CN103461068A - Method for transplanting large-sized landscape tree in saline-alkali soil and structural layout for transplanted-tree pit - Google Patents
Method for transplanting large-sized landscape tree in saline-alkali soil and structural layout for transplanted-tree pit Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for transplanting a large-sized landscape tree in saline-alkali soil. The method is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps: (1) preparing a seedling tree; (2) preparing a tree pit: (a) digging the tree pit; (b) laying a water seepage layer; (c) laying nutritional soil; (3) carrying out tree planting: (a) coiling a nutrient tube at the outer circumference of a soil ball; (b) adjusting the tree pit planting direction of the seedling tree; (c) arranging an observation well pipe at one side of the soil ball; (d) backfilling improved soil; (4) maintaining: (a) observing the water accumulation condition of the root of the tree; (b) conveying nutrient solution through the nutrient tube. The invention also relates to a structural layout of the tree pit for transplanting the large-sized landscape tree in the saline-alkali soil, wherein the water seepage layer is laid at the bottom of the tree pit, the nutritional soil is laid on the upper surface of the water seepage layer, and the observation well pipe is arranged. Compared with the prior art, the method and the structural layout have the advantages that the problems in large tree transplanting that the survival rate is low, the growth is slow, and the like are solved on the premise that an isolating layer is not arranged and a water seepage pipe or blind ditch is not laid to remove salt, the survival rate of the large tree transplanted in the offshore saline-alkali soil is increased remarkably, in addition, the implementation is simple and convenient, the cost is reduced, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the Big Trees Transplant field, particularly relate to the topology layout at saline land large-scale landscape tree trasplanting method and transplanting plant pit.
Background technology
At present, along with modern city development improving constantly the view environmental requirement with rapid changepl. never-ending changes and improvements, landscape engineering of today, often to embody in the short period of time greening, landscaping effect, and large-tree-shaped height is large, the attitude grace, transplant large tree and can accelerate the urban afforestation process, represent the plant landscaping effect rapidly.Therefore, big tree transplanting also just is applied in afforestation more and more.
The trees of all diameters of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground more than 10-20cm, all can be referred to as " large tree " in landscape engineering, although big tree transplanting becomes scape fast, but more conventional garden seedling tree survives difficulty, reason mainly contains the following aspects: 1) set greatly olderly, phasic development is old, the regeneration capacity of cell a little less than, the root regeneration damaged in excavation and the process of planting is slow, and new root generating ability is poor.2) due to reason young, that strengthen the eccentric growth of tree in age, the extension of root scope of trees very large (generally surpassing tree crown floor projection scope), and it is very dark to penetrate soil layer, make effectively to absorb root near deep layer and tree crown projection, cause soil ball while excavating large tree to be with the absorption root seldom, and the many suberifications of root are serious, casparian strip has stoped the absorption of moisture, and the absorption function of root system obviously descends.3) large-tree-shaped height is large, and the rising area of branches and leaves is large, for making it bring into play as early as possible afforestation effect and keeping its original graceful attitude, how not to carry out again overweight lopping; Root system is apart from the tree crown distance in addition, brings certain difficulty to the conveying of moisture, thus after big tree transplanting, be difficult to set up as early as possible on the ground, underground water balance.4) trees are large, and native ball weight easily causes impaired, the native ball fractured of bark, branch to fracture in digging, the process of carrying, plant, thereby jeopardize large tree, survive.
