises the following steps: selecting and reserving a main branch, and cutting off the top of the main branch to ensure that the height of the main branch is not higher than 100 cm; cutting the rest branches above the ground, wherein 2 buds are left on each cut branch, and the height of each cut branch is 6-10 cm; the trimming method after putting on shelf comprises the following steps: broken top, thinned branch and truncated. The method can be used for pruning, fully utilize the growth characteristics of the smilax scobinicaulis, control the vegetative growth of the smilax scobinicaulis and promote the reproductive growth of the smilax scobinicaulis, thereby achieving the purpose of greatly increasing the yield of target products, namely tender branches and buds.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a pruning method for promoting high yield of smilax scobinicaulis.
Background
Smilax scobinicaulis, Liliaceae, genus Smilax. It is usually seen at an altitude of 1300-2200 m. The smilax plants have the medicinal effects of dispelling wind, promoting blood circulation, relieving cough, moistening lung, treating arthralgia and the like, and the medicinal parts mainly comprise rhizomes. The rhizome also contains a large amount of starch, and can be extracted for eating or industrial use, and can be eaten after being soaked in wine. Through investigation, in the Delhong state of Yunnan province, well-grown plants are mainly distributed in the area with the altitude of 1300-1850 m. The local people often go into the mountain to pick up the tender tips and flowers of wild smilax scobinicaulis in the period of 3-6 months every year for eating. Because the mulberry leaf tea has unique taste and the characteristic of dual purposes of medicine and food, the mulberry leaf tea can be incorporated into the plant with homology of medicine and food, can be planted in a large scale and introduced into the market, and is in accordance with the ecological health concepts of medicine and food, ecological food, forest health maintenance, medicine source plant and the like in the current society.
However, although the wild smilax davidiana has a certain resource distribution, the amount of tender tips and flowers and fruits which can be harvested by a single plant is very small, the wild smilax davidiana is mainly supplied to the root system and the vegetative growth of the wild smilax davidiana, the single plant can be as high as more than 8m, the wild smilax davidiana is not beneficial to harvesting, meanwhile, the harvested tender tips and buds grow excessively, and the wild smilax davidiana is aged and not suitable for eating.
After investigation and field test, the sarsaparilla has not been cultivated on a large scale, is mostly sold in the market at sporadic times, and is purchased by the masses once spread. Therefore, research and development of a method capable of improving the bud and twig drawing amount of the smilax scobinicaulis plant are urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a pruning method capable of improving the bud and twig drawing amount of a smilax corm plant.
A pruning method for promoting high yield of smilax scobinicaulis comprises the following steps: a planting pruning method in the current year and a pruning method after putting on the shelf;
the current-year planting and pruning method comprises the following steps: selecting and reserving a main branch, and cutting off the top of the main branch to ensure that the height of the main branch is not higher than 100 cm; cutting the rest branches above the ground, wherein 2 buds are left on each cut branch, and the height of each cut branch is 6-10 cm;
the trimming method after putting on shelf comprises the following steps: cutting off the top, thinning branches and cutting short;
the broken top is as follows: pruning the top ends of the main branches and the first-level branches of the plants to be at least one fourth of the length of the branches, and pruning every year; the whole height of the plant after being put on the shelf is controlled to be 150 cm-190 cm;
the thinning is as follows: removing central disorder, winding branches and vegetative growth branches, and keeping fruit branches;
the short section is as follows: reserving 2-4 main branches which germinate from the ground and are erected on the ground, and cutting off weak branches; weaker branches are not retained; the rest 2 bud mouths are reserved for culturing the target product twigs.
Further, as described above, the pruning method for the current-year permanent planting aims to increase the number of shoots sprouting; the goal of the post-shelve pruning method is to increase the yield of shoots and un-bloomed buds.
Further, as in the above-described method, the pruning time of the current-year permanent planting pruning method is 2 months.
Further, in the method, the trimming time of the trimming method after shelving is 3 months to 4 months from the first year after the plants are shelved.
Has the advantages that:
the method can fully utilize the growth characteristics of the smilax scobinicaulis, control the vegetative growth of the smilax scobinicaulis and promote the reproductive growth of the smilax scobinicaulis, thereby achieving the purpose of greatly increasing the yield of target products, namely tender branches and tender buds. And the growth is vigorous, the tree vigor is strong, and the root system is developed. After pruning, plant nutrition can be fully supplied to the main branches, the fruit bearing branches and the root systems, the growth amount of the plants is promoted, stable tree shapes can be formed in the current year, the plant trees are artificially pruned in the second year of field planting to form hollow structures, and then the yield of target products is multiplied. After the field planting, the main roots are developed and strong, and the roots can be dug into the medicine. The pruning method is simple to operate and has a strong yield-increasing effect.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention are described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the method for promoting the yield of the smilax scobinicaulis, one type is pruning after plants form bush and the other type is pruning after planting in the same year.
