CN113330971B - Heavy saline and alkaline land tree planting system based on water and salt migration principle - Google Patents
Heavy saline and alkaline land tree planting system based on water and salt migration principle Download PDFInfo
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- CN113330971B CN113330971B CN202110573130.4A CN202110573130A CN113330971B CN 113330971 B CN113330971 B CN 113330971B CN 202110573130 A CN202110573130 A CN 202110573130A CN 113330971 B CN113330971 B CN 113330971B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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Abstract
The invention provides a tree planting system based on a water and salt migration principle in a heavy saline-alkali soil, which comprises a root system area, a wet area and a dry area, wherein the root system area, the wet area and the dry area are arranged on the saline-alkali soil, the wet area and the dry area are sequentially arranged around the periphery of the root system area, the root system area is filled or improved soil with salt content and pH value lower than a resistance threshold value of planted trees, and the water content of the soil in the wet area is larger than that of the soil in the dry area. According to the tree planting system based on the water and salt migration principle, the wet area and the dry area are established based on the water and salt migration basic principle, so that water is transported from the wet area to the dry area in a single direction, and the phenomenon that salt on the periphery of the dry area invades a root system area along with the water is avoided; the drying area and the wetting area are established by arranging the waterproof board and the water collecting channel, the waterproof board can collect water on the projection area of the waterproof board to the water collecting channel while establishing the drying area, so that sufficient water source supply is provided for the water collecting channel, and the utilization efficiency of water resources is improved; the implementation and the application are convenient and efficient, the cost is low, and the maintenance is simple and convenient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil irrigation, and particularly relates to a tree planting system for a heavy saline-alkali soil based on a water and salt migration principle.
Background
According to incomplete statistics of textbook organization and grain and agriculture organization of the united nations, the area of the existing saline-alkali soil in China is about 9913 hectare, and the saline-alkali soil is divided into mild saline-alkali soil with the salt content of less than 3 per thousand, moderate saline-alkali soil with the salt content of 3 per thousand-6 per thousand and severe saline-alkali soil with the salt content of more than 6 per thousand. The high-salinity soil seriously limits the survival of trees, and individual tree species can grow on the saline-alkali soil, but the salt tolerance threshold of the individual tree species is not more than 10 per thousand at most, but the salt tolerance of most of the actual saline-alkali soil is more than 30 per thousand and far exceeds the salt tolerance threshold of the individual tree species, so that the tree species cannot be directly survived on the saline-alkali soil. The main technical means is to lay the concealed pipe and the salt isolation layer and replace or improve the original soil, thereby creating a new tree growth environment and simultaneously isolating the influence of the saline soil and preventing the secondary salinization of the new environment. The existing technology comprises the implementation steps of excavating original soil, arranging a salt isolation layer, paving a hidden pipe, backfilling a new soil source or improving the original soil and then planting trees, and has the disadvantages of complex technical implementation, large engineering quantity and high cost, the service life of the salt isolation layer and the hidden pipe is limited to a certain extent, the trees are difficult to repair after failure, secondary salinization is easy to generate, and the trees are damaged.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a heavy saline-alkali soil tree planting system based on the water and salt migration principle, so as to realize low-cost and rapid planting of trees in the coastal heavy saline-alkali soil.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the utility model provides a heavy saline and alkaline land tree planting system based on water salt migration principle, is including setting up root system district, moist district and the dry area on saline and alkaline land, moist district and dry area enclose the periphery of locating the root system district in proper order, for changing filled soil or improved soil in the root system district, the salt content and the pH value of changing filled soil or improved soil all are less than the resistance threshold value of planting trees, the soil water content in moist district is greater than the soil water content in dry area.
The utility model provides a heavy saline and alkaline land tree planting system based on water salt migration principle, includes catch basin and waterproof board, the catch basin is located root system district periphery, meets with the root system district, the waterproof board sets up in the periphery of catch basin, and the inner edge downward sloping of waterproof board extends to in the catch basin.
Further, the water collecting ditch is a trapezoidal ditch.
