CN103176294B - A kind of all-fiber electro-optical modulator based on grapheme material and method thereof - Google Patents

A kind of all-fiber electro-optical modulator based on grapheme material and method thereof Download PDF

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CN103176294B
CN103176294B CN201310112643.0A CN201310112643A CN103176294B CN 103176294 B CN103176294 B CN 103176294B CN 201310112643 A CN201310112643 A CN 201310112643A CN 103176294 B CN103176294 B CN 103176294B
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fiber
groove
thin layer
graphene
transition thin
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CN103176294A (en
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周锋
郝然
周金海
金晓峰
章献民
郑史烈
池灏
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/011—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  in optical waveguides, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
    • G02F1/0115—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  in optical waveguides, not otherwise provided for in this subclass in optical fibres
    • G02F1/0118—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  in optical waveguides, not otherwise provided for in this subclass in optical fibres by controlling the evanescent coupling of light from a fibre into an active, e.g. electro-optic, overlay

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of all-fiber electro-optical modulator based on grapheme material and method thereof.It comprises single-mode fiber, silicon dioxide grooved substrate, Al 2o 3transition thin layer, graphene film, silicon dioxide grooved substrate is provided with single-mode fiber, and fixes with the epoxy glue of encapsulation, and be provided with groove at single-mode fiber, groove is provided with Al 2o 3transition thin layer, Al 2o 3transition thin layer is provided with graphene film.Changed the conductivity characteristic of Graphene by the voltage that change metal electrode applies, thus change imaginary part or the real part of Graphene lamination layer structure effective refractive index, realize electric absorption intensity modulator or phase-modulator.The present invention realizes the design of all-fiber electro-optical modulator, has size and power consumption is small, and insertion loss is low, and modulating speed is fast, is conducive to the features such as light is integrated.In addition owing to not introducing additional light electron device, the present invention is applicable to apply in System of all Optical Communication He in dense wave division multipurpose (DWDM) system.

