CN104280841B - The electric field-sensitive element and electric field sensing device of all optical fibre structure - Google Patents
The electric field-sensitive element and electric field sensing device of all optical fibre structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN104280841B CN104280841B CN201410519443.1A CN201410519443A CN104280841B CN 104280841 B CN104280841 B CN 104280841B CN 201410519443 A CN201410519443 A CN 201410519443A CN 104280841 B CN104280841 B CN 104280841B
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- sensitive element
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4219—Mechanical fixtures for holding or positioning the elements relative to each other in the couplings; Alignment methods for the elements, e.g. measuring or observing methods especially used therefor
- G02B6/422—Active alignment, i.e. moving the elements in response to the detected degree of coupling or position of the elements
- G02B6/4225—Active alignment, i.e. moving the elements in response to the detected degree of coupling or position of the elements by a direct measurement of the degree of coupling, e.g. the amount of light power coupled to the fibre or the opto-electronic element
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/14—Mode converters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
Abstract
The invention discloses the electric field-sensitive element and electric field sensing device of a kind of all optical fibre structure.The electric field-sensitive element includes optical fiber, the signal end of one end of the optical fiber as electric field-sensitive element；The optical fiber is provided with mode converter near the periphery of the fibre core of one end of signal end, and the periphery of the covering of the other end is provided with Bragg grating；Along the length direction of optical fiber, between mode converter and Bragg grating, the periphery of at least part of fibre cladding is coated with graphene film.The electric field-sensitive element of the present invention is all optical fibre structure, on the one hand it is little insertion loss to be reduced, another convenience, advantageously reduce device size, it is easy to integrated, and the electric field sensing device based on the electric field-sensitive element, in application, have the advantages that sensitivity height and light will not be conducive to integrated the generation impact of tested electric field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to photoelectron technical field, and in particular to a kind of electric field-sensitive element of all optical fibre structure and electric field are passed
Induction device.
Background technology
Electric field measurement has important application in science, industry and commercial field.Traditional electromagnetic wave measurement system is adopted
Active Metal detector, it will certainly cause electromagnetic interference, produce electromagnetism field distortion, and measuring system can be caused to make an uproar electromagnetism
Sound is very sensitive.With the development of photoelectron technology, it is the interference for solving the electromagnetic noise in electromagnetic wave measurement system, U.S. sea
Research institution of army Bulmer, W.LANG of Britain NPL et al., by fiber waveguide, electrode together with antenna organic integration, prepare
A kind of Integrated Light electric-type electric-field sensor based on Pockels effects, achieves the survey to electric field using optical principle first
Amount.
Compared with conditional electronic electric-field sensor, the photo-electric electric-field sensor based on electrooptic effect utilizes some crystal
(such as lithium niobate LiNbO3) linear electro-optic effect, when optical signal is transmitted in electrooptical material, due to the electric light of photoelectric material
The change of electric-field intensity is converted into the change of optical signal phase, ultimately results in interference by effect by the change of crystal refractive index
Change in signal strength, and then the Strength Changes of interference signal are calculated the Strength Changes of electric field to be measured.
Photo-electric electric-field sensor overcomes the problem of the electromagnetic interference of conditional electronic electric-field sensor, and due to photo-electric
Electric-field sensor is typically based on integrated optical device and optical fibre device, compared with other kinds of electric-field sensor, also there is chi
The advantages of very little little, light weight, high sensitivity, it is with a wide range of applications, quickly grows in recent years.
But, such electric-field sensor cannot accomplish all-fiber, and complex structure, high cost, volume are big, be difficult to light
Integrated, and couple between waveguide and optical fiber and can produce larger loss, it is difficult to realize that cascade constitutes quasi-distributed sensor network.This
Outward, such electric-field sensor is realized based on crystalline material, on the one hand due to the polarized light property of crystal so that the spy of electric-field sensor
Head needs to be connected with light source using polarization maintaining optical fibre, and also separately needs Transmission Fibers to import interference signal light in measuring system,
Further increase complexity and the preparation cost of structure.On the other hand, the photoelectric properties of crystalline material are quicker to temperature
Sense, the performance for directly resulting in electric-field sensor based on the crystalline material are also temperature sensitive, therefore, often probe must be carried out
Adjustment in structure, to keep optimum Working, increased the complexity of operation.
Content of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides the electric field-sensitive element and electric field sensing of a kind of all optical fibre structure
Device.
