CN105918059A - Hazelnut planting method - Google Patents
Hazelnut planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105918059A CN105918059A CN201610339923.9A CN201610339923A CN105918059A CN 105918059 A CN105918059 A CN 105918059A CN 201610339923 A CN201610339923 A CN 201610339923A CN 105918059 A CN105918059 A CN 105918059A
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- fibert
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
A hazelnut planting method comprises steps as follows: hole digging, fertilizer placement in, singling, mulching, fertilizer application, field care, autumn harvest and storage, autumn fertilizing or spring fertilizing and freeze-up water irrigation before winter. According to the hazelnut planting method, hazelnut trees has broader adaptability to the land and is adaptable to multiple soil and terrains, and the adaptability of planting of hazelnuts to the environment is improved; the cold tolerance of the hazelnut trees is effectively improved, and the method is particularly applicable to the northern area in China; the pruning manner for the hazelnut trees is particularly described in detail, crowns can be shaped and only an appropriate quantity of main branches, lateral branches and bearing branches are maintained through continuous pruning for 4 to 5 years, and a larger number of fuller and higher-quality fruits are borne by the hazelnut trees; with the adoption of the hazelnut planting method, the labor cost is saved, the management cost is reduced, and the quality of finished products is also improved; meanwhile, the hazelnut planting method is applicable to planting and management of all hazelnut trees and has high applicability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology field, specifically provide the implantation methods of a kind of fibert.
Background technology
Fibert, as popular nut fruits food, has been widely recognized.But in commercially available fibert, mostly be into the fibert tested of water missing inspection, what it was born behind is low yield in the middle of fibert harvest process, the outstanding problem of Empty grain rate low-quality, high.For this problem, process and screened, currently without avoiding ghost fibert and the method for high yield fibert on source by operations such as the inspections in the middle of fibert process.Major part hazel tree is not particularly suited for high and cold northern area plantation simultaneously, and therefore the region of fibert is restricted stronger.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide fibert implantation methods that is a kind of that be applicable to various environment and that be high yield.
The present invention specifically provides a kind of fibert implantation methods, comprises the steps:
First Year is planted:
A, dig cave: cut 1/3rd of root system before field planting, make root system see new stubble；According to the size of seedling, dig diameter 40 ~ 50cm, the planting pit of deep 20cm.
B, enter fertilizer: after putting into farm manure that a 1kg about grafter become thoroughly decomposed or farm manure and the mixture of half two nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers in planting pit, add 8 ~ 12cm every loam or be added without every loam.
According to fertilization type, insert 10cm every loam, the thickness every loam to be properly added according to the kind of executed farm manure, and such as chicken manure is especially big because of its fertility, it is necessary to mixes the soil of 1/5th；Pig manure and sheep manure power are the biggest, it is necessary to use has been become thoroughly decomposed, and are otherwise easy to burn root.
C, determine strain: by seedling as entering the centre of the planting pit after fertilizer, by root system spread apart, insert wet soil；When being filled to half, gently carry nursery stock and make root system touch with soil；Continuing earthing, earthing limit, limit is treaded, and does not allow ventilative；Soil after treading is less than nursery stock ground footpath 3 ~ 5cm, according to the characteristic of shoot root system respiratory, notes adhering to, in the case of ensureing that seedling is lived, holding the deepest the most shallow principle in the depth of planting, and after planting, collar is concordant with ground or is less than ground 0 ~ 5cm.
D, overlay film: after backfill topsoil, tread backfill soil, after watering foot water seal hole, then passes the trunk of seedling with the square mulch film of the length of side 50 ~ 60cm and falls root, and is fixed by mulch film；Mulch film was opened when temperature raises in mid-June.
Mulch film is fixing mainly to be pressed mulch film surrounding with soil.Earthing mulch film has 3 benefits: one is to maintain moisture, removes the operation watered from, makes soil not harden；Two is suppression weed growth, and favourable fibert sapling grows up, and saves labour；Three is to improve soil temperature, makes hazel seedling early Fa Xingen, improves survival rate.
E, fixed dry: the most surely doing after planting seedling, heading height, at 60 ~ 70cm, cuts 4 or 5 full buds；Paint immediately after determining to do and/or paraffin smears clip, in case moisture loss, it is ensured that survival rate.