Further, the depth of the water collecting ditch is 0.3 m.
Furthermore, the included angle between the waterproof board and the horizontal plane is 2-10 degrees.
Further, the width of the waterproof board is 1-3 m.
Furthermore, the water-proof structure further comprises a soil-piling wall, wherein the soil-piling wall surrounds the outer ring of the water-collecting channel, is positioned below the water-proof plate and is adjacent to or connected with the inner edge of the projection position of the water-proof plate.
Further, build the earth wall and be trapezoidal wall.
Further, the water-proof board comprises a gentle slope, wherein the gentle slope is located below the water-proof board, and the outer edge of the gentle slope is declined.
Furthermore, the gentle slope extends from the top of the rampart wall to the outer edge of the projection position of the waterproof board and is adjacent to or connected with the outer edge of the projection position of the waterproof board.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) this heavy saline and alkaline land tree planting system based on water and salt migration principle establishes moist district and dry area based on water and salt migration rationale, makes moisture by moist district to the unidirectional migration of dry area, has completely cut off the peripheral salinity of dry area and has invaded the root system district along with the moisture.
(2) This heavy saline and alkaline land tree planting system based on water salt migration principle establishes dry district and moist district through waterproof board and the catch basin that sets up simple structure, and the catch basin can be collected with the moisture on the waterproof board projection area to the waterproof board when establishing dry district, provides sufficient water supply for the catch basin to the utilization efficiency of water resource has been improved.
(3) This heavy saline and alkaline land tree planting system based on water and salt migration principle, the implementation application is convenient, high-efficient, and is with low costs, and the maintenance is simple and convenient.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a tree planting system for heavy saline-alkali soil based on the water and salt migration principle of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a plan view of the heavy saline-alkali soil tree planting system based on the water and salt migration principle.
Description of reference numerals:
1-waterproof board; 2-collecting the water channel; 3-replacing the filling soil/improving the soil; 4-building a soil wall; 41-gentle slope; 5-original saline soil; a-a wet zone; b-a drying zone; c-root system region.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings, which are based on the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings, and are used for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the following examples with reference to the attached drawings:
as shown in fig. 1-2, this embodiment provides a heavy saline-alkali soil tree planting system based on water and salt migration principle, including setting up root system district C, moist district a and the dry district B on saline-alkali soil, moist district a and dry district B enclose in proper order and locate root system district C's periphery, for changing filled soil or improving soil in the root system district C, the salt content and the pH value of changing filled soil or improving soil all are less than the resistance threshold value of planting trees, moist district a's soil water content is greater than dry district B's soil water content.
The heavy saline and alkaline land tree planting system based on water salt migration principle that this embodiment provided, based on water salt migration rationale, soil moisture is migrated to low moisture content by high moisture content promptly, establish two main subregion in moist district A and dry district B, make moisture can only migrate to dry district B by moist district A, be equivalent to and established an extravasation water source in moist district A, carry out the moisture supply to internal root system district C and outer dry district B, prevented that the moisture outside moist district A from carrying the salinity migration to root system district C.
The embodiment also provides a heavy saline and alkaline land tree planting system based on water salt migration principle, including catch basin 2 and waterproof board 1, wherein catch basin 2 is located root system district C periphery, meets with root system district C, and waterproof board 1 sets up in catch basin 2's periphery, and waterproof board 1's inner edge downward sloping extends to in the catch basin 2. In this embodiment, establish dry district B and moist district A by waterproof board 1 and catch basin 2, waterproof board 1 can collect catch basin 2 with the moisture on the waterproof board 1 projection area when establishing dry district B, for catch basin 2 provides sufficient water supply to the utilization efficiency of water resource has been improved.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the waterproof board 1 is disposed on the drying area B, and the column supporting the waterproof board 1 is disposed at the lower end of the waterproof board 1. Under the waterproof board 1 setting effect, the upper boundary of drying zone B is the atmospheric boundary that only contains the evaporation, and soil moisture gets into the atmosphere through this boundary, and drying zone B moisture is continuously taken away by the upper boundary evaporation after, is supplied by moisture all around again, and soil salinity is accumulated on drying zone B's upper boundary. For catch basin 2 on the moist district A, the moisture that 1 face of mainly collecting the waterproof board collects, moisture is oozed down by catch basin 2, forms moist district A, and moist district A's moisture diffuses simultaneously to dry area B and root system district C, and moist district A's moisture has prevented dry area B moisture to moist district A migration when transporting to dry area B, has completely cut off the influence of external saline and alkaline land. And the moisture in the wetting area A is transported to the root system area C to supplement the moisture in the root system area C.