A kind of electric field-sensitive element of all optical fibre structure, including optical fiber, one end of the optical fiber is used as electric field-sensitive element
Signal end；
The optical fiber is provided with mode converter, the periphery of the covering of the other end near the periphery of the fibre core of one end of signal end
It is provided with Bragg grating；
Along the length direction of optical fiber, between mode converter and Bragg grating, the periphery of at least part of fibre cladding
It is coated with graphene film.
In the present invention, whole optical fiber can all be coated with graphene film, it is also possible to only mode converter and Bragg grating
Between fibre cladding be coated with graphene film.
In the electric field-sensitive element of the present invention, described optical fiber is single-mode fiber, and is bare fibre, i.e. only fibre core and bag
Layer.
Can be being all coated with graphene film outside the covering of whole section of optical fiber in the present invention, it is also possible to outside only one section fibre cladding
Enclose and be coated with graphene film.
Mode converter in the present invention is reversible, can make the flashlight of input between low step mode and higher order mode
Conversion.
The present invention electric field-sensitive element using when electric field-sensitive element is placed in tested electric field, flashlight is from signal
After end enters electric field-sensitive element, part in fibre core is high with the flashlight conversion that low step mode is transmitted by mode converter
Order mode.Due to the restriction of optical fiber transmission property, the flashlight of part higher order mode can enter covering in transmitting procedure.
In the presence of tested electric field, the electrical conductivity of the graphene film on fibre cladding surface changes, and causes then
Refractive index changes, so as to cause the effective refractive index of the covering at graphene film cladding to change, further make through
The phase place of the flashlight of the covering that crosses at graphene film cladding changes.
When flashlight (flashlight of higher order mode) passes through Bragg grating, the flashlight for meeting Bragg condition will be by
Reflection, along transmission path before, returns to mode converter after the effect for again passing by graphene film, and by mould
Formula converter is re-converted into low step mode, and the flashlight of the higher order mode that part is transmitted in covering is all limited to fibre
Transmit in core and export from signal end.The flashlight for now exporting, partially due to there occurs through the effect of graphene film
Phase place change, in addition also has part without the covering at graphene film cladding, therefore phase place change does not occur.According to two
The phase relation of part signal light, you can realize the perception to extra electric field (tested electric field).
The electric field-sensitive element of the present invention is fiber-coaxial graphene-structured, and it is right to be achieved using the electrooptic effect of Graphene
The sensing of external electrical field intensity, the electric-field sensor of this fiber-coaxial graphene-structured have small volume, will not be to tested electricity
Impact is produced, the advantages of sensitivity is high, to be easy to light integrated.
Mode converter in the present invention is actually one section of fiber grating mould prepared by the fibre core of optical fiber, prepares
When directly the optical fiber one end write grating, based on the mode converter can realize sensing element all -fiber tie
Structure, it is easy to integrated, and substantially reduce insertion loss.
The transformation efficiency of mode converter is higher, occur phase place change flashlight more, electric field-sensitive element sensitive
Degree can be higher.The conversion efficiency of fiber grating mode converter depends primarily on the length of fiber grating.General fiber grating
Length is bigger, and conversion efficiency is higher.But for realizing the miniaturization of device, need suitably to adjust fiber grating according to application demand
Length.The length of generally fiber grating mode converter is 5mm or so.
Bragg grating plays reflex, for the light after graphene film is reflected back mode converter, by mould
Higher order mode is converted to low step mode by formula converter, and then flashlight is redefined in fibre core.Prague in the present invention
Grating is prepared by the covering of optical fiber.The length of Bragg grating determines selectivity of the Bragg grating to reflection wavelength,
Bragg grating is longer, and wavelength selectivity is better, can effectively filter out other wavelength components signal (such as noise signal) dry
Disturb.In the present invention, the length of the Bragg grating is 1～5mm.
In the electric field-sensitive element of the present invention, the operation wavelength of mode converter and the reflection wavelength of Bragg grating must
Must match with the operation wavelength of the electric field-sensitive element, can be by reasonable Setting pattern converter and the cycle of Bragg grating
Realize Wavelength matched.
In the present invention, whether mode converter, graphene film and Bragg grating completely cover entirely circumferentially, can basis
Need and process conditions set.For ensureing the uniformity of signal light energy distribution, mode converter, graphene film in the present invention
Completely cover with Bragg grating whole circumferential.
Described mode converter, graphene film and Bragg grating three in the longitudinal direction be smaller than 1mm.
