CN105230324A - Corn cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a corn cultivation method. The method comprises the management steps of fertilizer applying, corn planting, field management, harvesting and the like, wherein the fertilizer applying particularly comprises the steps that in the application period, fertilizer is applied 25-30 days before corn is sown or transplanted; furrowing is conducted, paying off and cage opening are conduced according to double rows of planting corn with the specification of 130-150 cm on leveled land, furrowing is conducted on the center of the cage face in the direction of corn planting, the depth of a furrow ranges from 15 cm to 20 cm, and the width of the furrow ranges from 20 cm to 25 cm; fertilizer applying is conducted, 1500-2000 kg of farm manure and 10 kg of chemical fertilizer are applied per mu, the farm manure is evenly applied in the furrow, and the chemical fertilizer is scattered on the farm manure; ridging and soil covering are conducted, an equidistant-row net wide ridge is 85 cm wide, wide and narrow row spacing intercropping ridge is 90-100 cm wide and 15-25 cm high, soil in the cage covers on the fertilizer, the ridge is shaped like a tile back, the soil thickness ranges from 5 cm to 10 cm, organic fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer are resolved and cured in the soil, and corn is sown or transplanted with the row spacing of 30 cm on the cage face after 25-30 days. By means of the corn cultivation method, the yield of the corn is obviously improved.

Description

A kind of cultivating method of crop

Technical field

The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology field, particularly relate to a kind of cultivating method of crop.

Background technology

In recent years, Maize Production weighs benefit, gently increases soil fertility, and it is large that per unit area yield improves pressure.In order to pursue corn stable yields, volume increase, peasant household uses more chemical fertilizer on unit soil, and some soils cause soil compaction.Many peasant households use simple fertilizing methods such as " one bombard ", and because quality is uneven, Fertilizer Ratio not science, damage by disease and insect increases the weight of, and resistance reduces.Because corn planting benefit comparison is low, peasant had not both had ability to be unwilling to increase input in increasing soil fertility yet, and the phenomenon of plough " Farmland was overused without proper attention to the maintenance of its fertility " is general, and little applications of farmyard manure, limits the raising of corn per unit area yield to a certain extent.In addition, a lot of peasant household takes to spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer, is both unfavorable for Crop, and availability is extremely low, and waste is very big, again to environment.Corn growth early stage and later stage are subject to low temperature effect, and plant resistance is poor, easily freeze injury occurs, and therefore, current cultivating method of crop to be improved, to improve corn yield.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to the defect solving the existence of above-mentioned prior art, a kind of cultivating method of crop improving corn yield is provided.

A kind of cultivating method of crop, comprises the following steps:

The Ji Shibao heart is fertile:

A (), Dressing date, use at corn seeding or before transplanting for 25-30 days;

B (), corrugate, on smooth good soil, open railway carriage or compartment by duplicate rows corn 130-150 centimetre of specification unwrapping wire of planting, to plant direction corrugate along corn in face, railway carriage or compartment central authorities, ditch depth 15-20 centimetre, furrow width 20-25 centimetre;

(c), fertilising, by every mu of applications of farmyard manure 1500-2000 kilogram, the consumption that chemical fertilizer is 10 kilograms, first imposes in ditch by uniform for farmyard manure bar, is then sprinkling upon above farmyard manure by chemical fertilizer;

(d), ridging earthing, only row spacing 85 centimetres is made Deng line-spacing, wide-and narrow-row interplanting row spacing 90-100 centimetre, ridge height 15-25 centimetre, cover above fertilizer by soil in railway carriage or compartment, ridging becomes watt back type, thickness of earth covering 5-10 centimetre, allow fertilizer and chemical fertilizer decompose slaking in soil, after 25-30 days, press line-spacing 30 centimetres sowing or Transplanting Maize in face, railway carriage or compartment;

Corn planting: adopt mode that is live or seedling raising and transplanting;

Field management:

