CN104365301A - Film mulching planting method for peanuts in saline-alkali soil - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a film mulching planting method for peanuts in saline-alkali soil. The film mulching planting method is characterized by comprising steps of (1) seed selection, (2) soil preparation, (3) fertilization, (4) ridge making, (5) film mulching, (6) seed sowing, (7) top application, (8) irrigation and (9) weeding. The film mulching planting method has the advantages that a technology of mulching a film for covering the soil is an environment-friendly disease and pest prevention process, and harm to seeds due to high-temperature heat in films can be prevented by the technology for drilling holes first and then sowing the seeds; salt can be induced and rises into ridges by means of ridge making, and accordingly the contents of salt in field ditches can be reduced; salt suppressing effects, warming effects and heat-insulation and moisture preservation effects can be realized by means of film mulching, accordingly, the contents of salt of peanut cultivation layers in the saline-alkali soil can be reduced by 23.6-26.8%, the fruit number of each single plant can be increased by 10.4-15.0%, the kilogram fruit number can be reduced by 6.9-14.7%, a full-pod rate and a kernel yield can be respectively increased by 2.9-6.3% and 2.3-5.7%, the yield can be increased by 22.8-35.9%, and the film mulching planting method has excellent economic and social benefits.

Description

A kind of saline land peanut tectorial implantation methods

Technical field

The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology field, be specifically related to a kind of saline land peanut tectorial implantation methods.

Background technology

Peanut has another name called peanut, belongs to Papilionaceae Arachis annual herb plant.Originate in south Americaone band.The country of cultivating peanut in the world has more than 100, asiathe most general, be secondaryly africa.According to chinaabout peanut document record cultivation history about early than europemore than 100 year.Peanut is described as " Vegetable meat " by people, and oil content is up to 50%, best in quality, smell delicate fragrance.Except edible, also for printing and dyeing, paper industry.Peanut is also a herb, the disease such as be suitable for malnutritive, taste imbalance, cough asthma due to excessive phlegm, milk lack.The cultivation management technology of peanut is also relatively strong.

The soil salinization is the serious problems affecting agricultural production and ecotope.The whole world about has the arable land of 50% to be subject to salt stress harm, and China's saline land area reaches 1,500,000,000 mu.Peanut is the main oil crop of China and economic crops, and along with the increase of population, the increase of demand, the continuous decline of arable area, ground contradiction striven by grain and oil, and existing peanut cultivation mode is planted in saline land, and output is extremely low, cannot normally cultivate.How development and utilization salinization land resource carries out peanut yield increasing has great importance.

Plastic film mulching cultivation be a kind of on the soil of long-term cropping cover film to improve soil temperature, to keep the technology of soil moisture and nutrient, reached the object increasing crop yield and improve product quality by the ecological environment of soil creating plant growth preferably.Peanut is the geocarpic crop that blooms on the ground, and pod time of growth and maturity in soil is long, and the impact by soil temperature, moisture and nutrient is large, therefore the impact of plastic mulching on peanut yield and quality is very large.

But current peanut plastic mulching method is only applicable to spring planting peanut cultivation in South China, and autumn-planted peanuts still can not apply film-mulching technique.Genus subtropical zone, South China of China, hot climate at the beginning of autumn late summer, autumn-planted peanuts is being generally sowing in about 10 days before and after the beginning of autumn at the beginning of 8 months, as adopted plastic mulching, now temperature in the shed can reach 50 ~ 60 DEG C, and peanut seed can be burnt, cannot normally sprout and grow, cause losing and receive.If can improve existing peanut film-mulching technique, while its preserve moisture and fertility function of performance, the too high impact of temperature in the shed summer and autumn can be alleviated again, the output of autumn-planted peanuts can be significantly improved.

Summary of the invention

For solving deficiency of the prior art, the object of the invention is to provide a kind of saline land peanut tectorial implantation methods, and it is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:

(1) choose seeds: seed selection benevolence large and neat, seedfull, not have mechanical damage high gas oil ratio peanut flower educates No. 22, flower educates the one-level of No. 25 or E12 new varieties, secondary large grain plant, and every 100 jin of seed 95-105 g carbendazim seed dressing is sterilized;

(2) wholely: select draining, water water condition relatively good, be rich in sandy soil with organic, do not multiply a large amount of grub, nematode and other soil insect plot, after stubble harvesting, remove the thing such as stalk, weeds;

(3) apply fertilizer: mu executes the fertile 2800-3000 kg of the chicken manure become thoroughly decomposed; Film-coated controlled release fertilizer is the 1/3-1/2 of chicken manure fertilizer, and every chicken manure mu executes diammonium phosphate 13-15 kg, urea 13-15 kg, potassium sulfate 15-17 kg;