F, fertilising: for the hazel planted then after surviving, apply farm manure 1kg；Spray a conventional foliage fertilizer in late June to late August every first quarter moon, foliage fertilizer adds conventional bactericide and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.7% of mass ratio 0.5%.
Field nursing during G, plantation: include that insect pest preventing and controlling, field weeding, branches and leaves are pruned；
H, autumn harvest and storage；The maturity period of big fruit fibert and kind and climatic characteristic vegetatively, have close relationship.Ripening fruits is typically gathered to early September in mid or late August, airing to be dried to water content be 5% ~ 7%；Fibert fruit is to humiture reflection sensitivity, if temperature more than 20 DEG C or is shown in that light can accelerate its adipose conversion and can produce " rancidity " for a long time during storage, it is impossible to edible；Temperature is excessive or relative air humidity reaches more than 75%, and nut can be made mouldy dark, and therefore, storage condition is for being dried lucifuge, and storage temperature is 15 ~ 20 DEG C, and air themperature is 60% ~ 70%, and nut can be preserved 2 years and never degenerate.
I, Qiu Shi or spring execute: for result cobnut tree fruit in the fall gather after to soil freeze-up before, apply farm manure, be simultaneously introduced the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer of 150 grams；Or,
Autumn does not applies fertilizer, and selects to apply fertilizer before rudiment in spring next year.Spring executes effect and executes not as the autumn, and in order to rich bearing tree is strengthened, the spring executes and topdresses the most every year 2 times, and first is inferior to the first tenday period of a month in early April to May, hazel tree bud differentiation pollination at a time when this, fruit ovary increasing phase and young sprout growth period；2nd is inferior to early July to the middle ten days, because now fruit development, the differentiation branch that germinates enrich particularly important.
J, enter the winter before water the most freeze-up water, then root ridging training is real, can increase winter resistance.
Second Year plays repetition step F to J.
The fertilising of described step F, level land uses following manner: according to difference, the size of the age of tree, and digging away from trunk radius is, after appropriate fertilizer or fertilizer are applied in ditch with native mixture by 50 ~ 60 centimetres of annular grooves, to fill water, backfill；Hillside uses following manner: hillside is main fertilising with the first half, according to gradient size, fertilizer is executed at (away from trunk radius 50 centimetres) upper half way up the mountain (semicircular ditch), after appropriate fertilizer or fertilizer being applied in ditch with native mixture, fill water, backfill.
Fibert the most tree-like, no matter european railways or hybridize fibert, be up to shrub, and the height of tree is up to 5 to 8m, but cultivation heading height is 0.6 to 0.7m, so needing to prune after fibert plantation.Branches and leaves are pruned and are taked to do less plexi shape, cordon, many dry plexi shapes one of them or a combination thereof.Wherein:
Do plexi shape less: as shown in Figure of description 1 ~ 4, retain the raw branches of 3 ~ 4 bases and do major branch, and tiltedly raw stretch to different directions, on major branch raw side shoot, on side shoot raw nutrition branch and bearing basal shoot；Nature being integrally formed the most tree-like, the height of tree reaches 3-5m.
Cordon: as shown in Figure of description 5 ~ 10, retains the trunk of a high 0.6 ~ 0.7cm, 3 ~ 4 uniform major branches of branch of selecting and remain on trunk, select and remain on major branch side shoot, on side shoot raw secondary side shoot and bearing basal shoot, form short trunk, top is flowering naturally shape tree crown.Many dry plexi shapes: the raw branch of 5 ~ 8 bases of selecting and remain is as major branch, and the raw branch of remaining base is wiped out from base portion；After major branch selects, cultivation results branch and nutrition branch.
But many dry plexi shape trim mode major branches are too many, and nutrient distribution is unreasonable, not uses in the present invention.
Described doing during plexi shape prunes less, First Year, as shown in Figure 1, field planting annual seedling, nursery stock itself does not the most possess the raw branches of 3 bases, therefore should do by heavy pruning seedling, and trunk does 0.2 ~ 0.4m surely, and to promote that the raw branch of base is sprouted, next year selects and remain trunk；Second Year, as shown in Figure 2, select the raw branch of base of 3 ~ 4 different directions as major branch, light cutting back, cut and stay the 2/3 of branch, clip retains full outer lateral bud, and the raw branch of its complementary basis is cut from base portion；3rd year, as shown in Figure 3, major branch that light cutting back is selected and remain and elongated shoot, each major branch was selected and remain 2 ~ 3 side shoots, and light cutting back, forms happy shape tree crown, and side shoot high from ground to 0.5m on major branch is cut from base portion, notes removing in time descendant；4th year, as shown in Figure 4, continue cutting back master at different levels branch and elongated shoot, wipe out the side shoot less than 0.5m and descendant；Tree crown is made to continue to expand so that tree crown is molded.