Spacing refers to from signal end along fiber length, previous part (part refer to mode converter, graphene film and
Bragg grating) tail end and latter component head end distance.The excessive one side of the spacing increases can the loss of light
Greatly, cause the sensitivity of sensing element to decline, on the other hand, be also unfavorable for the miniaturization of device and integrated.In process conditions
In the case of permission, mode converter and graphene film, and the distance between graphene film and Bragg grating can be with
It is zero (just end to end in the longitudinal direction).
The length of the graphene film is 50～200 μm.
In the present invention using graphene film electrooptic effect, change covering in transmit flashlight phase place, Jin Ershi
The now perception to electric field, the length of graphene film directly influence the size of phase change amount, and the length of graphene film is got over
Long, phase change is bigger.But, if long, transmission range can be increased, increase light loss, be unfavorable for subsequent applications.And from device
Integrated angle considers that the length of graphene film is also unsuitable long, specifically can be adjusted according to application scenario.Preferably,
The length of the graphene film is 100～200 μm.
The thickness of the graphene film is 0.335nm～1.005nm.
As graphene film is made up of some (at least one of which) single-layer graphenes, the thickness one of single-layer graphene is set to
0.335nm, therefore the thickness of graphene film should be the integral multiple of 0.335nm.
Increase the thickness of graphene film, the effect of graphene film and flashlight can be strengthened so that effective refractive index
Variable quantity increase, and then increase flashlight phase place variable quantity, improve sensing element sensitivity, but in identical traffic
Under distance, increase the loss increase that graphene film also results in flashlight.Preferably, the thickness of i.e. graphene film
For 0.335nm.
On the one hand fiber lengths will ensure at least be sequentially distributed mode converter, graphene film and Prague light
Grid, further need exist for the volume for considering sensing element, and the length of the optical fiber is 0.8～10cm.The part for wherein growing is in cloth
After glug grating, for decaying to the flashlight after Bragg reflection, prevent from returning through profile of optic fibre, affect
The operating efficiency of electric field-sensitive element.
Present invention also offers a kind of electric field sensing device, including above-mentioned electric field-sensitive element.
Described electric field sensing device, is also included optical circulator, and is connected with the bidirectional output port of the optical circulator
The polarization converter for connecing, the photodetector being connected with unidirectional output port；
The other end of the polarization converter is connected with the input interface of the mode converter in electric field-sensitive element.
Described optical circulator be three ports light rings, its unidirectional input port be used for connect light source by using the ring of light
Shape device, forms loop, is conducive to the integrated level for improving device.
Polarization converter is reversible, with two bidirectional output ports, when the flashlight of input is linearly polarized light, partially
Put converter and the flashlight of input is converted to circularly polarized light, conversely, when the flashlight of input is circularly polarized light, biasing conversion
The flashlight of input is converted to linearly polarized light by device.
During use, in the electric field sensing device of the present invention, the unidirectional input port of optical circulator needs external LD light sources, with
Flashlight is provided.The operation wavelength of external LD light sources must be with the work of polarization converter, sensing element and photodetector
Wavelength matches.
(flashlight and phase place changed comprising phase place the flashlight that optical circulator is exported by photodetector does not occur
The flashlight of change) beat frequency is carried out, the change of phase place will be converted into the size of time domain power on signal amplitude, extra electric field (quilt
Survey electric field) change, be finally reflected for photodetector output electric signal changes in amplitude, so as to complete electric field sensing.
For mating the output light of LD light sources and the transmission characteristic of the optical fiber in electric field-sensitive element, reduce loss,
The electric field sensing device of the present invention is additionally provided with polarization converter, and the output light of LD light sources is converted to circle using the polarization converter
Enter back into after polarised light in electric field-sensitive element, the linearly polarized light that LD light sources are input into is converted to circularly polarized light.
Further, since most photodetectors are the interference using same frequency with two bunch polarised lights of polarization direction
Photodetection is realized, accordingly, it would be desirable to circularly polarized light is again converted to linearly polarized light further, is easy to photodetector to complete to examine
Survey.
By arranging optical circulator in the electric field sensing device of the present invention, using the transmission road of optical circulator control light
Footpath, forms annular light path, is conducive to the volume for reducing electric field sensing device, is easy to integrated.
Compared with prior art, it is an advantage of the current invention that：
(1) electric field-sensitive element of the invention is all optical fibre structure, and it is little on the one hand to reduce insertion loss, another convenience,
Device size is advantageously reduced, is easy to integrated.