A () is looked into seedling and is filled a vacancy, live three leaves or transplanting are looked into seedling, thinning in time, filled the gaps with seedlings after being revival from transplanting, and final singling is carried out when 5 true leaves, and every nest stays strain strong sprout, fills the gaps with seedlings simultaneously, band soil mud seedling, and waters sufficient normal root water, ensures that seedling survives;

(b) weeding, intertill and clean tillage: Maize at Seedling Stage intertillage can be carried out 1-2 time, and combines fertilising, suitably earths up, the depth requirements of intertillage accomplishes that seedling is other shallow, dark in row, shallow before final singling, after final singling deeply;

C () is applied fertilizer

(1) gently execute and carry seed manure, when 5-6 sheet leaf, impose seed manure, use a urea 5-8 kilogram nest for every mu and execute, then blinding; If seedling stage, lack of water, poured water in time; When excessive rainfall, soil moisture, ponding, zanjon row ponding must be opened, improve soil aeration condition;

(2) heavy dressing ear manuer, when 14-15 sheet leaf, ear manuer is attacked in heavy dressing, and fertile amount accounts for the 30-40% of total fertilizing amount, and every mu of sealing fertilizer 40 kilograms is converted liquid dung nest clearly and executed, and combines and earths up;

(d) extermination of disease and insect pest

Control of maize snout moth's larva, banded sclerotial blight; With killing snout moth's larva spirit No. 1 granule or 2.5% Dimehypo Fg dessert control of maize snout moth's larva, meanwhile, banded sclerotial blight is prevented and treated with 70% thiophanate methyl or the spraying of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 500 ~ 800 times of liquid routines;

Results:

Eat dish corn raw can gather in the crops after grouting in 16-22 days after pollination; Grain corn after seed milk-line disappears, will be gathered in the crops when there is stain.

Further, cultivating method of crop as above, nitrogen, phosphorus, the K composite fertilizer of described chemical fertilizer to be effective content be 40-45%.

Further, cultivating method of crop as above, describedly lively to comprise the following steps:

A in () sowing time, the place that height above sea level is less than 600 meters, sowed in 5-15 day in March; The place of height above sea level 600-1200 rice, sowed in 15-25 day in March; The place that height above sea level is more than 1200 meters, sowed in March 25 to April 10;

(b) seeding quantity, every mu of Honda corn seed seeding quantity 1000-1500 gram, 2 seeds sowed by every nest;

(c) planting density, low altitude area, mu plants 2200-2500 strain; High altitude localities, mu plants 2800-3200 strain;

(d) sowing specification, mu is planted the line-spacing plantation specifications such as 2200-2500 strain and is: line-spacing 85 centimetres, and spacing in the rows is at 31-35 centimetre; Mu plants the line-spacing plantation specifications such as 2800-3200 strain: line-spacing 85 centimetres, and spacing in the rows is at 24-28 centimetre; The area of corn relay interplanting potato planting, planting patterns adopts 2 row corn relay interplanting 1 row potatos, and mu plants 2900-3400 strain; Wide-narrow row planting specification is: wide row 100 centimetres, narrow row 30 centimetres, spacing in the rows 30-35 centimetre;

E () is sowed

Face, ridge is beaten nest two row, line-spacing 30 centimetres, nest, apart from determining by planting density, drenches a little clear liquid dung, is then sowed in nest by seed by spacing in the rows in nest, and every nest sowing 2, sowing limit, limit blinding, blinding thickness is 1-5 centimetre.