During described cordon is pruned: First Year, as shown in Figure 6, field planting annual seedling, the most surely to do after planting, heading height is 0.6 ~ 0.7m, retains trunk height 0.5 ~ 0.6m, and trunk is vertically upward；Second Year, as shown in Figure 7,3 ~ 4, the major branch of raw different azimuth of selecting and remain on trunk, to every light cutting back of major branch, cut that branch is long 1/3, stay full outer lateral bud under clip；3rd year, as shown in Figure 8,2 ~ 3 side shoots of selecting and remain on every major branch, and light cutting back, the light cutting back of elongated shoot to every major branch, stay outer bud, the short bud of cella not to prune under clip；4th year, as shown in Figure 9, continue each master of light cutting back, the elongated shoot of side shoot so that tree crown is molded；5th year, as shown in Figure 10, light pruning, expand tree crown.
In many dry plexi shape pruning methods, when the base not enough main raw number of raw branch, select and remain in germinating branch as the raw branch of base.
Described pruning period is winter, spring, summer pruning: winter pruning was carried out in tree rest period, and general northern China winter dryness sleet is few, should not prune；Prune spring and prune in the March of tree rest period；Summer pruning was pruned in the tree season of growth, and the reasonable distribution for regulation nutrient is particularly important.
Spacing in the rows 2 meters, row strain 3 meters when described fibert is planted.Can plant 111 strains in every mu of 667 square metres of soils, 10000 square metres of every land measure equal to fifteen mu in most parts of the Northeast ground can plant 1670 strains.
In fibert implantation methods of the present invention, hazel tree is the most extensive to the applicability in soil, it is possible to adapt to numerous to soil and physical features, improves the plantation of the fibert adaptability to environment.Either the soil such as black earth, fertile soil, black yellow composite soil, river sand soil, sandy loam, thin sand and soil, riverbank warp, laterite, weathered rock and soil, all can plant；Particularly to the pH value accommodation of soil being expanded 5.5 ~ 8, the most weakly acidic ground or weakly alkaline salt-soda soil all can be planted and result.In a word, so long as not long-term waterlogged lowland, the environment such as colory fibert, even deserted mountain, wasteland or discarded orchard all can be planted out by the method for the present invention.
Use fibert implantation methods of the present invention, be effectively increased the cold resistance of hazel tree, be particularly well-suited to the northern area of China.The present invention describes in detail the trim mode of hazel tree especially, by the pruning of continuous 4 to five years, enable to tree crown shaping, and only remain appropriate major branch, side shoot and fruitful branch, therefore Nutrient distribution is reasonable, and nutrient will not be wasted for no reason, thus hazel tree to do the fruit tied the fullest, more, quality is higher.
Use fibert implantation methods of the present invention, save labour turnover, reduce management cost, improve the quality of finished product simultaneously.The present invention is applicable to plantation and the management of all hazel trees simultaneously, and applicability is strong.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with Figure of description, the present invention is described in further details:
Fig. 1 is to do the schematic diagram that First Year is done surely from shape shape pruning program less；
Fig. 2 is to do Second Year from shape shape pruning program less to select and remain the schematic diagram of major branch；
Fig. 3 is to do the schematic diagram of pruning in the 3rd year from shape shape pruning program less；
Fig. 4 is to do the schematic diagram of tree-like shaping in the 4th year from shape shape pruning program less；
Fig. 5 is to go alone tree-like schematic diagram in cordon pruning program；
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram that in cordon pruning program, First Year is done surely；
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram that in cordon pruning program, Second Year is deeplyd prune；
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of the 3rd year major branch of selecting and remain in cordon pruning program；
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of tree-like shaping in the 4th year in cordon pruning program；
Figure 10 is the 5th year tree light pruning in cordon pruning program, expands the schematic diagram of tree crown.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
It is an object of the invention to provide fibert implantation methods that is a kind of that be applicable to various environment and that be high yield.