The disclosure of the invention that number of patent application is 200510042057.9 a kind of big tree transplanting survival method; comprise and dig out that large tree, root are processed, dig pit in advance, planting big trees; wherein dig out large tree, in advance dig pit and planting big trees all routinely the operation; it is characterized in that it be dig out large tree afterwards to before root regeneration absorbent function after planting during this period of time in; first at the trunk xylem, punch; then the water pressurization is directly injected in the tree body, to keep fluid loss and output balance.Research to big tree transplanting, forefathers have done a lot of work, as yellow Zhi Quan is studied big tree transplanting decreasing temperature and increasing humidity microspray irrigation technology, to plant-mineral-element, the effect in big tree transplanting is studied Dan Xiaoling, Li Duojun inquires into non-favorable season Big Trees Transplant, etc.All research mainly concentrates on the transplanting work on suitable soil, and relates to seldom for the report of coastal saline-alkali ground Big Trees Transplant.North beach saline land subterranean water level is high, and soil salt and alkali content is large, and quality is sticky heavy, and spring and autumn, arid was windy, winter cold, soil freezes bed thickness, transplant trees is difficult to survive, the big tree transplanting survival rate less than 50% in recent years, the large tree growth survived is not in great numbers yet.
A kind of big seedling transplanting method for inshore saline-alkali land of the disclosure of the invention that number of patent application is 201010543860.1; Select soil salt content in area more than 0.3%, lay filter layer; Blind pipe is installed; Mix cow dung or the stalk of 1/4-1/3 with original soil, backfill; Flood is irrigated salt discharge and is fallen alkali, the water yield 120 sides/mu; Propose the pruning of being completely cured of carrying out " first break taproot, the capillary root retains " the previous year; Play platform and transportation; The depth of planting is higher than former trunk planting-site table line position 10-15cm; Daily management, above the thick root of large tree surrounding, punch on trunk base portion or thick root, and take and do not wear the opposite side xylem as degree, be the trees infusion; The trees of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground below 10cm, punch and hang one bottle and get final product at the suitable position of trunk; 15-20cm hangs 2-3 transfusion bottles; The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 30-40cm 4-5 capable of hoisting bottle, larger tree can appropriateness increase; The glucose that nutrient solution is 0.01%, stopping infusion after trees survive the leave of taking root; The trunk surrounding is wrapped up with woven straw, and after water spray, with the plastic film parcel, plastic film is suitably pricked several apertures and ventilated, and to regulate the humidity of trunk, maintains more than 1 year; Water foot after planting and irrigate first pass water, and visit and test degree of irrigating with iron rod; In season in spring and autumn, the tree root surrounding after watering covers film, and spray trunk with fog every day in summer, and every first quarter moon is executed urea one time, ammonium sulfate, and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate quick-acting fertilizer, or sooner or later spray blade face with the foliage fertilizer of 0.5-1%, every 10 days are once; After large tree is planted, support anti-strong wind lodging dead lever, fix with three mao bamboons or husky punt-pole triangle in 2-3 meters of trunk, the cushions such as gunnysack or rubber tire tire will be padded in backing material and trees contact position, in order to avoid injure bark, note draining summer, note winter protection winter.Effective lowering of watertable, and for changing alkali, salt reduction provides advantage, for plant growth provides control environment, can significantly promote large nursery stock root growth, plant percent is increased, but still have certain limitation, for example, after having completed every engineering for some, when being transplanted or being changed for old view, adopt technique scheme just to need to lay filter layer and blind pipe, french drain etc. are installed, such cost cost is just more expensive, implements the more high defect of destructiveness.