(4) making ridge: turn over rear making ridge of raking the soil level in time and make row spacing 40-42cm, the new ridge of ridge height 22-24cm, ridge face width 14-16cm, jolt-squeezes after ridge forming in time;

(5) overlay film: be width 33-35cm white in the middle of covering, both sides are the black of 18-22cm, and thickness is at the mulch film of 0.005-0.006 mm, and earthing becomes the little ridge that 8-10cm is wide, 7-9cm is high on the face of seeding belt;

(6) sow: stewing ground 9-10 days after epiphragma, furrow width 35-38cm, mulch film punches, and will show soil out exposed, equidistantly sow in two, Nei Neimei cave, hole, the degree of depth of sowing is 4.5-5.5cm, broadcasts two row peanuts, the line-spacing 30-33cm of this two row peanut; Earthing lid kind press mold, the seed sowed can not cover in mulch film;

(7) topdress: Post flowering sprays potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 2-3 time of 0.3-0.5% for 7 weeks, every minor tick one week, every mu sprays the strong full peace growth regulator of 22-25g;

(8) irrigate: keep water-retaining quantity among field of soil at 45-50%;

(9) weeding: carry out 1 intertill and clean tillage before blooming in furrow ditch, prevent in the spot film emergence period, with 750-800 doubly 25% green dimension worm mite reagent spray control, prevents and kill off standing grain herbaceous weed, cuts weeds for artificial group for every mu.

The beneficial effect of the invention:

In the present invention, epiphragma is boiled in a covered pot over a slow fire ground technology and can be effectively utilized the High temperature in summer, and killing in film part germ, weeds and insect in soil, is a kind of environment protection method of prevention and elimination of disease and pests.First after punching, seeding technique can to avoid in film high temperature to the injury of seed.Ridging can induce salinity to rise in ridge, reduces salt content in furrow.Due to face, ridge covering with plastic film, rainwater drops down in ditch along mulch film, and can play the effect of pressure salt, the heating effect of mulch film can guide in soil moisture and move, and also salinity is taken in ridge simultaneously, the salt in soil is more focused on ridge, reduces salt content in ditch; The effect of mulch film heat and moisture preserving, is conducive to the fertility of peanut stalwartness, improves salt resistance.Achieve the plantation of peanut in saline land, make peanut plow layer salt content in saline land reduce 23.6-26.8%, per plant number can improve 10.4-15.0%, and a kilogram fruit number reduces 6.9-14.7%, plumpness and kernel percent improve 2.9-6.3% and 2.3-5.7% respectively, volume increase 22.8-35.9%.Utilize this cultivation method simple and practical, be easy to grasp, be convenient to popularize, improve the output of peanut, there is good economic benefit and social benefit.

embodiment 1

Seed selection benevolence large and neat, seedone-level, secondary large grain that full, not have mechanical damage high gas oil ratio peanut flower educates No. 22 plants, and every 100 jin of seeds are dressed seed with 95 g carbendazim and sterilized; Select draining, water water condition relatively good, be rich in sandy soil with organic, do not multiply a large amount of grub, nematode and other soil insect plot, after stubble harvesting, remove the thing such as stalk, weeds; Mu executes the fertile 2800kg of the chicken manure become thoroughly decomposed; Film-coated controlled release fertilizer 950kg, every chicken manure mu executes diammonium phosphate 13kg, urea 13kg, potassium sulfate 15 kg; Making ridge: turn over rear making ridge of raking the soil level in time and make row spacing 40cm, the new ridge of ridge height 22cm, ridge face width 14cm, jolt-squeezes after ridge forming in time; Be width 33cm white in the middle of covering, both sides are the black of 22cm, and thickness is at the mulch film of 0.005 mm, and on the face of seeding belt, earthing becomes the little ridge that 8cm is wide, 7cm is high; 9 days, stewing ground after epiphragma, furrow width 35cm, mulch film punches, and will show soil out exposed, equidistantly sow in two, Nei Neimei cave, hole, the degree of depth of sowing is 4.5cm, broadcasts two row peanuts, the line-spacing 30cm of this two row peanut; Earthing lid kind press mold, the seed sowed can not cover in mulch film; Post flowering sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 2 times of 0.3% for 7 weeks, every minor tick one week, and every mu sprays the strong full peace growth regulator of 22g; Keep water-retaining quantity among field of soil 45%; In furrow ditch, carry out 1 intertill and clean tillage before blooming, prevent in the spot film emergence period, with 750 times of 25% green dimension worm mite reagent spray control, prevent and kill off standing grain herbaceous weed, cut weeds for artificial group for every mu.