Further, cultivating method of crop as above, described seedling raising and transplanting comprises the following steps:

A the choosing of ground, () seedbed, selects leeward facing south, the place of water intaking, convenient management;

B () seedbed prepares, adopt semi-underground type seedbed, seedbed is high 20 centimetres, and seedbed is wide 120 centimetres, and length is determined with nursery quantity;

C () Nutrition Soil is prepared burden, loose, the fertile vegetable garden soil 1000 jin of mu, well-rotted farmyard manure 500 jin, superphosphate 20 jin, 1 jin, zinc sulphate;

(d) nursery, adopt manually stick together, the mode of nutrition device or square nursery, nutrition sticks together nursery: fully mixed by Nutrition Soil, with clear liquid dung or clear water spice, humidity is pinched agglomerating with hand, land and namely fall apart for degree, do ovalisation or cylindrical nutrition sticks together, often stick together weight 0.2-0.25 kilogram, nutrition stick together top punching, broadcast registered seed 1, by fine earth lid kind, water sufficient moisture; Square nursery: be laid in seedbed by the Nutrition Soil prepared, with clear liquid dung or clear water spice, screeding and compaction, thickness 5-6 centimetre, is divided into the square of 5 centimetres with cutter, punches, broadcast registered seed 1 in the square.After planting by fine earth lid kind, thickness 2 centimetres is advisable, with bamboo chip arch camber overlay film, and sagitta 0.5 meter;

(e) seedbed management, seed does not take off film before being unearthed, after being unearthed, according to weather condition, at 10 in sun sky morning to 3 attentions in afternoon are taken off film cooling, are ventilated, when bed soil turns white, water spray moisturizing, prevents high temperature from burning seedling, after two leaves, use liquid dung clearly in right amount, accomplish incremental, have many meals but little food at eath, take off film hardening daytime, nurturing staff;

(f) transplant, transplant land for growing field crops after three leaves, using sufficient base fertilizer, after normal root water, by qualified maize seedling on request density specification plant.

The present invention adopts corn-based to execute bag heart fertilizer technology, and early stage, fertilizer had heating effect, strengthens the cryophylactic ability of corn in early stage, can do sth. in advance the corn seeding phase, ripen in advance is gathered in the crops, and circumvents later stage low temperature effect, in the mountain area of height above sea level more than 1200 meters, seem even more important; Applying organic manure, can strengthen corn resistance, reduces the probability that disease occurs, and reduces Pesticide use amount, reduces production cost, improve the planting technology level of peasant household, facilitate peasant's cost-saving synergistic; Applying organic manure, can improve soil structure, keep soil from packing together, and not only improves to corn per unit area yield, quality, and is conducive to Maize Production sustainable development.Therefore, technology that corn-based is executed " Bao Xinfei ", effectively overcomes the shortcoming of conventional fertilizer application technology, realizes increasing both production and income.

Embodiment

For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly, below technical scheme in the present invention be clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.

Finger executed by base of the present invention: crop sowing or the fertilizer in being manured into soil before transplanting.Described Bao Xinfei refers to: on whole good soil, take corrugate exactly or beat the mode of nest, by fertilizer (mainly farmyard manure, fertilizer, also can be chemical fertilizer) apply in ditch or nest, then earthing, (or side) sowing or transplanting crop above.

Cultivating method of crop provided by the invention specifically comprises following measures:

(1) Fruit variety

Select examined by state or economize careful hybrid corn variety.Generally should select that output is high, quality better, the hybrid corn variety of strong stress resistance.Different ecological region, select the kind of different bearing characteristic, the mountain area that height above sea level is more than 1000 meters, maturing stage comparatively morning, quality middle fringe type corn variety preferably should be selected, the hills that height above sea level is less than 1000 meters, Pingba corn planting region, in should selecting, slow ripe large-spike cultivar.Require according to production object different, select dish corn, waxy corn, coloured corn, sweet corn, high oil corn, fodder maize etc.Simultaneously according to the progress of corn breeding, constantly update kind.

(2) soil prepares

1, selection of land.Corn is happiness rich water, good warm, aerobic many, the crop that is afraid of flooded stain, peracid, crosses and to glue and barren soil all can make corn growth bad.Therefore, selection of land preferably convenient with irrigation and drainage, be convenient to manage, loam between PH6.5-7, more than middle fertility or sandy loam be advisable.