Above-mentioned open
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides under a kind of prerequisite separation layer, laying soakaway trench or french drain salt discharge be not set for solving the technical problem existed in known technology, in the solution big tree transplanting, survival rate is not high, the problems such as poor growth, propose the topology layout of in saline land, transplanting the large-scale landscape tree method and transplanting plant pit, can significantly improve the coastal saline-alkali survival rate of big tree transplanting on the ground.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes for the technical problem existed in the solution known technology is:
A kind of large-scale landscape tree method of transplanting in saline land, it is characterized in that: in saline land, the large-scale landscape tree trasplanting method mainly comprises the following steps:
1), nursery stock prepares, select nursery stock according to landscape need, and retain native ball;
2), plant pit is prepared:
A, according to the size of native ball, and excavate plant pit by shoveling instrument or equipment;
B, lay the clean stone nitre of 50～60cm in the bottom of plant pit, form permeable layer;
C, lay the Nutrition Soil of 30cm～40cm at the upper surface of permeable layer;
3), plant trees:
A, in the excircle coiling of nursery stock soil ball, the nutrient canal of carrying nutrition is arranged, nutrient canal is provided with nutrient solution and oozes out hole;
B, nursery stock is placed in above-mentioned plant pit, and adjusts its direction of planting;
C, in a side of native ball, be provided with the observation well casing, the bottom of described observation well casing is provided with water seepage hole, can extract ponding out, and the excircle of described water seepage hole is enclosed with filter element and forms infiltration section, and described infiltration section inserts in permeable layer position on the lower, middle part;
D, righting nursery stock and observation well casing, toward the interior backfill conditioned soil of plant pit;
4), maintenance:
A, the ponding situation of regularly by observing well, observing trees ' root, especially in rainfall more sufficient season;
B, in two seasons of growth of trees, by nutrient canal, carry nutrient solution;
C, according to the situation of the disappearance of the growing ways of trees and trace element, supplement at any time.
A kind ofly for what implement said method, transplant the topology layout of the plant pit of large-scale landscape tree in saline land, it is characterized in that: described plant pit be shaped as a cube plant pit; Permeable layer is laid in bottom at plant pit, the upper surface of described permeable layer is laid Nutrition Soil, the top of described Nutrition Soil is nursery stock soil ball, the surrounding backfill conditioned soil of nursery stock soil ball, be provided with the observation well casing in the side of native ball, the bottom of described observation well casing is provided with bottom and is provided with water seepage hole, and the excircle of described water seepage hole is enclosed with filter element and forms infiltration section, and the interior middle part of described infiltration section's insertion permeable layer is position on the lower.
The present invention can also adopt following technical measures:
The permeable layer of laying in the bottom of plant pit is elected clean stone nitre as, and the thickness of described clean stone nitre is 50～60cm.
Lay the Nutrition Soil of 30cm～40cm at the upper surface of permeable layer, described Nutrition Soil is planting soil, mountain skin sand and soddy soil; The proportioning of described three kinds of materials is 7:2:1.
The advantage that the present invention has with good effect is: the present invention compares with existing technology, is specially adapted to the varieties in saline-alkali areas that the road surface stone material has been laid, and has reduced on the one hand the cost of greening, has also solved in addition the low problem of large nursery stock transplanting success.By growing area, transform, nursery stock is prepared, reasonable plant pit layout, add suitable maintenance measure, effective lowering of watertable, and can observe at any time the height of water level, keep the skin wet in good time, for changing alkali, salt reduction provides advantage, for plant growth provides control environment, can significantly promote large nursery stock root growth, strengthen growing way, plant percent is reached more than 98%, effectively solve the not high problem of the large nursery stock transplanting success of varieties in saline-alkali areas, for the beach saline land fast greening provides effective way.In addition, the present invention is not only applicable to large tree, ancient tree is transplanted, also be applicable to be grown in the poor ancient tree maintenance of geographical conditions, by observe well casing observe moisture the number, thereby improve because maintenance technology falls behind and easily cause the tree vigo(u)r decline, root system is aging, and moisture and nutrient absorption ability are reduced, and the prolongation trees life-span also has significant effect.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
In figure: 1, plant pit; 2, permeable layer; 3, Nutrition Soil; 4, native ball; 5, conditioned soil; 6, observe well casing; 6-1, infiltration section; 7, nutrient canal.
Embodiment
For further understanding summary of the invention of the present invention, Characteristic, hereby exemplify following examples, and coordinate accompanying drawing to be described in detail as follows:
Refer to Fig. 1, a kind of large-scale landscape tree method of transplanting in saline land mainly comprises the following steps:
1), nursery stock prepares, select nursery stock according to landscape need, and retain native ball; At first the selection of trees meets the requirement of design to the trees diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, hat width, height, its two: select growth potential strong, without the indigenous tree species of damage by disease and insect.