(2) electric field-sensitive element of the invention is made using the electrooptic effect of the graphene film being coated on outside fibre cladding
There is phase place change by what mode converter was excited with the flashlight that higher order mode is transmitted in covering, it is achieved thereby that to external world
The sensing of electric-field intensity, the electric field-sensitive element will not produce impact to tested electric field, be conducive to improving electric field-sensitive element
Sensitivity；
(3) by arranging optical circulator in electric field sensing device of the invention, using the transmission of optical circulator control light
Path, forms annular light path, is conducive to the volume for reducing electric field sensing device, is easy to integrated.
Description of the drawings
Structural representations of the Fig. 1 for the electric field-sensitive element of the present embodiment；
Fig. 2 is the analogous diagram of structure light phase and graphene film length relation under different extra electric fields；
Structured flowcharts of the Fig. 3 for the electric field sensing device of the present embodiment.
Specific embodiment
Describe the present invention below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in figure 1, the electric field-sensitive element of all optical fibre structure of the present embodiment, including optical fiber 1, one end of optical fiber 1 is made
Signal end for electric field-sensitive element.In the present embodiment, electric field-sensitive element adopts length for the SMF-28 type single-mode fibers of 2cm,
And be bare fibre, only fibre core and covering.
Optical fiber is provided with mode converter 2 near the periphery of the fibre core of one end of signal end, and the periphery of the covering of the other end sets
There is Bragg grating 4；
Along the length direction of optical fiber, between mode converter and Bragg grating, the periphery of at least part of fibre cladding
It is coated with graphene film 3.
For reducing the volume of electric field-sensitive element, it is easy to integrated, mode converter, graphene film and cloth in the present embodiment
Glug grating distance in the longitudinal direction is zero (i.e. mutually end to end).
The length of mode converter 2 is 5mm.For ease of integrated, reduce insertion loss, directly in optical fiber 1 in the present embodiment
Fibre core on write grating as mode converter 2.
Bragg grating 4 its reflex, is write in covering using carbon dioxide laser and is obtained.Cloth in the present embodiment
Glug grating 4 is used for returning the flashlight for meeting Bragg's condition of reflection in flashlight therethrough.Bragg grating anti-
The selectivity of ejected wave length depends on the length of Bragg grating, and more long wavelength is selective better.Bragg grating in the present embodiment
Length be 5mm.
The reflection wavelength of the operation wavelength of mode converter and Bragg grating must be with the operating wave of inductance sensing element
Long coupling.In the present embodiment, the operation wavelength of inductance sensing element is 1.55 μm, by Setting pattern converter and Prague light
The screen periods of grid, it is also 1.55 μm to make the operation wavelength of mode converter 2 and the reflection wavelength of Bragg grating 4.Example
Such as, for making the reflection wavelength of Bragg grating for 1.55 μm, the cycle for arranging Bragg grating in the present embodiment is 0.53 μm.
For ensureing that the phase place of the flashlight transmitted in covering can occur significant change, graphene film in the present embodiment
Length is 185.5 μm, and thickness is 0.335nm (as a layer).In the present embodiment, graphene film adopts chemical vapour deposition technique
Or physical mechanical stripping method is prepared.
During the present embodiment electric field-sensitive element manipulation, the phase place of the flashlight transmitted with higher order mode in covering(silent
The phase place that recognizes into fashionable flashlight is zero) as follows：
Wherein k0 is wave number in vacuum, length of the L for graphene film, neffEffective refractive index for covering.When electric field quick
When sensing unit is placed in tested electric field, as the refractive index of electrooptic effect graphene film changes, and then cause Graphene
The effective refractive index n of covering at film coatedeffChange, and then the flashlight for making to transmit with higher order mode in covering
Phase placeConversion.
Fig. 2 is the analogous diagram of structure light phase and graphene film length relation under different extra electric fields, by figure in
As can be seen that the length of light phase and graphene film is proportional.Four kinds of colors are illustrated respectively under different applied voltages
The phase place of (0V, 0.2V, 0.25V, 1V) flashlight overlaps with the change schematic diagram of graphite length, four curvilinear motion convergences,
But it is that figure in 184.5～185.5 μm of intervals carries out partial enlargement to graphene film length, it is seen that, in 0.2V
In the case of 0.25V applied voltages, after have passed through the graphene film of 185.5 μm of length, both phase differences can about reach
To pi/2, tell both voltage fine distinctions enough, this also from another angle illustrate this kind of electric-field sensor have compared with
High accuracy and sensitivity.