2, wholely.Whole is well the precondition that seedling saved from damage by live corn.By mechanical rotary tillage or traditional real tillage after selection of land, the degree of depth reaches 20 cm, holds drain ditch successfully, thorough cut, encloses each dark 30 centimetres of ditch, and accomplish that ditch ditch communicates, native face is smooth.Reach the site preparation quality requirement of " Horizon, soil are thin, moisture in the soil is sufficient ".

(3) base is executed " Bao Xinfei "

1, Dressing date.Within 25-30 days, use at corn seeding or before transplanting.

2, corrugate.On smooth good soil, open railway carriage or compartment by duplicate rows corn 130-150 centimetre of specification unwrapping wire of planting, to plant direction corrugate along corn in face, railway carriage or compartment central authorities, ditch depth 15-20 centimetre, furrow width 20-25 centimetre.

3, apply fertilizer.By every mu of applications of farmyard manure 1500-2000 kilogram, the consumption of chemical fertilizer 10 kilograms (preferably effective content is nitrogen, phosphorus, the K composite fertilizer of 40-45%).First uniform for farmyard manure bar is imposed in ditch, then chemical fertilizer is sprinkling upon above farmyard manure.

4, ridging earthing.Only make row spacing 85 centimetres (bag ditch) Deng line-spacing, wide-and narrow-row interplanting row spacing 90-100 centimetre (bag ditch), ridge height about 20 cm, covers above fertilizer by soil in railway carriage or compartment, and ridging becomes watt back type, and thickness of earth covering 5-10 centimetre is advisable.Allow fertilizer and chemical fertilizer decompose slaking in soil, after 25-30 days, press line-spacing 30 centimetres sowing or Transplanting Maize in face, railway carriage or compartment.

(4) sowing or seedling raising and transplanting

Corn planting divides two kinds of modes: i.e. live and seedling raising and transplanting.In high altitude localities, in order to escape later stage chilling damage, generally take the mode of seedling raising and transplanting in advance; Low altitude area, in order to escape later stage high temperature damage or dish corn goes on the market in advance, also takes the mode of seedling raising and transplanting in advance.

1, live

(1) sowing time.Determine by height above sea level, temperature is stable can be sowed after 10 DEG C.Low altitude area is first broadcast, and broadcasts behind high altitude localities.For Fengjie County of Chongqing City, the place that height above sea level is less than 600 meters, should sow in 5-15 day in March, the place of height above sea level 600-1200 rice, should sow in 15-25 day in March.The place that height above sea level is more than 1200 meters, should sow in March 25 to April 10.

(2) seeding quantity.Every mu of Honda corn seed seeding quantity 1000-1500 gram, 2 seeds sowed by every nest.

(3) planting density.According to many factors determination planting densities such as height above sea level, kind, date of seeding, soil fertility, cultivation conditions.High altitude localities, dense-type variety, evening date of seeding, soil fertility is poor, managerial skills are high suitable dense planting, the suitable thin planting that low altitude area, flat-type kind, date of seeding are early, soil fertility is good, managerial skills are high.For Fengjie County of Chongqing City, low altitude area, corn variety is mainly based on large-spike cultivar, and general mu plants 2200-2500 strain; High altitude localities, corn variety is based on middle fringe type kind, and general mu plants 2800-3200 strain.

(4) specification is sowed.Corn seeding mode such as to mainly contain at line-spacing and the wide-and narrow-row two kinds.Mu plants the line-spacing plantation specifications such as 2200-2500 strain: line-spacing 85 centimetres, and spacing in the rows is at 31-35 centimetre; Mu plants the line-spacing plantation specifications such as 2800-3200 strain: line-spacing 85 centimetres, spacing in the rows is at 24-28 centimetre.The area of corn relay interplanting potato planting, planting patterns mainly adopts 2 row corn relay interplanting 1 row potatos, and mu plants 2900-3400 strain.Wide-narrow row planting specification is: wide row 100 centimetres, narrow row 30 centimetres, spacing in the rows 30-35 centimetre.