2), plant pit is prepared:
A, according to the size of native ball, and excavate plant pit by shoveling instrument or equipment;
B, lay the clean stone nitre of 50～60cm in the bottom of plant pit, form permeable layer;
C, lay the Nutrition Soil of 30cm～40cm at the upper surface of permeable layer;
3), plant trees:
A, in the excircle coiling of nursery stock soil ball, the nutrient canal 7 of carrying nutrition is arranged, nutrient canal is provided with nutrient solution and oozes out hole;
B, nursery stock is placed in above-mentioned plant pit, and adjusts its direction of planting;
C, in a side of native ball, be provided with the observation well casing, the bottom of described observation well casing is provided with water seepage hole, and the excircle of described water seepage hole is enclosed with filter element and forms infiltration section, and described infiltration section inserts in permeable layer position on the lower, middle part; This observation well casing has several functions, and one is as peep hole, its two when trees ' root ponding the moisture of root can prolong peep hole and rise, can extract ponding out; In addition can also be as air-vent.
D, righting nursery stock and observation well casing, toward the interior backfill conditioned soil of plant pit;
4), maintenance: a, the ponding situation of regularly by observing well, observing trees ' root, especially in rainfall more sufficient season; Observe well and be mainly used in precipitation sufficient rainy season, can check trees ' root ponding situation by observing well when precipitation is large, if ponding can be extracted ponding out with suction pump.
B, in two seasons of growth of trees, by nutrient canal, carry nutrient solution; The Additional nutrient solution time generally carries out in two growths of trees in season.April after the beginning of spring, and September in autumn.
C, according to the situation of the disappearance of the growing ways of trees and trace element, supplement at any time.
A kind ofly for what implement said method, transplant the topology layout of the plant pit of large-scale landscape tree in saline land, described plant pit be shaped as a cube plant pit 1; Permeable layer 2 is laid in bottom at plant pit, the upper surface of described permeable layer is laid Nutrition Soil 3, the top of described Nutrition Soil is nursery stock soil ball 4, the surrounding backfill conditioned soil 5 of nursery stock soil ball, be provided with in the side of native ball and observe well casing 6, the bottom of described observation well casing is provided with bottom and is provided with water seepage hole, and the excircle of described water seepage hole is enclosed with filter element and forms the 6-1 of infiltration section, described porous members can be screen of screen window, and described infiltration section's insertion interior middle part of permeable layer 2 is position on the lower.
In said structure, the permeable layer of laying in the bottom of plant pit is elected clean stone nitre as, and the thickness of described clean stone nitre is 50～60cm.When trees ' root ponding, at first be penetrated into stone nitre position, be convenient to draw water.
Lay the Nutrition Soil of 30cm～40cm at the upper surface of permeable layer, described Nutrition Soil is planting soil, mountain skin sand and soddy soil; The proportioning of described three kinds of materials is 7:2:1.
For example: at Tianjin Haihe River education park gymnasium afforestation project, the ecosystem method paulownia of 127 18～20cm is planted in designing requirement in the stone material square of having laid, the soil in this location belongs to saline-alkali soil, because duration at that time is shorter, carry out salt discharge according to existing mature technology way, need the destruction part stone material square face laid, through finally studying and defining above-mentioned trasplanting method, and transformation plant pit, the size that generally according to Greening Design, requires the requirement of trees to determine plant pit, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 18～20cm for the present embodiment plantation, the method paulownia of height of tree 14m, the plant pit size is set as 2m*2m*2m, be provided with observation well casing and nutrient delivery method in plant pit and transplanted, survival rate is 100%, all survives, and the number growing way is vigorous at present.