Specifically, in this embodiment, in order to ensure the structural stability, the water collecting channel 2 is set to be a trapezoidal channel with a wide top and a narrow bottom, the depth of the water collecting channel 2 is 0.3m, and the depth of the wet area a formed by infiltration of water in the water collecting channel 2 is equivalent to the depth of the root system of most trees at the depth.
In the embodiment, the included angle between the waterproof board 1 and the horizontal plane is 2-10 degrees, and in the slope range, water on the waterproof board 1 can flow into the sump from the top surface of the waterproof board 1, so that the situation that water flows into the bottom surface of the waterproof board 1 due to too large slope of the waterproof board 1 or water flows out from the outer edge of the waterproof board 1 due to too small slope is avoided; the width of the waterproof board 1 is 1-3m, and the specific width is adjusted according to the crown width of the planted trees.
The planting system that this embodiment provided still includes and builds soil wall 4, and this soil wall 4 encloses the outer lane of locating catch basin 2, is located the below of waterproof board 1, and is adjacent or meet with the inner edge of waterproof board 1 projection position for block and build the external surface runoff that soil wall 4 outer lane carried the salinity and flow into catch basin 2, for guaranteeing stable in structure, build soil wall 4 and set up the trapezoidal wall of width under the narrow.
The planting system provided by the embodiment further comprises a gentle slope 41, wherein the gentle slope 41 is located below the waterproof board 1, extends from the top of the soil-piling wall 4 to the outer edge of the projection position of the waterproof board 1, is adjacent to or connected with the outer edge of the projection position of the waterproof board 1, and is declined, so that the effect of further blocking surface runoff is achieved.
The implementation comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) determining the range of the root system area C of the tree: the range of the tree root system area C is determined according to the tree crown width, the circumference of the tree root system area C extends by 30-60cm on the basis of the crown width, the depth of the tree root system area C is determined according to the tree root depth, the root depth of the tree can be estimated according to the root system characteristics of the tree seeds and the growth condition of the tree, the root system area C extends downwards by 30-60cm on the basis of the root depth, and the section of the tree root system area C is arranged according to an arc shape.
(2) Setting a tree root system area C: and excavating original soil according to the determined range of the root system area C, replacing the original soil of the root system area C with new soil or performing conventional improvement on the original soil, wherein the replacement of the soil and the improvement of the soil need to ensure that the salt content and the pH value of the soil of the root system area C are lower than the resistance threshold value of the planted trees.
(3) Determining parameters of the waterproof board 1: the waterproof board 1 mainly aims to create a dry area B and collect water in the projected area of the water collecting board to supplement a wet area A, and the water content of soil in the dry area B is required to be always lower than that in the wet area A, so that the soil water can only be transferred from the wet area A to the dry area B. The projection width of the waterproof plate 1 is selected to be 1-3m, the specific width is determined according to the crown width of the trees, the 1m projection wide waterproof plate 1 is preferably selected when the crown width of the planted trees is less than 6m, the 3m projection wide waterproof plate 1 is preferably selected when the crown width of the planted trees is greater than 18m, and the projection width of the waterproof plate 1 is selected in equal proportion when the crown width of the planted trees is between 6-18 m. The included angle between the waterproof board 1 and the horizontal plane is 2-10 degrees, so that the water on the waterproof board 1 can flow into the water collecting pit from the top surface of the waterproof board 1. The waterproof board 1 can be made of plastics, steel, stone and the like, the lower part is provided with a strut which is embedded into a soil layer to fix the waterproof board 1, and the material and the quantity of the strut need to ensure that the waterproof board 1 is stably and reliably supported.