(5) sow

Face, ridge is beaten nest two row, line-spacing 30 centimetres, nest is apart from determining by planting density.Drench a little clear liquid dung in nest, then seed is sowed at (by spacing in the rows) in nest, every nest sowing 2, sowing limit, limit blinding, blinding thickness is 3 cm.

2, seedling raising and transplanting

(1) ground, seedbed choosing.Select leeward facing south, the place of water intaking, convenient management.

(2) seedbed prepares.Adopt semi-underground type seedbed, seedbed high 20 centimetres (play 10 centimetres, soil, build 10 centimetres, the ridge), seedbed is wide 120 centimetres, and length is determined with nursery quantity.

(3) Nutrition Soil batching.By " 1521 " proportions, that is: loose, the fertile vegetable garden soil 1000 jin of mu, well-rotted farmyard manure 500 jin, superphosphate 20 jin, 1 jin, zinc sulphate.Forbid to add chemical nitrogen fertilizer (carbon ammonium, urea) in batching.

(4) nursery.Adopt manually stick together, the mode of nutrition device or square nursery.Nutrition sticks together nursery: fully mixed by Nutrition Soil, with clear liquid dung or clear water spice, humidity is with " hand is pinched agglomerating; land and namely fall apart " for degree, and do ovalisation or cylindrical nutrition sticks together, often stick together weight 0.2-0.25 kilogram, nutrition stick together top punching, broadcast registered seed 1, by fine earth lid kind, water sufficient moisture; Square nursery: be laid in seedbed by the Nutrition Soil prepared, with clear liquid dung or clear water spice, screeding and compaction, thickness 5-6 centimetre, is divided into the square of 5 centimetres with cutter, punches, broadcast registered seed 1 in the square.After planting by fine earth lid kind, thickness 2 centimetres is advisable.With bamboo chip arch camber overlay film, sagitta 0.5 meter.

(5) seedbed management.Seed does not take off film before being unearthed.After being unearthed, according to weather condition, 3 attentions in 10 points in the morning-afternoon of sun sky are taken off film cooling, are ventilated, and when bed soil turns white, water spray moisturizing, prevents high temperature from burning seedling.After two leaves, use liquid dung clearly in right amount, accomplish incremental, have many meals but little food at eath, take off film hardening daytime, nurturing staff.

(6) transplant.Land for growing field crops is transplanted after three leaves.Using sufficient base fertilizer, after normal root water, by qualified maize seedling on request density specification plant.

(5) field management

1, look into seedling to fill a vacancy.After live three leaves or transplanting are revival from transplanting, look into seedling, thinning in time, fill the gaps with seedlings, according to " go weak stay strong, close deposit rare, directed, stay even, stay strong sprout " principle, final singling is generally carried out when 5 true leaves, every nest stays strain strong sprout, fills the gaps with seedlings simultaneously, band soil mud seedling, and water sufficient normal root water, ensure that seedling survives.As being short of seedling too much, the way of available after-culture seed solves.Accomplish not lack nest, ensure Basic Seedling.

2, weeding.Intertill and clean tillage: Maize at Seedling Stage intertillage can be carried out 1-2 times, and combines fertilising, suitably earths up.The depth requirements of intertillage is accomplished in other shallow, the row of seedling dark, shallow before final singling, dark after final singling.

3, apply fertilizer

(1) gently execute and carry seed manure.When 5-6 leaves, impose seed manure, use urea 5 ~ 8 kilograms of nests for every mu and execute, then blinding.Seedling stage, as lack of water, should pour water in time.When excessive rainfall, soil moisture, ponding, zanjon row ponding be noted out, improve soil aeration condition.

(2) heavy dressing ear manuer.When 14-15 leaves (typhon mouth phase), ear manuer is attacked in heavy dressing, and current fertile amount accounts for about 35% of total fertilizing amount, and every mu of sealing fertilizer 40 kilograms is converted liquid dung nest clearly and executed, and combines and earths up.

4, the extermination of disease and insect pest

Adhere to the principle of " putting prevention first, integrated control ".Keypoint control corn borer, banded sclerotial blight.