The present invention compares with existing technology, is specially adapted to the varieties in saline-alkali areas that the road surface stone material has been laid, and has reduced on the one hand the cost of greening, has also solved in addition the low problem of large nursery stock transplanting success.By growing area, transform, nursery stock is prepared, reasonable plant pit layout, add suitable maintenance measure, effective lowering of watertable, and can observe at any time the height of water level, keep the skin wet in good time, for changing alkali, salt reduction provides advantage, for plant growth provides control environment, can significantly promote large nursery stock root growth, strengthen growing way, plant percent is reached more than 98%, effectively solve the not high problem of the large nursery stock transplanting success of varieties in saline-alkali areas, for the beach saline land fast greening provides effective way.In addition, the present invention is not only applicable to large tree, ancient tree is transplanted, also be applicable to be grown in the poor ancient tree maintenance of geographical conditions, by observe well casing observe moisture the number, thereby improve because maintenance technology falls behind and easily cause the tree vigo(u)r decline, root system is aging, and moisture and nutrient absorption ability are reduced, and the prolongation trees life-span also has significant effect.
The above is only to preferred embodiment of the present invention, not the present invention is done to any pro forma restriction, every foundation technical spirit of the present invention is to any simple modification made for any of the above embodiments, and equivalent variations and modification, all belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. transplant the large-scale landscape tree method in saline land for one kind, it is characterized in that: in saline land, the large-scale landscape tree trasplanting method mainly comprises the following steps:
1), nursery stock prepares, select nursery stock according to landscape need, and retain native ball;
2), plant pit is prepared:
A, according to the size of native ball, and excavate plant pit by shoveling instrument or equipment;
B, lay the clean stone nitre of 50～60cm in the bottom of plant pit, form permeable layer;
C, lay the Nutrition Soil of 30cm～40cm at the upper surface of permeable layer;
3), plant trees:
A, in the excircle coiling of nursery stock soil ball, the nutrient canal of carrying nutrition is arranged, nutrient canal is provided with nutrient solution and oozes out hole;
B, nursery stock is placed in above-mentioned plant pit, and adjusts its direction of planting;
C, in a side of native ball, be provided with the observation well casing, the bottom of described observation well casing is provided with water seepage hole, and the excircle of described water seepage hole is enclosed with filter element and forms infiltration section, and described infiltration section inserts in permeable layer position on the lower, middle part;
D, righting nursery stock and observation well casing, toward the interior backfill conditioned soil of plant pit;
4), maintenance:
A, the ponding situation of regularly by observing well, observing trees ' root, especially in rainfall more sufficient season;
B, in two seasons of growth of trees, by nutrient canal, carry nutrient solution;
C, according to the situation of the disappearance of the growing ways of trees and trace element, supplement at any time.
2. transplant the topology layout of the plant pit of large-scale landscape tree in saline land for what implement said method for one kind, it is characterized in that: described plant pit be shaped as a cube plant pit; Permeable layer is laid in bottom at plant pit, the upper surface of described permeable layer is laid Nutrition Soil, the top of described Nutrition Soil is nursery stock soil ball, the surrounding backfill conditioned soil of nursery stock soil ball, be provided with the observation well casing in the side of native ball, the bottom of described observation well casing is provided with bottom and is provided with water seepage hole, and the excircle of described water seepage hole is enclosed with filter element and forms infiltration section, and the interior middle part of described infiltration section's insertion permeable layer is position on the lower.
3. according to claim 2ly for what implement said method, transplant the topology layout of the plant pit of large-scale landscape tree in saline land, it is characterized in that: the permeable layer of laying in the bottom of plant pit is elected clean stone nitre as, and the thickness of described clean stone nitre is 50～60cm.
4. according to claim 2ly for what implement said method, transplant the topology layout of the plant pit of large-scale landscape tree in saline land, it is characterized in that: lay the Nutrition Soil of 30cm～40cm at the upper surface of permeable layer, described Nutrition Soil is planting soil, mountain skin sand and soddy soil; The proportioning of described three kinds of materials is 7:2:1.
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