Description

A kind of all-fiber electro-optical modulator based on grapheme material and method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical communication, sensing technology and field of optoelectronic devices thereof, particularly relate to a kind of all-fiber electro-optical modulator based on grapheme material and method thereof.
Background technology
In information society, the growing market of impelling of data communication and the Internet constantly increases transfer rate and traffic capacity demands, thus the demand of optical transport network is also increased rapidly, in Large Copacity optical transmission system, essential to the High Speed Modulation of light signal.Photomodulator is the Primary Component of high speed, long-distance optical communication, is also one of most important integrated optical device.Photomodulator, according to its modulation principle, can be divided into electric light, thermo-optical, acousto-optic, Quan Guang etc.Wherein electrooptic modulator is all better than the modulator of other types in loss, power consumption, speed, integration etc., therefore most prospect become study hotspot.The principle of electrooptic modulator is the electrooptical effect utilizing crystal, changes crystal refractive index or birefraction, thus change phase place or the intensity of output light-wave by controlling external electric field.
In the last few years, due to LiNbO 3the characteristics such as the low-loss of waveguide, high electrical efficiency, LiNbO 3electric light (EO) modulator has become the most promising device in high speed optical communication system, wherein based on the LiNbO of Mach-Zehnder (MZ) waveguiding structure 3travelling-wave modulator has become most popular modulator in existing system.
But the shortcoming of this modulator to be half-wave voltage at present higher, modulation efficiency is lower, and owing to being LiNbO 3device, cannot accomplish all-fiber.
From graphite, isolate Graphene from Univ Manchester UK's PHYSICS sea nurse and Nuo Woxiaoluofu success, this only have the material of one deck atomic thickness because of its peculiar structure and excellent performance, attracted the enthusiasm that people are huge.When not adding external voltage, Graphene is the semiconductor material of zero band gap, and its band structure is in K space in the biconial to top, and Fermi level is on Di Lake point.Due to the singularity of monatomic structure, very low at the density of electronic states at Di Lake point place, the fill level of electronics is very large by the impression of external voltage, by applying external voltage, the Fermi level of Graphene can be made to produce mobile, thus change the character such as the conductivity of integral material.When impressed voltage is very little, the conductivity real part of material and imaginary part are all positive number, and Graphene entirety shows the character of medium; When impressed voltage reaches a certain critical value, real part and the imaginary part of conductivity all go to zero, and Graphene entirety shows semimetallic character; When impressed voltage is greater than a certain critical value, the real part of its conductivity is negative, and Graphene entirety shows the character of metal.By utilizing medium, semimetal, the metallic character of Graphene, can control, between light and Graphene, coupling occurs, designing and there is very high modulation efficiency and the electrooptic modulator of low half-wave voltage.
A large amount of single modulator using individual packages in existing optical communication system, the Graphene modulator based on waveguiding structure needs in its two ends connecting fiber, so that compatible with optical communication system; Simultaneously waveguide can produce larger loss with being coupled between optical fiber; And the cost of waveguide footprint also can increase the cost of device.Therefore design a kind of cheapness, low-loss novel graphene electro-optical modulator has great importance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of all-fiber electro-optical modulator based on grapheme material and method thereof are provided.
All-fiber electro-optical modulator based on grapheme material comprises single-mode fiber, silicon dioxide grooved substrate, Al 2o 3transition thin layer, graphene film, silicon dioxide grooved substrate is provided with single-mode fiber, and fixes with the epoxy glue of encapsulation, and single-mode fiber is provided with groove, and groove is provided with Al 2o 3transition thin layer, Al 2o 3transition thin layer is provided with graphene film.
Described single-mode fiber comprises fiber core layer and fibre cladding.
Step based on the method for making of the all-fiber electro-optical modulator of grapheme material comprises as follows:
1) single-mode fiber first diameter being about 125um is inserted in the groove of the silicon dioxide grooved substrate matched with fibre external diameters, fixes with epoxy glue;
2) carrying out round as a ball grinding perpendicular to fiber length, removing fibre cladding, with the diadust liquid fine grinding being less than 0.5um after corase grind, then through cerium oxide powder polishing, produce the groove of fiber core layer milling zone, depth of groove is the radius of fiber core layer;
3) adopt magnetron sputtering to make on groove Al that a layer thickness is 5 ~ 50nm 2o 3transition thin layer, adopt chemical vapour deposition technique on Copper Foil, make the graphene film that a layer thickness is 0.7nm, after carry out again transferring to Al 2o 3on transition thin layer.
The present invention compared with prior art, have beneficial effect as follows: this electrooptic modulator volume is little, modulation efficiency is high, half-wave voltage is low, preparation technology is simple, without the need to waveguide fiber coupling, encapsulation easily, cost is low, be beneficial to the advantages such as all-fiber.This electrooptic modulator have employed Graphene optical fiber structure, device size is small, reference optical fiber diameter, for micron dimension, Graphene thickness is then several nanometer, therefore this electrooptic modulator volume is much smaller than the size of traditional electrical photomodulator about 10 ~ 100 millimeters of magnitudes, and has the advantages that general graphene electro-optical modulator modulation efficiency is high, half-wave voltage is low; This electrooptic modulator is directly prepared on single-mode fiber, solves a coupling difficult problem for optical fiber and waveguide, therefore greatly reduces insertion loss, be beneficial to and realize all-fiber; This electrooptic modulator, without the need to designing special waveguiding structure, only need prepare concave surface zone of transition, Al in a section single-mould fiber 2o 3transition thin layer and graphene film, preparation technology is simple; Encapsulate similar based on the device package of optical fiber and existing fiber optic passive device, therefore this electrooptic modulator is beneficial to encapsulation.Therefore a kind of all-fiber electro-optical modulator based on grapheme material, achieve and optical communications medium optical fiber is combined with photomodulator, avoid the introducing of the electrooptic modulator of classic method, the complexity of system is reduced greatly, is convenient to be applied in light integrated system, the system of dense wave division multipurpose DWDM and System of all Optical Communication.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the all-fiber electro-optical modulator based on grapheme material;
Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional cut-away schematic diagram of the all-fiber electro-optical modulator based on grapheme material;
Fig. 3 is the relation schematic diagram of Graphene chemical potential and effective refractive index real part and imaginary part;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that optical fiber mode fields is subject to the transition of fibre core concave surface and changes;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram before optical fiber mode fields enters graphene film;
Fig. 6 is the optical fiber mode fields schematic diagram in graphene film.