embodiment 2

Seed selection benevolence large and neat, seedone-level, secondary large grain that full, not have mechanical damage high gas oil ratio peanut flower educates No. 25 plants, and every 100 jin of seeds are dressed seed with 95 g carbendazim and sterilized; Select draining, water water condition relatively good, be rich in sandy soil with organic, do not multiply a large amount of grub, nematode and other soil insect plot, after stubble harvesting, remove the thing such as stalk, weeds; Mu executes the fertile 2800kg of the chicken manure become thoroughly decomposed; Film-coated controlled release fertilizer 950kg, every chicken manure mu executes diammonium phosphate 13kg, urea 13kg, potassium sulfate 15 kg; Making ridge: turn over rear making ridge of raking the soil level in time and make row spacing 40cm, the new ridge of ridge height 22cm, ridge face width 14cm, jolt-squeezes after ridge forming in time; Be width 33cm white in the middle of covering, both sides are the black of 22cm, and thickness is at the mulch film of 0.005 mm, and on the face of seeding belt, earthing becomes the little ridge that 8cm is wide, 7cm is high; 9 days, stewing ground after epiphragma, furrow width 35cm, mulch film punches, and will show soil out exposed, equidistantly sow in two, Nei Neimei cave, hole, the degree of depth of sowing is 4.5cm, broadcasts two row peanuts, the line-spacing 30cm of this two row peanut; Earthing lid kind press mold, the seed sowed can not cover in mulch film; Post flowering sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 2 times of 0.3% for 7 weeks, every minor tick one week, and every mu sprays the strong full peace growth regulator of 22g; Keep water-retaining quantity among field of soil 45%; In furrow ditch, carry out 1 intertill and clean tillage before blooming, prevent in the spot film emergence period, with 750 times of 25% green dimension worm mite reagent spray control, prevent and kill off standing grain herbaceous weed, cut weeds for artificial group for every mu.Test of the present invention in 2011 contrasts as table 1 with prior art

Table 1 the present invention is on the impact of output economical character

Table 1 result shows, compared with contrast peanut, this invention can make peanut plow layer salt content in saline land reduce 23.6-25.3%, per plant number can improve 10.4-14.6%, kilogram fruit number reduce 6.9-14.7%, plumpness and kernel percent improve 2.9-6.1% and 2.3-3.5% respectively, volume increase 22.8-35.8%.

embodiment 3

Seed selection benevolence large and neat, seedone-level, secondary large grain that full, not have mechanical damage high gas oil ratio peanut flower educates No. 22 plants, and every 100 jin of seeds are dressed seed with 105 g carbendazim and sterilized; Select draining, water water condition relatively good, be rich in sandy soil with organic, do not multiply a large amount of grub, nematode and other soil insect plot, after stubble harvesting, remove the thing such as stalk, weeds; Mu executes fertile 3000 kg of the chicken manure become thoroughly decomposed; Film-coated controlled release fertilizer 1200kg, every chicken manure mu executes diammonium phosphate 15 kg, urea 15 kg, potassium sulfate 15kg; Making ridge: turn over rear making ridge of raking the soil level in time and make row spacing 42cm, the new ridge of ridge height 22cm, ridge face width 16cm, jolt-squeezes after ridge forming in time; Be width 35cm white in the middle of covering, both sides are the black of 18cm, and thickness is at the mulch film of 0.005 mm, and on the face of seeding belt, earthing becomes the little ridge that 10cm is wide, 9cm is high; 10 days, stewing ground after epiphragma, furrow width 38cm, mulch film punches, and will show soil out exposed, equidistantly sow in two, Nei Neimei cave, hole, the degree of depth of sowing is 5.5cm, broadcasts two row peanuts, the line-spacing 33cm of this two row peanut; Earthing lid kind press mold, the seed sowed can not cover in mulch film; Post flowering sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 3 times of 0.5% for 7 weeks, every minor tick one week, and every mu sprays the strong full peace growth regulator of 25g; Keep water-retaining quantity among field of soil 50%; In furrow ditch, carry out 1 intertill and clean tillage before blooming, prevent in the spot film emergence period, with 800 times of 25% green dimension worm mite reagent spray control, prevent and kill off standing grain herbaceous weed, cut weeds for artificial group for every mu.