Horn mouth to heading stage is the key period that corn borer endangers, with killing snout moth's larva spirit No. 1 granule or 2.5% Dimehypo Fg dessert control of maize snout moth's larva.Meanwhile, banded sclerotial blight is prevented and treated with 70% thiophanate methyl or the spraying of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 500 ~ 800 times of liquid routines.

(6) gather in the crops

According to different cultivation objects, the harvest time of corn is different.Eat dish corn raw generally can gather in the crops after grouting in 16-22 days after pollination, after fruit picking, supply listing in time.Grain will after seed milk-line disappears with (feeding) corn, and when there is stain, crop is the highest.The corn variety of current plantation, mostly be a maturation of living, functional period of leaf is long, and suitable period harvest can improve output.

The present invention has following beneficial effect:

1, save fertilizer application consumption, mu consumption can be down to 55 kilograms from 75 kilograms of conventional fertilizer application (45%N, P, K Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium), and mu saves chemical fertilizer 20 kilograms.

2, suitably can do sth. in advance sowing, extend vegetative growth phase, increase the accumulation of plant substance in vivo, for high yield lays the first stone.

3, be conducive to strengthening milpa resistance.Seedling stage, temperature was low, and after base is executed " Bao Xinfei ", farmyard manure is releases heat in conversion process, improved soil temperature, was conducive to quick healthy growth in seedling stage, formed high yield seedling frame; In the high and cold mountain area of height above sea level more than 1200 meters, autumn, early cooling was fast, and corn grouting maturation subjects to chilling injury, not easily ripe, and production showing " suspension hook " affects yield and quality, applies this technology, can overcome or alleviate low temperature effect.

4, oil recovery enhancement, increases unit weight.Corn-based is executed " Bao Xinfei ", increases soil organic matter content, and plant absorbs balanced in nutrition, is conducive to corn quality and improves, and Grain Ripening is full to be enriched, and improves unit weight.

5, culture fertility, improves soil structure.Enrich farmyard manure, than chronic administration chemical fertilizer, be conducive to culture fertility, improve soil structure, increase soil organic matter content, make loosing soil, do not harden, be beneficial to plant growth.

6, strengthen resistance against diseases, reduce dosage.Corn-based is executed " Bao Xinfei ", absorbs balanced in nutrition, and plant strain growth is healthy and strong, and resistance against diseases strengthens, and disease occurs obviously to be lighter than conventional fertilizer application.Milpa is tall and big, and extermination of disease and insect pest difficulty, strengthening resistance against diseases by cultivation step is way consistent in current production, can reduce dosage, reach the effect of control of maize disease.

7, high yield.Corn-based is executed " Bao Xinfei ", and soil nutrient is balanced, and plant strain growth is healthy and strong, and resistance strengthens, thus reaches the object of high yield.

8, make full use of Rural Natural Resources, the ight soil that Appropriate application livestock-raising produces and crops residue, and house refuse, reduce pollution of area source processing cost, reach and recycle.

9, reduce production cost, achieve cost-saving synergistic.Save applying quantity of chemical fertilizer, can save 20 kilograms for every mu, per kilogram, by 3 yuan of calculating, is saved chemical fertilizer for every mu and is paid wages 60 yuan.Removing farmyard manure 1500 kilograms, the artificial freight charges of per kilogram 0.03 yuan, pay wages 45 yuan, and mu joint props up 15 yuan.Statistics shows, corn-based is executed bag heart fertilizer technology and increased production 24.2 kilograms than conventional fertilizer application mu, per kilogram 2.2 yuan calculating, and mu increases income 53.24 yuan, increases income and economizes on spending 68.24 yuan for every mu.