The present invention specifically provides a kind of fibert implantation methods, comprises the steps:
First Year is planted:
A, dig cave: cut 1/3rd of root system before field planting, make root system see new stubble；According to the size of seedling, dig diameter 40 ~ 50cm, the planting pit of deep 20cm.
B, enter fertilizer: after putting into farm manure that a 1kg about grafter become thoroughly decomposed or farm manure and the mixture of half two nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers in planting pit, add 8 ~ 12cm every loam or be added without every loam.
According to fertilization type, insert 10cm every loam, the thickness every loam to be properly added according to the kind of executed farm manure, and such as chicken manure is especially big because of its fertility, it is necessary to mixes the soil of 1/5th；Pig manure and sheep manure power are the biggest, it is necessary to use has been become thoroughly decomposed, and are otherwise easy to burn root.
C, determine strain: by seedling as entering the centre of the planting pit after fertilizer, by root system spread apart, insert wet soil；When being filled to half, gently carry nursery stock and make root system touch with soil；Continuing earthing, earthing limit, limit is treaded, and does not allow ventilative；Soil after treading is less than nursery stock ground footpath 3 ~ 5cm, according to the characteristic of shoot root system respiratory, notes adhering to, in the case of ensureing that seedling is lived, holding the deepest the most shallow principle in the depth of planting, and after planting, collar is concordant with ground or is less than ground 0 ~ 5cm.
D, overlay film: after backfill topsoil, tread backfill soil, after watering foot water seal hole, then passes the trunk of seedling with the square mulch film of the length of side 50 ~ 60cm and falls root, and is fixed by mulch film；Mulch film was opened when temperature raises in mid-June.
Mulch film is fixing mainly to be pressed mulch film surrounding with soil.Earthing mulch film has 3 benefits: one is to maintain moisture, removes the operation watered from, makes soil not harden；Two is suppression weed growth, and favourable fibert sapling grows up, and saves labour；Three is to improve soil temperature, makes hazel seedling early Fa Xingen, improves survival rate.
E, fixed dry: the most surely doing after planting seedling, heading height, at 60 ~ 70cm, cuts 4 or 5 full buds；Paint immediately after determining to do and/or paraffin smears clip, in case moisture loss, it is ensured that survival rate.
F, fertilising: for the hazel planted then after surviving, apply farm manure；Spray a conventional foliage fertilizer in late June to late August every first quarter moon, foliage fertilizer adds conventional sterilization agent and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.7% of mass ratio 0.5%.
Field nursing during G, plantation: include that insect pest preventing and controlling, field weeding, branches and leaves are pruned；
H, autumn harvest and storage；The maturity period of big fruit fibert and kind and climatic characteristic vegetatively, have close relationship.Ripening fruits is typically gathered to early September in mid or late August, airing to be dried to water content be 5% ~ 7%；Fibert fruit is to humiture reflection sensitivity, if temperature more than 20 DEG C or is shown in that light can accelerate its adipose conversion and can produce " rancidity " for a long time during storage, it is impossible to edible；Temperature is excessive or relative air humidity reaches more than 75%, and nut can be made mouldy dark, and therefore, storage condition is for being dried lucifuge, and storage temperature is 15 ~ 20 DEG C, and air themperature is 60% ~ 70%, and nut can be preserved 2 years and never degenerate.
I, Qiu Shi or spring execute: for result cobnut tree fruit in the fall gather after to soil freeze-up before, apply farm manure, be simultaneously introduced the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer of 150 grams；Or,
Autumn does not applies fertilizer, and selects to apply fertilizer before rudiment in spring next year.Spring executes effect and executes not as the autumn, and in order to rich bearing tree is strengthened, the spring executes and topdresses the most every year 2 times, and first is inferior to the first tenday period of a month in early April to May, hazel tree bud differentiation pollination at a time when this, fruit ovary increasing phase and young sprout growth period；2nd is inferior to early July to the middle ten days, because now fruit development, the differentiation branch that germinates enrich particularly important.
J, enter the winter before water the most freeze-up water, then root ridging training is real, can increase winter resistance.
Second Year plays repetition step F to J.