The electric field-sensitive element of the present embodiment is fiber-coaxial graphene-structured, using the electrooptic effect reality of graphene film
The sensing of electric-field intensity is to external world showed, there is the electric-field sensor of this fiber-coaxial graphene-structured small volume, insertion to damage
Consumption is little, will not produce impact on tested electric field, the advantages of sensitivity is high and is conducive to light integrated.
As shown in figure 3, the electric field sensing device of the present embodiment includes electric field-sensitive element, and optical circulator and optical rotation
Parallel operation, two ports of polarization converter respectively with patten transformation in the bidirectional output port of optical circulator and electric field-sensitive element
The input interface connection of device, the unidirectional output port of optical circulator are connected with photodetector input port.
In the present embodiment optical circulator be three ports light rings, the unidirectional input of three ports light rings during use
Mouth needs external LD light sources to connect to provide flashlight as whole sensing device.The operation wavelength of external LD light sources must with inclined
The operation wavelength of converter, sensing element and photodetector of shaking matches.
For enabling the output light of LD light sources to mate with optical fiber transmission property in electric field-sensitive element, by polarization conversion
The linearly polarized light that LD light sources are input into is converted to circularly polarized light by device.Further, since most photodetectors are using same
Frequency realizes photodetection with the interference of two bunch polarised lights of polarization direction, accordingly, it would be desirable to further turn circularly polarized light again
Linearly polarized light is changed to, is easy to photodetector to complete to detect.
Annular light path is formed by three port circulators in the present embodiment, a polarization converter is only multiplexed, you can complete
Mutual conversion between linearly polarized light and circularly polarized light, need not arrange two polarization converters, one side reduces cost, the opposing party
Face also helps realizes that optics is integrated.
Above-described specific embodiment has been described in detail to technical scheme and beneficial effect, Ying Li
Solution is to the foregoing is only presently most preferred embodiment of the invention, is not limited to the present invention, all principle models in the present invention
Interior done any modification, supplement and equivalent etc. is enclosed, be should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the electric field-sensitive element of a kind of all optical fibre structure, it is characterised in that include the optical fiber being made up of fibre core and covering, described
Signal end of the one end of optical fiber as electric field-sensitive element；
The optical fiber is provided with mode converter near the periphery of the fibre core of one end of signal end, and the periphery of the covering of the other end is provided with
Bragg grating；
Along the length direction of optical fiber, between mode converter and Bragg grating, the periphery cladding of at least part of fibre cladding
There is graphene film；
Described mode converter, graphene film and Bragg grating three in the longitudinal direction be smaller than 1mm；Described
The length of graphene film is 50～200 μm；The thickness of the graphene film is 0.335nm～1.005nm.
2. the electric field-sensitive element of all optical fibre structure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the length of the graphene film
Spend for 100～200 μm.
3. the electric field-sensitive element of all optical fibre structure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the length of the optical fiber is
0.8～10cm.
4. a kind of electric field sensing device, it is characterised in that include as described in any one claim in claims 1 to 3
Electric field-sensitive element；
Also include optical circulator, and the polarization converter being connected with the bidirectional output port of optical circulator, with optical circulator
The photodetector of unidirectional output port connection；
The other end of the polarization converter is connected with the signal end of electric field-sensitive element.
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| CN105334566A (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2016-02-17 | 重庆理工大学 | Dotted groove type optical fiber cladding surface Bragg raster |
| CN105353458A (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2016-02-24 | 重庆理工大学 | Linear-groove type optical fiber cladding surface Bragg grating |
| CN105403535A (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2016-03-16 | 重庆理工大学 | Fiber cladding surface Bragg grating biochemical sensor and making method thereof |
| CN106940461B (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2019-07-12 | 厦门大学 | A kind of light-splitting device based on graphene Yu the composite construction of silicon waveguide |
| CN107421913A (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2017-12-01 | 重庆大学 | Fibre optical sensor based on graphene and preparation method thereof |
| CN108896837B (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2021-03-02 | 昆明理工大学 | Integrated optical waveguide three-dimensional electric field sensor system |
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| CN103176294B (en) * | 2013-04-02 | 2015-08-12 | 浙江大学 | A kind of all-fiber electro-optical modulator based on grapheme material and method thereof |
| CN203405289U (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2014-01-22 | 暨南大学 | Graphene based optical fiber temperature sensor |
| CN103471701B (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2015-09-23 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of fiber optic acoustic sensors and optical fiber acoustic sounding method |
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