The present invention makes full use of Rural Natural Resources, the ight soil that Appropriate application livestock-raising produces and crops residue, and house refuse, reduces pollution of area source processing cost, reaches and recycle, be conducive to improving life in the countryside environment.High yield.Corn-based is executed " Bao Xinfei ", and soil nutrient is balanced, and plant strain growth is healthy and strong, and resistance strengthens, thus reaches the object of high yield.Reduce production cost, achieve cost-saving synergistic.Save applying quantity of chemical fertilizer, strong resistance against diseases, reduce dosage.Corn-based is executed " Bao Xinfei ", absorbs balanced in nutrition, and plant strain growth is healthy and strong, and resistance against diseases strengthens, and disease occurs obviously to be lighter than conventional fertilizer application.Milpa is tall and big, and extermination of disease and insect pest difficulty, strengthening resistance against diseases by cultivation step is way consistent in current production, can reduce dosage, reach the effect of control of maize disease.Reduce production cost, achieve cost-saving synergistic.Save applying quantity of chemical fertilizer, can save 20 kilograms for every mu, per kilogram, by 3 yuan of calculating, is saved chemical fertilizer for every mu and is paid wages 60 yuan.Removing farmyard manure 1500 kilograms, the artificial freight charges of per kilogram 0.03 yuan, pay wages 45 yuan, and meter joint props up 15 yuan.

Last it is noted that above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention, be not intended to limit; Although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature; And these amendments or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the spirit and scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.

Claims (4)

1. a cultivating method of crop, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:

The Ji Shibao heart is fertile:

A (), Dressing date, use at corn seeding or before transplanting for 25-30 days;

B (), corrugate, on smooth good soil, open railway carriage or compartment by duplicate rows corn 130-150 centimetre of specification unwrapping wire of planting, to plant direction corrugate along corn in face, railway carriage or compartment central authorities, ditch depth 15-20 centimetre, furrow width 20-25 centimetre;

(c), fertilising, by every mu of applications of farmyard manure 1500-2000 kilogram, the consumption that chemical fertilizer is 10 kilograms, first imposes in ditch by uniform for farmyard manure bar, is then sprinkling upon above farmyard manure by chemical fertilizer;

(d), ridging earthing, only row spacing 85 centimetres is made Deng line-spacing, wide-and narrow-row interplanting row spacing 90-100 centimetre, ridge height 15-25 centimetre, cover above fertilizer by soil in railway carriage or compartment, ridging becomes watt back type, thickness of earth covering 5-10 centimetre, allow fertilizer and chemical fertilizer decompose slaking in soil, after 25-30 days, press line-spacing 30 centimetres sowing or Transplanting Maize in face, railway carriage or compartment;

Corn planting: adopt mode that is live or seedling raising and transplanting;

Field management:

A () is looked into seedling and is filled a vacancy, live three leaves or transplanting are looked into seedling, thinning in time, filled the gaps with seedlings after being revival from transplanting, and final singling is carried out when 5 true leaves, and every nest stays strain strong sprout, fills the gaps with seedlings simultaneously, band soil mud seedling, and waters sufficient normal root water, ensures that seedling survives;

(b) weeding, intertill and clean tillage: Maize at Seedling Stage intertillage can be carried out 1-2 time, and combines fertilising, suitably earths up, the depth requirements of intertillage accomplishes that seedling is other shallow, dark in row, shallow before final singling, after final singling deeply;

C () is applied fertilizer

(1) gently execute and carry seed manure, when 5-6 sheet leaf, impose seed manure, use a urea 5-8 kilogram nest for every mu and execute, then blinding; If seedling stage, lack of water, poured water in time; When excessive rainfall, soil moisture, ponding, zanjon row ponding must be opened, improve soil aeration condition;

(2) heavy dressing ear manuer, when 14-15 sheet leaf, ear manuer is attacked in heavy dressing, and fertile amount accounts for the 30-40% of total fertilizing amount, and every mu of sealing fertilizer 40 kilograms is converted liquid dung nest clearly and executed, and combines and earths up;

(d) extermination of disease and insect pest

Control of maize snout moth's larva, banded sclerotial blight; With killing snout moth's larva spirit No. 1 granule or 2.5% Dimehypo Fg dessert control of maize snout moth's larva, meanwhile, banded sclerotial blight is prevented and treated with 70% thiophanate methyl or the spraying of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 500 ~ 800 times of liquid routines;

Results:

Eat dish corn raw can gather in the crops after grouting in 16-22 days after pollination; Grain corn after seed milk-line disappears, will be gathered in the crops when there is stain.