The fertilising of described step F, level land uses following manner: according to difference, the size of the age of tree, and digging away from trunk radius is, after appropriate fertilizer or fertilizer are applied in ditch with native mixture by 50 ~ 60 centimetres of annular grooves, to fill water, backfill；Hillside uses following manner: hillside is main fertilising with the first half, and according to gradient size, digging away from trunk radius is, after appropriate fertilizer or fertilizer are applied in ditch with native mixture by 50 ~ 60 centimetres of annular grooves, to fill water, backfill；Hillside uses following manner: hillside is main fertilising with the first half, according to gradient size, fertilizer is executed at (away from trunk radius 50 centimetres) upper half way up the mountain (semicircular ditch), after appropriate fertilizer or fertilizer being applied in ditch with native mixture, fill water, backfill.
Fibert the most tree-like, no matter european railways or hybridize fibert, be up to shrub, and the height of tree is up to 5 to 8m, but cultivation heading height is 0.6 to 0.7m, so needing to prune after fibert plantation.Branches and leaves are pruned and are taked to do less plexi shape, cordon, many dry plexi shapes one of them or a combination thereof.Wherein:
Do plexi shape less: as shown in Figure of description 1 ~ 4, retain the raw branches of 3 ~ 4 bases and do major branch, and tiltedly raw stretch to different directions, on major branch raw side shoot, on side shoot raw nutrition branch and bearing basal shoot；Nature being integrally formed the most tree-like, the height of tree reaches 3-5m.
Cordon: as shown in Figure of description 5 ~ 10, retains the trunk of a high 0.6 ~ 0.7cm, 3 ~ 4 uniform major branches of branch of selecting and remain on trunk, select and remain on major branch side shoot, on side shoot raw secondary side shoot and bearing basal shoot, form short trunk, top is flowering naturally shape tree crown.Many dry plexi shapes: the raw branch of 5 ~ 8 bases of selecting and remain is as major branch, and the raw branch of remaining base is wiped out from base portion；After major branch selects, cultivation results branch and nutrition branch.
But many dry plexi shape trim mode major branches are too many, and nutrient distribution is unreasonable, not uses in the present invention.
Described doing during plexi shape prunes less, First Year, as shown in Figure 1, field planting annual seedling, nursery stock itself does not the most possess the raw branches of 3 bases, therefore should do by heavy pruning seedling, and trunk does 0.2 ~ 0.4m surely, and to promote that the raw branch of base is sprouted, next year selects and remain trunk；Second Year, as shown in Figure 2, select the raw branch of base of 3 ~ 4 different directions as major branch, light cutting back, cut and stay the 2/3 of branch, clip retains full outer lateral bud, and the raw branch of its complementary basis is cut from base portion；3rd year, as shown in Figure 3, major branch that light cutting back is selected and remain and elongated shoot, each major branch was selected and remain 2 ~ 3 side shoots, and light cutting back, forms happy shape tree crown, and side shoot high from ground to 0.5m on major branch is cut from base portion, notes removing in time descendant；4th year, as shown in Figure 4, continue cutting back master at different levels branch and elongated shoot, wipe out the side shoot less than 0.5m and descendant；Tree crown is made to continue to expand so that tree crown is molded.
During described cordon is pruned: First Year, as shown in Figure 6, field planting annual seedling, the most surely to do after planting, heading height is 0.6 ~ 0.7m, retains trunk height 0.5 ~ 0.6m, and trunk is vertically upward；Second Year, as shown in Figure 7,3 ~ 4, the major branch of raw different azimuth of selecting and remain on trunk, to every light cutting back of major branch, cut that branch is long 1/3, stay full outer lateral bud under clip；3rd year, as shown in Figure 8,2 ~ 3 side shoots of selecting and remain on every major branch, and light cutting back, the light cutting back of elongated shoot to every major branch, stay outer bud, the short bud of cella not to prune under clip；4th year, as shown in Figure 9, continue each master of light cutting back, the elongated shoot of side shoot so that tree crown is molded；5th year, as shown in Figure 10, light pruning, expand tree crown.
In many dry plexi shape pruning methods, when the base not enough main raw number of raw branch, select and remain in germinating branch as the raw branch of base.
Described pruning period is winter, spring, summer pruning: winter pruning was carried out in tree rest period, and general northern China winter dryness sleet is few, should not prune；Prune spring and prune in the March of tree rest period；Summer pruning was pruned in the tree season of growth, and the reasonable distribution for regulation nutrient is particularly important.
Spacing in the rows 2 meters, row strain 3 meters when described fibert is planted.Can plant 111 strains in every mu of 667 square metres of soils, 10000 square metres of every land measure equal to fifteen mu in most parts of the Northeast ground can plant 1670 strains.