embodiment 4

Seed selection benevolence large and neat, seedone-level, secondary large grain that full, not have mechanical damage high gas oil ratio peanut flower educates No. 25 plants, and every 100 jin of seeds are dressed seed with 105 g carbendazim and sterilized; Select draining, water water condition relatively good, be rich in sandy soil with organic, do not multiply a large amount of grub, nematode and other soil insect plot, after stubble harvesting, remove the thing such as stalk, weeds; Mu executes fertile 3000 kg of the chicken manure become thoroughly decomposed; Film-coated controlled release fertilizer 1200kg, every chicken manure mu executes diammonium phosphate 15 kg, urea 15 kg, potassium sulfate 15kg; Making ridge: turn over rear making ridge of raking the soil level in time and make row spacing 42cm, the new ridge of ridge height 22cm, ridge face width 16cm, jolt-squeezes after ridge forming in time; Be width 35cm white in the middle of covering, both sides are the black of 18cm, and thickness is at the mulch film of 0.005 mm, and on the face of seeding belt, earthing becomes the little ridge that 10cm is wide, 9cm is high; 10 days, stewing ground after epiphragma, furrow width 38cm, mulch film punches, and will show soil out exposed, equidistantly sow in two, Nei Neimei cave, hole, the degree of depth of sowing is 5.5cm, broadcasts two row peanuts, the line-spacing 33cm of this two row peanut; Earthing lid kind press mold, the seed sowed can not cover in mulch film; Post flowering sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 3 times of 0.5% for 7 weeks, every minor tick one week, and every mu sprays the strong full peace growth regulator of 25g; Keep water-retaining quantity among field of soil 50%; In furrow ditch, carry out 1 intertill and clean tillage before blooming, prevent in the spot film emergence period, with 800 times of 25% green dimension worm mite reagent spray control, prevent and kill off standing grain herbaceous weed, cut weeds for artificial group for every mu.

Within 2012, test invention technology contrasts as table 2 with prior art

Table 2 the present invention is on the impact of output economical character

Table 2 result shows, compared with contrast peanut, this invention can make peanut plow layer salt content in saline land reduce 24.8-26.8%, per plant number can improve 13.8-15.0%, kilogram fruit number reduce 7.0-14.7%, plumpness and kernel percent improve 4.7-6.3% and 3.6-5.7% respectively, volume increase 22.9-35.9%.

Comprehensive above-described embodiment can be found out, compared with contrast peanut, the present invention makes peanut plow layer salt content in saline land reduce 23.6-26.8%, per plant number can improve 10.4-15.0%, kilogram fruit number reduce 6.9-14.7%, plumpness and kernel percent improve 2.9-6.3% and 2.3-5.7% respectively, volume increase 22.8-35.9%.

Claims (1)

1. a saline land peanut tectorial implantation methods, is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:

(1) choose seeds: large and neat, the full seed of seed selection benevolence, do not have that the high gas oil ratio peanut of mechanical damage flower educates No. 22, flower educates the one-level of No. 25 or E12 new varieties, secondary large grain plant, every 100 jin of seed 95-105 g carbendazim are dressed seed and are sterilized;

(2) wholely: select draining, water water condition relatively good, be rich in sandy soil with organic, do not multiply a large amount of grub, nematode and other soil insect plot, after stubble harvesting, remove the thing such as stalk, weeds;

(3) apply fertilizer: mu executes the fertile 2800-3000 kg of the chicken manure become thoroughly decomposed; Film-coated controlled release fertilizer is the 1/3-1/2 of chicken manure fertilizer, and every chicken manure mu executes diammonium phosphate 13-15 kg, urea 13-15 kg, potassium sulfate 15-17 kg;

(4) making ridge: turn over rear making ridge of raking the soil level in time and make row spacing 40-42cm, the new ridge of ridge height 22-24cm, ridge face width 14-16cm, jolt-squeezes after ridge forming in time;

(5) overlay film: be width 33-35cm white in the middle of covering, both sides are the black of 18-22cm, and thickness is at the mulch film of 0.005-0.006 mm, and earthing becomes the little ridge that 8-10cm is wide, 7-9cm is high on the face of seeding belt;

(6) sow: stewing ground 9-10 days after epiphragma, furrow width 35-38cm, mulch film punches, and will show soil out exposed, equidistantly sow in two, Nei Neimei cave, hole, the degree of depth of sowing is 4.5-5.5cm, broadcasts two row peanuts, the line-spacing 30-33cm of this two row peanut; Earthing lid kind press mold, the seed sowed can not cover in mulch film;

(7) topdress: Post flowering sprays potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 2-3 time of 0.3-0.5% for 7 weeks, every minor tick one week, every mu sprays the strong full peace growth regulator of 22-25g;

(8) irrigate: keep water-retaining quantity among field of soil at 45-50%;

(9) weeding: carry out 1 intertill and clean tillage before blooming in furrow ditch, prevent in the spot film emergence period, with 750-800 doubly 25% green dimension worm mite reagent spray control, prevents and kill off standing grain herbaceous weed, cuts weeds for artificial group for every mu.