2. cultivating method of crop according to claim 1, is characterized in that: nitrogen, phosphorus, the K composite fertilizer of described chemical fertilizer to be effective content be 40-45%.

3. cultivating method of crop according to claim 1, is characterized in that: describedly lively to comprise the following steps:

A in () sowing time, the place that height above sea level is less than 600 meters, sowed in 5-15 day in March; The place of height above sea level 600-1200 rice, sowed in 15-25 day in March; The place that height above sea level is more than 1200 meters, sowed in March 25 to April 10;

(b) seeding quantity, every mu of Honda corn seed seeding quantity 1000-1500 gram, 2 seeds sowed by every nest;

(c) planting density, low altitude area, mu plants 2200-2500 strain; High altitude localities, mu plants 2800-3200 strain;

(d) sowing specification, mu is planted the line-spacing plantation specifications such as 2200-2500 strain and is: line-spacing 85 centimetres, and spacing in the rows is at 31-35 centimetre; Mu plants the line-spacing plantation specifications such as 2800-3200 strain: line-spacing 85 centimetres, and spacing in the rows is at 24-28 centimetre; The area of corn relay interplanting potato planting, planting patterns adopts 2 row corn relay interplanting 1 row potatos, and mu plants 2900-3400 strain; Wide-narrow row planting specification is: wide row 100 centimetres, narrow row 30 centimetres, spacing in the rows 30-35 centimetre;

E () is sowed

Face, ridge is beaten nest two row, line-spacing 30 centimetres, nest, apart from determining by planting density, drenches a little clear liquid dung, is then sowed in nest by seed by spacing in the rows in nest, and every nest sowing 2, sowing limit, limit blinding, blinding thickness is 1-5 centimetre.

4. cultivating method of crop according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described seedling raising and transplanting comprises the following steps:

A the choosing of ground, () seedbed, selects leeward facing south, the place of water intaking, convenient management;

B () seedbed prepares, adopt semi-underground type seedbed, seedbed is high 20 centimetres, and seedbed is wide 120 centimetres, and length is determined with nursery quantity;

C () Nutrition Soil is prepared burden, loose, the fertile vegetable garden soil 1000 jin of mu, well-rotted farmyard manure 500 jin, superphosphate 20 jin, 1 jin, zinc sulphate;

(d) nursery, adopt manually stick together, the mode of nutrition device or square nursery, nutrition sticks together nursery: fully mixed by Nutrition Soil, with clear liquid dung or clear water spice, humidity is pinched agglomerating with hand, land and namely fall apart for degree, do ovalisation or cylindrical nutrition sticks together, often stick together weight 0.2-0.25 kilogram, nutrition stick together top punching, broadcast registered seed 1, by fine earth lid kind, water sufficient moisture; Square nursery: be laid in seedbed by the Nutrition Soil prepared, with clear liquid dung or clear water spice, screeding and compaction, thickness 5-6 centimetre, is divided into the square of 5 centimetres with cutter, punches, broadcast registered seed 1 in the square.After planting by fine earth lid kind, thickness 2 centimetres is advisable, with bamboo chip arch camber overlay film, and sagitta 0.5 meter;

(e) seedbed management, seed does not take off film before being unearthed, after being unearthed, according to weather condition, at 10 in sun sky morning to 3 attentions in afternoon are taken off film cooling, are ventilated, when bed soil turns white, water spray moisturizing, prevents high temperature from burning seedling, after two leaves, use liquid dung clearly in right amount, accomplish incremental, have many meals but little food at eath, take off film hardening daytime, nurturing staff;

(f) transplant, transplant land for growing field crops after three leaves, using sufficient base fertilizer, after normal root water, by qualified maize seedling on request density specification plant.