The plant with the bush formed has more old branches and bare-grown branches according to the growth characteristics, irregular new branches can grow under the condition of no intervention, the number of the new branches is small, and after a period of growth period, the new branches and the old branches are interlaced and disorderly wound, so that the ventilation and the photosynthesis of the whole bush are not facilitated. And the old branches and the bare-grown branches consume more plant nutrients, so that the number of new sprouts and the nutrient supply of flowering melon fruit branches are reduced, the growth of the whole plant is influenced, and the income to a plant target product is greatly reduced. Aiming at the situation, the pruning method provided by the invention can promote the germination of flowers and fruit branches of plants, allows the plants to climb on a frame after the frame is built, artificially controls the growth trend of the plants, creates a space beneficial to the growth of target products, is convenient for large-scale planting management, and promotes high yield; the sarsaparilla planted in the current year needs to be cultivated into tree forms and first-level and second-level branches are cultivated, so that the foundation is laid for high yield in the next year. Meanwhile, the yield increase benefit of the target product is improved in the growth period.
Two trimming modes are provided:
the first trimming method comprises the following steps: pruning method for planting in the same year (culture bush)
Pruning time, method and target product
And (3) target products: twig of tender
Trimming time: the sarsaparilla is partially withered and fallen leaves (the lowest temperature is around 1 month) from the bottom of 12 months to 2 months of the next year basically, and the pruning time is determined to be 2 months according to the biological characteristics of the sarsaparilla.
The pruning method comprises the following steps: leaving a main branch and a remaining branch short section (not on the shelf, culture bush)
Short-cut: namely, one main branch is selected and remained, the top of the main branch is cut off, and the height of the main branch is fixed to be not higher than 100cm at the later stage. And (3) cutting the rest branches above the ground, wherein 2 buds are remained on each cut branch, and the height after cutting is about 6-10 cm. The method increases the germination quantity of the target tender branches, and the newly germinated branches have earlier germination time than other positions, can be picked earlier and are favorable for market value sale. And the pruning method shapes the whole plant into a bush shape. And then, newly germinated twigs can be picked for sale in 2-5 months.
The whole height of the bush type plant is not higher than 100cm, so that the later period of picking the tender branches manually is facilitated. In the next year, trimming is carried out after the chopped branches newly germinate the first-level branches, the height is kept to be not higher than the main branches, namely 100cm, and then top breaking trimming is carried out every year, so that a large number of tender branches can be picked.
And (2) trimming method II: pruning after racking (time, method and pruning Length)
Pruning time, method and target product
And (3) target products: twig and bud (not blooming)
Trimming time: the ground part germinates between 2 months and 3 months per year, and the pruning method needs to be carried out after the plants are put on shelves. I.e. between 3 months and 4 months in the first year.
A trimming mode: broken top, sparse branch and short section
Breaking the top: namely pruning the top ends of the main branches and the first-level branches of the plants, wherein the length of the main branches and the top ends of the first-level branches is at least one fourth of the length of the branches, and pruning is carried out every year. The whole height of the plant after being put on the shelf is controlled to be 150 cm-190 cm.
Thinning branches: namely observing the overall shape of the plant, and removing the disordered center, winding branches and nutrient preserving long branches. Fruit branches are reserved, the whole nutrition supply of plants is guaranteed, and the germination of new branches and flowering and fruiting of the fruit branches are facilitated.
Short-cut: and reserving 2-4 whole plants to germinate from the ground (the number is determined according to the growth condition of root hairs and the tree age of the plants, more than 3 main branches can be preserved after the plants are planted for 2 years in a permanent planting mode generally), the main branches are put on the shelf, the rest weak branches are subjected to short-cut and cut, the weak branches are not reserved and should be cut, and the rest of the weak branches are reserved with 2 bud mouths for culturing target product twigs.
In the current year of field planting, the growth of main branches and root hairs is aimed to be cultured, the main branches can climb on an I-shaped frame and an A-shaped frame, and a tree shape which is favorable for sprouting, flowering and fruiting is formed under manual pruning. The free growth of the plant is avoided, branches are intertwined, the tree shape is complex, the later period management is not facilitated, and the target product yield is influenced. After the full-year planting, tree pruning is further carried out according to the principle that the tree shape is hollow, ventilated and breathable and is beneficial to photosynthesis of plants, and the tree pruning aims to promote branch germination and remove vegetative growth branches so as to ensure that nutrition is supplied to root system growth and fruiting branch growth and ensure that the tree shape of the plants is uniform integrally.