(4) The water collecting ditch 2 is provided with: the water collecting ditch 2 creates a wet area A, and prevents water outside the water collecting area from carrying salt to pass through the wet area A and enter a root system area C. The depth of the water collecting ditch 2 is set to be 0.3m, the width of the ditch top is set to be 0.7m, and the width of the ditch bottom is set to be 0.5 m. The projection of the outer edge of the water collecting ditch 2 is intersected or connected with the projection of the inner edge of the waterproof board 1.
(5) Setting of the earth building wall 4: the soil building wall 4 blocks external surface runoff from flowing into the water collecting channel 2, the upper boundary of the drying area B is a salinity accumulation area, and the surface runoff flows into the water collecting channel 2 through the upper boundary of the drying area B to carry a large amount of salinity, so that the growth of trees is damaged. The upper surface of the drying area B can be repaired to form a gentle slope 41 from inside to outside under certain conditions, so that the surface runoff of the waterproof board 1 is prevented from flowing into the upper surface of the drying area B. The setting height of the earth-building wall 4 is 0.2m, the width of the top of the wall is 0.2m, and the width of the bottom of the wall is 0.5 m. The earth-building wall 4 is arranged at the lower inner edge of the waterproof board 1 and is adjacent to or connected with the inner edge of the projection position of the waterproof board 1.
(6) Later maintenance: the states of the waterproof board 1, the water collecting channel 2 and the soil piling wall 4 are checked frequently, if the waterproof board 1 is damaged, the waterproof board should be replaced in time, and if the water collecting channel 2 and the soil piling wall 4 are seriously scoured, the waterproof board should be repaired in time so as to ensure that the technology can normally exert the effect.
Note: the fixing manner described herein is, if not specifically stated, a conventional fixing manner such as a screw connection, a welding, an adhesion, etc. may be used.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a heavy saline and alkaline land tree planting system based on water and salt migration principle which characterized in that: including setting up root system district (C), moist district (A) and dry area (B) on the saline and alkaline land, moist district (A) and dry area (B) enclose the periphery of locating root system district (C) in proper order, for trading banket or improvement soil in root system district (C), the salinity and the pH value of trading banket or improvement soil all are less than the resistance threshold value of planting trees, the soil water content in moist district (A) is greater than the soil water content in dry area (B),
still include catch basin (2) and waterproof board (1), catch basin (2) are located root system district (C) periphery, meet with root system district (C), waterproof board (1) sets up in the periphery of catch basin (2), and the inner edge downward sloping of waterproof board (1) extends to in catch basin (2),
the water-proof structure also comprises a soil-piling wall (4), the soil-piling wall (4) is arranged around the outer ring of the water-collecting channel (2), is positioned below the water-proof plate (1) and is adjacent to or connected with the inner edge of the projection position of the water-proof plate (1),
the novel waterproof plate is characterized by further comprising a gentle slope (41), wherein the gentle slope (41) is located below the waterproof plate (1), the outer edge of the gentle slope (41) is declined, and the gentle slope (41) extends from the top of the earth-building wall (4) to the outer edge of the projection position of the waterproof plate (1) and is adjacent to or connected with the outer edge of the projection position of the waterproof plate (1).
2. The planting system of claim 1, wherein: the water collecting ditch (2) is a trapezoidal ditch.
3. The planting system of claim 1, wherein: the depth of the water collecting ditch (2) is 0.3 m.
4. The planting system of claim 1, wherein: the included angle between the waterproof plate (1) and the horizontal plane is 2-10 degrees.
5. The planting system of claim 1, wherein: the width of the waterproof board (1) is 1-3 m.
6. The planting system of claim 1, wherein: the earth building wall (4) is a trapezoidal wall.
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| CN202110573130.4A CN113330971B (en) | 2021-05-25 | 2021-05-25 | Heavy saline and alkaline land tree planting system based on water and salt migration principle |
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