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram after optical fiber mode fields leaves graphene film;
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram that optical fiber mode fields restPoses gradually.
Embodiment
As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, the all-fiber electro-optical modulator based on grapheme material comprises single-mode fiber 1, silicon dioxide grooved substrate 2, Al 2o 3transition thin layer 4, graphene film 5, silicon dioxide grooved substrate 2 is provided with single-mode fiber 1, and fixes with the epoxy glue of encapsulation, and single-mode fiber 1 is provided with groove 3, and groove 3 is provided with Al 2o 3transition thin layer 4, Al 2o 3transition thin layer 4 is provided with graphene film 5.
Described single-mode fiber 1 comprises fiber core layer 101 and fibre cladding 102.
Step based on the method for making of the all-fiber electro-optical modulator of grapheme material comprises as follows:
1) single-mode fiber 1 first diameter being about 125um is inserted in the groove of the silicon dioxide grooved substrate 2 matched with fibre external diameters, fixes with epoxy glue;
2) round as a ball grinding is being carried out perpendicular to fiber length, remove fibre cladding 102, with the diadust liquid fine grinding being less than 0.5um after corase grind, again through cerium oxide powder polishing, produce the groove 3 of fiber core layer 101 milling zone, depth of groove is the radius of fiber core layer 101, is different from the plane lapping of general D type sensor, adopt round as a ball grinding can produce the gradual change concave surface transition structure of fiber core layer 101 milling zone, be conducive to like this reducing optical fiber insertion loss and echo.The working depth of groove 3 can be measured, to carry out precision measurement and control to the degree of depth of machined grooves 3 by means such as step instrument, contourgraph or interferometers;
3) on groove 3, magnetron sputtering is adopted to make the Al that a layer thickness is 5 ~ 50nm 2o 3transition thin layer 4, adopt chemical vapour deposition technique on Copper Foil, make the graphene film 5 that a layer thickness is 0.7nm, after carry out again transferring to Al 2o 3on transition thin layer 4.Because fiber core 101 refractive index is approximately 1.45, and the effective refractive index of grapheme material has very large dynamic adjustable feature with the state of Fermi level, introduces the Al that refractive index is approximately 1.76 2o 3transition thin layer 4 is conducive to the stable of optical mode field distribution, simultaneously because its adhesion and heat transmissibility are all mated better with fiber core 101 and graphene film 5, is therefore conducive to the intensity and the performance that increase composite film.
Principle of the present invention is as follows:
After input signal light is inputted by general single mode fiber 1, the evanescent field that fiber core 101 leaks out be coated in Al 2o 3graphene film 5 on transition thin layer 4 interacts, and on the surface of Graphene, coupling forms layer of surface plasma wave, and Graphene is longer, and the action length of light field and Graphene is longer, and Graphene is also larger to the absorption of light field.Electrical modulation signal is applied on graphene film 5 by metal electrode, with surface plasma Wave coupling, produce bias field, change the conductivity characteristic of Graphene regularly, thus change imaginary part or the real part of its effective refractive index, wherein, the imaginary part of effective refractive index is relevant to absorption loss, and the real part of effective refractive index is relevant to the refractive index of medium.As shown in Figure 3, the change of chemical potential (voltage of applying) can cause the change of Graphene effective refractive index imaginary part and real part, when chemical potential is near 0.505 eV to 0.525 eV, the imaginary part of effective refractive index is larger, the absorption characteristic that Graphene performance is very strong, can be designed to electric absorption intensity modulator, the real part of effective refractive index then can experience a saltus step by a relatively large margin, cause the sudden change of phase place, can phase-modulator be designed to.
Fig. 4 ~ Fig. 8 to give on optical fiber transversal section eigen model in Graphene modulator with the change of diverse location in fiber length.Initial stage, mould field in fibre-optic waveguide is due to the impact of the attrition process concave surface of groove 3, its mould field shape will produce change gradually, the impact of the processing concave surface transition of groove 3 is subject to due to vertical direction, optical mode field is tied distortion in the vertical direction, as shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 5, spilling fibre-optic waveguide is also become evanescent waves by fiber core 101 portion of energy; After entering graphene film 5 region, because the effective refractive index of Graphene composite bed is higher than fiber core 101 district, Graphene composite bed serves the effect of contraction to light wave transmissions mould field, optical mode field forms the transfer surface plasma wave of graphene film 5 lamination layer structure local restriction gradually, and the edge mould field effect of " ear " shape constraint is also presented at the two ends of graphene film 5, as shown in Figure 6.The plasma transmitted with metal surface unlike, Graphene limits optical mode field, and transmission range can be very long.After optical fiber mode fields leaves graphene film 5, lose by the mould field effect of contraction of graphene composite structure, due to fiber core 101 milling zone gradual transition structure, as shown in Fig. 7, Fig. 8, optical mode field comes back to the field distribution of waveguide of original state.
The above; be only the present invention's preferably embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the change that can expect easily or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. based on an all-fiber electro-optical modulator for grapheme material, it is characterized in that: comprise single-mode fiber (1), silicon dioxide grooved substrate (2), Al 2o 3transition thin layer (4), graphene film (5), silicon dioxide grooved substrate (2) is provided with single-mode fiber (1), and fixes with the epoxy glue of encapsulation, and single-mode fiber (1) is provided with groove (3), and groove (3) is provided with Al 2o 3transition thin layer (4), Al 2o 3transition thin layer (4) is provided with graphene film (5).
2. a kind of all-fiber electro-optical modulator based on grapheme material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described single-mode fiber (1) comprises fiber core layer (101) and fibre cladding (102).
3. as claimed in claim 1 based on a method for making for the all-fiber electro-optical modulator of grapheme material, it is characterized in that: its step comprises as follows:
1) single-mode fiber (1) first diameter being about 125um is inserted in the groove of the silicon dioxide grooved substrate (2) matched with fibre external diameters, fixes with epoxy glue;
2) round as a ball grinding is being carried out perpendicular to fiber length, remove fibre cladding (102), with the diadust liquid fine grinding being less than 0.5um after corase grind, again through cerium oxide powder polishing, produce the groove (3) of fiber core layer (101) milling zone, depth of groove is the radius of fiber core layer (101);
3) make at the upper magnetron sputtering that adopts of groove (3) Al that a layer thickness is 5 ~ 50nm 2o 3transition thin layer (4), adopt chemical vapour deposition technique on Copper Foil, make the graphene film (5) that a layer thickness is 0.7nm, after carry out again transferring to Al 2o 3on transition thin layer (4).
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CN104280900A (en) * 2014-09-30 2015-01-14 浙江大学 Electric field sensing element with all-fiber structure and electric field sensing device
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CN106707563A (en) * 2016-11-23 2017-05-24 北京交通大学 Ultra high speed electro-optical signal generator based on grid structure graphene microfiber
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