Attention on trimming:
the pruning should be done following the sequence of one view two plan three implement four check five repair.
1. And (4) observation: observing the tree shape and the tree vigor of the target tree, observing the growth equilibrium condition of the target tree, and observing the distance between the target tree and the peripheral plants.
2. Planning, namely, adjusting the tree shape and the tree shape by considering the position of the starting point of pruning through the previous observation.
3. The implementation is as follows: pruning is carried out according to the top breaking and tree shape adjustment of the main branches from top to bottom. Wherein, dead branches, weak branches and winding disordered branches are firstly treated. Then, the long branches are trimmed and then the short branches are trimmed.
4. And (4) checking: and (4) checking the pruned plants, checking the fruit branch retaining condition and the bud retaining condition according to the tree shape, and perfecting again.
5. Repairing: and (4) coating callus cream or paint on the cut of the trimmed branch, observing whether other cuts exist or not, and processing.
And finally, cleaning the pruned branches.
According to investigation, although the wild smilax davidiana has a certain resource distribution, the amount of tender tips and flowers and fruits which can be harvested by a single plant is very small, the wild smilax davidiana nutrition is mainly supplied to the root system and the vegetative growth of the wild smilax davidiana, the plant height of the single plant can be more than 8m, the picking is not facilitated, meanwhile, the harvested tender tips and buds grow excessively, and the wild smilax davidiana. The target product yield of a single plant of the smilax scobinicaulis after artificial intervention management and timely collection and pruning is more than 8 times that of wild smilax scobinicaulis, namely the average of the tender branches and tender flowers of the wild smilax scobinicaulis in 3-6 months is 126g, the average of the tender branches and tender flowers in 3-year old smilax scobinicaulis in 3-6 months can be used for collecting the tender branches and tender flowers 1117g (see table 1). And the growth is vigorous, the tree vigor is strong, and the root system is developed. After pruning, plant nutrition can be fully supplied to the main branches, the fruit bearing branches and the root systems, the growth amount of the plants is promoted, stable tree shapes can be formed in the current year, the plant trees are artificially pruned in the second year of field planting to form hollow structures, and then the yield of target products is doubled. After the field planting, the main roots are developed and strong, and the roots can be dug into the medicine. The pruning method is simple to operate and has a strong yield-increasing effect.
TABLE 1
The invention manages and timely collects and prunes the smilax scobinicaulis by artificial intervention, the yield of a single target product is more than 8 times of that of the wild smilax bonnies, namely the yield of the tender branches and tender flowers of the wild smilax bonnies in 3 to 6 months is 126g on average, and the yield of the tender branches and tender flowers of the wild smilax bonnies in 3 years can be 1117g on average in 3 to 6 months.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A pruning method for promoting high yield of smilax scobinicaulis, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: a planting pruning method in the current year and a pruning method after putting on the shelf;
the current-year planting and pruning method comprises the following steps: selecting and reserving a main branch, and cutting off the top of the main branch to ensure that the height of the main branch is not higher than 100 cm; cutting the rest branches above the ground, wherein 2 buds are left on each cut branch, and the height of each cut branch is 6-10 cm;
the trimming method after putting on shelf comprises the following steps: cutting off the top, thinning branches and cutting short;
the broken top is as follows: pruning the top ends of the main branches and the first-level branches of the plants to be at least one fourth of the length of the branches, and pruning every year; the whole height of the plant after being put on the shelf is controlled to be 150 cm-190 cm;
the thinning is as follows: removing central disorder, winding branches and vegetative growth branches, and keeping fruit branches;
the short section is as follows: reserving 2-4 main branches which germinate from the ground and are erected on the ground, and cutting off weak branches; weaker branches are not retained; the rest 2 bud mouths are reserved for culturing the target product twigs.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the pruning method for current year colonization aims to increase the number of shoots sprouting; the goal of the post-shelve pruning method is to increase the yield of shoots and un-bloomed buds.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the pruning time for the current year permanent planting pruning method is 2 months.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the pruning time for the post-shelve pruning method is between 3 and 4 months from the end of the first year after the plant is shelved.
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2021
- 2021-05-26 CN CN202110576328.8A patent/CN113179846A/en active Pending
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| CN103202150A (en) * | 2012-01-11 | 2013-07-17 | 马明宝 | Pruning and shaping cultivation method of honeysuckle flowers |
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| CN103430800A (en) * | 2013-08-28 | 2013-12-11 | 河南恒盈懿丰农牧有限公司 | Early-fruiting walnut dwarfing cultivating method |
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