In fibert implantation methods of the present invention, hazel tree is the most extensive to the applicability in soil, it is possible to adapt to numerous to soil and physical features, improves the plantation of the fibert adaptability to environment.Either the soil such as black earth, fertile soil, black yellow composite soil, river sand soil, sandy loam, thin sand and soil, riverbank warp, laterite, weathered rock and soil, all can plant；Particularly to the pH value accommodation of soil being expanded 5.5 ~ 8, the most weakly acidic ground or weakly alkaline salt-soda soil all can be planted and result.In a word, so long as not long-term waterlogged lowland, the environment such as colory fibert, even deserted mountain, wasteland or discarded orchard all can be planted out by the method for the present invention.
Use fibert implantation methods of the present invention, be effectively increased the cold resistance of hazel tree, be particularly well-suited to the northern area of China.The present invention describes in detail the trim mode of hazel tree especially, by the pruning of continuous 4 to five years, enable to tree crown shaping, and only remain appropriate major branch, side shoot and fruitful branch, therefore Nutrient distribution is reasonable, and nutrient will not be wasted for no reason, thus hazel tree to do the fruit tied the fullest, more, quality is higher.
Use fibert implantation methods of the present invention, save labour turnover, reduce management cost, improve the quality of finished product simultaneously.The present invention is applicable to plantation and the management of all hazel trees simultaneously, and applicability is strong.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment specifically uses does plexi shape pruning method less, and remaining technical scheme and Expected Results are same as in Example 1.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment specifically uses cordon pruning method, and remaining technical scheme and Expected Results are same as in Example 1.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment specifically uses the mode applied fertilizer after plucking fruit autumn, and remaining technical scheme and Expected Results are same as in Example 1.
Embodiment 5
The mode that the present embodiment applies fertilizer before specifically using rudiment in Spring Festival next year, remaining technical scheme and Expected Results are same as in Example 1.
Above-described embodiment only for technology design and the feature of the present invention are described, its object is to allow person skilled in the art will appreciate that present disclosure and to implement according to this, can not limit the scope of the invention with this.All equivalence changes made according to spirit of the invention or modification, all should contain within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a fibert implantation methods, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
First Year is planted:
Dig cave: before field planting, cut 1/3rd of root system；According to the size of seedling, dig diameter 40 ~ 50cm, the planting pit of deep 20cm；
Enter fertilizer: after putting into the farm manure of 0.5kg or farm manure and the mixture of half two nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers in planting pit, add 8 ~ 12cm every loam；
Determine strain: by seedling as entering the centre of the planting pit after fertilizer, by root system spread apart, insert wet soil；When being filled to half, gently carry nursery stock and make root system touch with soil；Continuing earthing, earthing limit, limit is treaded；Soil after treading is less than nursery stock ground footpath 3 ~ 5cm, and after planting, collar is concordant with ground or is less than ground 0 ~ 5cm；
Overlay film: after backfill topsoil, treads backfill soil, after watering foot water seal hole, then passes the trunk of seedling with the square mulch film of the length of side 50 ~ 60cm and falls root, and is fixed by mulch film；Mulch film was opened when temperature raises in mid-June；
Fixed dry: the most surely doing after planting seedling, heading height, at 60 ~ 70cm, cuts 4 or 5 full buds；Paint immediately after determining to do and/or paraffin smears clip；
Fertilising: for the hazel planted then after surviving, apply azophoska；Spray a conventional foliage fertilizer in late June to late August every first quarter moon, foliage fertilizer adds the bactericide of routine；
Field is nursed: include that insect pest preventing and controlling, field weeding, branches and leaves are pruned；
Autumn harvest and storage；Ripening fruits was gathered to early September in mid or late August, airing to be dried to water content be 5% ~ 7%；Storage condition is for being dried lucifuge, and storage temperature is 15 ~ 20 DEG C, and air themperature is 60% ~ 70%；
Autumn executes or the spring executes: for result cobnut tree fruit in the fall gather after to soil freeze-up before, apply farm manure, be simultaneously introduced the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer of 150 grams；Or,
Autumn does not applies fertilizer, and selects to apply fertilizer before rudiment in spring next year；
Watering the most freeze-up water before entering the winter, then root ridging training is real；
Second Year plays repetition step F to J.
2. according to the fibert implantation methods described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the fertilising of described step F,
Level land uses following manner: digging away from trunk radius is, after fertilizer or fertilizer are applied in ditch with native mixture by 50 ~ 60 centimetres of annular grooves, to fill water, backfill；
Hillside uses following manner: hillside is main fertilising with the first half, and according to gradient size, fertilizer is executed at (away from trunk radius 50 centimetres) upper half way up the mountain (semicircular ditch), after fertilizer or fertilizer being applied in ditch with native mixture, fills foot water, backfills.
3., according to the fibert implantation methods described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step I selects to apply fertilizer before rudiment in spring next year, needs every year to topdress 2 times, first is inferior to the first tenday period of a month in early April to May, and the 2nd is inferior to early July to the middle ten days.
4. according to the fibert implantation methods described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described branches and leaves are pruned and are taked to do less plexi shape, cordon, many dry plexi shapes one of them or a combination thereof, wherein:
Do plexi shape less: retain the raw branches of 3 ~ 4 bases and do major branch, and tiltedly raw stretch to different directions, on major branch raw side shoot, on side shoot raw nutrition branch and bearing basal shoot；Nature being integrally formed the most tree-like, the height of tree reaches 3-5m；
Cordon: retain the trunk of a high 0.6 ~ 0.7cm, 3 ~ 4 uniform major branches of branch of selecting and remain on trunk, side shoot that major branch is selected and remain, on side shoot raw secondary side shoot and bearing basal shoot, form short trunk, top is flowering naturally shape tree crown；
Many dry plexi shapes: the raw branch of 5 ~ 8 bases of selecting and remain is as major branch, and the raw branch of remaining base is wiped out from base portion；After major branch selects, cultivation results branch and nutrition branch.
5., according to the fibert implantation methods described in claim 4, it is characterised in that described do during plexi shape prunes less, First Year, field planting annual seedling, trunk does 0.2 ~ 0.4m surely, and next year selects and remain trunk；Second Year, select the raw branch of base of 3 ~ 4 different directions as major branch, light cutting back, cut and stay the 2/3 of branch, clip retains full outer lateral bud, and the raw branch of its complementary basis is cut from base portion；3rd year, major branch that light cutting back is selected and remain and elongated shoot, each major branch was selected and remain 2 ~ 3 side shoots, and light cutting back, forms happy shape tree crown, and side shoot high from ground to 0.5m on major branch is cut from base portion；4th year, continue cutting back master at different levels branch and elongated shoot, wipe out the side shoot less than 0.5m and descendant；Tree crown is made to continue to expand so that tree crown is molded.
6. according to the fibert implantation methods described in claim 4, it is characterised in that during described cordon is pruned: First Year, field planting annual seedling, the most surely doing after planting, heading height is 0.6 ~ 0.7m, retaining trunk height 0.5 ~ 0.6m, trunk is vertically upward；Second Year, 3 ~ 4, the major branch of raw different azimuth of selecting and remain on trunk, to every light cutting back of major branch, cut that branch is long 1/3, stay full outer lateral bud under clip；3rd year, 2 ~ 3 side shoots of selecting and remain on every major branch, and light cutting back, the light cutting back of elongated shoot to every major branch, stay outer bud, the short bud of cella not to prune under clip；4th year, continue each master of light cutting back, the elongated shoot of side shoot so that tree crown is molded.
7., according to the fibert implantation methods described in claim 4, it is characterised in that in many dry plexi shape pruning methods, when the base not enough main raw number of raw branch, select and remain in germinating branch as the raw branch of base.
8. according to the fibert implantation methods described in claim 5 or 6, it is characterised in that: described pruning period is winter, spring, summer pruning:
Winter pruning was carried out in tree rest period；
Prune spring and prune in the March of tree rest period；
Summer pruning was pruned in the tree season of growth.
9. according to the fibert implantation methods described in claim 1, it is characterised in that spacing in the rows 2 meters, row strain 3 meters when described fibert is planted.
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| CN109348966A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-02-19 | 广西玉林玖旺农业科技有限公司 | A kind of hazel tree high-yield planting cultivation technology method |
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| CN111642302A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-09-11 | 山西省农业科学院果树研究所 | Method for inhibiting growth of hazelnut root tiller |
| CN111727798A (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2020-10-02 | 山西农业大学 | Short trunk umbrella frame-shaped tree form culture method for cerasus humilis |
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